ADC UNS AWS User Manual

InterReach Unison

Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual

CONFIDENTIAL

D-620003-0-20 Rev J

This manual is produced for use by LGC Wireless personnel, licensees, and customers. The information contained herein is the property of LGC Wireless. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the express written permission of LGC Wireless.

LGC Wireless reserves the right to make changes, without notice, to the specifications and materials contained herein, and shall not be responsible for any damages caused by reliance on the material as presented, including, but not limited to, typographical and listing errors.

Your comments are welcome – they help us improve our products and documentation. Please address your comments to LGC Wireless, Inc. corporate headquarters in San Jose, California:

Address 2540 Junction Avenue

San Jose, California 95134-1902 USA

Attn: Marketing Dept. Phone 1-408-952-2400 Fax 1-408-952-2410 Help Hot Line 1-800-530-9960 (U.S. only)

+1-408-952-2400 (International) Web Address http://www.lgcwireless.com e-mail info@lgcwireless.com

service@lgcwireless.com

Trademarks

All trademarks identified by ™ or ® are trademarks or registered trademarks of LGC Wireless, Inc. All other trademarks belong to their respective owners.

InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual

CONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev J

Limited Warranty

Seller warrants articles of its manufacture against defectiv e mater ials or workmanshi p for a period of one year from the date of shipment to Purchaser, except as provided in any warranty applicable to Purchaser on or in the package containing the Goods (which warranty takes precedence over the following warranty). The liability of Seller under the foregoing warranty is limited, at Seller’s option, solely to repair or replacement with equivalent Goods, or an appropriate adjustment not to exceed the sales price to Purchaser, provided that (a) Seller is notified in writing by Purchaser, within the one year warran ty perio d, pr omptly upon discovery of defects, with a detailed description of such defects, (b) Purchaser has obtained a Return Materials Authorization (RMA) from Seller, which RMA Seller agrees to provide Purchaser promptly upon request, (c) the defective Goods are returned to Seller, transportation and other applicable charges prepaid by the Purchaser, and (d) Seller’s examination of such Goods discloses to its reasonable satisfaction that defects were not caused by negligence, misuse, improper installation, improper maintenance, accident or unauthorized repair or alteration or any othe r cause outside the scope of Purchaser’s warranty made hereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Seller shall have the optio n to repair any defective Goods at Purchaser’s facility. The original warranty period fo r any Goods that have been repaired or replaced by seller will not thereby be extended. In addition, all sales will be subject to standard terms and conditions on the sales contract.

Licensed Operators

LGC Wireless’ equipment is designed to operate in the licensed frequency bands of mobile, cellular, and PCS operators. In the USA, the EU, and most countries this equipment may only be used by the licensee, his authorized agents or those with written authorization to do so. Similarly, unauthorized use is illegal, and subjects the owner to the corresponding legal sanctions of the national jurisdiction involved. Ownership of LGC Wireless equipment carries no automatic right of use.

InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual

D-620003-0-20 Rev J CONFIDENTIAL

InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual

CONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev J

Table of Content s

SECTION 1 General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

1.1 Firmware Release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

1.2 Purpose and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

1.3 Conventions in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

1.4 Acronyms in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4

1.5 Standards Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6

1.6 Related Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6

SECTION 2

SECTION 3 Unison Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

InterReach Unison System Description . . . . . . 2-1

2.1 System Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3

2.2 System OA&M Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

2.2.1 OA&M Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7

2.2.2 Using Alarm Contacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9

2.3 System Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11

2.4 System Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12

2.5 System Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13

2.5.1 InterReach Unison Wavelen gth and Laser Power . . . . . . . . . 2-14

2.5.2 Environmental Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14

2.5.3 Operating Frequencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15

2.5.4 RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16

3.1 Main Hub Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2

3.1.1 Optical Fiber Uplink/Downlink Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3

3.1.2 Communications RS-232 Serial Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3

3.1.3 LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

3.2 Main Hub Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7

3.2.1 Main Hub Rear Panel Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8

3.3 Main Hub Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9

3.4 Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10

3.4.1 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10

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3.4.2 View Pr eference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10

SECTION 4 Unison Expansion Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

4.1 Expansion Hub Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2

4.1.1 RJ-45 Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

4.1.2 Optical Fiber Uplink/Downlink Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

4.1.3 LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

4.2 Expansion Hub Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6

4.3 Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7

4.4 Expansion Hub Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8

SECTION 5

SECTION 6

Unison Remote Access Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1

5.1 Remote Access Unit Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

5.1.1 SMA Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

5.1.2 RJ-45 Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4

5.2 LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4

5.3 Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5

5.4 Remote Access Unit Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5

5.5 RAUs in a Dual Band System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6

Designing a Unison Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1

6.1 Maximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAU . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3

6.1.1 800 MHz Cellular . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4

6.1.2 800 MHz iDEN/SMR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5

6.1.3 900 MHz GSM and EDGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6

6.1.4 1800 MHz DCS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7

6.1.5 1900 MHz PCS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8

6.1.6 2.1 GHz UMTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9

6.1.7 1.7/2.1 GHz AWS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9

6.2 Estimating RF Coverage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-12

6.2.1 Path Loss Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13

6.2.2 Coverage Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14

6.2.3 Examples of Design Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-19

6.3 System Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-23

6.3.1 System Gain (Loss) Relative to ScTP Cable Length . . . . . . . 6-23

6.4 Link Budget Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-24

6.4.1 Elements of a Link Budget for Narrowband Standards . . . . . 6-24

6.4.2 Narrowband Link Budget Analysis

for a Microcell Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-27

6.4.3 Elements of a Link Budget for CDMA Standards . . . . . . . . . 6-29

6.4.4 CDMA Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application . 6-32

6.4.5 Considerations for Re-Radiation (Over-the-Air) Systems . . . 6-35

6.5 Optical Power Budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-36

6.6 Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-37

6.6.1 Attenuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-38

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6.6.2 Uplink Attenuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-39

6.6.3 RAU Attenuation and ALC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-41

6.7 Designing for a Neutral Host System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-44

SECTION 7

Installing Unison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1

7.1 Installation Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1

7.1.1 Component Location Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2

7.1.2 Cable and Connector Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2

7.1.3 Multiple Operator System Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2

7.1.4 Distance Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2

7.2 Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4

7.2.1 Installation Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4

7.2.2 General Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4

7.2.3 Fiber Port Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5

7.3 Preparing for System Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6

7.3.1 Pre-Installation Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6

7.3.2 Installation Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6

7.3.3 Tools and Materials Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-9

7.3.4 Optional Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-9

7.4 Unison Component Installation Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-11

7.4.1 Installing a Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-13

7.4.2 Installing Expansion Hubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-18

7.4.3 Installing RAUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-23

7.4.4 Installing a Dual-Band RAU Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-27

7.4.5 Using a Cat-5 Extender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-29

7.4.6 Configuring the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-30

7.5 Splicing Fiber Optic Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-33

7.5.1 Fusion Splices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-33

7.6 Interfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station

or a Roof-top Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-35

7.6.1 Connecting Multiple Main Hubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-38

7.7 Connecting Contact Alarms to a Unison System . . . . . . . . . 7-42

7.7.1 Alarm Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-43

7.7.2 Alarm Sense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-46

7.7.3 Alarm Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-49

7.8 Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-51

7.8.1 Direct Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-51

7.8.2 Modem Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-52

7.8.3 RS-232 Port Expander Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-53

7.8.4 POTS Line Sharing Switch Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-54

7.8.5 Ethernet and ENET/RS-232 Serial Hub Connection . . . . . . 7-55

7.8.6 Network Interface Unit (NIU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-56

SECTION 8 Replacing Unison Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1

8.1 Replacing an RAU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1

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8.2 Replacing an Expansion Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3

8.3 Replacing a Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4

SECTION 9

APPENDIX A

APPENDIX B

Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical

Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1

9.1 Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1

9.2 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2

9.3 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3

9.3.1 Troubleshooting using AdminManager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-4

9.3.2 Troubleshooting using LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-27

9.4 Troubleshooting CAT-5/5E/6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-31

9.5 Technical Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-33

Cables and Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1

A.1 CAT-5E/6 Cable (ScTP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-1

A.2 Fiber Optical Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-3

A.3 Coaxial Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A -3

A.4 Standard Modem Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3

A.5 DB-9 to DB-9 Null Modem Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-4

A.6 DB-25 to DB-9 Null Modem Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-5

Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1

B.1 Unison System Approval Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-1

B.2 Human Exposure to RF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-3

APPENDIX C

APPENDIX D

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CONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev J

Changes and New Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1

C.1 New in Rev. J of Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-1

C.2 New in Rev. H. of Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-1

C.3 New in Rev. G of Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-2

C.4 New in Rev. F of Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-2

C.5 New in Rev. E of Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-2

C.6 New in Rev. D of Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-2

C.7 New in Rev. C of Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-2

C.8 New in Rev. B of Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-3

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D-1

List of Figures

Figure 2-1 Unison System Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3

Figure 2-2 OA&M Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

Figure 2-3 Local System Monitoring and Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7

Figure 2-4 Remote System Monitoring and Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8

Figure 2-5 Alarm Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9

Figure 2-6 Alarm Sense. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10

Figure 2-7 Unison’s Double Star Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11

Figure 2-8 Downlink (Base Station to Wireless Devices) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12

Figure 2-9 Uplink (Wireless Devices to Base Station) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12

Figure 3-1 Main Hub in a Unison System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

Figure 3-2 Main Hub Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

Figure 3-3 Main Hub Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2

Figure 3-4 Main Hub Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7

Figure 4-1 Expansion Hub in a Unison System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

Figure 4-2 Expansion Hub Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

Figure 4-3 Expansion Hub Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2

Figure 4-4 Expansion Hub Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6

Figure 5-1 Remote Access Unit in a Unison System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1

Figure 5-2 Remote Access Unit Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2

Figure 5-3 Dual-Port Antenna Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6

Figure 6-1 Determining Path Loss between the Antenna and the Wireless Device 6-12

Figure 6-2 Connecting Main Hubs to a Simplex Base Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-37

Figure 6-3 Main Hub to Duplex Base Station or Repeater Connections . . . . . . . . 6-38

Figure 6-4 ALC Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-41

Figure 7-1 Mounting Bracket Detail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-13

Figure 7-2 Mounting Bracket Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-19

Figure 7-3 800 MHz Spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-24

Figure 7-4 Guideline for Unison RAU Antenna Placement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-24

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Figure 7-5 Dual Band RAU Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-28

Figure 7-6 Dual-Port Antenna Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-29

Figure 7-7 Simplex Base Station to a Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-35

Figure 7-8 Duplex Base Station to a Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-36

Figure 7-9 Connecting a Main Hub to Multiple Base Stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-37

Figure 7-10 Connecting Two Main Hubs to a Simplex Repeater or Base Station . . 7-39 Figure 7-11 Connecting Two Main Hubs to a Duplex Repeater or Base Station . . 7-41

Figure 7-12 Connecting MetroReach to Unison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-43

Figure 7-13 Using a BTS to Monitor Unison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-44

Figure 7-14 Using a BTS and OpsConsole to Monitor Unison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-45

Figure 7-15 Connecting LGCell to Unison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-46

Figure 7-16 Alarm Sense Contacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-46

Figure 7-17 5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-49

Figure 7-18 Alarm Sense Adapter Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-50

Figure 7-19 OA&M Direct Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-51

Figure 7-20 OA&M Modem Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-52

Figure 7-21 OA&M Connection using an RS-232 Port Expander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-53

Figure 7-22 OA&M Connection using a POTS Line Sharing Switch . . . . . . . . . . . 7-54

Figure 7-23 Cascading Line Sharing Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-54

Figure 7-24 OA&M Connection using Ethernet and ENET/232 Serial Hub . . . . . . 7-55

Figure 7-25 Network Interface Unit (NIU) Configuration Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-56

Figure 7-26 Multiple Unison Systems Monitored

by a Single Network Management System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-57

Figure A-1 Wiring Map for Cat-5E/6 Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-2

Figure A-2 Standard Modem Cable Pinout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-3

Figure A-3 DB-9 Female to DB-9 Female Null Modem Cable Diagram . . . . . . . .A-4

Figure A-4 DB-25 Male to DB-9 Female Null Modem Cable Diagram . . . . . . . . .A-5

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List of Tables

Table 1-1 Type Style Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

Table 2-1 AdminManager and OpsConsole Functional Differences . . . . . . . . . . 2-5

Table 2-2 AdminManager and OpsConsole Connectivity Differences . . . . . . . . . 2-6

Table 2-3 System Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13

T able 2-4 InterReach Unison W avelength and Laser Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14

Table 2-5 Environmental Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14

Table 2-6 Operating Frequencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15

Table 2-7 Cellular RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16

T able 2-8 iDEN RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16

Table 2-9 GSM/EGSM RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17

Table 2-10 DCS RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17

T able 2-11 PCS RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-18

Table 2-12 UMTS RF End-to-End Performance** . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-18

Table 2-13 AWS RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-19

Table 3-1 Main Hub Status LED States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5

Table 3-2 Main Hub Port LED States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6

Table 3-3 9-pin D-sub Connector Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8

Table 3-4 Main Hub Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9

Table 4-1 Expansion Hub Unit Status and DL/UL Status LED States . . . . . . . . . 4-4

Table 4-2 Expansion Hub Port LED States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5

Table 4-3 DB-9 Pin Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6

Table 4-4 Expansion Hub Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8

Table 5-1 Frequency Bands covered by Unison RAUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

Table 5-2 Remote Access Unit LED States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4

Table 5-3 Remote Access Unit Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5

Table 6-1 Cellular Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4

Table 6-2 iDEN/SMR Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5

Table 6-3 GSM and EDGE Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6

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Table 6-4 DCS Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-7

Table 6-5 PCS Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-8

Table 6-6 UMTS Power per Carrier** . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-9

Table 6-7 AWS Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-9

Table 6-8 900 MHz Paging/SMR/iDEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-10

Table 6-9 800 MHz Cellular/1900 MHz PCS Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . .6-10

Table 6-10 Coaxial Cable Losses (Lcoax) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-12

Table 6-11 Average Signal Loss of Common Building Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-13

T able 6-12 Estimated Path Loss Slope for Different In-Building Environments .6-14 Table 6-13 Frequency Bands and the Value of the first Term in Equation (3) . . .6-15 Table 6-14 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna

for 800 MHz Cellular Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-15

Table 6-15 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna

for 800 MHz iDEN Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-16

Table 6-16 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna

for 900 MHz GSM Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-16

Table 6-17 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna

for 900 MHz EGSM Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-16

Table 6-18 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna

for 1800 MHz DCS Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-17

Table 6-19 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna

for 1800 MHz CDMA (Korea) Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17

Table 6-20 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna

for 1900 MHz PCS Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-17

Table 6-21 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna

for 2.1 GHz UMTS Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-17

Table 6-22 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna

for 1.7/2.1 GHz AWS Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-18

T able 6-23 System Gain (Loss) Relative to ScTP Cable Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-23

Table 6-24 Link Budget Considerati ons for Narrowband Systems . . . . . . . . . . . .6-25

Table 6-25 Narrowband Link Bud get Anal ysis: Downlink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-27

Table 6-26 Narrowband Link Bud get Anal ysis: Uplink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-28

Table 6-27 Distribution of Po wer wi thin a CDMA Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-29

Table 6-28 Additional Link Budget Considerations for CDMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-30

Table 6-29 CDMA Link Budget An alysis: Do wnlink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-32

Table 6-30 CDMA Link Budget Analysis: Up link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-34

Table 6-31 Frequency Bands Adjacent to System Configured Bands . . . . . . . . . .6-43

T able 6-32 Unison Capacity: Equal Coverage Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-46

Table 7-1 Unison Distance Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-3

Table 7-2 Installation Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-6

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Table 7-3 Tools and Materials Required for Component Installation . . . . . . . . . . 7-9

Table 7-4 Optional Accessories for Component Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-9

Table 7-5 Troubleshooting Main Hub LEDs During Installati on . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-16

Table 7-6 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs During Installation . . . . . . . . 7-22

Table 7-7 Troubleshooting RAU LEDs During Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-26

Table 7-8 Maximum/Minimum Cable Lengths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-30

Table 7-9 Alarm Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-42

Table 7-10 Pin Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-47

T able 7-11 Input Electrical Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-47

T able 7-12 Output Electrical Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-48

Table 9-1 Faults Reported by the Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-6

Table 9-2 Faults Reported by the Expansion Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-10

Table 9-3 Faults Reported by the RAU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-16

Table 9-4 Warnings Reported by the Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-17

Table 9-5 Warnings Reported by the Expansion Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-20

Table 9-6 Warnings Reported by the RAU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-21

Table 9-7 Status Messages Reported by the Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-22

Table 9-8 Status Messages Reported by the Expansion Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-24

Table 9-9 Status Messages Reported by the RAU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-26

Table 9-10 Troubleshooting Main Hub Port LEDs During Normal Operation . . . 9-27 Table 9-11 Troubleshooting Main Hub Status LEDs During Normal Operation . 9-28 Table 9-12 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub Port LEDs

During Normal Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-29

Table 9-13 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub Status LEDs

During Normal Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-30

Table 9-14 Summa ry of Cat-5/5E/6 Cable Wiring Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-31

Table A-1 CAT-5E/6 Twisted Pair Assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-1

Table A-2 DB-9 Female to DB-9 Female Null Modem Cable Pinout . . . . . . . . . . A-4

Table A-3 DB-25 Male to DB-9 Female Null Modem Cable Pinout . . . . . . . . . . . A-5

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x InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual

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SECTION 1 General Information

This section contains the following subsections:

• Section 1.1 Firmware Release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

• Section 1.2 Purpose and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

• Section 1.3 Conventions in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

• Section 1.4 Acronyms in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4

• Section 1.5 Standards Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6

• Section 1.6 Related Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6

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Firmware Release

1.1 Firmware Release

For the latest Firmware Release and associated documentation, access the LGC Wireless customer portal at LGCWireless.com.

1.2 Purpose and Scope

This document describes the InterReach

• Section 2 InterReach Unison System Description This section provides an overview of the Unison hardware and OA&M capabili-

ties. It also contains system specifications and RF end-to-end performance tables.

• Section 3 Unison Main Hub This section illustrates and describes the Main Hub. This section also includes con-

nector and LED descriptions, communication cable (serial and null modem) pin outs, and unit specifications.

• Section 4 Unison Expansion Hub This section illustrates and describes the Expansion Hub, as well as connector and

LED descriptions, and unit specifications.

• Section 5 Unison Remote Access Unit This section illustrates and describes the Remote Access Unit, as well as connector

and LED descriptions, and unit specifications.

• Section 6 Designing a Unison Solution This section provides tools to aid you in designing your Unison system, including

tables of the maximum output power per carrier at the RAU and formulas and tables for calculating path loss, coverage distance, and link budget.

• Section 7 Installing Unison This section contains installation procedures, requirements, safety precautions, and

checklists. The installation procedures include guidelines for troubleshooting using the LEDs as you install the units.

Unison system components.

• Section 8 Replacing Unison Components This section provides installation procedures and considerations when you are

replacing a Unison component in an operating system.

• Section 9 Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance This section contains contact information and troubleshooting tables.

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• Appendix A Cables and Connectors This appendix contains connector and cable descriptions and requirements, as well

as cable pin outs and diagrams. Appendix B Compliance This appendix lists safety and Radio/EMC approvals.

• Appendix C Changes and New Capabilities This appendix contains a hardware/firmware/software compatibility.

• Appendix D Glossary The Glossary provides definitions of commonly-used RF and wireless networking

terms.

1.3 Conventions in this Manual

Table 1-1lists the type style conventions used in this manual.

Conventions in this Manual

Table 1-1 Type Style Convention s

Convention Description

bold Used for emphasis

BOLD CAPS

MALL CAPS AdminManager window buttons

Labels on equipment

Measurements are listed first in metric units, followed by U.S. Customary System of units in parentheses. For example:

0° to 45°C (32° to 113°F)

The following symbols highlight certain information as described.

NOTE: This format emphasizes text with special significance or importance, and provides supplemental information.

1. For Japan, refer to the separate addendum: Japan Specification Document

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Acronyms in this Manual

CAUTION: This format is used when a given action or omitted

action can cause or contribute to a hazardous condition. Damage to the equipment can occur.

WARNING: This format is used when a given action or omitted action can result in catastrophic damage to the equipment or cause injury to the user.

Procedure

This format highlights a procedure.

1.4 Acronyms in this Manual

Acronym Definition

AGC automatic gain control ALC automatic level control AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone Service AWS Advanced Wireless Services BTS base transceiver station Cat-5/6 Category 5 or Category 6 (twisted pair cable) CDMA code division multiple access CDPD cellular digital packet data DAS distributed antenna system dB decibel dBm decibels relative to 1 milliwatt DC direct current DCS Digital Communications System DL downlink EDGE Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution EGSM Extended Global Standard for Mobile Communications EH Expansion Hub GHz gigahertz GPRS General Packet Radio Service

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Acronyms in this Manual

Acronym Definition

GSM Groupe Speciale Mobile (now translated in English as Global Standard

for Mobile Communications) Hz hertz IF intermediate frequency iDEN Integrated Digital Enhanced Network (Motorola variant of TDMA

wireless) LAN local area network LO local oscillator mA milliamps MBS microcellular base station MH Main Hub MHz megahertz MMF multi-mode fiber MTBF mean time between failures NF noise figure nm nanometer OA&M operation, administration, and maintenance PCS Personal Communication Services PLL phase-locked loop PLS path loss slope RAU Remote Access Unit RF radio frequency RSSI received signal strength indicator SC/APC fiber optic connector complying with NTT SC standard, angle-polished SMA sub-miniature A connector (coaxial cable connector type) SMF single-mode fiber ST straight tip (fiber optic cable connector type) ScTP screened twiste d pair TDMA time division multiple access UL uplink; Underwriters Laboratories uW microwatts UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System UPS uninterruptable power supply Wwatt WCDMA wideband code division multiple access

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Standards Conformance

1.5 Standards Conformance

• Utilizes the TIA/EIA 568-A Ethernet cabling standards for ease of installation.

• Refer to Appendix B for compliance information.

1.6 Related Publications

• AdminManager User Manual, LGC Wireless part number 8810-10

• OpsConsole User Manual; LGC Wireless part number 8800-10

• MetroReach Focus Configuration, Installation, and Reference Manual; LGC Wireless part number 8500-10

• LGCell Version 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual; LGC Wireless part number 8100-50

• Neutral Host System Planning Guide; LGC Wireless part number 9000-10

• Unison Release 5.1 Field Note, LGC Wireless FN03-007 (formerly, FN-024)

• Unison Release 5.4 Field Note, LGC Wireless FN04-002

• Unison Release 5.5 Field Note, LGC Wireless FN04-004

• Unison Release 5.6 Field Note, LGC Wireless FN05-001

• Cat-5/5E/6 Cabling Requirements for Unison Family Field Note, LGC Wireless FN04-001.

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SECTION 2 InterReach Unison System

Description

InterReach Unison is an intelligent fiber optic/Cat-5/5E/6 wireless networking system designed to handle both wireless voice and data communications and provide high-quality, ubiquitous, seamless access to the wireless network in any public or private facility, including:

• Campus environments

• Airports

• Office buildings

• Shopping malls

• Hospitals

• Subways

• Public facilities (convention centers, sports venues, and so on.)

Unlike other wireless distribution alternatives, Unison is an intelligent, active system, using microprocessors to enable key capabilities such as software-selectable band settings, automatic gain control, ability to incrementally adjust downlink/uplink gain, end-to-end alarming of all components and the associated cable infrastructure, and a host of additional capabilities.

The Unison system supports major wireless standards and air interface protocols in use around the world, including:

• Frequencies: 800 MHz, 900 MHz, 1700 MHz, 1800 MHz, 1900 MHz, 2100 MHz

• Voice Protocol s: AMPS, TDMA, CDMA, GSM, iDEN,

• Data Protocols: CDPD, EDGE, GPRS, WCDMA, CDMA2000, 1xRTT, EV-DO, and Paging

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Key System Features

• Superior RF performance, particularly in the areas of IP3 and noise figure.

• High downlink composite power and low uplink noise figure for support of a large number of channels and larger coverage footprint per antenna.

• Software configurable Main and Expansion Hubs. Thus, the frequency band can be configured in the field.

• Either single-mode or multi-mode fiber can be used, supporting flexible cabling alternatives (in addition to standard Cat-5, Cat-5E, or Cat-6 screened twisted pair [ScTP]). You can select the cabling type to meet the resident cabling infrastructure of the facility and unique building topologies.

• Extended system “reach.” Using single-mode fiber, fiber runs can be as long as 6 kilometers (creating a total system “wingspan” of 12 kilometers). Alternately, with multi-mode fiber, fiber runs can be as long as 1.5 kilometers. The Cat-5/5E/6 ScTP cable run can be up to 100 meters recommended maximum, or up to 170 meters when using a Cat-5 Extender.

• Flexible RF configuration capabilities, including:

• System gain: – Ability to manually set gain in 1 dB steps, from 0 to 15 dB, on both down-

link and uplink.

•RAU: – RAU uplink and downlink gain can be independently attenuated 10 dB. – Uplink level control protects the system from input overload and can be

optimized for either a single operator or multiple operators/protocols.

– VSWR check on RAU reports if there is a disconnected antenna (all RAUs

except UMTS-1).

• Firmware Updates are downloaded (either locally or remotely) to operating sys-

tems when any modifications are made to the product, including the addition of new software capabilities/services.

• Extensive OA&M capabilities, including fault isolation to the field replaceable

unit, automatic reporting of all fault and warning conditions, and user-friendly graphical-user interface OA&M software packages.

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2.1 System Hardware

The InterReach Unison system consists of three modular components:

• 19" rack-mountable Main Hub (connects to up to 4 Expansion Hubs)

• RF signal conversion to optical on the downlink; optical to RF on the uplink

• Microprocessor controlled (for alarms, monitoring, and control)

• Software configurable band

• Simplex interface to RF source

• System master – periodically polls all downstream units (Expansion Hubs/RAUs) for system status, and automatically reports any fault or warning conditions

• 19" rack-mountable Expansion Hub (connects to up to 8 Remote Access Units)

• Optical signal conversion to electrical on the downlink; electrical to optical on the uplink

• Microprocessor controlled (for alarms, monitoring, and control)

• Software configurable band (based on command from Main Hub)

• Supplies DC power to RAU

System Hardware

• Remote Access Unit (RAU)

• Electrical signal conversion to RF on the downlink; RF to electrical on the uplink

• Microprocessor controlled (for alarms, monitoring, and control)

• Protocol/band specific units

The minimum configuration of a Unison system is one Main Hub, one Expansion Hub, and one RAU (1-1-1). The maximum configuration of a system is one Main Hub, four Expansion Hubs, and 32 RAUs (1-4-32). You can combine multiple systems to provide larger configurations.

Figure 2-1 Unison System Hardware

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System OA&M Capabilities

2.2 System OA&M Capabilities

The InterReach Unison is microprocessor controlled and contains firmware which enables much of the OA&M functionality.

Complete alarming, down to the field replaceable unit (that is, Main Hub, Expansion Hub, Remote Access Unit) and the cabling infrastructure, is available. All events occurring in a system, defined as a Main Hub and all of its associated Expansion Hubs and Remote Access Units, are automatically reported to the Main Hub. The Main Hub monitors system status and communicates that status using the following methods:

• Normally closed (NC) or normally open (NO) alarm contacts can be tied to standard alarm monitoring systems or directly to a base station for alarm monitoring.

• The Main Hub’s front panel serial port connects directly to a PC (for local access) or to a modem (for remote access).

Figure 2-2 OA&M Communications

Use AdminManager to configure or monitor a local Unison system. Remotely, Admin Manager can only check system status. It cannot receive modem calls.

Use OpsConsole to monitor and receive communications from remote or local Unison systems.

PC/Laptop running AdminManager or OpsConsole

RS-232 Ethernet

RS-232

SC/APC

Fiber

SC/APC

Expansion Hub

RJ-45

Cat-5/6

RJ-45

Remote Access Unit

RS-232

Main Hub

TCP/IP

Modem

ENET/232

Converter

RS-232

Main Hub

PSTN

Modem

Main Hub

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System OA&M Capabilities

LGC Wireless offers two OA&M packages: AdminManager and OpsConsole. Both run on a PC/laptop.

• AdminManager communicates with one Main Hub, and its downstream units, at a time. Using AdminManager connected locally or remotely, you can configure a newly installed system, change system parameters, perform an end-to-end system test, or query system status.

Refer to the AdminManager User Manual (PN 8810-10) for information about installing and using the AdminManager software.

• OpsConsole lets you manage, monitor, and maintain multiple sites and systems from a centralized remote location. This software is described in the OpsConsole User Guide (PN 8800-10).

Table 2-1 lists the functional differences between AdminManager and OpsConsole.

Table 2-1 AdminManager and OpsConsole Functional Differences

Feature AdminManager OpsConsole

Installation Wizard Yes No Local System Configuration Yes Yes Remote System Configuration Yes Yes Local Firmware Updating Yes No Save unit information in a database No Yes Network view of installed systems Yes Yes Send dispatch message No Yes Monitor multiple units No Yes Scheduled polling No Yes Windows-based GUI application Yes Yes Runs on Windows 98 SE Yes No Runs on Windows 2000 Yes Yes Installation and configuration tool Yes No Operation, Administration, and Management tool No Yes

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System OA&M Capabilities

Table 2-2 lists connectivity differences between AdminManager and OpsConsole.

Table 2-2 AdminManager and OpsConsole Connectivity Differences

Connectivity AdminManager OpsConsole

Direct RS-232 Yes (COM1 through

COM16)

RS-232 Expansion Board Yes, if the expansion port

is in the range of COM1

through COM16 Modem (including RF modem) Yes Yes Ethernet/232 serial hub Yes, if the remote COM

port is in the range of

COM1 through COM16

Line Sharing Switch after POTS Yes Yes

Yes

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System OA&M Capabilities

2.2.1 OA&M Software

2.2.1.1 Configuring, Maintaining, and Monitoring Unison Locally

Each Main Hub, Expansion Hub, and RAU in the system constantly monitors itself and its downstream units for internal fault and warning conditions. The results of this monitoring are stored in memory and compared against new results.

The Expansion Hubs monitor their RAUs and store their status in memory. The Main Hub monitors its Expansion Hubs and stores their status and the status of the RAUs in its memory. When a unit detects a change in status, a fault or warning is reported. Faults are indicated locally by red status LEDs, and both faults and warnings are reported to the Main Hub and displayed on a PC/laptop, using the Main Hub’s serial port, that is running the AdminManager software. Passive antennas connected to the RAUs are not monitored automatically. Perform the System Test in order to retrieve status information about antennas.

Using AdminManager locally, you can install a new system or new components, change system parameters, and query system status. Figure 2-3 illustrates how the system reports its status to AdminManager.

PC/Laptop

running

AdminManager

Use AdminManager to query units for their status or to get current fault or warning conditions.

Figure 2-3 Local System Monitoring and Reporting

The Main Hub checks its own status and queries each Expansion Hub for its status, which includes RAU status.

Main

Hub

The Main Hub queries status of each Expansion Hub and each RAU and compares it to previously stored status.

• If a fault is detected, LEDs on the front panel turn red.

The Expansion Hub queries its own status and polls each RAU for its status.

Expansion

Hub

The Expansion Hub queries status of each RAU and compares it to previously stored status.

• If a fault is detected, LEDs on the front panel turn red.

RAU

Each RAU passes its status to the Expansion Hub.

• If a fault is detected, the ALARM LED is red. If no fault is detected, the LED is green.

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System OA&M Capabilities

2.2.1.2 Monitoring and Maintaining Unison Remotely

• Using AdminManager Remotely

You can use AdminManager remotely to call into the Main Hub and query current status, change parameters, or command system end-to-end test. You cannot use AdminManager to continuously monitor system state changes.

• Using OpsConsole Remotely

When monitoring the system remotely, any change of state within the system causes the Main Hub to initiate an automatic call-out and report the system status to the OpsConsole. The Main Hub calls out three times, each with a 45 second interval. If the call is not acknowledged in these three tries, the Main Hub waits 15 minutes and continues the above sequence until the call is acknowledged.

Refer to the OpsConsole User Manual (PN 8800-10) for more information about using OpsConsole for remote system monitoring.

Figure 2-4 illustrates how the system reports its status to AdminManager and the OpsConsole.

Figure 2-4 Remote System Monitoring and Reporting

The Main Hub checks its own status and queries each Expansion Hub for its status, which includes RAU status.

PSTN

Modem

running

OpsConsole

Use OpsConsole to communicate with one or more remotely or locally installed systems.

If a fault or warning condition is reported, the OpsConsole graphical user interface indicates the problem. OpsConsole can also send an e-mail and/or page notification to designated recipients.

Modem

The Main Hub queries status of each Expansion Hub and each RAU and compares it to previously stored status.

• If a fault is detected, LEDs on the front panel turn red.

Main

Hub

The Expansion Hub queries its own status and polls each RAU for its status.

Expansion

Hub

The Expansion Hub queries status of each RAU and compares it to previously stored status.

• If a fault is detected, LEDs on the front panel turn red.

RAU

Each RAU passes its status to the Expansion Hub.

• If a fault is detected, the ALARM LED lights red. If no fault is detected, the LED is green.

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2.2.2 Using Alarm Contacts

You can connect the DB-9 female connector on the rear panel of the Main Hub to a local base station or to a daisy-chained series of Unison, LGCell, and/or MetroReach Focus systems.

• When you connect MetroReach Focus or a BTS to Unison, the Unison Main Hub is the output of the alarms (alarm source) and MetroReach Focus or the BTS is the input (alarm sense). This is described in Section 7.7.1 on page 7-43. The following figure shows using MetroReach Focus as the input of Unison contact closures.

Figure 2-5 Alarm Source

Unison Main Hub

System OA&M Capabilities

MetroReach

Focus

RFM

RF OUT

DOWNLINK

9-pin Adapter

FIBER

RF IN

UPLINK

Alarm Source

5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable

Alarm

ALARM

Sense

RS-232C

• When you connect LGCell to Unison, the Unison Main Hub is the input of the alarms (alarm sense) and LGCell is the output (alarm source). This is described in Section 7.7 .2 on page 7-46

UPLINK DOWNLINK

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System OA&M Capabilities

Figure 2-6 Alarm Sense.

Up to 5 LGCell Main HubsUnison Main Hub

Alarm Sense

Alarm Sense Adapter Cable

5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable

Alarm Source

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2.3 System Connectivity

The double star architecture of the Unison system, illustrated in Figure 2-7, provides excellent system scalability and reliability. The system requires only one pair of fibers for eight antenna points. This makes any system expansion, such as adding an extra antenna for additional coverage, potentially as easy as pulling an extra twisted pair.

Figure 2-7 Unison’s Double Star Architecture

PORT 1 PORT 2 PORT 3 PORT 4

System Connectivity

RS-232

Main Hub

Fiber

Expansion Hub

Cat-5/5E/6Cat-5/5E/6 Cat-5/5E/6

RAU RAU RAU

up to 8 RAUs per Expansion Hub

Expansion Hub

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System Operation

2.4 System Operation

Figure 2-8 Downlink (Base Station to Wireless Devices)

The Main Hub receives downlink RF signals from a base station using coaxial cable.

Main Hub

The Main Hub converts the RF signals to IF, then to optical signals and sends them to Expansion Hubs (up to four) using optical fiber cable.

The Expansion Hub converts the optical sig-

Expansion Hub

nals to electrical signals and sends them to RAUs (up to eight) using Cat-5/5E/6 ScTP

RAU

The RAU converts the IF signals to RF and sends them to passive antennas using coaxial cable.

Main Hub

The Main Hub sends uplink RF signals to a base station via coaxial cable.

Figure 2-9 Uplink (Wireless Devices to Base Station)

Expansion Hub

The Expansion Hub receives the IF signals

The Main Hub receives the optical signals from the Expansion Hubs (up to four) via optical fiber cable and converts them to RF signals.

from the RAUs (up to eight) via Cat-5/5E/6 ScTP cable and converts them to optical

RAU

The RAU receives uplink RF signals from the passive antenna via coaxial cable and converts them to IF signals.

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System Specifications

2.5 System Specifications

Table 2-3 System Specifications

Parameter Main Hub Expansion Hub Remote Access Unit

RF Connectors 2 N-type, female 8 shielded RJ-45, female

(Cat-5/5E/6)

External Alarm Connector

1 9-pin D-sub, female 1 9-pin D-sub, female

(UNS-EH-2 only)

(contact closure) Serial Interface Con-

1 RS-232 9-pin D-sub, male — —

nector Fiber Connectors* 4 Pair, SC/APC 1 Pair, SC/APC — LED Alarm and

Status Indicators

Unit Status (1 pair):

•Power

• Main Hub Status Downstream Unit Status

(1 pair per fiber port):

•Link

• E-Hub/RAU

Unit Status (1 pair):

•Power

• E-Hub Status Fiber Link Status (1 pair):

•DL Status

•UL Status RAU/Link Status

(1 pair per RJ-45 port):

•Link

•RAU

AC Power (Volts)** Rating: 100–240V, 0.5A,

50–60 Hz Operating Range: 85–250V,

2.4–0.8A, 47–63 Hz

Rating: 115/230V, 5/2.5A, 50–60 Hz

Operating Range: 90–132V/170–250V auto-ranging,

2.2–1.5A/1.2–0.8A, 47–63 Hz DC Power (Volts) — — 36V (from the Expansion Hub) Power Consumption

(W)**

30 4 RAUs: 120 typ/148 max

4 RAUs & 4 Extenders:

137 typ/172 max 8 RAUs: 170 typ/212 max 8 RAUs & 8 Extenders:

204 typ/260 max

Enclosure Dimensions†

× width ×

(height depth)

44.5 mm × 438 mm × 305 mm (1.75 in. × 17.25 in. × 12 in.)

I U

89 mm × 438 mm × 305 mm (3.5 in. × 17.25 in. × 12 in.)

2 U

Weight < 3 kg (< 6.5 lb) < 5 kg (< 11 lb) < 1 kg (< 2 lb) MTBF 106,272 hours 92,820 hours 282,207 hours

1 shielded RJ-45, female (Cat-5/5E/6)

1 SMA, male (coaxial) —

Unit Status (1 pair):

•Link

•Alarm

—

16 max (from Expansion Hub)

44 mm × 305 mm × 158 mm (1.7 in. × 12 in. × 6.2 in.)

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System Specifications

*It is critical to system performance that only SC/APC fiber connectors are used throughout the fiber network, including fiber distribution panels. ** For Japan, see separate addendum †Excluding angle-brackets for 19'' rack mounting of hubs. Note: Expansion Hub typical power consumption assumes that the Cat-5/6 cable length is no more than 100 meters without a Cat-5 Extender and

no more than 170 meters with a Cat-5 Extender.

– Japan Specification Document.

2.5.1 InterReach Unison Wavelength and Laser Power

Table 2-4 shows wavelength and laser power according to UL testing per IEC 60 825-1.

Table 2-4 InterReach Unison Wavelength and Laser Power

Measured Output Power

Wavelength

Main Hub Expansion Hub

1310 nm ±20 nm 458 uW 1.8 mW

2.5.2 Environmental Specifications

Table 2-5 Environmental Specifications

Parameter Main Hub and Expansion Hub RAU

Operating Temperature 0° to +45°C (+32° to +113°F) –25° to +45°C (–13° to +113°F) Non-operating Temper ature –20° to +85°C (–4° to +185°F) –25° to +85°C (–13° to +185°F) Operating Humidity; non-condensing 5% to 95% 5% to 95%

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2.5.3 Operating Frequencies

Table 2-6 Operating Frequencies

Freq. Band

PCS PCS6 A, D & B Band

PCS PCS7 D,B,E & F Band

PCS PCS8 E, F & C Band

PCS PCS9 A4/A5/D/B/E 1935-1970 1855-1890 PCS PCS10 A5/D/B/E/F 1940-1975 1860-1895 PCS PCS11 D/B/E/F/C2 1945-1982.5 1865-1902.5 PCS PCS12 B4/B5/E/F/C 1955-1990 1875-1910 DCS DCS1 DCS1 Band 1805–1842.5 1710–1747.5 DCS DCS2 DCS2 Band 1842.5–1880 1747.5–1785 DCS DCS4 DCS4 Band 1815–1850 1720–1755 Cellular CELL – 869–894 824–849 iDEN iDEN – 851–869 806–824 UMTS UMTS1 – 2110–2145 1920–1955 UMTS UMTS2 – 2125–2160 1935–1970 UMTS UMTS3 – 2135–2170 1945–1980 UMTS UMTS1 Japan 2110–2130 1920–1940 UMTS UMTS2 Japan 2130–2150 1940–1960 UMTS UMTS 3 Japan 2150–2170 1960–1980 AWS AWS1 – 2110-2145 1710-1745 AWS AWS2 – 2120-2155 1720-1755

Unison Band Description

System Specifications

RF Passband

Downlink (MHz) Uplink (MHz)

1930–1965 1850–1885

(35 MHz)

1945–1975 1865–1895

(30 MHz)

1965–1990 1885–1910

(25 MHz)

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System Specifications

2.5.4 RF End-to-End Performance

Table 2-7 through Table 2-12 list the RF end-to-end performance of each protocol when using 2 km of single-mode fiber or 1 km of multi-mode fiber.

Cellular 800 MHz

Table 2-7 Cellular RF End-to-End Performance

2 km of SMF 1 km of MMF

Typical Typical

Parameter

A verage gain with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6 at 25°C (77°F)*

Downlink Uplink Downlink Uplink

15 dB 15 dB 15 dB 15 dB Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6 3 dB 3.5 dB 3 dB 3.5 dB Output IP3 40 dBm 37 dBm Input IP3 –7 dBm –10 dBm Output 1 dB Compression Point 27 dBm 27 dBm Noise Figure with 1 MH – 1 EH – 8 RAUs configuration 15 dB 15 dB Noise Figure with 1 MH – 4 EHs – 32 RAUs configuration 21 dB 21 dB

*The system gain is adjustable in 1 dB steps from 0 to 15 dB, and the gain of each RAU can be attenuated 10 dB in one step.

iDEN 800 MHz

Table 2-8 iDEN RF End-to-End Performance

2 km of SMF 1 km of MMF

Typical Typical

Parameter

A verage gain with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6 at 25°C (77°F)* Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6 2 dB 3 dB 2 dB 3 dB Output IP3 38 dBm 38 dBm Input IP3 –7 dBm –10 dBm Output 1 dB Compression Point 26 dBm 26 dBm Noise Figure with 1 MH – 1 EH – 8 RAUs configuration 17 dB 17 dB Noise Figure with 1 MH – 4 EHs – 32 RAUs configuration 23 dB 23 dB

Downlink Uplink Downlink Uplink

15 dB 15 dB 15 dB 15 dB

*The system gain is adjustable in 1 dB steps from 0 to 15 dB, and the gain of each RAU can be attenuated 10 dB in one step.

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GSM/EGSM 900 MHz

Table 2-9 GSM/EGSM RF End-to-End Performance

2 km of SMF 1 km of MMF

Typical Typical

System Specifications

Parameter

A verage gain with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6 at 25°C (77°F)*

Downlink Uplink Downlink Uplink

15 dB 15 dB 15 dB 15 dB Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6 3 dB 4 dB 3 dB 4 dB Output IP3 38 dBm 38 dBm Input IP3 –7 dBm –10 dBm Output 1 dB Compression Point 26 dBm 26 dBm Noise Figure with 1 MH – 1 EH – 8 RAU configuration 16 dB 16 dB Noise Figure with 1 MH – 4 EH – 32 RAU configuration 22 dB 22 dB

*The system gain is adjustable in 1 dB steps from 0 to 15 dB, and the gain of each RAU can be attenuated 10 dB in one step.

DCS 1800 MHz

Table 2-10 DCS RF End-to-End Performance

2 km of SMF 1 km of MMF

Typical Typical

Parameter

A verage gain with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6 at 25°C (77°F)* Downlink ripple with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6 2 dB 2 dB Uplink ripple for center 35 MHz of DCS1 and DCS2,

Full band for DCS3 & DCS4 with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6 Uplink gain roll off for Full band of DCS1 and DCS2 with

75 m Cat-5/5E/6 Output IP3 38 dBm 37 dBm Input IP3 –12 dBm –14 dBm Output 1 dB Compression Point 26 dBm 26 dBm Noise Figure with 1 MH – 1 EH – 8 RAU configuration 17 dB 17 dB Noise Figure with 1 MH – 4 EH – 32 RAU configuration 23 dB 23 dB

*The system gain is adjustable in 1 dB steps from 0 to 15 dB, and the gain of each RAU can be attenuated 10 dB in one step. UNS-UMTS-2 has a 1 dB attenuator in the RAU.

Downlink Uplink Downlink Uplink

15 dB 15 dB 15 dB 15 dB

2 dB 2 dB

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System Specifications

PCS 1900 MHz

Table 2-11 PCS RF End- to -End Performance

2 km of SMF 1 km of MMF

Typical Typical

Parameter

A verage gain with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6 at 25°C (77°F)*

Downlink Uplink Downlink Uplink

15 dB 15 dB 15 dB 15 dB Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6 2.5 dB 3 dB 2.5 dB 3 dB Output IP3 38 dBm 36.5 dBm Input IP3 –12 dBm –14 dBm Output 1 dB Compression Point 26 dBm 26 dBm Noise Figure with 1 MH – 1 EH – 8 RAUs configuration

Noise Figure with 1 MH – 4 EHs – 32 RAUs configuration

*The system gain is adjustable in 1 dB steps from 0 to 15 dB, and the gain of each RAU can be attenuated 10 dB in one step.

16 dB 22 dB

UMTS 2.1 GHz

Table 2-12 UMTS RF End-to-End Performance**

2 km of SMF 1 km of MMF

Typical Typical

Parameter

A verage gain with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6 at 25°C (77°F) * Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6 2.5 dB 4 dB 2.5 dB 4 dB Output IP3 37 dBm 36 dBm Input IP3 –12 dBm –12 dBm Output 1 dB Compression Point 26 dBm 26 dBm Noise Figure with 1 MH – 1 EH – 8 RAUs configuration 16 dB 16 dB Noise Figure with 1 MH – 4 EHs – 32 RAUs configuration 22 dB 22 dB

*The system gain is adjustable in 1 dB steps from 0 to 15 dB, and the gain of each RAU can be attenuated 10 dB in one step.

** For Japan, see separate addendum – Japan Specification Document.

Downlink Uplink Downlink Uplink

15 dB 15 dB 15 dB 15 dB

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AWS 1.7/2.1 GHz

Table 2-13 AWS RF End-to-End Performance

2 km of SMF 1 km of MMF

Typical Typical

System Specifications

Parameter

A verage gain with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6 at 25°C (77°F) *

Downlink Uplink Downlink Uplink

15 dB 15 dB 15 dB 15 dB Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6 2 dB 2 dB 2 dB 2 dB Output IP3 38 dBm 36 dBm Input IP3 –12 dBm –14 dBm Output 1 dB Compression Point 26 dBm 26 dBm Noise Figure with 1 MH – 1 EH – 8 RAUs configuration 17 dB 17 dB Noise Figure with 1 MH – 4 EHs – 32 RAUs configuration 23 dB 23 dB

*The system gain is adjustable in 1 dB steps from 0 to 15 dB, and the gain of each RAU can be attenuated 10 dB in one step.

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SECTION 3 Unison Main Hub

The Main Hub distributes downlink RF signals from a base station, repeater, or MetroReach Focus system to up to four Expansion Hubs, which in turn distribute the signals to up to 32 Remote Access Units. The Main Hub also combines uplink signals from the associated Expansion Hubs.

Figure 3-1 Main Hub in a Unison System

Downlink Path: The Main Hub receives downlink RF signals from a base station, repeater, or MetroReach Focus system via

coaxial cable. It converts the signals to IF then to optical and sends them to up to four Expansion Hubs via fiber optic cable. The Main Hub also sends OA&M communication to the Expansion Hubs via the fiber optic cable. The Expansion Hubs, in

turn, communicate the OA&M information to the RAUs via Cat-5/5E/6 cable.

Downlink to Main Hub

Unison Main Hub

Uplink from Main Hub

Uplink Path: The Main Hub receives uplink optical signals from up to four Expansion Hubs via fiber optic cables. It converts the signals to IF then to RF and sends them to a base station, repeater, or MetroReach Focus system via coaxial cable.

The Main Hub also receives status information from the Expansion Hubs and all RAUs via the fiber optic cable.

Downlink from Main Hub

Unison Expansion Hub RAU

Uplink to Main Hub

Figure 3-2 shows a detailed view of the major RF and optical functional blocks of the Main Hub.

Figure 3-2 Main Hub Block Diagram

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Main Hub Front Panel

1 234

3.1 Main Hub Front Panel

Figure 3-3 Main Hub Front Panel

1. Four fiber optic ports (labeled PORT 1, PORT 2, PORT 3, PORT 4)

• One standard female SC/APC connector per port for MMF/SMF input (labeled

UPLINK)

• One standard female SC/APC connector per port for MMF/SMF out put (labeled

2. Four sets of fiber port LEDs (one set per port)

• One LED per port for port link status (labeled

• One LED per port for downstream unit status (labeled

3. One set of unit status LEDs

• One LED for unit power status (labeled

• One LED for unit status (labeled

4. One 9-pin D-sub male connector for system communication and diagnostics using

a PC/laptop or modem (labeled

DOWNLINK)

LINK)

E-HUB/RAU)

POWER)

MAIN HUB STATUS)

RS-232)

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3.1.1 Optical Fiber Uplink/Downlink Ports

The optical fiber uplink/downlink ports transmit and receive optical signals between the Main Hub and up to four Expansion Hubs using industry-standard SMF or MMF cable. There are four fiber ports on the front panel of the Main Hub; one port per Expansion Hub. Each fiber port has two female SC/APC connectors:

• Optical Fiber Uplink Connector

This connector (labeled an Expansion Hub.

• Optical Fiber Downlink Connector

This connector (labeled nals to an Expansion Hub.

CAUTION: To avoid damaging the Main Hub’s fiber connector ports, use only SC/APC fiber cable connectors when using either single-mode

or multi-mode fiber. Additionally, it is critical to system performance that only SC/APC fiber connectors are used throughout the fiber network, including fiber distribution panels.

UPLINK) is used to receive the uplink optical signals from

DOWNLINK) is used to transmit the downlink optical sig-

Main Hub Front Panel

3.1.2 Communications RS-232 Serial Connector

Remote Monitoring

Use a standard serial cable to connect a modem to the 9-pin D-sub male serial connector for remote monitoring or configuring. The cable typically has a DB-9 female and a DB-25 male connector. Refer to Appendix A.4 on page A-3 for the cable pinout.

Local Monitoring

Use a null modem cable to connect a laptop or PC to the 9-pin D-sub male serial connector for local monitoring or configuring. The cable typically has a DB-9 female connector on both ends. Refer to Appendix A.5 on page A-4 for the cable pinout.

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Main Hub Front Panel

3.1.3 LED Indicators

The unit’s fron t panel LEDs ind icate faults and command ed or f ault locko uts. The LEDs do not indicate warnings or whether the system test has been performed. Only use the LEDs to provide basic information or as a backup when you are not using AdminManager.

Upon power up, a Main Hub goes through a five-second test to check the LED lamps. During this time, the LEDs blink through the states shown in Table 3-2, letting you visually verify that the LED lamps and the firmware are functioning properly.

Main Hubs ship without a band programmed into them. After the equipment is installed, cables connected, and powered up, an unprogrammed Main Hub LEDs displays as follows:

•

MAIN HUB STATUS LED: Red

•

LINK LED: Green

•

E-HUB/RAU LED: Red

If the LEDs do not display as above, refer to Table 3-1 on page 3-5, Table 3-2 on page 3-6, and/or Sect ion 9 for troubleshooting using the LEDs.

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POWER MAIN HUB STATUS

Main Hub Front Panel

Unit Status LEDs

The Main Hub status LEDs can be in one of the states shown in Table 3-1. These LEDs can be:

steady green steady red blinking green/red (alternating green/red)

There is no off state when the unit’s power is on.

NOTE: AdminManager or OpsConsole must be used for troubleshooting the system. Only use LEDs as backup or for confirmation. However, if there are communications problems within the system, the LEDs may provide additional information that is not available using AdminManager.

Table 3-1 Main Hub Status LED States

LED State Indicates

Green Green

Green Red

Green Alternating

Green/Red Red Red

• The Main Hub is connected to power and all power supplies are operating.

• The Main Hub is not reporting a fault; but the system test may need to be performed or a warning could exist (use AdminManager to determine).

• The Main Hub is connected to power and all power supplies are operating.

• The Main Hub is reporting a fault or lockout condition, or the band is not programmed.

• The Main Hub is connected to power and all power supplies are operating.

• The Main Hub input signal level is too high.

• One or more power supplies in the hub are out-of-specification.

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Main Hub Front Panel

LINK E-HUB/RAU

Port LEDs

The Main Hub has one pair of fiber port LEDs for each of the four fiber optic ports. The LED pairs can be in one of the states shown in Table 3-2. These LEDs can be:

off steady green steady red

The port LEDs indicate the status of the Expansion Hub and RAUs; however, they do not indicate which particular unit has a fault (that is, the Expansion Hub vs. one of its RAUs).

Table 3-2 Main Hub Port LED States

LED State Indicates

Off Off

Green Green

Red Off

Green Red

• The Expansion Hub is not connected.

• The Expansion Hub is connected, communications are normal.

• There are no faults from Expansion Hub or any connected RAU.

• There was a loss of communications with the Expansion Hub.

• The Expansion Hub is disconnected.

• The Expansion Hub is connected.

• A fault or lockout was reported by the Expansion Hub or any connected RAU.

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Main Hub Rear Panel

3.2 Main Hub Rear Panel

Figure 3-4 Main Hub Rear Panel

1 2 3 4 5

1. Power On/Off switch

2. AC power cord connector

3. Fan exhaust vent

4. One 9-pin D-sub female connector for alarm contact monitoring (labeled DIAGNOSTIC 1)

5. Two N-type, female connectors:

• Downlink (labeled

• Uplink (labeled

DOWNLINK)

UPLINK)

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Main Hub Rear Panel

3.2.1 Main Hub Rear Panel Connectors

3.2.1.1 9-pin D-sub Connector

The 9-pin D-sub connector (labeled DIAGNOSTIC 1) provides contacts for fault and warning system alarm monitoring.

Table 3-3 lists the function of each pin on the 9-pin D-sub connector.

Table 3-3 9-pin D-sub Connector Functions

Pin Function

1 Alarm Input Ground 2 Reserved 3 Reserved 4 Warning Contact (positive connection) 5 Warning Contact (negative connection) 6 DC Ground (common) 7 Fault Contact (positive connection) 8 Alarm Input 9 Fault Contact (negative connection)

This interface can both generate contact alarms and sense a single external alarm contact.

3.2.1.2 N-type Female Connectors

There are two N-type female connectors on the rear panel of the Main Hub:

• The

DOWNLINK connector receives downlink RF signals from a repeater, local

base station, or MetroReach Focus system.

• The

UPLINK connector transmits uplink RF signals to a repeater, local base sta-

tion, or MetroReach Focus system.

CAUTION:The UPLINK and DOWNLINK ports cannot handle a DC power feed from the base station. If DC power is present, a DC block must be used or the hub may be damaged.

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3.3 Main Hub Specifications

Table 3-4 Main Hub Specifications

Specification** Description

Enclosure Dimensions (H

Weight < 3 kg (< 6.5 lb) Operating Temperature** 0° to +45°C (+32° to +113°F) Non-operating Temperature** –20° to +85°C (–4° to +185°F) Operating Humidity, non-condensing 5% to 95% External Alarm Connector

(contact closure)

Serial Interface Connector 1 RS-232 9-pin D-sub, male Fiber Connectors RF Connectors 2 N-type, female LED Fault and Status Indicators Unit Status (1 pair):

AC Power Rating: 100–240V, 0.5A, 50–60 Hz

Power Consumption (W) 30 MTBF 106,272 hours

× W × D): 44.5 mm × 438 mm × 305 mm (1.75 in. × 17.25 in. × 12 in.)

1 U

1 9-pin D-sub, female Maximum: 40 mA @ 40V DC Typical: 4 mA @ 12V DC

4 Pair, SC/APC

•Power

• Main Hub Status Downstream Unit/Link Stat us (1 pair per fiber port):

•Link

• E-Hub/RAU

Operating Range: 85–250V, 2.4–0.8A, 47–63 Hz

Main Hub Specifications

a. It is critical to system performance that only SC/APC fiber connectors are used throughout the fiber network, including

fiber distribution panels.

** For Japan, refer to separate addendum - Japan Specification Document.

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Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages

3.4 Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages

3.4.1 Description

The Main Hub monitors and reports changes or events in system performance to:

• Ensure that the fiber receivers, amplifiers, and IF/RF path in the Main Hub are

functioning properly.

• Ensure that Expansion Hubs and Remote Access Units are connected and function-

ing properly.

An event is classified as a fault, warning, or status message.

• Faults are service impacting.

• Warnings indicate a possible service impact.

• Status messages are generally not service impacting.

The Main Hub periodically queries attached Expansion Hubs and their Remote Access Units for their status. Both faults and warnings are reported to a connected PC/laptop running the AdminManager software or to the optional remote OpsConsole. Only faults are indicated by LEDs.

For more information, refer to:

• page 9-6 for Main Hub faults.

• page 9-17 for Main Hub warnings.

• page 9-22 for Main Hub status messages.

• page 9-27 for troubleshooting Main Hub LEDs.

3.4.2 View Preference

AdminManager 2.04 or higher allows you to select what type of events to be displayed.

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Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages

To modify the setting, select View J Preference and select the desired choice. You can change the setting either while connected to a system or offline. If there is a connection to a system, after the you click

OK, AdminManager refreshes and updates the

tree view according to the new setting. Note that the setting is strictly visual and only in AdminManager. There is no affect on the hardware itself. The same setting is carried with AdminManager and applied to any hardware AdminManager is connected to. By default, event filtering is set to “Enable viewing of Faults only”.

The only exception when the vent filtering is ignored is during the Install/Configure command. All events are displayed regardless of the event filtering setting. This ensures a smooth installation.

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Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages

This page is intentionally left blank.

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SECTION 4 Unison Expansion Hub

The Expansion Hub interfaces between the Main Hub and the Remote Access Unit(s) by converting optical signals to electrical signals and vice versa. It also supplies control signals and DC power to operate the Remote Access Unit(s) as well as passes status information from the RAUs to the Main Hub.

Figure 4-1 Expansion Hub in a Unison System

Downlink Path: The Expansion Hub receives downlink optical signals from the Main Hub via fiber optic cable. It converts

the signals to electrical and sends them to up to eight Remote Access Units (RAUs) via Cat-5/5E/6 cables. Also, the Expansion Hub receives configuration information from the Main Hub via the fiber optic cable and relays it to the

RAUs via the Cat-5/5E/6 cable.

Downlink to Expansion Hub

Unison Main Hub

Uplink from Expansion Hub

Uplink Path: The Expansion Hub receives uplink IF signals from up to eight RAUs via Cat-5/5E/6 cables. It converts the signals to optical and sends them to a Main Hub via fiber optic cable.

Also, the Expansion Hub receives RAU status information via the Cat-5/5E/6 cable and sends it and its own status information to the Main Hub via the fiber optic cable.

Figure 4-2 Expansion Hub Block Diagram

From Main Hub

Unison Expansion Hub

Downlink from Expansion Hub

RAU

Uplink to Expansion Hub

To RAU

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Expansion Hub Front Panel

4.1 Expansion Hub Front Panel

1 2 3 4 5

Figure 4-3 Expansion Hub Front Panel

1. Eight standard Cat-5/5E/6 ScTP cable, RJ-45 sh ielded connectors (labeled PORT

, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)

2. Eight sets of RJ-45 port LEDs (one set per port)

• One LED per port for link status (labeled

• One LED per port for downstream unit status (labeled

3. One set of unit status LEDs

• One LED for unit power status (labeled

• One LED for unit status (labeled

4. One set of fiber connection status LEDs

E-HUB STATUS)

• One LED for fiber downlink status (labeled

• One LED for fiber uplink status (labeled

5. One fiber optic port which has two connectors

LINK)

RAU)

POWER)

DL STATUS)

UL STATUS)

• One standard female SC/APC connector for MMF/SMF output (labeled

UPLINK)

• One standard female SC/APC connector for MMF/SMF input (labeled

DOWNLINK)

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4.1.1 RJ-45 Connectors

The eight RJ-45 connectors on the Expansion Hub are for the Cat-5/5E/6 ScTP cables used to transmit and receive signals to and from RAUs. Use shielded RJ-45 connectors on the Cat-5/5E/6 cable.

NOTE: For system performance, it is important to use only Cat-5/5E/6 ScTP (screened twisted pair) cable with shielded RJ-45 connectors.

Cat-5/5E/6 cable also delivers DC electrical power to the RAUs. The Expansion Hub’s DC voltage output is 36V DC nominal. A current limiting circuit protects the Expansion Hub if any port draws excessive power.

4.1.2 Optical Fiber Uplink/Downlink Connectors

The optical fiber uplink/downlink port transmits and receives optical signals between the Expansion Hub and the Main Hub using industry-standard SMF or MMF cable. The fiber port has two female SC/APC connectors:

• Optical Fiber Uplink Connector

This connector (labeled to the Main Hub.

UPLINK) is used to transmit (output) uplink optical signals

Expansion Hub Front Panel

• Optical Fiber Downlink Connector

This connector (labeled nals from the Main Hub.

CAUTION: To avoid damaging the Expansion Hub’s fiber connector ports, use only SC/APC fiber cable connectors. Additionally, use only SC/APC fiber connectors throughout the fiber network, including fiber

distribution panels. This is critical for ensuring system performance.

4.1.3 LED Indicators

The unit’s fr ont panel LEDs indicat e fault condition s and commanded or fault lockouts. The LEDs do not indicate warnings or whether the system test has been performed. Only use the LEDs to provide basic information or as a b ackup when you are not usi ng AdminManager.

Upon power up, the Expansion Hub goes through a five-second test to check the LED lamps. During this time, the LEDs blink through the states shown in Table 4-2, letting you visually verify that the LED lamps and the firmware are functioning properly.

NOTE: Refer to Section 9 for troubleshooting using the LEDs.

DOWNLINK) is used to receive (input) downlink optical sig-

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Expansion Hub Front Panel

POWER

E-HUB STATUS

POWER

E-HUB STATUS

POWER

E-HUB STATUS

POWER

E-HUB STATUS

POWER

E-HUB STATUS

DL STATUS UL STATUS

Unit Status and DL/UL Status LEDs

The Expansion Hub unit status and DL/UL status LEDs can be in one of the states shown in Table 4-1. These LEDs can be:

steady green steady red

There is no off state when the unit’s power is on.

Table 4-1 Expansion Hub Unit Status and DL/UL Status LED States

LED State Indicates

Green / Green Green / Green

Green / Green Red / Green

Green / Red Red / Green

Green / Green Red / Red

Green / Red Red / Red

• The Expansion Hub is connected to power and all power supplies are operating.

• The Expansion Hub is not reporting a fault or lockout condition; but the system test may need to be performed or a warning condition could exist (use AdminManager to determine this).

• Optical power in is above minimum (the Main Hub is connected) although the cable optical loss may be greater than recommended maximum.

• Optical power out (uplink laser) is normal and communications with the Main Hub are normal.

• Optical power in is above minimum (the Main Hub is connected) although the cable optical loss may be greater than recommended maximum.

• Optical power out (uplink laser) is normal and communications with the Main Hub are normal.

• The Expansion Hub is reporting a fault or commanded lockout.

• A fault condition was detected, optical power in is below minimum. (the Main Hub is not connected, is not powered, or the Main Hub’s downlink laser has failed, or the downlink fiber is disconnected or damaged.)

• The Expansion Hub is reporting a fault condition.

• Optical power in is above minimum (Main Hub is connected) although the cable optical loss may be greater than recommended maximum.

• Optical power out is below minimum (Expansion Hub uplink laser has failed; unable to communicate with Main Hub).

UL STATUS LED

state must be checked within the first 90 seconds after power on. If initially green, then red after 90 seconds, it means that there is no communication with the Main Hub. If red on power up, replace the Expansion Hub.

• Optical power in is below minimum (the Main Hub is not connected, is not powered, or the Main Hub’s downlink laser has failed, or the downlink fiber is disconnected or damaged.)

• Optical power out is below minimum (the Expansion Hub uplink laser has failed; is unable to communicate with the Main Hub).

UL STATUS LED state must be checked within the first 90 seconds

after power on. If initially green, then red after 90 seconds, it means that there is no communication with the Main Hub. If red on power up, the uplink laser has failed, replace the Expansion Hub.

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POWER

E-HUB STATUS

POWER

E-HUB STATUS

LINK RAU

Table 4-1 Expansion Hub Unit Status and DL/UL Status LED States

LED State Indicates

DL STATUS UL STATUS

Green / Red Green / Red

Red/ Red Red/ Red

Port LEDs

The Expansion Hub has one pair of port LEDs for each of the eight RJ-45 ports. The port LEDs can be in one of the states shown in Table 4-2. These LEDs can be:

off steady green steady red

Table 4-2 Expansion Hub Port LED States

LED State Indicates

Off Off

Green Green

Red Off

• The RAU is not connected.

• The RAU is connected.

• No faults from the RAU.

• The RAU was disconnected.

• The RAU is not communicating.

• The RAU port power is tripped.

Expansion Hub Front Panel

• Expansion Hub is in factory test mode, return it to the factory.

• One or more power supplies are out of specification. The hub needs to be replaced.

• 36 VDC is shutdown due to an EH over-temperature condition.

LINK RAU

Green Red

• The RAU is connected.

• The RAU is reporting a fault or lockout condition.

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Expansion Hub Rear Panel

4.2 Expansion Hub Rear Panel

Figure 4-4 Expansion Hub Rear Panel

1. Power on/off switch

2. AC power cord connector

3. Three air exhaust vents

4. DB-9 connector (UNS-EH-2 specific)

Table 4-3 DB-9 Pin Connectors

Pin Connection Signal Name

1N/C N/A 2 +5V through a 10K Ohm resistor. Input to micro controller ALARM3 3 +5V through a 10K Ohm resistor. Input to micro controller ALARM1 4 GND N/A 5 +5V through a 10K Ohm resistor. Input to micro controller) ALARM2 6N/C N/A 7N/C N/A 8 GND N/A 9 GND N/A

This interface can both generate contact alarms and sense a single external alarm contact.

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Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages

4.3 Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages

This interface monitors the output contact closures from a Universal Power Supply (UPS). Verify the output contact closure state (normally closed or normally open) of the UPS, and set the appropriate contact definition using AdminManager.

• Faults are service impacting.

• Warnings indicate a possible service impact.

• Status messages are generally not service impacting.

NOTE: You can select what type of events AdminManager displays. Refer to Section 3.4.2, “View Preference,” on page 3-10.

Both fault and warning conditions of the Expansion Hub and attached RAUs are reported to the Main Hub. Only faults are indicated by LEDs.

For more information, refer to:

• page 9-10 for Expansion Hub faults.

• page 9-20 for Expansion Hub warnings.

• page 9-24 for Expansion Hub st atus messages.

• page 9-30 for troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs.

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Expansion Hub Specifications

4.4 Expansion Hub Specifications

Specification Description

Enclosure Dimensions (H

Weight < 5 kg (< 11 lb) Operating Temperature Non-operating Temperature

Operating Humidity, non-condensing 5% to 95% Cat-5/5E/6 Connectors Fiber Connectors

LED Alarm and Status Indicators Unit Status (1 pair):

AC Power (Volts) (47–63 Hz) Rating: 115/230V, 5/2.5A, 50–60 Hz

Power Consumption (W) 4 RAUs: 120 typical/148 max

MTBF 92,820 hours

Table 4-4 Expansion Hub Sp eci fications

× W × D) 89 mm × 438 mm × 305 mm (3.5 in. × 17.25 in. × 12 in.)

0° to +45°C (+32° to +113°F) –20° to +85°C (–4° to +185°F)

8 shielded RJ-45, female (Cat-5/6) 1 Pair, SC/APC

•Power

• E-Hub Status Fiber Link Status (1 pair):

•DL Status

•UL Status RAU/Link Status (1 pair per RJ-45 port):

•Link

•RAU

Operating Range: 90–132V/170–250V auto-ranging,

2.2–1.5A/1.2–0.8A, 47–63 Hz

4 RAUs & 4 Extenders: 137 typical/172 max 8 RAUs: 170 typical/212 max 8 RAUs & 8 Extenders: 204 typical/260 max

a. It is important that you use only Cat-5/5E/6 ScTP cable with shielded RJ-45 connectors. b. It is critical to system performance that only SC/APC fiber connectors are used throughout the fiber network, including

fiber distribution panels.

c. For Japan, see separate addendum - Japan Specification Document.

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SECTION 5 Unison Remote Access Unit

The Remote Access Unit (RAU) is an active transceiver that connects to an Expansion Hub using industry-standard Cat-5/5E/6 screened twisted pair (ScTP) cable, which delivers RF signals, configuration information, and electrical power to the RAU.

An RAU passes RF signals between an Expansion Hub and an attached passive antenna where the signals are transmitted to wireless devices.

Figure 5-1 Remote Access Unit in a Unison System

Downlink Path: The RAU receives downlink IF signals from an Expansion Hub via Cat-5/5E/6 cable. It converts the sig-

nals to RF and sends them to a passive RF antenna via coaxial cable. Also, the RAU receives configuration information from the Main Hub via the Cat-5/5E/6 cable.

Unison Main Hub

Uplink Path: The RAU receives uplink RF signals from a passive RF antenna via coaxial cable. It converts the signals to IF

and sends them to an Expansion Hub via Cat-5/5E/6 cable. Also, the RAU sends its status information to the Expansion Hub via the Cat-5/5E/6 cable.

Unison Expansion Hub

Downlink to RAU

Uplink from RAU

RAU

Downlink to antenna

Uplink from antenna

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Figure 5-2 Remote Access Unit Block Diagram

Antenna

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Remote Access Unit Connectors

The Unison RAUs are manufactured to a specific band or set of bands. T able 5-1 lists the Unison RAUs, the Unison Band, and the frequency band(s) they cover.

Table 5-1 Frequency Bands covered by Unison RAUs

RF Passband Unison RAU Part Number

Cellular UNS-CELL-1 Cellular 869–894 824–849 DCS UNS-DCS-1 DCS1 1805–1842.5 1710–1747.5

GSM UNS-GSM-1 GSM 925–960 880–915 iDEN UNS-IDEN-1 iDEN 851–869 806–824 PCS UNS-PCS-2 PCS A,D,B 1930–1965 1850–1885

UMTS UNS-UMTS-2 UMTS 1 2110–2145 1920–1955

UNS-J1-UMTS**UMTS 1-Japan 2110–2130 1920–1940

AWS UNS-AWS-1 AWS1 2110-2145 1710-1745

Unison Band

DCS2 1842.5–1880 1747.5–1785 DCS4 1815–1850 1720–1755

PCS D,B,E,F 1945–1975 1865–1895 PCS E,F , C 1965–1990 1885–1910 PCS

A4/A5/D/B/E PCS

A5/D/B/E/F PCS

D/B/E/F/C2 PCS

B4/B5/E/F/C

UMTS 2 2125–2160 1935–1970 UMTS 3 2135–2170 1945–1980

UMTS 2-Japan 2130–2150 1940–1960 UMTS 3-Japan 2150–2170 1960–1980

AWS2 2120-2155 1720-1755

Downlink (MHz) Uplink (MHz)

1935-1970 1655-1890

1940-1975 1860-1895

1945-1982.5 1865-1902.5

1955-1990 1875-1910

** For Japan, see separate addendum - Japan’s Specification Document.

5.1 Remote Access Unit Connectors

5.1.1 SMA Connector

The RAU has one female SMA connector. The connector is a duplexed RF input/output port that connects to a standard passive antenna using coaxial cable.

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LED Indicators

5.1.2 RJ-45 Connector

The RAU has one RJ-45 connector that connects it to an Expansion Hub using Cat-5/5E/6 ScTP cable. Use shielded RJ-45 connectors on the Cat-5/5E/6 cable.

NOTE: For system performance, use only Cat-5/5E/6 ScTP cable with shielded RJ-45 connectors.

5.2 LED Indicators

Upon power up, the RAU goes through a two-second test to check the LED lamps. During this time, the LEDs blink green/green red/red. This lets you visually verify that the LED lamps and the firmware are functioning properly.

NOTE: Refer to Section 9 for troubleshooting using the LEDs.

LINK ALARM

Status LEDs

The RAU status LEDs can be in one of the states shown in Table 5-2. These LEDs can be:

There is no off state when the unit’s power is on.

Table 5-2 Remote Access Unit LED States

LED State Indicates

Off Off

Green Green

Green Red

Red Red

• The RAU is not receiving DC power.

• The RAU is powered and is not indicating a fault condition. Communication with the Expansion Hub is normal; but the system test may need to be performed or a warning condition could exist (use AdminManager to determine).

• The RAU is indicating a fault or lockout condition, but communication with the Expansion Hub is normal.

• The RAU is reporting a fault or lockout condition, and it is not able to communicate with the Expansion Hub.

off steady green steady red

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Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages

5.3 Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages

An event is classified as a fault, warning, or status message.

• Faults are service impacting.

• Warnings indicate a possible service impact.

• Status messages are generally not service impacting.

NOTE: You can select the type of events AdminManager displays. Refer to Section 3.4.2, “View Preference,” on page 3-10.

Both fault and warning conditions are reported to the Expansion Hub where they are stored until the Main Hub queries the system status. Only faults are indicated by LEDs.

For more information, refer to:

• page 9-15 for RAU faults.

• page 9-21 for RAU warnings.

• page 9-26 for RAU status messages.

5.4 Remote Access Unit Specifications

Table 5-3 Remote Access Unit Specifications

Specification** Description

Dimensions (H W e ight < 1 kg (< 2 lb) Operating Temperature** –25° to +45°C (–13° to +113°F) Non-operating Temperature** –25° to +85°C (–13° to +185°F) Operating Humidity, non-condensing 5% to 95% RF Connectors

LED Alarm and Status Indicators Unit Status (1 pair): • Link • Alarm Maximum Heat Dissipation (W) 12.5 typical, 16 max (from Expansion Hub) MTBF 282,207 hours

× W × D) 44 mm × 305 mm × 158 mm (1.7 in. × 12 in. × 6.2 in.)

1 shielded RJ-45, female (Cat-5/6) 1 SMA, male (coaxial)

a. For system performance, it is important that you use only Cat-5/5E/6 ScTP cable with shielded RJ-45 connectors. ** For Japan, see separate addendum - Japan Specification Document.

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RAUs in a Dual Band System

5.5 RAUs in a Dual Band System

A Dual Band Diplexer can be used to connect two RAUs, one that is below 1 GHz and one that is above 1 GHz, for output to a single passive antenna.

Cat-5/6 from Expansion Hub

Antenna

3 ft. coaxial cable

Unison

RAU

Dual Band

Diplexer

Unison

RAU

Refer to the Dual Band Diplexer specifications (LGC PN: 8000-54) for technical information.

An alternative to a diplexer is use dual-port, dual-band antennas shown in Table 5-3.

Figure 5-3 Dual-Port Antenna Configuration

Cat-5/5E/6 from Expansion Hub

Antenna

3 ft. coaxial cable

Unison

RAU

Cat-5/5E/6 from Expansion Hub

3 ft. coaxial cable

Unison

RAU

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SECTION 6 Designing a Unison Solution

Designing a Unison solution is a matter of determining coverage and capacity needs. This requires the following steps:

1. Determine the wireless service provider’s requirements.

This information is usually determined by the service provider:

• Frequency (that is, 850 MHz)

• Band (that is, “A” band in the Cellular spectrum)

• Protocol (that is, TDMA, CDMA, GSM, iDEN)

• Peak capacity requirement (this, and whether or not the building is split into sectors, determines the number of carriers that the system will have to transmit)

• Design goal (RSSI, received signal strength at the wireless handset, that is, –85 dBm)

The design goal is always a stronger signal than the cell phone needs. It includes inherent factors which affect performance (refer to Section 6.4.1 on page 6-24).

• RF source (base station or BDA), type of equipment if possible

2. Determine the power per carrier and input power from the base station or

BDA into the Main Hub: refer to Section 6.1, “Maximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAU,” on page 6-3.

The maximum power per carrier is a function of the number of RF carriers, the carrier headroom requirement, signal quality issues, regulatory emissions requirements, and Unison’s RF performance. Typically, the power per carrier decreases as the number of carriers increases.

3. Determine the in-building environment: refer to Section 6.2, “Estimating RF

Coverage,” on page 6-12.

• Determine which areas of the building require coverage (entire building, public areas, parking levels, and so on.)

• Obtain floor plans to determine floor space of building and the wall layout of the proposed areas to be covered. Floor plans are also useful when selecting antenna locations.

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• If possible, determine the building’s construction materials (sheetrock, metal, concrete, and so on.)

• Determine type of environment – Open layout (for example, a convention center) – Dense, close walls (for example, a hospital) – Mixed use (for example, an office building with hard wall offices and cubi-

cles)

4. Develop an RF link budget: refer to Section 6.4, “Link Budget Analysis,” on

page 6-24.

Knowing the power per carrier, you can calculate an RF link budget. This is used to predict how much propagation loss can be allowed in the system, while still providing satisfactory performance throughout the area being covered. The link budget is a methodical way to derive a “design goal”. If the design goal is provided in advance, the link budget is: allowable RF loss = maximum power per

carrier – design goal.

5. Determine the appropriate estimated path loss slope that corresponds to the

type of building and its layout, and estimate the coverage distance for each RAU: refer to Section 6.2, “Estim ating RF Coverage,” on page 6-12.

The path loss slope (PLS), which gives a value to the RF propagation characteristics within the building, is used to convert the RF link budget into an estimate of the coverage distance per antenna. This helps establish the Unison equipment quantities needed. The actual path loss slope that corresponds to the specific RF environment inside the building can also be determined empirically by performing an RF site-survey of the building. This involves transmitting a calibrated tone for a fixed antenna and making measurements with a mobile antenna throughout the area surrounding the transmitter.

6. Determine the items required to connect to the base station: refer to

Section 6.6, “Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station,” on page 6-37.

Once you know the quantities of Unison equipment you will use, you can determine the accessories (combiners/dividers, surge suppressors, repeaters, attenuators, circulators, and so on.) required to connect the system to the base station.

The individual elements that must be considered in designing a Unison solution are explained in the following sections.

NOTE: Access the LGC Wireless portal at LGCWireless.com for on-line dimensioning and design tools.

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Maximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAU

6.1 Maximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAU

The following tables show the recommended maximum power per carrier out of the RAU SMA connector for different frequencies, formats, and numbers of carriers. These limits are dictated by RF signal quality and regulatory emissions issues. The maximum input power to the Main Hub is determined by subtracting the system gain from the maximum output power of the RAU. System gain is software selectable from 0 dB to 15 dB in 1 dB steps. Additionally , both the uplink and downlink of each RAU gain can be reduced by 10 dB.

When you connect a Main Hub to a base station or repeater, the RF power per carrier usually needs to be attenuated in order to avoid exceeding Unison’s maximum output power recommendations.

Refer to Section 6.7 , “Designing for a Neutral Host System,” on page 6-44 when combining frequencies or protocols on a single Main Hub.

WARNING: Exceeding the maximum input power could cause permanent damage to the Main Hub. Do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time.

NOTE: These specifications are for downlink power at the RAU output (excluding antenna).

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Maximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAU

6.1.1 800 MHz Cellular

Table 6-1 Cellular Power per Carrier

Power per Carrier (dBm)

No. of

Carriers

1 27.0 24.0 27.0 27.0 24.0 24.0 17.0

2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 20 30

Note: Operation at or above these output power levels may prevent Unison from meeting RF performance specifications or FCC Part 15 and EN55022 emissions requirements. Refer to the Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference manual for system design information.

AMPS

2 km SMF/ 1 km MMF

21.0 19.0 14.5 12.5 14.5 12.5 14.0

17.5 16.0 12.5 10.5 12.5 10.5 12.0

14.5 14.0 11.5 9.5 11.5 9.5 11.0

13.0 12.5 10.5 8.5 10.5 8.5 10.0

11.5 11.5 9.5 7.5 9.5 7.5 9.0

10.5 10.5 9.0 7.0 9.0 7.0 8.5

9.5 9.5 8.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.0

9.0 9.0 8.5 6.5 8.5 6.5

8.0 8.5 8.0 6.0 8.0 6.0

8.0 8.0 7.5 5.5 7.5 5.5

7.5 7.5 7.5 5.5 7.0 5.5

7.0 7.5 7.0 5.0 7.0 5.0

6.5 7.0 7.0 5.0 6.5 5.0

6.5 6.5 6.5 4.5 6.0 4.5

6.0 6.5 6.5 4.5 6.0 4.5

5.0 5.5 5.5 3.5 5.0 3.5

3.0 3.5 4.0 2.0 3.0 2.5

TDMA

2 km SMF/ 1 km MMF

GSM

2 km SMF

GSM

1 km MMF

EDGE

2 km SMF

EDGE

1 km MMF

CDMA

2 km SMF/

1 km MMF

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6.1.2 800 MHz iDEN/SMR

Table 6-2 iDEN/SMR Power per Carrier

Maximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAU

Power per Carrier (dBm)

No. of

Carriers

iDEN

2 km SMF/ 1 km MMF

Analog FM

2 km SMF/ 1 km MMF

1 10.0 10.0 10.0 10. 0 10.0

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0

9.0 10.0 10.0 10.0

8.0 10.0 9.5 10.0

7.0 9.5 9.0 9.0

6.5 8.5 8.0 8.5

6.0 8.0 7.5 7.5

5.5 7.0 7.0 7.0

CQPSK

2 km SMF/ 1 km MMF

C4FM

2 km SMF/ 1 km MMF

TAC

2 km SMF/ 1 km MMF

Motient Data

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Maximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAU

6.1.3 900 MHz GSM and EDGE

Table 6-3 GSM and EDGE Power per Carrier

Power per Carrier (dBm)

No. of

Carriers

GSM

2 km SMF

GSM

1 km MMF

EDGE

2 km SMF

EDGE

1 km MMF

1 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0

2 13.0 12.0 13.0 12.0 3 1 1.0 10.0 1 1.0 10.0 4 10.0 9.0 10.0 9.0 5 9.0 8.0 9.0 8.0 6 8.0 7.0 8.0 7.0 7 7.5 6.5 7.5 6.5 8 7.0 6.0 7.0 6.0 9 6.5 5.5 6.5 5.5

10 6.0 5.5 6.0 5.5

11 5.5 5.0 5.5 5.0 12 5.0 4.5 5.0 4.5 13 5.0 4.5 5.0 4.5 14 4.5 4.0 4.5 4.0 15 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 16 4.0 3.5 4.0 3.5

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6.1.4 1800 MHz DCS

Table 6-4 DCS Power per Carrier

Maximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAU

Power per Carrier (dBm)

No. of

Carriers

GSM

2 km SMF

GSM

1 km MMF

EDGE

2 km SMF

EDGE

1 km MMF

CDMA

2 km SMF/1 km MMF

1 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 16.0

2 14.5 14.0 14.5 14.0 13.0 3 12.5 12.0 12.5 12.0 11.0 4 11.5 11.0 11.5 11.0 10.0 5 10.5 10.0 10.5 10.0 9.0 6 9.5 9.0 9.5 9.0 8.0 7 9.0 8.5 9.0 8.5 7.5 8 8.5 8.0 8.0 8.0 7.0

9 8.0 7.5 7.5 7.5 6.5 10 7.5 7.5 7.0 7.0 6.0 11 7.0 7.0 6.5 6.5 5.5 12 6.5 6.5 6.0 6.0 5.0 13 6.5 6.5 6.0 6.0 5.0 14 6.0 6.0 5.5 5.5 4.5 15 5.5 5.5 5.0 5.0 4.0 16 5.5 5.5 5.0 5.0 4.0

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Maximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAU

6.1.5 1900 MHz PCS

Table 6-5 PCS Power per Carrier

Power per Carrier (dBm)

No. of

Carriers

1 23.0 26.0 26.0 23.0 23.0 16.0

2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 20 30

TDMA

2 km SMF/1 km MMF

18.0 15.5 14.0 15.5 14.0 13.0

15.0 13.5 12.0 13.5 12.0 11.0

13.0 12.0 11.0 12.0 11.0 10.0

11.5 11.0 10.0 10.5 10.0 9.0

10.5 10.5 9.0 9.5 9.0 8.0

9.5 10.0 8.5 9.0 8.5 7.5

8.5 9.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 7.0

8.0 8.5 7.5 7.5 7.5

7.5 8.0 7.5 7.0 7.0

7.0 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.5

6.5 7.0 6.5 6.0 6.0

6.5 6.5 6.5 6.0 6.0

6.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.5

5.5 6.0 6.0 5.0 5.0

5.5 5.5 5.5 5.0 5.0

4.5 4.5 4.5 4.0 4.0

2.5 3.0 3.0 2.0 2.0

GSM

2 km SMF

GSM

1 km MMF

EDGE

2 km SMF

EDGE

1 km MMF

CDMA

2 km SMF/1 km MMF

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6.1.6 2.1 GHz UMTS

Table 6-6 UMTS Power per Carrier**

Power per

No. of Carriers

211.0

38.0

46.5

55.0

64.0

73.0

These PPC numbers assume 2 km of SMF or 1 km of MMF. Note: measurements taken with no baseband clipping. Note: Operation at or above these output power levels may prevent Unison from meeting RF

performance specifications or FCC Part 15 and EN55022 emissions requirements. Refer to the Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference manual for system design information.

** For Japan, refer to separate addendum - Japan Specification Document.

Carrier (dBm) WCDMA

2 km SMF/1 km MMF

15.0 max. composite DL

Maximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAU

6.1.7 1.7/2.1 GHz AWS

Table 6-7 AWS Power per Carrier

Power per

No. of Carriers

211.0

38.0

46.5

55.0

64.0

73.0

These PPC numbers assume 2 km of SMF or 1 km of MMF. Note: measurements taken with no baseband clipping. Note: Operation at or above these output power levels may prevent Unison from meeting RF performance specifications or FCC Part 15 and EN55022 emissions requirements. Refer to the Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference manual for system design information.

Carrier (dBm) WCDMA

2 km SMF/1 km MMF

15.0 max. composite DL

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Maximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAU

Table 6-8 900 MHz Paging/SMR/iDEN

Power per Carrier (dBm)

No. of

Carriers

iDEN

2 km SMF 1 km MMF

Analog

2 km SMF

1 km MMF

CQPSK

2 km SMF

1 km MMF

C4FM

2 km SMF 1 km MMF

Mobitex

2 km SMF 1 km MMF

POCSAG/

REFLEX

2 km SMF 1 km MMF

1 17.5 26.0 22.0 26.0 26.0 26.0

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Note: Operation at or above the output power levels may prevent Unison from meeting RF performance specifications or FCC Part 15 and EN55022 emissions requirements. Refer to the Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference manual for system design information.

14.0 19.5 17.0 19.5 19.5 19.5

11.5 16.5 14.5 16.0 16.0 16.0

10.0 13.5 12.5 13.5 13.5 13.5

9.0 12.0 11.0 11.5

8.0 10.5 9.5 10.0

7.0 9.5 9.0 9.0

6.5 8.5 8.0 8.5

6.0 8.0 7.5 7.5

5.5 7.0 7.0 7.0

Table 6-9 800 MHz Cellular/1900 MHz PCS Power per Carrier

Recommended Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU (dBm)

800 MHz Cellular 1900 MHz PCS

TDMA AMPS CDMA TDMA GSM EDGE CDMA

No. of

Carriers

2 km SMF/ 1 km MMF

2 km SMF

2 km

SMF

1 km MMF

2 km

SMF

1 km MMF

2 km SMF/

1 km MMF

1 23.0 26.0 16.0 21.5 24.5 24.5 21.5 21.5 14.5 2 18.0 20.0 13.0 16.5 14.0 12.5 14.0 12.5 11.5 3 15.0 16.5 11.0 13.5 12.0 10.5 12.0 10.5 9.5 4 13.0 13.5 10.0 11.5 10.5 9.5 10.5 9.5 8.5 5 11.5 12.0 9.0 10.0 9.5 8.5 9.0 8.5 7.5 6 10.5 10.5 8.0 9.0 9.0 7.5 8.0 7.5 6.5 7 9.5 9.5 7.5 8.0 8.5 7.0 7.5 7.0 6.0 8 8.5 8.5 7.0 7.0 7.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 5.5 9 8.0 8.0 6.5 7.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

10 7.5 7.0 6.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.5

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Maximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAU

Table 6-9 800 MHz Cellular/1900 MHz PCS Power per Carrier (continued)

Recommended Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU (dBm)

800 MHz Cellular 1900 MHz PCS

TDMA AMPS CDMA TDMA GSM EDGE CDMA

No. of

Carriers

2 km SMF/ 1 km MMF

2 km SMF/

1 km MMF

2 km SMF

2 km

SMF

1 km MMF

2 km

SMF

1 km MMF

2 km SMF/ 1 km MMF

11 7.0 7.0 5.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 5.0 12 6.5 6.5 N/A 5.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.5 13 6.5 6.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.5 4.5 14 6.0 5.5 4.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 4.0 15 5.5 5.5 4.0 4.5 4.5 3.5 3.5 16 5.5 5.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.5 3.5 20 4.5 4.0 3.0

Allowing for Future Capacity Growth

Sometimes a Unison deployment is initially used to enhance coverage. Later, that same system may also need to provide increased capacity. Thus, the initial deployment might only transmit two carriers but need to transmit four carriers later. There are two options for dealing with this scenario:

1. Design the initial coverage with a maxi mum power per carrier for four carriers.

2. Design the initial coverage for two carriers but leave RAU ports on the Expansion

Hubs unused. These ports can be used later if coverage holes are discovered once the power per carrier is lowered to accommodate the two additional carriers.

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Estimating RF Coverage

6.2 Estimating RF Coverage

The maximum power per carrier (based on the number and type of RF carriers that are being transmitted) and the minimum acceptable received power at the wireless device (i.e., RSSI, the design goal) establish the RF link budget, and consequently the maximum acceptable path loss between the antenna and the wireless device.

Figure 6-1 Determining Path Loss between the Antenna and the Wireless Device

Antenna Gain = G

Coax cable loss = Lcoax

RAU

P = power per carrier from the RAU

Distance = d

RSSI = power at the wireless device

(P - L

+ G) – RSSI = PL (1)

coax

The path loss (PL) is the loss in decibels (dB) between the antenna and the wireless device. The distance, d, from the antenna corresponding to this path loss can be calculated using the path loss equations in Section 6.2.1 and in Section 6.2.2.

Coaxial cable is used to connect the RAU to an antenna. The following table lists coaxial cable loss for various cable lengths.

Table 6-10 Coaxial Cable Losses (

Loss at Length of Cable (.195 in. diameter)

0.9 m (3 ft) 0.6 0.8

1.8 m (6 ft) 1.0 1.5

3.0 m (10 ft) 1.5 2.3

800 MHz

(dB)

coax)

Loss at 1900 MHz (dB)

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6.2.1 Path Loss Equation

Indoor path loss obeys the distance power law1 in equation (2):

Estimating RF Coverage

PL = 20log(4πd

f/c) + PLSlog(d/d0) + Χ

where:

• PL is the path loss at a distance, d, from the antenna (the distance between the antenna connected to the RAU and the point where the RF signal decreases to the minimum acceptable level at the wireless device).

• d is the distance expressed in meters.

•d

is usually taken as 1 meter of free-space.

• f is the operating frequency in Hertz.

• c is the speed of light in a vacuum (3.0 × 10

m/sec).

• PLS is the path loss slope and depends on the building “clutter” or environment.

•

is a normal random variable that depends on partition losses inside the build-

ing, and therefore, depends on the frequency of operation.

As a reference, the following table gives estimates of signal loss for some RF barriers.

Table 6-11 Average Signal Loss of Common Building Materials

Partition Type Loss (dB) Frequency (MHz)

Metal wall 26 815 Aluminum siding 20 815 Foil insulation 4 815 Cubicle walls 1.4 900 Concrete block wall 13 1300 Concrete floor 10 1300 Sheetrock 1 to 2 1300 Light machinery 3 1300 General machinery 7 1300 Heavy machinery 11 1300 Equipment racks 7 1300 Assembly line 6 1300 Ceiling duct 5 1300 Metal stairs 5 1300

(2)

1. Rappaport, Theodore S. W ireless Communications, Principles, and Practice. Prentice Hall PTR, 1996.

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Estimating RF Coverage

6.2.2 Coverage Distance

Use equations (1) and (2), on pages 6-12 and 6-13, respectively, to estimate the distance from the antenna to where the RF signal decreases to the minimum acceptable level at the wireless device.

Equation (2) can be simplified to:

PL(d) = 20log(4πf/c) + PLSlog(d) (3)

where PLS (path loss slope) is chosen to account for the building’s environment. Because different frequencies penetrate partitions with different losses, the value of PLS varies depending on the frequency.

Table 6-12 shows the estimated path loss slope (PLS) for various environments that have different “clutter” (that is, objects that attenuate the RF signals, such as walls, partitions, stairwells, equipment racks, and so on.)

Table 6-12 Estimated Path Loss Slope for Different In-Building Environments

Environment Type Example

Open Environment with very few RF obstructions

Moderately Open Environment with low-to-medium amount of RF obstructions

Mildly Dense Environment with medium-to-high amount of RF obstructions

Moderately Dense Environment with medium-to-high amount of RF obstructions

Dense Environment with large amount of RF obstructions

Parking Garage, Convention Center 33.7 30.1

Warehouse, Airport, Manufacturing 35 32

Retail, Office Space with approximately 80% cubicles and 20% hard walled offices

Office Space with approximately 50% cubicles and 50% hard walled offices

Hospital, Office Space with approximately 20% cubicles and 80% hard walled offices

For simplicity, Equation (3), Coverage Distance, can be used to estimate the coverage distance of an antenna connected to an RAU, for a given path loss, frequency, and type of in-building environment.

PLS for 800/900 MHz

36.1 33.1

37.6 34.8

39.4 38.1

PLS for 1800 /1900/2100 MHz

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Estimating RF Coverage

T able 6-13 gives the value of the first term of Equation (3) (that is, (20log(4πf/c)) for various frequency bands.

Table 6-13 Frequency Bands and the Value of the first Term in Equation (3)

Band (MHz)

800 MHz Cellular 824–849 869–894 859 31.1 800 MHz iDEN 806–824 851–869 837.5 30.9 900 MHz GSM 890–915 935–960 925 31.8 900 MHz EGSM 880–915 925–960 920 31.7 1800 MHz DCS 1710–1785 1805–1880 1795 37.5 1900 MHz PCS 1850–1910 1930–1990 1920 38.1

2.1 GHz UMTS 1920–1980 2110–2170 2045 38.7

1.7/2.1 GHz AWS 1710-1755 2110-2155

a. Due to the wide frequency spread between the Uplink and Downlink bands, the mid-band frequency

of the Downlink band was chosen for 1.7/2.1 GHz AWS.

Mid-Band Frequency (MHz) 20log(4πf/c)Uplink Downlink

2132.5

39.0

For reference, T ables 6-14 through 6-20 show the distance covered by an antenna for various in-building environments. The following assumptions were made:

• Path loss Equation (3)

• 6 dBm output per carrier at the RAU output

• 3 dBi antenna gain

• RSSI = –85 dBm (typical for narrowband protocols, but not for spread-spectrum protocols)

Table 6-14 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna

for 800 MHz Cellular Applications

Distance from Antenna

Environment Type

Open Environment 73 241 Moderately Open Environment 63 205 Mildly Dense Environment 55 181 Moderately Dense Environment 47 154 Dense Environment 39 129

Meters Feet

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Estimating RF Coverage

Table 6-15 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna

for 800 MHz iDEN Applications

Distance from Antenna

Facility

Meters Feet

Open Environment 75 244 Moderately Open Environment 64 208 Mildly Dense Environment 56 184 Moderately Dense Environment 48 156 Dense Environment 40 131

Table 6-16 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna

for 900 MHz GSM Applications

Distance from Antenna

Facility

Meters Feet

Open Environment 70 230 Moderately Open Environment 60 197 Mildly Dense Environment 53 174 Moderately Dense Environment 45 148 Dense Environment 38 125

Table 6-17 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna

for 900 MHz EGSM Applications

Distance from Antenna

Facility

Meters Feet

Open Environment 70 231 Moderately Open Environment 60 197 Mildly Dense Environment 53 174 Moderately Dense Environment 45 149 Dense Environment 38 125

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Table 6-18 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna

for 1800 MHz DCS Applications

Distance from Antenna

Estimating RF Coverage

Facility

Meters Feet

Open Environment 75 246 Moderately Open Environment 58 191 Mildly Dense Environment 50 166 Moderately Dense Environment 42 137 Dense Environment 30 100

Table 6-19 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna

for 1800 MHz CDMA (Korea) Applications

Distance from Antenna

Facility

Meters Feet

Open Environment 75 247 Moderately Open Environment 58 191 Mildly Dense Environment 51 167 Moderately Dense Environment 42 138 Dense Environment 30 100

Table 6-20 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna

for 1900 MHz PCS Applications

Distance from Antenna

Facility

Meters Feet

Open Environment 72 236 Moderately Open Environment 56 183 Mildly Dense Environment 49 160 Moderately Dense Environment 40 132 Dense Environment 29 96

Table 6-21 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna

for 2.1 GHz UMTS Applications

Distance from Antenna

Facility

Meters Feet

Open Environment 69 226 Moderately Open Environment 54 176

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Estimating RF Coverage

Table 6-21 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna

for 2.1 GHz UMTS Applications

Distance from Antenna

Facility

Meters Feet

Mildly Dense Environment 47 154 Moderately Dense Environment 39 128 Dense Environment 28 93

a. For Japan, refer to the separate addendum: Japan Specification Document.

Table 6-22

Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna

for 1.7/2.1 GHz AWS Applications

Distance from Antenna

Facility

Open Environment 67 220 Moderately Open Environment 52 172 Mildly Dense Environment 46 150 Moderately Dense Environment 38 125 Dense Environment 28 91

Meters Feet

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6.2.3 Examples of Design Estimates

Example Design Estimate for an 800 MHz TDMA Application

1. Design goals:

• Cellular (859 MHz = average of the lowest uplink and the highest downlink frequency in 800 MHz Cellular band)

•TDMA provider

• 12 TDMA carriers in the system

• –85 dBm design goal (to 95% of the building) — the minimum received power at the wireless device

• Base station with simplex RF connections

2. Power Per Carrier: The tables in Section 6.1, “Maximum Output Power Per

Carrier at RAU,” on page 6-3 provide maximum power per carrier information. The 800 MHz TDMA table (on page 6-4) indicates that Unison can support 12 carriers with a recommended maximum power per carrier of 7.5 dBm. The input power should be set to the desired output power minus the system gain.

3. Building information:

• Eight floor building with 9,290 sq. meters (100,000 sq. ft.) per floor; total 74,322 sq. meters (800,000 sq. ft.).

• Walls are sheetrock construction, suspended ceiling tiles.

• Antennas used will be omni-directional, ceiling mounted.

• Standard office environment, 50% hard wall offices and 50% cubicles.

Estimating RF Coverage

4. Link Budget: In this example, a design goal of –8 5 dBm is used. Suppose 3 dBi

omni-directional antennas are used in the design. Then, the maximum RF propagation loss should be no more than 95.5 dB (7.5 dBm + 3 dBi + 85 dBm) over 95% of the area being covered. It is important to note that a design goal such as

–85 dBm is usually derived taking into account multipath fading and log-normal shadowing characteristics. Thus, this design goal will only be met “on average” over 95% of the area being covered. At any given point, a fade may bring the signal level underneath the design goal.

Note that this method of calculating a link budget is only for the downlink path. For information to calculate link budgets for both the downlink and uplink paths, refer to Section 6.4 on page 6-24.

5. Path Loss Slope: For a rough estimate, Table 6-12, “Estimated Path Loss Slope for

Different In-Building Environments” on page 6 -14, shows that a bu ilding with 50% hard wall offices and 50% cubicles, at 859 MHz, has an approximate path loss slope (PLS) of 37.6. Given the RF link budget of 95.5 dB, the distance of coverage from each RAU will be 52 meters (170.6 ft). This corresponds to a coverage area of 8,494 sq. meters (91,425 sq. ft.) per RAU (r ef e r t o S e c t i on 6.2.1 f o r d e t ails on p a t h loss estimation). For this case we assumed a circular radiatio n patter n, th ough t he actual area covered depends upon the pattern of the antenna and the obstructio ns in the facility.

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Estimating RF Coverage

Equipment Required: Since you know the building size, you can now estimate the Unison equipment quantities that will be needed. Before any RF levels are tested in the building, you can estimate that two antennas per level will be needed. This assumes no propagation between floors. If there is propagation, you may not need antennas on every floor.

a. 2 antennas per floor × 8 floors = 16 RAUs b. 16 RAUs ÷ 8 (maximum 8 RAUs per Expansion Hub) = 2 Expansion Hubs c. 2 Expansion Hubs ÷ 4 (maximum 4 Expansion Hubs per Main Hub) = 1 Main

Hub

Check that the fiber and Cat-5 cable distances are as recommended. If the distances differ, use the tables in Section 6.3, “System Gain,” on page 6-23 to determine system gains or losses. The path loss may need to be recalculated to assure adequate signal levels in the required coverage distance.

The above estimates assume that all cable length requirements are met. If Expansion Hubs cannot be placed so that the RAUs are within the distance requirement, additional Expansion Hubs may need to be placed closer to the required RAUs locations.

An RF Site Survey and Building Evaluation is required to accurately establish the Unison equipment quantities required for the building. The site survey measures the RF losses within the building to determine the actual PLS, which are used in the final path loss formula to determine the actual requirements of the Unison system.

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Estimating RF Coverage

Example Design Estimate for an 1900 MHz CDMA Application

1. Design goals:

• PCS (1920 MHz = average of the lowest uplink and the highest downlink frequency in 1900 MHz PCS band)

•CDMA provider

• 8 CDMA carriers in the system

• –85 dBm design goal (to 95% of the building) — the minimum received power at the wireless device

• Base station with simplex RF connections

2. Power Per Carrier: The tables in Section 6.1, “Maximum Output Power Per

Carrier at RAU,” on page 6-3 provide maximum power per carrier information. The 1900 MHz CDMA table (on page 6-8) indicates that Uni s on can su pport eight carriers with a recommended maximum power per carrier of 6.5 dBm. The input power should be set to the desired output power minus the system gain.

3. Building information:

• 16 floor building with 9,290 sq. meters (100,000 sq. ft.) per floor; total 148,640 sq. meters (1,600,000 sq. ft.).

• Walls are sheetrock construction, suspended ceiling tiles.

• Antennas used are omni-directional, ceiling mounted.

• Standard office environment, 80% hard wall offices and 20% cubicles.

4. Link Budget: In this example, a design goal of –8 5 dBm is used. Suppose 3 dBi

omni-directional antennas are used in the design. Then, the maximum RF propagation loss should be no more than 94.5 dB (6.5 dBm + 3 dBi + 85 dBm) over 95% of the area being covered. It is important to note that a design goal such as

Note that this method of calculating a link budget is only for the downlink path. For information to calculate link budgets for both the downlink and uplink paths, refer to Section 6.4 on page 6-24.

5. Path Loss Slope: For a rough estimate, Table 6-12, “Estimated Path Loss Slope for

Different In-Building Environments” on page 6 -14, shows that a bu ilding with 80% hard wall offices and 20% cubi cl es, at 192 0 MHz, has an ap proxi mat e pat h l oss slope (PLS) of 38.1. Given the RF link budget of 94.5 dB, the distance of coverage from each RAU will be 30.2 meters (99 ft). This corresponds to a coverage area of 2,868 sq. meters (30,854 sq. ft.) per RAU (refer to Sect i o n 6 . 2 . 1 f o r d e t a i l s o n path loss estimation). For this case we assumed a circular radiation pattern , th ough the actual area covered depends upon the patter n of the antenna and the obstruction s in the facility .

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Estimating RF Coverage

6. Equipment Requi red: Since you know the building size, you can now estimate

the Unison equipment quantities needed. Before you test any RF levels in the building, you can estimate that four antennas per level will be needed. This assumes no propagation between floors. If there is propagation, you may not need antennas on every floor.

a. 4 antennas per floor × 16 floors = 64 RAUs b. 64 RAUs ÷ 8 (maximum 8 RAUs per Expansion Hub) = 8 Expansion Hubs c. 8 Expansion Hubs ÷ 4 (maximum 4 Expansion Hubs per Main Hub) = 2 Main

Hubs

Check that the fiber and Cat-5/5E/6 cable distances are as recommended. If the distances differ, use the tables in Section 6.3, “System Gain,” on page 6-23 to determine system gains or losses. The path loss may need to be recalculated to assure adequate signal levels in the required coverage distance.

An RF Site Survey and Building Evaluation is required to accurately establish the Unison equipment quantities required for the building. The site survey measures the RF losses within the building to determine the actual PLS, used in the final path loss formula to determine the actual requirements of the Unison system.

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6.3 System Gain

The system gain can be decreased from 15 dB to 0 dB gain in 1 dB increments and the uplink and downlink gains of each RAU can be independently decreased by

10 dB in one step using Adm inMan ager or OpsConsol e.

6.3.1 System Gain (Loss) Relative to ScTP Cable Length

The recommended minimum lengt h of ScTP cable is 10 meters (33 ft) and the recommended maximum length is 100 meters (328 ft). The system should not be operated with ScTP cable that is less than 10 meters (33 ft) in length, system performance is greatly compromised. If the ScTP cable is longer than 100 meters (328 ft), the gain of the system decreases, as shown in Table 6-23.

Table 6-23 System Gain (Loss) Relative to ScTP Cable Length

Typical change in system gain (dB)

System Gain

ScTP with CAT-5 Extender Downlink Uplink

ScTP Cable Length

800 MHz TDMA/AMPS and CDMA; 900 MHz GSM and EGSM; and iDEN

180 m 110 m / 361 ft –1.0 –0.7 190 m 120 m / 394 ft –3.2 –2.4 200 m 130 m / 426 ft –5.3 –4.1 210 m 140 m / 459 ft –7.5 –5.8 220 m 150 m / 492 ft –9.7 –7.6

1800 MHz GSM (DCS); 1900 MHz TDMA, CDMA, and GSM

180 m 110 m / 361 ft –1.0 –0.7 190 m 120 m / 394 ft –4.0 –2.4 200 m 130 m / 426 ft –6.4 –4.1 210 m 140 m / 459 ft –8.8 –5.8 220 m 150 m / 492 ft –11.3 –7.6

2.1 GHz UMTSa; 1.7/2.1 GHz AWS

180 m 110 m / 361 ft –1.0 –0.7 190 m 120 m / 394 ft –3.2 –2.4 200 m 130 m / 426 ft –5.3 –4.1 210 m 140 m / 459 ft –7.5 –5.8 220 m 150 m / 492 ft –9.7 –7.6

a. For Japan, refer to the separate addendum: Japan Specification Document.

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Link Budget Analysis

6.4 Link Budget Analysis

A link budget is a methodical way to account for the gains and losses in an RF system so that the quality of coverage can be predicted. The end result can often be stated as a “design goal” in which the coverage is determined by the maximum distance from each RAU before the signal strength falls beneath that goal.

One key feature of the link budget is the maximum power per carrier explained in Section 6.1. While the maximum power per carrier is important as far as emissions and signal quality requirements are concerned, it is critical that the maximum signal into the Main Hub never exceed 1W (+30 dBm). Composite power levels above this limit will cause damage to the Main Hub.

WARNING: Exceeding the maximum input power of 1W (+30 dBm) could cause permanent damage to the Main Hub.

NOTE: Visit the LGC Wireless customer portal at LGCWireless.com for the on-line Link Budget Tool.

6.4.1 Elements of a Link Budget for Narrowband Standards

The link budget represents a typical calculation that might be used to determine how much path loss can be afforded in a Unison design. This link budget analyzes both the downlink and uplink paths. For most configurations, the downlink requires lower path loss and is therefore the limiting factor in the system design. It is for this reason that a predetermined “design goal” for the downlink is sufficient to predict coverage distance.

The link budget is organized in a simple manner: the transmitted power is calculated, the airlink losses due to fading and body loss are summed, and the receiver sensitivity (minimum level a signal can be received for acceptable call quality) is calculated. The maximum allowable path loss (in dB) is the difference between the transmitted power, less the airlink losses, and the receiver sensitivity. From the path loss, the maximum coverage distance can be estimated using the path loss formula presented in Section 6.2.1.

Table 6-24 prov ides link budget considerations for narrowband systems.

** For Japan, see separate addendum - Japan Specification Document.

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Link Budget Analysis

Table 6-24 Link Budget Considerations for Narrowband Systems

Consideration Description

BTS Transmit Power The power per carrier transmitted from the base station output Attenuation between

BTS and Unison

This includes all losses: cable, attenuator, splitter/combiner, and so forth. On the downlink, attenuation must be chosen so that the maximum power per carrier going into the

Main Hub does not exceed the levels given in Section 6.1. On the uplink, attenuation is chosen to keep the maximum uplink signal and noise level low enough

to prevent base station alarms but small enough not to cause degradation in the system sensitivity. If the Unison noise figure minus the attenuation is at least 10 dB higher than the BTS noise figure,

the system noise figure is approximately that of Unison alone. Refer to Section 6.6 for ways to independently set the uplink and downlink attenuations between the base station and Unison.

Antenna Gain The radiated output power includes antenna gain. For example, if you use a 3 dBi antenna at the

RAU that is transmitting 0 dBm per carrier, the effective radiated power (relative to an isotropi c radiator) is 3 dBm per carrier.

BTS Noise Figure This is the effective noise floor of the base station input (usually base station sensitivity is this effec-

tive noise floor plus a certain C/I ratio).

Unison Noise Figure This is Unison’s uplink noise figure, which varies depending on the number of Expansion Hubs and

RAUs, and the frequency band. Unison’s uplink noise figure is specified for a 1-1-8 configuration. Thus, the noise figure for a Unison system (or multiple systems whose uplink ports are power combined) is NF(1-1-8) + 10*log(# of Expansion Hubs). This represents an upper-bound because the noise figure is lower if any of the Expansion Hub’ s RAU ports are not used.

Thermal Noise This is the noise level in the signal bandwidth (BW).

Thermal noise power = –174 dBm/Hz + 10Log(BW).

Protocol

Signal Bandwidth

Thermal Noise

TDMA 30 kHz –129 dBm GSM 200 kHz –121 dBm iDEN 25 kHz –130 dBm

Required C/I ratio For each wireless standard, a certain C/I (carrier to interference) ratio is needed to obtain acceptable

demodulation performance. For narrowband systems, (TDMA, GSM, EDGE, iDEN, AMPS) this level varies from about 9 dB to 20 dB.

Mobile Transmit

The maximum power the mobile can transmit (power transmitte d at highest power level setting).

Power Multipath Fade

Margin

This margin allows for a certain level of fading due to multipath interference. Inside buildings there is often one or more fairly strong signals and many weaker signals arriving from reflections and diffraction. Signals arriving from multiple paths add constructively or destructively. This ma rgin accounts for the possibility of destructive multipath interference. In RF site surveys the effect s of multipath fading are typically not accounted for because such fading is averaged out over power level samples taken over many locations.

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Link Budget Analysis

Table 6-24 Link Budget Considerations for Narrowband Systems (continued)

Consideration Description

Log-normal Fade Margin

This margin adds an allowance for RF shadowing due to objects obstructing the direct pa th between the mobile equipment and the RAU. In RF site surveys, the effects of shadowing are partially

accounted for since it is characterized by relatively slow changes in power level. Body Loss This accounts for RF attenuation caused by the user’s head and body. Minimum Received

Signal Level

This is also referred to as the “design goal”. The link budget says that you can achieve adequate cov-

erage if the signal level is, on average, above this level over 95% of the area covered, for example.

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Link Budget Analysis

6.4.2 Narrowband Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application

Table 6-25 Narrowband Link Budget Analysis: Downlink

Line Downlink

Transmitter

a. BTS transmit power per carrier (dBm) 33 b. Attenuation between BTS and Unison (dB) –23 c. Power into Unison (dBm) 10 d. Unison gain (dB) 0 e. Antenna gain (dBi) 3 f. Radiated power per carrier (dBm) 13

Airlink

g. Multipath fade margin (dB) 6 h. Log-normal fade margin with 9 dB std. deviation, 95% area coverage,

87% edge coverage

i. Body loss (dB) 3 j. Airlink losses (not including facility path loss) 19

Receiver

k. Thermal noise (dBm/30 kHz) –129 l. Mobile noise figure (dB) 7 m. Required C/I ratio (dB) 17 n. Minimum received signal (dBm) –105

p. Maximum path loss (dB) +99

• c = a + b

• f = c + d + e

• j = g + h + i

• n = k + l + m

• k: in this example, k represents the thermal noise for a TDMA signal, which has a bandwidth of 30 kHz

• p = f – j – n

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Link Budget Analysis

Table 6-26 Narrowband Link Budget Analysis: Uplink

Line Uplink

Receiver

a. BTS noise figure (dB) 4 b. Attenuation between BTS and Unison (dB) –10 c. Unison gain (dB) 0 d. Unison noise figure (dB) 1-4-32 22 e. System noise figure (dB) 22.6 f. Thermal noise (dBm/30 kHz) –129 g. Required C/I ratio (dB) 12 h. Antenna gain (dBi) 3 i. Receive sensitivity (dBm) –97.4

Airlink

j. Multipath fade margin (dB) 6 k. Log-normal fade margin with 9 dB std. deviation, 95% area coverage,

87% edge coverage

l. Body loss (dB) 3 m. Airlink losses (not including facility path loss) 19

Transmitter

n. Mobile transmit power (dBm) 28

p. Maximum path loss (dB) 106.4

• e: enter the noise figure and gain of each system component (a, b, c, and d) into the standard cascaded noise figure formula

– 1

= F1 + + + ....

sys

where

F = 10 G = 10

(See Rappaport, Theodore S. Wireless Communications, Principles, and Practice. Prentice Hall PTR, 1996.)

(Noise Figure/10) (Gain/10)

F3 – 1

1G2

• i = f + e + g – h

• m = j + k + l

• p = n – m – i

Therefore, the system is downlink limited but the downlink and uplink are almost balanced, which is a desirable condition.

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6.4.3 Elements of a Link Budget for CDMA Standards

A CDMA link budget is slightly more complicated because you must consider the spread spectrum nature of CDMA. Unlike narrowband standards such as TDMA and GSM, CDMA signals are spread over a relatively wide frequency band. Upon reception, the CDMA signal is de-spread. In the de-spreading process the power in the received signal becomes concentrated into a narrow band, whereas the noise level remains unchanged. Hence, the signal-to-noise ratio of the de-spread signal is higher than that of the CDMA signal before de-spreading. This increase is called processing gain. For IS-95 and J-STD-008, the processing gain is 21 dB or 19 dB depending on the user data rate (9.6 Kbps for rate set 1 and 14.4 Kbps for rate set 2, respectively). Because of the processing gain, a CDMA signal (comprising one Walsh code channel within the composite CDMA signal) can be received at a lower level than that required for narrowband signals. A reasonable level is –95 dBm, which results in about –85 dBm composite as shown below.

An important issue to keep in mind is that the downlink CDMA signal is composed of many orthogonal channels: pilot, paging, sync, and traffic. The composite power level is the sum of the powers from the individual channels. Table 6-27 shows an example.

Table 6-27 Distribution of Power within a CDMA Signal

Link Budget Analysis

Channel Walsh Code Number Relative Power Level

Pilot 0 20% –7.0 dB Sync 32 5% –13.3 dB Primary Paging 1 19% –7.3 dB Traffic 8–31, 33–63 9% (per traffic channel) –10.3 dB

This table assumes that there are 15 active traffic channels operating with 50% voice activity (so that the total power adds up to 100%). Notice that the pilot and sync channels together contribute about 25% of the power. When measuring the power in a CDMA signal you must be aware that if only the pilot and sync channels are active, the power level will be about 6 to 7 dB lower than the maximum power level you can expect when all voice channels are active. The implication is that if only the pilot and sync channels are active, and the maximum power per carrier table says that you should not exceed 10 dBm for a CDMA signal, for example, then you should set the attenuation between the base station and the Main Hub so that the Main Hub receives 3 dBm (assuming 0 dB system gain).

An additional consideration for CDMA systems is that the uplink and downlink paths should be gain and noise balanced. This is required for proper operation of soft-handoff to the outdoor network as well as preventing excess interference that is caused by mobiles on the indoor system transmitting at power levels that are not coordinated with the outdoor mobiles. This balance is achieved if the power level transmitted by the mobiles under close-loop power control is similar to the power level transmitted under open-loop power control. The open-loop power control equation is

+ PRX = –73 dBm (for Cellular, IS-95)

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Link Budget Analysis

PTX + PRX = –76 dBm (for PCS, J-STD-008)

where P

is the mobile’s transmitted power and PRX is the power received by the

mobile. The power level transmitted under closed-loop power control is adjusted by the base

station to achieve a certain E ence between these power levels, Δ ated from the RAU, P

= P

downink

= P

downink

+ P + P

downink

uplink

It’s a good idea to keep –12 dB < Δ

(explained in Table 6-28 on page 6-30). The differ-

b/N0

, can be estimated by comparing the power radi-

, to the minimum received signal, P

, at the RAU:

uplink

+ 73 dBm (fo r Cell ular) + 76 dBm (for PCS)

< 12 dB.

Table 6-28 prov ides lin k budget considerations for CDMA systems.

Table 6-28 Additional Link Budget Considerations for CDMA

Consideration Description

Multipath Fade Margin

Power per carrier, downlink

Information Rate This is simply

Process Gain The process of de-spreading the desired signal boosts that signal relative to the noise and interference.

The multipath fade margin can be reduced (by at least 3 dB) by using different lengths of optical fiber (this is called “delay diversity”). The delay over fiber is approximately 5µS/km. If the difference in fiber lengths to Expansion Hubs with overlapping coverage areas produces at least 1 chip (0.8µS) delay of one path relative to the other , then the mu ltipat hs’ signa ls can be resolved and pro cessed independently by the base station’s rake receiver. A CDMA signal traveling through 163 meters of MMF cable is delayed by approximately one chip.

This depends on how many channels are active. For example, the signal is about 7 dB lower if only the pilot, sync, and paging channels are active compared to a fully-loaded CDMA signal. Furthermore, in the CDMA forward link, voice channels are turned off when the user is not speaking. On average this is assumed to be about 50% of the time. So, in the spreadsheet, both the power per Walsh code channel (representing how much signal a mobile will receive on the Walsh code that it is de-spreading) and the total power are used.

The channel power is needed to determine the maximum path loss, and the total power is needed to determine how hard the Unison system is being driven.

The total power for a fully-loaded CDMA signal is given by (approximately):

total power =

voice channel power + 13 dB + 10log

(50%)

= voice channel power + 10 dB

10log10(9.6 Kbps) = 40 dB for rate set 1 10log

(14.4 Kbps) = 42 dB for rate set 2

This gain needs to be included in the link budget. In the following formulas, P

= 10log10(1.25 MHz / 9.6 Kbps) = 21 dB rate set 1

= 10log10(1.25 MHz / 14.4 Kbps) = 19 dB rate set 2

Note that the process gain can also be expressed as 10log

(CDMA bandwidth) minus the information

= process gain:

rate.

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Link Budget Analysis

Table 6-28 Additional Link Budget Considerations for CDMA (continued)

Consideration Description

Eb/No This is the energy-per-bit divided by the received noise and interference. It’s the CDMA equivalent of sig-

nal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This figure depends on the mobile’s receiver and the multipath environment. For example, the multipath delays inside a building are usually too small for a rake receiver in the mobile (or base station) to resolve and coherently combine multipath components. However , if artificial delay can be introduced by, for instance, using different lengths of cable, then the required E

is lower and the mul-

b/No

tipath fade margin in the link budget can be reduced in some cases. If the receiver noise figure is NF (dB), then the receive sensitivity (dBm) is given by:

= NF + Eb/No + thermal noise in a 1.25 MHz band – P

sensitivity

= NF + E

– 113 (dBm/1.25 MHz) – P

b/No

Noise Rise On the uplink, the noise floor is determined not only by the Unison system, but also by the number of

mobiles that are transmitting. This is because when the b ase stat ion at tempts to de-spread a particular mobile’s signal, all other mob ile sign als appear to be noise. Because the noise floor rises as more mobiles try to communicate with a base station, the more mobiles there are, t he more powe r th ey have to transmit . Hence, the noise floor rises rapidly:

noise rise = 10log

(1 / (1 – loading))

where loading is the number of users as a percentage of the theoretical maximum number of users. Typically, a base station is set to limit the loading to 75%. This noise ratio must be included in the link

budget as a worst-case condition for uplink sensitivity. If there are less users than 75% of the maximum, then the uplink coverage will be better than predicted.

Hand-off Gain CDMA supports soft hand-off, a process by which the mobile communicates simultaneously with more

than one base station or more than one sector of a base station. Soft hand-off provides improved receive sensitivity because there are two or more receivers or transmitters involved. A line for hand-off gain is included in the CDMA link budgets worksheet although the gain is set to 0 dB because the in-building system will probably be designed to limit soft-handoff.

Other CDMA Issues

• Never combine multiple sectors (more than one CDMA signal at the same frequency) into a Unison system. The combined CDMA signals will interfere with each other.

• Try to minimize overlap between in-building coverage areas that utilize different sectors, as well as in-building coverage and outdoor coverage areas. This is important because any area in which more than one dominant pilot signal (at the same frequency) is measured by the mobile will result in soft-handoff. Soft-handoff decreases the overall network capacity by allocating multiple channel resources to a single mobile phone.

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Link Budget Analysis

6.4.4 CDMA Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application

Table 6-29 CDMA Link Budget Analysis: Downlink

Line Downlink

Transmitter

a. BTS transmit power per traffic channel (dBm) 30.0 b. Voice activity factor 50% c. Composite power (dBm) 40.0 d. Attenuation between BTS and Unison (dB) –24 e. Power per channel into Unison (dBm) 9.0 f. Composite power into Unison (dBm) 16.0 g. Unison gain (dB) 0.0 h. Antenna gain (dBi) 3.0 i. Radiated power per channel (dBm) 12.0 j. Composite radiated power (dBm) 19.0

Airlink

k. Handoff gain (dB) 0.0 l. Multipath fade margin (dB) 6.0 m. Log-normal fade margin with 9 dB std. deviation, 95% area cover-

10.0

age, 87% edge coverage n. Additional loss (dB) 0.0 o. Body loss (dB) 3.0 p. Airlink losses (not including facility path loss) 19.0

Receiver

q. Mobile noise figure (dB) 7.0 r. Thermal noise (dBm/Hz) –174.0 s. Receiver interference density (dBm/Hz) –167.0 t. Information ratio (dB/Hz) 41.6 u. Required Eb/(N

)7.0

o+lo

v. Minimum received signal (dBm) –118.4 w. Maximum path loss (dB) +99.4

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Link Budget Analysis

• b and c: see notes in Table 6-28 regarding power per carrier, downlink

• e = a + d

• f = c + d

• i = e + g + h

• j = f + g + h

• p = –k + l + m + n + o

• s = q + r

• v = s + t + u

• w = j – p – v

• x = j (downlink) + m (uplink) + P where

P = Ptx + Prx = –73 dB for Cellular

–76 dB for PCS

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Link Budget Analysis

Table 6-30 CDMA Link Budget Analysis: Uplink

Line Uplink

Receiver

a. BTS noise figure (dB) 3.0 b. Attenuation between BTS and Unison (dB) –30.0 c. Unison gain (dB) 0.0 d. Unison noise figure (dB) 22.0 e. System noise figure (dB) 33.3 f. Thermal noise (dBm/Hz) –174.0 g. Noise rise 75% loading (dB) 6.0 h. Receiver interference density (dBm/Hz) –134.6 i. Information rate (dB/Hz) 41.6 j. Required Eb/(N

)5.0

o+lo

k. Handoff gain (dB) 0.0 l. Antenna gain (dBi) 3.0 m. Minimum received signal (dBm) –91.1

Airlink

n. Multipath fade margin (dB) 6.0 o. Log-normal fade margin with 9 dB std. deviation, 95% area cover-

10.0

age, 87% edge coverage p. Additional loss (dB) 0.0 q. Body loss (dB) 3.0 r. Airlink losses (not including facility path loss) 19.0

Transmitter

s. Mobile transmit power (dBm) 28.0

t. Maximum path loss (dB) 100.1

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ADC UNS AWS User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

SECTION 1 General Information

1.1 Firmware Release

1.2 Purpose and Scope

1.3 Conventions in this Manual

1.4 Acronyms in this Manual

1.5 Standards Conformance

1.6 Related Publications

2.1 System Hardware

2.2 System OA&M Capabilities

2.2.1 OA&M Software

2.2.1.1 Configuring, Maintaining, and Monitoring Unison Locally

2.2.1.2 Monitoring and Maintaining Unison Remotely

2.2.2 Using Alarm Contacts

2.3 System Connectivity

2.4 System Operation

2.5 System Specifications

2.5.1 InterReach Unison Wavelength and Laser Power

2.5.2 Environmental Specifications

2.5.3 Operating Frequencies

2.5.4 RF End-to-End Performance

SECTION 3 Unison Main Hub

3.1 Main Hub Front Panel

3.1.1 Optical Fiber Uplink/Downlink Ports

3.1.2 Communications RS-232 Serial Connector

3.1.3 LED Indicators

3.2 Main Hub Rear Panel

3.2.1 Main Hub Rear Panel Connectors

3.2.1.1 9-pin D-sub Connector

3.2.1.2 N-type Female Connectors

3.3 Main Hub Specifications

3.4 Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages

3.4.1 Description

3.4.2 View Preference

SECTION 4 Unison Expansion Hub

4.1 Expansion Hub Front Panel

4.1.1 RJ-45 Connectors

4.1.2 Optical Fiber Uplink/Downlink Connectors

4.1.3 LED Indicators

4.2 Expansion Hub Rear Panel

4.3 Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages

4.4 Expansion Hub Specifications

SECTION 5 Unison Remote Access Unit

5.1 Remote Access Unit Connectors

5.1.1 SMA Connector

5.1.2 RJ-45 Connector

5.2 LED Indicators

5.3 Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages

5.4 Remote Access Unit Specifications

5.5 RAUs in a Dual Band System

SECTION 6 Designing a Unison Solution

6.1 Maximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAU

6.1.1 800 MHz Cellular

6.1.2 800 MHz iDEN/SMR

6.1.3 900 MHz GSM and EDGE

6.1.4 1800 MHz DCS

6.1.5 1900 MHz PCS

6.1.6 2.1 GHz UMTS

6.1.7 1.7/2.1 GHz AWS

6.2 Estimating RF Coverage

6.2.1 Path Loss Equation

6.2.2 Coverage Distance

6.2.3 Examples of Design Estimates

6.3 System Gain

6.3.1 System Gain (Loss) Relative to ScTP Cable Length

6.4 Link Budget Analysis

6.4.1 Elements of a Link Budget for Narrowband Standards

6.4.2 Narrowband Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application

6.4.3 Elements of a Link Budget for CDMA Standards

6.4.4 CDMA Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application