ADC Telecommunications, Inc.P.O. Box 1101, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55440-1101
In U.S.A. and Canada: 1-800-366-3891Outside U.S.A. and Canada: (952) 938-8080Fax: (952) 917-1717
TE Connectivity
541 E. Trimble Road, San Jose, California 95131-1224 USA
In U.S.A. and Canada: 1-800-530-9960
Outside U.S.A. and Canada: 1-408-952-2400
Fax: 1-408-952-2410
The technical changes incorporated into this issue are listed below.
PAGEIDENTIFIERDESCRIPTION OF CHANGE
TRADEMARK INFORMATION
-Add Fusion 700 ABC/850/1900 product content
TE is a registered trademark and InterReach, InterReach Unison, InterReach Fusion, WAVEXchange, FlexWave are registered
trademarks and trademarks of TE Connectivity. All other products, company names, service marks, and trademarks mentioned in
this document or website are used for identification purposes only and may be owned by other companies.
DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY
Contents herein are current as of the date of publication. TE reserves the right to change the contents without prior notice. In no
event shall TE be liable for any damages resulting from loss of data, loss of use, or loss of profits and TE further disclaims
any and all liability for indirect, incidental, special, consequential or other similar damages. This disclaimer of liability
applies to all products, publications and services during and after the warranty period.
This publication may be verified at any time by contacting TE’s Technical Assistance Center at 1-800-366-3891, extension 73476
(in U.S.A. or Canada) or 952-917-3476 (outside U.S.A. and Canada), or by e-mail to WirelessSupport@te.com.
Table 6-12 Average Signal Loss of Common Building Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16
Table 6-13Frequency Bands and the Value of the First Term in Equation (3). . . 6-17
T able 6-14 Estimated Path Loss Slope for Different In-Building Environments . 6-18
Table 6-15Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
Table 9-1Troubleshooting Main Hub Port LEDs During Normal Operation . . . . 9-6
Table 9-2Troubleshooting Main Hub Status LEDs During Normal Operation . . 9-7
Table 9-3Troubleshooting Expansion Hub Port LEDs During Normal Operation 9-8
Table 9-4Troubleshooting Expansion Hub Status LEDs
For the latest Software and Firmware Release and associated documentation, access
the TE Customer Portal at http://www.te.com/adc.
1.2Purpose and Scope
This document describes the InterReach Fusion system.
• Section 2 InterReach Fusion System Description
This section provides an overview of the Fusion hardware and OA&M capabilities.
This section also contains system specifications and RF end-to-end performance
tables.
• Section 3 Fusion Main Hub
This section illustrates and describes the Fusion Main Hub. This section includes
connector and LED descriptions, and unit specifications.
InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual1-1
D-620610-0-20 Rev FCONFIDENTIAL
Conventions in this Manual
• Section 4 Fusion Expansion Hub
This section illustrates and describes the Expansion Hub, as well as connector and
LED descriptions, and unit specification.
• Section 5 Remote Access Unit
This section illustrates and describes the Remote Access Unit. This section also
includes connector and LED descriptions, and unit specifications.
• Section 6 Designing a Fusion Solution
This section provides tools to aid you in designing your Fusion system, including
tables of the maximum output power per carrier at the RAU and formulas and
tables for calculating path loss, coverage distance, and link budget.
• Section 7 Installing Fusion
This section provides installation procedures, requirements, safety precautions,
and checklists. The installation procedures include guidelines for troubleshooting
using the LEDs as you install the units.
• Section 8 Replacing Fusion Components
This section provides installation procedures and considerations when you are
replacing an Fusion component in an operating system.
• Section 9 Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance
This section provides contact information and troubleshooting tables.
• Appendix A Cables and Connectors
This appendix provides connector and cable descriptions and requirements. It also
includes cable strapping, connector crimping tools, and diagrams.
• Appendix B Compliance
This section lists safety and radio/EMC approvals.
• Appendix C Faults, Warnings, Status Tables
This section lists all system alarm messages.
1.3Conventions in this Manual
The following table lists the type style conventions used in this manual.
ConventionDescription
boldUsed for emphasis
BOLD CAPS
MALL CAPSSoftware menu and window selections
S
Labels on equipment
1-2InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
CONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev F
Standards Conformance
This manual lists measurements first in metric units, and then in U.S. Customary System of units in parentheses. For example:
0° to 45°C (32° to 113°F)
This manual uses the following symbols to highlight certain information as described.
NOTE: This format emphasizes text with special significance or importance, and provides supplemental information.
CAUTION: This format indicates when a given action or omitted
action can cause or contribute to a hazardous condition. Damage
to the equipment can occur.
WARNING: This format indicates when a given action or omitted
action can result in catastrophic damage to the equipment or cause
injury to the user.
Procedure
This format highlights a procedure.
1.4Standards Conformance
• Fusion uses the TIA-570-B cabling standards for ease of installation.
• Refer to Appendix B for compliance information.
1.5Related Publications
• AdminBrowser User Manual, TE part number D-620607-0-20
• FlexWave Focus Configuration, Installation, and Reference Manual; TE part num-
ber 8500-10
• InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual; TE part number 8700-50
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-99601-3
D-620610-0-20 Rev FCONFIDENTIAL
Related Publications
CAUTION: The user is cautioned that changes or modifications
not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance
could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.
1-4InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
InterReach Fusion is an intelligent fiber optics/CATV, multi-band (frequencies) wireless networking system designed to handle both wireless voice and data communications over licensed frequencies. It provides high-quality, ubiquitous, seamless access
to the wireless network in smaller buildings.
Fusion provides RF characteristics designed for large public and private facilities
such as campus environments, airports, shopping malls, subways, convention centers,
sports venues, and so on. Fusion uses microprocessors to enable key capabilities such
as software-selectable band settings, automatic gain control, ability to incrementally
adjust downlink/uplink gain, end-to-end alarming of all componen ts and the asso ciated cable infrastructure, and a host of additional capabilities.
The Fusion system supports major wireless standards and air interface protocols in
use around the world, including:
InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual2-1
D-620610-0-20 Rev FCONFIDENTIAL
System Overview
• Data Protocols: CDPD, EDGE, GPRS, WCDMA, CDMA2000, 1xRTT, EV-DO,
LTE, and Paging
The Fusion system supports three configurable bands:
• Band 1 in 35 MHz and can be configured for 850 MHz, or 900 MHz.
• Band 2 in 75 MHz and can be configured for 1800 MHz, 1900 MHz, or 2100 MHz
Both bands support all protocols.
Fusion remote access units contain combinations of Band 1, Band 2, and Band 3
frequencies to support various world areas, that is 800 MHz/900 MHz/1900MHz
for North America or 900 MHz/2100 MHz and 900 MHz/1800 MHz for Europe
and Asia. Refer to Figure 2 -7 on page 2-8 for a specific list of these RAU frequency combinations.
• Band 3 (only used for the North American FSN-809019-2, FSN-2-708519-1, and
FSN-2-758519-1 RAU) whose Band 3 (in the case of the FSN-809019-2 RAU) is a
6 MHz sub-band of the 35 MHz Band with Band 1 being an 18 MHz sub-band of
the 35 MHz Band.
Key System Features
• Multi-Band, supports two or more full band frequencies for spectrum growth.
• Superior RF performance, particularly in the areas of IP3 and noi se fig u re.
• High downlink composite power and low uplink noise figure enables support of
a large number of channels and larger coverage footprint per antenna.
• Softwar e configurable Main and Expansion Hubs allow the frequency bands to be
configured in the field.
• Either single-mode or multi- mode fiber can be used, supporting flexible cabling
alternatives (in addition to standard CATV 75 Ohm cabling). You can select the
cabling type to met the resident cabling infrastructure of the facility and unique
building topologies.
• Extended system “reach.” Using single-mode fiber, fiber runs can be a long as 6
kilometers (creating a total system “wingspan” of 12 kilometers). Alternatively,
with multi-mode fiber, fiber runs can be as long as 500 meters.
• Standard 75 Ohm CATV cable, can be run up to 150 meters for RG-59 cable;
170 meters for RG-6; 275 meters for RG-11 using CommScope 2065V , 2279V, and
2293K cables.
• System gain:
– Ability to manually set gain in 1 dB steps, from 0 to 15 dB, on both down-
link and uplink.
•RAU:
– RAU uplink and downlink gain can be independently attenuated 0 or 10 dB.
2-2InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
CONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev F
– Uplink level control protects the system from input overload and can be
optimized for either a single operator or multiple operators/protocols.
– VSWR check on RAU reports if there is a disconnected antenna.
• Firmware Updates are downloaded (either locally or remotely) to the system
when any modifications are made to the product, including the addition of new
software capabilities and services.
• OA&M capabilities, including fault isolation to the field replaceable unit, report-
ing of all fault and warning conditions, and user-friendly web browser user interface OA&M software package.
2.2System Hardware Description
The InterReach Fusion system consists of three modular components:
• 19" rack-mountable Main Hub(connects to up to 4 Expansion Hubs, except for
the One Port Main Hub configuration that supports 1 Expansion Hub)
• Converts RF signals to optical IF on the downlink; optical IF-to-RF on the
uplink
• Microprocessor controlled (for alarms, monitoring, and control)
• Auto-configurable bands
• Simplex interface to RF source
• Periodically polls all downstream RAUs for system status, and automatically
reports any fault or warning conditions
System Hardware Description
• 19” rack mountable Expansion Hub (connects to up to 8 Remote Access Units)
• Optical signal conversion to electrical on the downlink; electrical to optical on
the uplink
• Microprocessor controlled (for alarms, monitoring, and control)
• Software configurable band (based on commands from the Main Hub)
• Supplies DC power to RAUs over CATV cable.
• Remote Access Unit (RAU)
• Converts IF signals to RF on the downlink; RF-to-IF on the uplink
• Microprocessor controlled (for alarms, monitoring, and control)
• Multi-band protocol independent, frequency specific units
The minimum configuration of a Fusion system is one Main Hub, one Expansion
Hub, and one RAU (1-1-1). The maximum configuration of a system is one Main
Hub, four Expansion Hubs, and 32 RAUs (1-4-32). Multiple systems can be combined to provide larger configurations.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-99602-3
D-620610-0-20 Rev FCONFIDENTIAL
System Hardware Description
NOTE: The Fusion One Port Main Hub (PN: FSN-1-MH-1P) configuration
is a cost reduced version of the Fusion Main Hub and supports only one
Expansion Hub (up to 8 RAUs).
The Fusion One Port Main Hub is “software locked” to 1 port 2 fiber ports.
Additional ports are disabled internally. Please do not attempt to remove the front panel fiber port plate,since doing so will void the product warranty.
Figure 2-1 Fusion System Hardware
Figure 2-2 Fusion One Port System Hardware
2-4InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
CONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev F
System OA&M Capabilities Overview
PSTN
RS-232
RS-232Ethernet
PC/Laptop
running a
Modem
Fusion Main Hub
Modem
Fusion Main Hub
Ethernet
LAN
Switch
F-conn.
Fusion Main Hub
Fusion Main Hub
Standard Browse r
Use AdminBrowser to configure
or monitor a local or a remote
Fusion system.
TCP/IP
1
2
3
R-J-45
t
Ethernet
Admin Browser
RS-232
Modem
2.3System OA&M Capabilities Overview
InterReach Fusion is microprocessor controlled and contains firmware to enable much of
the operations, administration, and maintenance (OA&M) functionality .
Complete alarming, down to the field replaceable unit (that is, Fusion Main Hub,
Expansion Hub, and Remote Access Unit) and the cabling infrastructure, is available.
All events occurring in a system, defined as a Fusion Main Hub and all of its associated Expansion Hubs and Remote Access Units, are automatically reported to the
Main Hub. The Main Hub monitors system status and communicates that status using
the following methods:
• Normally closed (NC) alarm contact closures can be tied to standard NC alarm
monitoring systems or directly to a base station for basic alarm monitoring.
• Connection Methods:
• The Main Hub’s front panel RJ-45 port connects directly to a PC (for local
Ethernet access).
• The Main Hub’s front panel RS-232 serial port connects directly to a modem
(for remote access).
• Remote access is also available with an optional 100BASE-T LAN switch connections to the RJ-45 port.
D-620610-0-20 Rev FCONFIDENTIAL
Figure 2-3 Three Methods for OA&M Communications
AdminBrowser OA&M software runs on the Fusion Main Hub microprocessor and
communicates to its downstream Expansion Hubs and associated RAUs. Using
AdminBrowser, you can perform the following from any standard web browser
(Internet Explorer) running on your PC/laptop system:
• Configure a newly installed system
• Change system parameters
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-99602-5
System OA&M Capabilities Overview
Each RAU passes its status to
the Hub.
If a fault is detected, the
ALARM LED is red. If no fault
is detected, the LED is green.
The Expansion Hub queries
the status of each RAU and
compares it to the previously
stored status.
If a fault is detected, LEDs on
the front panel turn red.
Fusion Main
Hub
AdminBrowser
RAU
RAU
Use a standard
browser to communicate with remotely or
locally installed Fusion
systems running
AdminBrowser.
If a fault or warning
condition is reported,
the AdminBrowser
graphical user interface indicates the problem on your standard
PC browser.
web browser
Fusion
Expansion
Hub
PC/Laptop
running a
standard
The Main Hub queries
status of each Expansion Hub and each
RAU and compares it
to previously stored
status.
If a fault is detected,
LEDs on the front panel
turn red.
AdminBrowser
• Perform an end-to-end system test
• Query system status
Refer to the AdminBrowser User Manual (D-620607-0-20) for information about
installing and using AdminBrowser software.
2.3.1System Monitoring and Reporting
Each Fusion Main Hub in the system constantly monitors itself, its Expansion Hubs,
and their downstream RAUs for internal fault and warning conditions. The results of
this monitoring are stored in memory and compared against new results.
When a Main or Expansion Hub detects a change in status, it reports a fault or warning alarm. Faults are also indicated locally by red status LEDs. Both faults and warnings are reported to AdminBrowser software and displayed on a PC/laptop connected
to the Main Hub’s RJ-45 port. Passive antennas connected to the RAUs are not monitored automatically. Perform a System Test to retrieve status information about antennas.
Using AdminBrowser, you can install a new system or new components, change system parameters, and query system status. Figure 2-4 illustrates how the system
reports its status to AdminBrowser.
2-6InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
CONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev F
2.3.2Using Alarm Contacts
Figure 2-4 System Monitoring and Reporting
You can connect the DB-9 female connector on the rear panel of the Fusion Main
Hub to a local base station or to a daisy-chained series of Fusion and/or FlexWave
Focus systems.
When you connect FlexWave Focus or a BTS to the Fusion, the Fusion Main Hub
Main Hub
RS-232
PORT 1 PORT 2 PORT 3 PORT 4
Expansion Hub
Expansion Hub
Fiber
Expansion Hub
Expansion Hub
CATVCATV (RG-59, 6, or 11)CATV
up to 8 RAUs per Expansion Hub
RAURAURAU
RJ-45
outputs the alarms (alarm source) and FlexWave Focus or the BTS receives the
alarms (alarm sense). This is described in Section 7.7.1 on page 7-56.
2.4System Connectivity
The double star architecture of the Fusion system, illustrated in Figure 2-5, provides
excellent system scalability and reliability. The system requires only one pair of
fibers for eight antenna points. This makes any system expansion, such as adding an
extra antenna for additional coverage, potentially as easy as pulling an extra CATV
cable.
Figure 2-5 Fusion’s Double Star Architecture
System Connectivity
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-99602-7
D-620610-0-20 Rev FCONFIDENTIAL
System Operation
Main Hub
RAU
The Main Hub receives downlink RF signals from
a base station using 50 Ohm coaxial cable.
The Main Hub converts the RF signals to IF, then
to optical signals and sends them to Expansion
Hubs (up to four) using optical fiber cable.
The Expansion Hub converts the optical signals to electrical signals and sends them to
RAUs (up to eight) using 75 Ohm CATV cable.
The RAU converts the IF signals
to RF and sends them to passive
antennas using 50 Ohm coaxial
cable.
Expansion Hub
Main Hub
RAU
The Main Hub sends
uplink RF signals to a
base station using
50 Ohm coaxial cable.
The Main Hub receives
the optical signals from
the Expansion Hubs (up
to four) using optical
fiber cable and converts them to RF signals.
The Expansion Hub
receives the IF signals
from the RAUs (up to
eight) using CATV cable
and converts them to
optical signals.
The RAU receives uplink RF
signals from the passive
antenna using 50 Ohm coaxial
cable and converts them to IF
signals.
Expansion Hub
2.5System Operation
Figure 2-6 Downlink (Base Station to Wireless Devices)
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CONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev F
Figure 2-7 Uplink (Wireless Devices to Base Station)
System Specifications
2.6System Specifications
Table 2-1 Physical Specifications
ParameterMain HubExpansion HubRemote Access Unit
IF/RF Connectors6-type “N”, female (50 Ohm),
1 Downlink/Uplink pair per
band
External Alarm Connector
One, 9-pin D-sub, femaleOne, 9-pin D-sub, female—
(contact source)
ADMIN/LAN Interface Con-
nectors
One RJ-45, female
One 9-pin D-sub, male for
optional modem
Fiber Connectors*
4 pair, SC/APC
(FSN-1-MH-1P supports only
1 pair, SP/APC fibers.)
LED Alarm and Status Indicators
Unit Status (One pair):
•Power
• Main Hub Status
Downstream Unit Status
(One per fiber port):
• Expansion Hub/RAU
Power (AC Option)Rating: 100–240V AC, 1A,
50–60 Hz
Operating Range: 90–132V
AC/170-250V
AC auto-ranging
Power (DC Option)Rating: 38–64V DC, 2.5ARating: 38-64V DC, 14A
Power Consumption (W)304 RAUs: 240 typical, 310
Enclosure Dimensions
width depth)†
(height
89 mm × 438 mm × 381 mm
(3.5 in. × 17.25 in. × 15 in.)
(2U)
Weight< 5.5 kg (< 12 lbs.)< 6.6 kg (< 14.5 lbs.)< 2.1 kg (< 4.6 lbs.)
8-type “F”, female (CATV
75 Ohm)
One RJ-45, female
One F, female (CATV -75 Ohm)
One N, female (antenna-50 Ohm)
—
One 9-pin D-sub, male
One pair, SC/APC—
Unit Status (One pair):
•Power
• Expansion Hub Status
Unit Status (One pair):
•Link
•Alarm
Fiber Link Status (One
pair):
•DL Status
•UL Status
Port Status:
• One per F connector port
• Link/RAU
Rating: 100–240V AC,
—
6A, 50–60 Hz
Operating Range:
90–132V AC/170-250V
AC auto-ranging
—
max.
8 RAUs: 400 typical, 530
Max.
89 mm × 438 mm × 381
mm
54 mm x 286 mm x 281 mm
(2.13 in. × 11.25 in. × 11.13 in.)
(3.5 in. × 17.25 in. × 15
in.) (2U)
* It is critical to system performance that only SC/APC fiber connectors are used throughout the fiber network, including fiber distribution panels.
† Excluding angle-brackets for 19'' rack hub mounting of the hub.
Note: The Fusion Main Hub’s typical power consumption assumes that the CATV RG-59 cable length is no more than 150 meters, the RG-6 cable
length is no more than 170 meters, and RG-11 cable length is no more than 275 meters using CommScope 2065V, 2279V, and 2293K cables.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-99602-9
D-620610-0-20 Rev FCONFIDENTIAL
System Specifications
Table 2-2 Wavelength and Laser Power Specifications
Measured Output Power
WavelengthMain Hub Expansion Hub
1310 nm +
Table 2-3 Environmental Specifications
20 nm890 uW3.8 mW
ParameterMain Hub and Expansion HubRAU
Operating Temperature 0° to +45°C (+32° to +113°F)–25° to +45°C
(–13° to
+113°F)
Non-operating Temperature –20° to +85°C (–4° to +185°F)–25° to +85°C
(–13° to
+185°F)
Operating Humidity; non-con-
5% to 95%5% to 95%
densing
Table 2-4 Frequency Bands Covered by Fusion RAUs
RF Passband
MAIN
Fusion
RAUPart Number
Fusion
Band
Downlink
(MHz)
Uplink
(MHz)
HUB/
RAU
Band
RAU
Bandwidth
850/1900FSN-8519-1850869–894824–849125 MHz
19001930–19901850–1910260 MHz
900/1800FSN-9018-1900925–960880–915135 MHz
18001805–18801710–1785275 MHz
900/2100FSN-9021-1900925–960880–915135 MHz
21002110–21701920–1980260 MHz
850/1800FSN-8518-1850869-894824-849125 MHz
18001805-18801710-1785275 MHz
850/2100FSN-8521-1850869-894824-849125 MHz
21002110-21701920-1980260 MHz
2-10InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
CONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev F
System Specifications
Table 2-4 Frequency Bands Covered by Fusion RAUs (continued)
RF Passband
Fusion
RAUPart Number
800/900/
FSN-809019-2800 SMR851-869806-8241 (sub
Fusion
Band
Downlink
(MHz)
Uplink
(MHz)
1900
900 SMR935-941896-9023 (sub
1900
1930-19951850-1915265 MHz
(A-G)
2100
FSN-2100-121002110-21701920-1980260 MHz
(Single
band RAU)
2100 High
FSN-21HP-121002110-21701920-1980260 MHz
Power
(Single
band RAU)
700 ABC/
850/1900
FSN-2708519-1
850869-894824-8491 (sub-
700
728-746698-7163 (sub(Lower
ABC)
1900
1930-19951850-1915265 MHz
(A-G)
700 UC/
850/1900
FSN-2758519-1
850869-894824-8491 (sub-
700
746-757776-7873 (sub(Upper C)
1900
1930-19951850-1915265 MHz
(A-G)
MAIN
HUB/
RAU
Band
band
1A)
band
1B)
band
1A)
band
1B)
band
1A)
band
1B)
RAU
Bandwidth
18 MHz
6 MHz
25 MHz
18 MHz
25 MHz
11 MHz
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-99602-11
D-620610-0-20 Rev FCONFIDENTIAL
System Specifications
2.6.1RF End-to-End Performance
The following tables list the RF end-to-end performance of each protocol.
NOTE: The system gain is adjustable in 1 dB steps from 0 to 15 dB, and the
gain of each RAU can be attenuated 0 or 10 dB.
850/1900 RAU
Table 2-5 850 MHz RF End-to-End Performance
Parameter
Average gain with 150 m RG-59 at 25°C (77°F) (dB)1515
Ripple with 150 m RG-59 (dB)2.53
Output IP3 (dBm)38
Input IP3 (dBm)–5
Output 1 dB Compression Point (dBm)26
Noise Figure 1 MH, 1 EH, 8 RAUs (dB)16
Noise Figure 1 MH, 4 EH, 32 RAUs (dB)22
Typical
DownlinkUplink
Table 2-6 1900 MHz RF End-to-End Performance
Typical
Parameter
Average gain with 150 m RG-59 at 25°C (77°F) (dB)1515
Ripple with 150 m RG-59 (dB)3.54
Output IP3 (dBm)38
Input IP3 (dBm)-5
Output 1 dB Compression Point (dBm)26
Noise Figure 1 MH, 1 EH, 8 RAUs (dB)17
Noise Figure 1 MH, 4 EH, 32 RAUs (dB)23
DownlinkUplink
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System Specifications
900/1800 RAU
Table 2-7 900 MHz RF End-to-End Performance
Typical
ParameterDownlinkUplink
Average gain with 150 m RG-59 at 25°C (77°F) (dB)1515
Ripple with 150 m RG-59 (dB)34
Output IP3 (dBm)38
Input IP3 (dBm)–5
Output 1 dB Compression Point (dBm)26
Noise Figure 1 MH, 1 EH, 8 RAUs (dB)17
Noise Figure 1 MH, 4 EH, 32 RAUs (dB)23
Table 2-8 1800 MHz RF End-to-End Performance
Typical
ParameterDownlinkUplink
Average gain with 150 m RG-59 at 25°C (77°F) (dB)1515
Ripple with 150 m RG-59 (dB)4.55
Output IP3 (dBm)38
Input IP3 (dBm)–5
Output 1 dB Compression Point (dBm)26
Noise Figure 1 MH, 1 EH, 8 RAUs (dB)17
Noise Figure 1 MH, 4 EH, 32 RAUs (dB)23
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-99602-13
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System Specifications
900/2100 RAU
Table 2-9 900 MHz RF End-to-End Performance
Typical
ParameterDownlinkUplink
Average gain with 150 m RG-59 at 25°C (77°F) (dB)1515
Ripple with 150 m RG-59 (dB)34
Output IP3 (dBm)38
Input IP3 (dBm)–5
Output 1 dB Compression Point (dBm)26
Noise Figure 1 MH, 1 EH, 8 RAUs (dB)17
Noise Figure 1 MH, 4 EH, 32 RAUs (dB)23
Table 2-10 2100 MHz RF End-to-End Performance
Typical
Parameter
Average gain with 150 m RG-59 at 25°C (77°F) (dB)1515
Ripple with 150 m RG-59 (dB)4.55
Spurious Output Levels (dBm)<–30
UMTS TDD Band Spurious Output Level
Output 1 dB Compression Point (dBm)26
Noise Figure 1 MH, 1 EH, 8 RAUs (dB)17
Noise Figure 1 MH, 4 EH, 32 RAUs (dB)23
DownlinkUplink
<–52
850/1800 RAU
Table 2-11 850 MHz RF End-to-End Performance
Typical
ParameterDownlinkUplink
Average gain with 150 m RG-59 at 25°C (77°F) (dB)1515
Ripple with 150 m RG-59 (dB)2.53
Output IP3 (dBm)38
Input IP3 (dBm)–5
Output 1 dB Compression Point (dBm)26
Noise Figure 1 MH, 1 EH, 8 RAUs (dB)16
Noise Figure 1 MH, 4 EH, 32 RAUs (dB)22
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System Specifications
Table 2-12 1800 MHz RF End-to-End Performance
Typical
ParameterDownlinkUplink
Average gain with 150 m RG-59 at 25°C (77°F) (dB)1515
Ripple with 150 m RG-59 (dB)4.55
Output IP3 (dBm)38
Input IP3 (dBm)–5
Output 1 dB Compression Point (dBm)26
Noise Figure 1 MH, 1 EH, 8 RAUs (dB)17
Noise Figure 1 MH, 4 EH, 32 RAUs (dB)23
850/2100 RAU
Table 2-13 850 MHz RF End-to-End Performance
Typical
ParameterDownlinkUplink
Average gain with 150 m RG-59 at 25°C (77°F) (dB)1515
Ripple with 150 m RG-59 (dB)2.53
Output IP3 (dBm)38
Input IP3 (dBm)–5
Output 1 dB Compression Point (dBm)26
Noise Figure 1 MH, 1 EH, 8 RAUs (dB)16
Noise Figure 1 MH, 4 EH, 32 RAUs (dB)22
Table 2-14 2100 MHz RF End-to-End Performance
Typical
Parameter
Average gain with 150 m RG-59 at 25°C (77°F) (dB)1515
Ripple with 150 m RG-59 (dB)4.55
Spurious Output Levels (dBm)<–30
UMTS TDD Band Spurious Output Level
Average gain with 150 m RG-59 at 25°C (77°F) (dB)1515
Ripple with 150 m RG-59 (dB)2.53
Output IP3 (dBm)35
Input IP3 (dBm)–5
Output 1 dB Compression Point (dBm)23
Noise Figure 1 MH, 1 EH, 8 RAUs (dB)17
Noise Figure 1 MH, 4 EH, 32 RAUs (dB)23
Table 2-17 1900 MHz RF End-to-End Performance
Typical
ParameterDownlinkUplink
Average gain with 150 m RG-59 at 25°C (77°F) (dB)1515
Ripple with 150 m RG-59 (dB)3.54
Output IP3 (dBm)38
Input IP3 (dBm)–5
Output 1 dB Compression Point (dBm)26
Noise Figure 1 MH, 1 EH, 8 RAUs (dB)17
Noise Figure 1 MH, 4 EH, 32 RAUs (dB)23
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CONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev F
System Specifications
2100 RAU
Table 2-18 2100 MHz RF End-to-End Performance
Typical
Parameter
Average gain with 150 meters RG-59 @ 25C (dB)1515
Ripple with 150 m RG-59 (dB)4.55
Spurious Output Levels (dBm)<–30
UMTS TDD Band Spurious Output Level
The Fusion Main Hub (shown in Figure 3-1) distributes up to three individual (Band
1, 2, or 3) downlink RF signals from a base station, repeater, or FlexWave Focus system to up to four Expansion Hubs, which in turn distribute the signals to up to 32
Remote Access Units. The Main Hub also combines uplink signals from the associated Expansion Hubs.
Fusion is a multi-band system. One RF source (Band 1 or RF1) goes to the 35 MHz
band and the other RF source (Band 2 or RF2) goes to the 75 MHz band. Band 3 (or
RF3) goes to a sub-band of the 35 MHz band and is functional only with the
800/900/1900 , 700 ABC/850/1900, and 700 UC/850/1900 RAU. The system installs
in a 19" equipment rack and is usually co-located with the RF source in a telecommunications closet.
InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual3-1
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Fusion Main Hub Overview
Fusion Main Hub
Fusion Expansion HubRAU
Downlink Path: The Main Hub receives up to 3 individual (Band1, 2, or 3) downlink RF signals from a base station, repeater,
or FlexWave Focus system using 50 Ohm coaxial cable. It converts the signals to IF then to optical and sends them to up to
four Expansion Hubs using fiber optic cable.
The Main Hub also sends OA&M communication to the Expansion Hubs using the fiber optic cable. The Expansion Hubs, in
turn, communicate the OA&M information to the RAUs using CATV cable.
Uplink Path: The Main Hub receives uplink optical signals from up to four Expansion Hubs using fiber optic cables. It converts the signals to IF then to RF and sends them to the respective Band1, 2, or 3 base station, repeater , or FlexW ave Focus
system using 50 Ohm coaxial cable.
The Main Hub also receives status information from the Expansion Hubs and all RAUs using the fiber optic cable.
Downlink to Main Hub
Uplink from Main Hub
Downlink from Main Hub
Uplink to Main Hub
RF1, 2, and 3
RF1, 2, and 3
Figure 3-1 Main Hub in a Fusion System
Figure 3-2 shows a detailed view of the major RF and optical functional blocks of the
Main Hub.
NOTE: The Fusion One Port Main Hub (PN: FSN-1-MH-1P) configuration
is a cost reduced version of the Fusion Main Hub and supports only one
Expansion Hub (up to 8 RAUs).
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CONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev F
Figure 3-2 Main Hub Block Diagram
Fusion Main Hub Overview
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Fusion Main Hub Front Panel
1
2
3
6
4
5
1
2
1
2
1
2
3.2Fusion Main Hub Front Panel
Figure 3-3 Fusion Main Hub Front Panel
1. Four fiber optic ports (labeled PORT 1, PORT 2, PORT 3, PORT 4)
• One standard female SC/APC connector per port for MMF/SMF input (labeled
UPLINK)
• One standard female SC/APC connector per port for MMF/SMF output
(labeled
2. Four sets of fiber port LEDs (one set per port)
DOWNLINK)
• One LED per port for port link status and downstream unit status
3. One set of unit status LEDs
• One LED for unit power status (labeled
• One LED for unit status (labeled
4. One 9-pin D-sub male connector for system remote dial-up communication and
diagnostics using a modem (labeled
5. One RJ-45 female connector for system communication and diagnostics using a
PC/laptop with direct connect or using a LAN switch (labeled
6. Power switch
POWER)
MAIN HUB STATUS)
MODEM)
ADMIN/LAN)
NOTE: The Fusion One Port Main Hub (PN: FSN-1-MH-1P) configuration
is a cost reduced version of the Fusion Main Hub and supports only one
Expansion Hub (up to 8 RAUs).
3-4InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
CONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev F
3.2.1Optical Fiber Uplink/Downlink Ports
The optical fiber uplink/downlink ports transmit and receive optical signals between
the Main Hub and up to four Expansion Hubs using industry-standard SMF or MMF
cable. There are four fiber ports on the front panel of the Main Hub; one port per
Expansion Hub. Each fiber port has two female SC/APC connectors:
• Optical Fiber Uplink Connector
This connector (labeled
an Expansion Hub.
• Optical Fiber Downlink Connector
This connector (labeled
nals to an Expansion Hub.
CAUTION: To avoid damaging the Main Hub’s fiber connector ports,
use only SC/APC fiber cable connectors when using either single-mode
or multi-mode fiber. Additionally, it is critical to system performance
that only SC/APC fiber connectors are used throughout the fiber network, including fiber distribution panels.
UPLINK) is used to receive the uplink optical signals from
DOWNLINK) is used to transmit the downlink optical sig-
Fusion Main Hub Front Panel
3.2.2Communications RS-232 Serial Connector
Remote Monitoring
Use a standard serial cable to connect a modem to the 9-pin D-sub male serial connector for remote monitoring or configuring. The cable typically has a DB-9 female
and a DB-25 male connector. Refer to Appendix A.6 on page A-11 for the cable pinout diagram.
Remote monitoring is also available by connecting the RJ-45 (ADMIN/LAN) port to
a LAN switch for remote Ethernet LAN access or direct dial-up router access.
Local Monitoring
Use a crossover Ethernet cable (PN-4069-ADB) to connect a laptop or PC to the
RJ-45 female connector for local monitoring or configuring using the AdminBrowser
resident software. The cable typically has a RJ-45 male connector on both ends. Refer
to Appendix A.5 on page A-10 for the cable pinout.
3.2.3Main Hub LED Indicators
The unit’s front panel LEDs indicate faults and commanded or fault lockouts. The
LEDs do not indicate warnings or whether the system test has been performed. Use the
LEDs to provide basic information only, or as a backup when you are not usin g AdminBrowser.
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Fusion Main Hub Front Panel
Upon power up, the Main Hub goes through a 20-second test to check the LED
lamps. During this time, the LEDs blink through the states shown in Table 3-1, letting
you visually verify that the LED lamps and the firmware are functioning properly.
Upon completion of initialization, the LEDs stay in one of the first two states shown
in Table 3-1.
The Main Hub automatically sends the program bands command to all connected
RAUs. A mismatched band causes a fault message to be displayed in AdminBrowser
and places the RAU in a disabled condition.
NOTE: Refer to Section 9.3.2 for troubleshooting using the LEDs.
NOTE: AdminBrowser should be used for troubleshooting the system.
Only use LEDs for backup or confirmation. However, if there are communication problems within the system, the LEDs may provide additional information that is not available using AdminBrowser.
Unit Status LEDs
The Main Hub has one pair of status LEDs, labeled POWER and STATUS, which can
be in one of the states shown in Table 3-1. These LEDs can be:
steady green
steady red
off - no color (valid only during 90 second power cycle)
flashing red (60 ppm)
There is no off state when the unit’s power is on.
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Table 3-1 Fusion Hub Status LED States
POWER
STATUS
POWER
STATUS
POWER
STATUS
POWER
STATUS
POWER
STATUS
PORT
PORT
PORT
LED StateIndicates
Green
Green
• The Main Hub is connected to power and all power supplies are operating.
• The Main Hub is not reporting a fault; however, the system test ma y need to
be performed or a warning condition may exist. Use AdminBrowser to determine this.
Green
Red
• The Main Hub is connected to power and all power supplies are operating.
Use AdminBrowser to power status.
• The Main Hub is reporting a fault.
Green
Green
(60-ppm)
Green
Red
• The Main Hub is connected to power and all power supplies are operating.
Use Admin Browser to determine power status.
• The Main Hub is reporting a lockout condition.
• The Main Hub is connected to power and all power supplies are operating.
• The Main Hub DL input signal level is too high.
(60-ppm)
Red
• One or more power supplies are out-of-specification.
Red
Fusion Main Hub Front Panel
Fiber Port LEDs
The Main Hub has one fiber port LED for each of the four fiber ports. The LED can
be in one of the states shown in Table 3-2. This LED can be:
off
steady green
steady red
flashing red (60 ppm)
Table 3-2 Fusion Hub Port LED States
LED StateIndicates
Off• The Expansion Hub is not connected.
• The Expansion Hub is connected.
Green
Red
(60 PPM)
• There are no faults from the Expansion Hub or any connected RAU.
• There was a loss of communications with the Expansion Hub.
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Fusion Main Hub Rear Panel
PORT
PORT
1
2
3
Band 1
Band 2
Band 3
UL1UL2
UL3
DL1
DL2
DL3
4
5
AC Power
Alarms
Table 3-2 Fusion Hub Port LED States
LED StateIndicates
Red
(Steady)
• The Expansion Hub is disconnected.
• The Expansion Hub or any connected RAU reported a fault.
Green
• The Expansion Hub or any connected RAU reported a lockout condition.
(60-ppm)
3.3Fusion Main Hub Rear Panel
Figure 3-4 Fusion Main Hub Rear Panel
1. AC power cord connector
2. Two air exhaust vents
3. Three N-type, female connectors for each band (Band 1, Band 2, and Band 3):
• Uplink (labeled
• Downlink (labeled
UL1, UL2, and UL3)
DL1, DL2, and DL3)
4. One 9-pin D-sub female connector for contact alarm monitoring (labeled
ALARMS)
5. Ground lug for connecting unit to frame ground (labeled GROUND)
3.3.1Fusion Main Hub Rear Panel Connectors
3.3.1.19-pin D-sub Connector
The 9-pin D-sub connector (labeled ALARMS) provides a contact alarm for fault and
warning system alarm monitoring.
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Fusion Main Hub Rear Panel
Table lists the function of each pin on the 9-pin D-sub connector.
Table 3-3 9-pin D-sub Pin Connector Functions
PinFunction
1Alarm Sense Input (DC Ground)
2Alarm Sense Input 3
3Alarm Sense Input 2
4Warning Source Contact (positive connection)
5Warning Source Contact (negative co nnec tion)
6DC Ground (common)
7Fault Source Contact (positive connection)
8Alarm Sense Input 1
9Fault Source Contact (negative connection)
This interface can both generate two source contact alarms (Fault and Warning) and
sense 3 single external alarm contacts (Alarm Sense Input 1 through 3).
3.3.1.2N-type Female Connectors
There are two 50 Ohm N-type connector pairs for each of the 3 bands on the rear
panel of the Hub:
• The
DOWNLINK connector receives downlink RF signals from a repeater, local
base station, or FlexWave Focus system.
• The
UPLINK connector transmits uplink RF signals to a repeater, local base sta-
tion, or FlexWave Focus system.
CAUTION:The UPLINK and DOWNLINK ports cannot handle a DC power
feed from the local base station. If DC power is present, a DC block must be
used or the Fusion hub may be damaged.
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Main Hub Specifications
SpecificationDescription
Enclosure Dimensions (H
Weight<5.5 kg (<12 lb)
Operating Temperature0° to +45°C (+32° to +113°F)
Non-operating T e mperature–20° to +85°C (–4° to +185°F)
Operating Humidity, non-condensing5% to 95%
External Alarm Connector
(contact closure)
ADMIN/LAN Interface Connector1 RJ-45, female
Fiber Connectors
RF Connectors6 N, female (50 Ohm), 1 Downlink/Uplink pair per band
LED Fault and Status IndicatorsUnit Status (1 pair):
AC PowerRating 100/240V AC, 1A, 50-60 Hz
Power Consumption (W)30
MTBF1 17,972 hours
3.4Main Hub Specifications
Table 3-4 Main Hub Specifications
W D)
a
:
89 mm x 438 mm x 381 mm (3.5 in. x 17.25 in. x 15 in.) 2U
1 9-pin D-sub, female
Maximum: 40 mA @ 40V DC
Typical: 4 mA @ 12V DC
1 9-pin D-sub, male for optional modem
4 Pair, SC/APC
•Power
• Main Hub Status
Downstream Unit/Link Status (1 per fiber port):
• Link/E-Hub/RAU
Operating Range: 90-132V AC/170-250V AC auto-ranging
b
a. Excluding angle brackets for the 19” rack mounting of the Hub.
b. It is critical to system performance that only SC/APC fiber connectors are used throughout the fiber network, including
fiber distribution panels.
NOTE: The Fusion One Port Main Hub (PN:
FSN-1-MH-1P) configuration is a cost reduced version of the
Fusion Main Hub and supports only one Expansion Hub (up
to 8 RAUs).
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CONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev F
Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages
3.5Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages
3.5.1Description
The Fusion Main Hub monitors and reports changes or events in system performance
to:
• Ensure that fiber receivers, amplifiers and IF/RF paths are functioning properly.
• Ensure that Expansion Hubs and Remote Access Units are connected and function-
ing properly.
An event is classified as fault, warning, or status message.
• Faults are service impacting.
• Warnings indicate a possible service impact.
• Status and informational messages are generally not service impacting.
The Fusion Main Hub periodically queries attached Expansion Hub and Remote
Access Units for their status. Both faults and warnings are reported to a connected
PC/laptop running a standard browser communicating with the AdminBrowser software. Only faults are indicated by the faceplate LEDs.
For more information regarding the events, refer to:
• Appendix C for Main Hub faults.
• Appendix C for Main Hub warnings.
• Appendix C for Main Hub status messages.
• Section 9 for troubleshooting Main Hub LEDs.
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Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages
3.5.2View Preference
AdminBrowser 1.0 or higher enables you to select (using the screen shown in
Figure 3-5 ) the ty pe of events to be displayed.
Figure 3-5 Preferences Check Boxes
T o modify the setting, using AdminBrowser, select Alarms Set Alarm Preference
and select the desired choice. After you click
OK, AdminBrowser refreshes and
updates the tree view according to the new setting.
NOTE: The setting is strictly visual and only in AdminBrowser. There is no
affect on the hardware itself. By default, the event filtering is set to “Enable
viewing of Faults only”.
The only exception to when the event filtering is ignored is during the Install/Configure command. All events are displayed regardless of the event filtering setting. This
ensures a smooth installation.
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SECTION 4Fusion Expansion Hub
Fusion Expansion Hub
Fusion Main Hub
RAU
Downlink Path: The Expansion Hub receives downlink (Band1, 2, and 3) optical signals from the Main Hub using fiber
optic cable. It converts the signals to electrical and sends them to up to eight Remote Access Units (RAUs) using CATV
cables. The Expansion Hub also receives configuration information from the Main Hub using the fiber optic cable and
relays it to the RAUs using CATV cable.
Uplink Path: The Expansion Hub receives uplink (Band1, 2, and 3) IF signals from up to eight RAUs using CATV cables. It
converts the signals to optical and sends them to a Main Hub using fiber optic cable.
The Expansion Hub also receives RAU status information using CATV cable and sends it and its own status information to
the Main Hub using the fiber optic cable.
The Expansion Hub acts an interface between the Main Hub and the Remote Access
Unit(s) by converting optical signals to electrical signals and vice versa, as shown in
Figure 4-1. It also supplies control signals and DC power to operate the Remote
Access Unit(s) as well as passing status information from the RAUs to the Main Hub.
Figure 4-1 Ex pansion Hub in a Fusion System
InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual4-1
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Expansion Hub Overview
Figure 4-2 Expansion Hub Block Diagram
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CONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev F
4.2Expansion Hub Front Panel
1 23 45
8
6
7
Figure 4-3 Ex pansion Hub Front Panel
Expansion Hub Front Panel
1. One port LED per type F connector port for link status and downstream RAU sta-
tus (8 pair total).
2. Eight CATV cable, type F connectors (labeled PORT 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
3. One pair of unit status LEDs
• One LED for unit power status (labeled
• One LED for unit status (labeled
4. One set of fiber connection status LEDs
• One LED for fiber downlink status (labeled
• One LED for fiber uplink status (labeled
5. One fiber optic port which has two connectors
POWER)
E-HUB STATUS)
DL STATUS)
UL STATUS)
• One standard female SC/APC connector for MMF/SMF output (labeled
UPLINK)
• One standard female SC/APC connector for MMF/SMF input (labeled
DOWNLINK)
6. One 9-pin D-sub male connector for TE factory testing (labeled CONSOLE)
7. One RJ-45 female connector for system communication and diagnostics using a
PC/laptop with direct connect or using a LAN switch (labeled
8. Power Switch
ADMIN/LAN)
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Expansion Hub Front Panel
4.2.175 Ohm Type F Connectors
4.2.2Manufacturing RS-232 Serial Connector
The eight type F connectors on the Expansion Hub are for the CATV cables used to
transmit and receive signals to and from RAUs. Use only 75 ohm type F connectors
on the CATV cable.
The CATV cable also delivers DC electrical power to the RAUs. The Expansion
Hub’s DC voltage output is 54V DC nominal. A current limiting circuit protects the
Hub if any port draws excessive power.
NOTE: For system performance, it is important to use only low loss solid copper center conductor CATV cable with quality type F connectors that use captive
centerpin connectors. Refer to Appendix A for approved cables and connectors.
Console Port
This console port is only used by TE manufacturing test purposes. DO NOT CONNECT ANYTHING TO IT.
Local Monitoring
Use a crossover Ethernet cable (PN-4069-ADB) to directly connect a laptop or PC to
the RJ-45 female connector for local monitoring or configuring the Expansion Hub
and associated RAUs using the AdminBrowser-EH resident software. The cable typically has a RJ-45 male connector on both ends. Refer to Appendix A.4 on page A-8
for the cable pinout and the AdminBrowser manual.
4.2.3Optical Fiber Uplink/Downlink Connectors
The optical fiber uplink/downlink port transmits and receives optical signals between
the Expansion Hub and the Main Hub using industry-standard SMF or MMF cable.
The fiber port has two female SC/APC connectors:
• Optical Fiber Uplink Connector
This connector (labeled
to the Main Hub.
• Optical Fiber Downlink Connector
This connector (labeled
nals from the Main Hub.
CAUTION: To avoid damaging the Expansion Hub’s fiber connector
ports, use only SC/APC fiber cable connectors. Additionally, use only
UPLINK) is used to transmit (output) uplink optical signals
DOWNLINK) is used to receive (input) downlink optical sig-
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CONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev F
SC/APC fiber connectors throughout the fiber network, including fiber distribu-
POWER
EH STATUS
DL STATUS
UL STATUS
POWER
EH STATUS
DL STATUS
UL STATUS
tion panels. This is critical for ensuring system performance.
4.2.4LED Indicators
The unit’s fr ont panel LEDs indicat e fault condition s and commanded or fault lockouts.
The LEDs do not indicate warnings or whether the system test has been performed.
Only use the LEDs to provide basic information or as a b ackup when you are not usi ng
AdminBrowser.
Upon power up, the Expansion Hub goes through a five-second test to check the LED
lamps. During this time, the LEDs blink through the states shown in Table 4-2, letting
you visually verify that the LED lamps and the firmware are functioning properly.
NOTE: Refer to Section 9 for troubleshooting using the LEDs.
Unit Status and DL/UL Status LEDs
The Expansion Hub unit status and DL/UL status LEDs can be in one of the states
shown in Table 4-1. These LEDs can be:
Expansion Hub Front Panel
steady green
steady red
off
Table 4-1 Expansion Hub Unit Status and DL/UL Status LED States
LED StateIndicates
Green / Green
Green / Green
Green / Green
Red / Green
• The Expansion Hub is connected to power and all power supplies are
operating.
• The Expansion Hub is not reporting a fault or lockout condition; but
the system test may need to be performed or a warning condition
could exist (use AdminManager to determine this).
• Optical power received is above minimum (the Main Hub is connected) although the cable optical loss may be greater than recommended maximum.
• Optical power transmitted (uplink laser) is normal and communications with the Main Hub are normal.
• Optical power received is above minimum (the Main Hub is connected) although the cable optical loss may be greater than recommended maximum.
• Optical power transmitted (uplink laser) is normal and communications with the Main Hub are normal.
• The Expansion Hub is reporting a fault.
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Expansion Hub Front Panel
POWER
EH STATUS
DL STATUS
UL STATUS
POWER
EH STATUS
DL STATUS
UL STATUS
POWER
EH STATUS
DL STATUS
UL STATUS
POWER
EH STATUS
DL STATUS
UL STATUS
POWER
EH STATUS
DL STATUS
UL STATUS
POWER
EH STATUS
DL STATUS
UL STATUS
POWER
EH STATUS
DL STATUS
UL STATUS
Table 4-1 Expansion Hub Unit Status and DL/UL S tatus LED States (continued)
LED StateIndicates
Green / Green
Green / Green
(60-ppm)
• Optical power received is above minimum (the Main Hub is connected) although the cable optical loss may be greater than recommended maximum.
• Optical power transmitted (uplink laser) is normal and communications with the Main Hub are normal.
• The Expansion Hub is reporting a commanded lockout.
Green / Red
Red / Green
• A fault condition was detected, optical power received is below minimum.
(the Main Hub is not connected, is not powered, or the Main Hub’s
downlink laser has failed, or the downlink fiber is disconnected or
damaged.)
Green / Green
Red / Red
• The Expansion Hub is reporting a fault condition.
• Optical power received is above minimum (Main Hub is connected)
although the cable optical loss may be greater than recommended
maximum.
• Optical power transmitted is below minimum (Expansion Hub uplink
laser has failed; unable to communicate with Main Hub).
UL STATUS
LED state must be checked within the first 90 second s after power on.
If initially green, then red after 90 seconds, it means that there is no
communication with the Main Hub. If red on power up, replace the
Expansion Hub.
Green / Red
Red / Red
• Optical power received is below minimum (the Main Hub is not connected, is not powered, or the Main Hub’s downlink laser has failed,
or the downlink fiber is disconnected or damaged.)
• Optical power transmitted is below minimum (the Expansion Hub
uplink laser has failed; is unable to communicate with the Main Hub).
UL STATUS LED state must be checked within the first 90 seconds
after power on. If initially green, then red after 90 seconds, it means
that there is no communication with the Main Hub. If red on power
up, the uplink laser has failed, replace the Expansion Hub.
Green /Off
• Expansion Hub is in factory test mode, return it to the factory.
Green / Off
Red/ Don’t
Care
• One or more power supplies are out of specification. The hub needs to
be replaced.
Red/ Don’t
Care
Green/ Red
• Expansion Hub failure. The Hub must be replaced.
Off/ Off
RJ-45 Port LEDs
The Expansion Hub has a port LED, labeled PORT, for each of the eight 75 Ohm,
Type F ports. The port LEDs can be in one of the states shown in Table 4-2. These
LEDs can be:
off
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CONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev F
steady green
PORT
PORT
PORT
PORT
PORT
1
2
3
4
steady red
flashing red (60 pulses per minute [PPM])
Table 4-2 Fusion Expa nsion Hub Port LED States
LED StateIndicates
Off• The RAU is not connected.
• The RAU is connected.
Green
Red
(60 PPM)
Red
(Steady)
• No faults from the RAU.
• The RAU was disconnected.
• The RAU is not communicating.
• The RAU port power is tripped.
• The RAU is disconnected.
• The RAU is reporting a fault.
Expansion Hub Rear Panel
Green
(60-ppm)
• The RAU is disconnected.
• The RAU is reporting a lockout condition.
4.3Expansion Hub Rear Panel
Figure 4-4 Expansion Hub Rear Panel
1. AC power cord connector
2. Two air exhaust vents
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Expansion Hub Rear Panel
3. One 9-pin D-sub female connector for contact alarm monitoring (labeled
ALARMS)
4. Ground lug for connecting unit to frame ground (labeled GROUND)
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Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages
Table 4-3 9-pin D-sub Pin Connector Functions
PinFunction
1Alarm Sense Input (DC Ground)
2Alarm Sense Input 3
3Alarm Sense Input 2
4N/C
5N/C
6DC Ground (common)
7N/C
8Alarm Sense Input 1
9N/C
This interface can monitor three single external alarm contacts (Alarm Sense Input 1
This interface monitors the output contact closures from a Universal Power Supply
(UPS). Verify the output contact closure state (normally closed or normally open) of
the UPS, and set the appropriate contact definition using AdminBrowser.
• Faults are service impacting.
• Warnings indicate a possible service impact.
• Status messages are generally not service impacting.through 3).
4.4Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages
Both fault and warning conditions of the Expansion Hub and attached RAUs are
reported to the Main Hub. Only faults are indicated by LEDs.
For more information, refer to Appendix C, “Faults, Warnings, Status Tables,” on
page C-1.
NOTE: You can select what type of events AdminBrowser displays. Refer
to Section 3.5.2 View Preference 3-12.
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Expansion Hub Specifications
4.5Expansion Hub Specifications
SpecificationDescription
Enclosure Dimensions (H
Weight< 6.6 kg (< 14.5 lb.)
Operating Temperature
Non-operating Temperature
Operating Humidity, non-condensing5% to 95%
CATV Connectors
Fiber Connectors
LED Alarm and Status IndicatorsUnit Status (1 pair):
External Alarm Connector (contact sense
monitor)
AC Power (Volts) (47–63 Hz)Rating: 100/240V AC, 6A, 50-60 Hz
Power Consumption (W)4 RAUs: 275 typical, 335 maximum
MTBF54,477 hours
Table 4-4 Expansion Hu b Sp eci fications
W D)89 mm x 438 mm x 381 mm
(3.5 in. x 17.25 in. x 15 in.) 2U
0° to +45°C (+32° to +113°F)
–20° to +85°C (–4° to +185°F)
a
b
8 F, female (CATV - 75 Ohm)
1 Pair, SC/APC
•Power
• E-Hub Status
Fiber Link Status (1 pair):
•DL Status
•UL Status
Port Status (1 pair per CATV port):
• Link/RAU
1 9-pin D-sub, female
Operating Range: 90-132V AC/170-250V AC auto-ranging
8 RAUs: 475 typical, 585 maximum
a. It is important that you use only recommended CATV 75 Ohm cable with quality F connectors.
b. It is critical to system performance that only SC/APC fiber connectors are used throughout the fiber network, including
fiber distribution panels.
4-10InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
The Remote Access Unit (RAU) is an active transceiver that connects to an Expansion Hub using industry-standard CATV cable, which delivers RF signals, configuration information, and electrical power to the RAU.
An RAU passes converted 1F to RF (Downlink) and converted RF to 1F (Uplink) signals between an Expansion Hub and an attached passive antenna where the signals
are transmitted to wireless devices as shown in Figure 5-1.
InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual5-1
D-620610-0-20 Rev FCONFIDENTIAL
RAU Overview
Fusion Expansion Hub
RAU
Downlink Path: The RAU receives downlink IF signals from a Fusion Hub using 75 Ohm CATV cable. It converts the sig-
nals to RF and sends them to a passive RF antenna using 50 Ohm coaxial cable. Also, the RAU receives configuration
information from the Fusion Hub using the 75 Ohm CATV cable.
Uplink Path: The RAU receives uplink RF signals from a passive RF antenna using 50 Ohm coaxial cable. It converts the
signals to IF and sends them to a Fusion Hub using 75 Ohm CATV cable. Also, the RAU sends its st atus information to the
Fusion Hub using CATV cable.
The RAU receives 54VDC power from the Fusion Hub port through the 75 Ohm CATV cable center pin.
Downlink to RAU
Uplink from RAU
Fusion Main Hub
Downlink to antenna
Uplink from antenna
,2,3*
* for FSN-W2-808519-1 RAU when Band 3 is active.
Figure 5-1 Remote Access Unit in a Fusion System
Figure 5-2 Remote Access Unit Block Diagram (Multiband)
5-2InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
CONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev F
RAU Overview
The Fusion RAUs are manufactured to a specific set of bands: one 35 MHz Band 1
(split into two sub-bands 1A and 1B for FSN-809019-2 and FSN-2-758519-1 RAU),
and one 75 MHz Band 2. Table 5-1 lists the Fusion RAUs, the Fusion Band, and the
frequency bands they cover.
Table 5-1 Frequency Bands Covered by Fusion RAUs
RF Passband
MAIN
HUB/
Fusion
RAUPart Number
Fusion
Band
Downlink
(MHz)
850/1900FSN-8519-1850869–894824–849125 MHz
19001930–19901850–1910260 MHz
900/1800FSN-9018-1900925–960880–915135 MHz
18001805–18801710–1785275 MHz
900/2100FSN-9021-1900925–960880–915135 MHz
21002110–21701920–1980260 MHz
850/1800FSN-8518-1850869-894824-849125 MHz
18001805-18801710-1785275 MHz
850/2100FSN-8521-1850869-894824-849125 MHz
21002110-21701920-1980260 MHz
800/900/
FSN-809019-2800 SMR851-869806-8241 (sub
1900
900 SMR935-941896-9023 (sub
1900
1930-19951850-1915265 MHz
(A-G)
2100
FSN-2100-121002110-21701920-1980260 MHz
(Single
band
RAU)
2100
FSN-21HP-121002110-21701920-1980260 MHz
High
Power
(Single
band
RAU)
Uplink
(MHz)
RAU
Band
band
1A)
band
1B)
RAU
Bandwidth
18 MHz
6 MHz
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RAU Overview
Table 5-1 Frequency Bands Covered by Fusion RAUs (continued)
RF Passband
Fusion
RAUPart Number
700 ABC/
850/1900
FSN-2-
708519-1
Fusion
Band
Downlink
(MHz)
850869-894824-8491 (sub-
700
728-746698-7163 (sub-
Uplink
(MHz)
(Lower
ABC)
1900
1930-19951850-1915265 MHz
(A-G)
700 UC/
850/1900
FSN-2-
758519-1
850869-894824-8491 (sub-
700
746-757776-7873 (sub(Upper
C)
1900
1930-19951850-1915265 MHz
(A-G)
MAIN
HUB/
RAU
Band
band
1A)
band
1B)
band
1A)
band
1B)
RAU
Bandwidth
25 MHz
18 MHz
25 MHz
11 MHz
5-4InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
CONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev F
RAU Overview
Table 5-2 System Gain (Loss) Relative to CATV Cable Length (All RAUs except
* Exceeding the distance of copper-clad cable will result in the attached RAU becoming
non-functional. If the distance of a cable run is at its maximum and is of concern, TE recommends the use of solid copper cable to ensure successful operation.
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Remote Access Unit Connectors
Table 5-3 System Gain (Loss) Relative to CATV Cable Length for 800/900/1900
* Exceeding the distance of copper-clad cable will result in the attached RAU becoming non-functional. If
the distance of a cable run is at its maximum and is of concern, TE recommends the use of solid copper
cable to ensure successful operation.
5.2Remote Access Unit Connectors
5.2.150 Ohm Type-N Connector
The RAU has one female type-N connector. The connector is a duplexed RF
input/output port that connects to a standard 50 passive antenna using coaxial cable.
5.2.275 Ohm Type-F Connector
The RAU has one type-F female connector that connects it to a Fusion Hub using
CATV 75 Ohm cable. Use RG-59, 6, or 11 solid copper center conductor cables.
5-6InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
CONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev F
NOTE: For system performance, it is important that you use only low loss,
LINK
ALARM
LINK
ALARM
LINK
ALARM
LINK
ALARM
LINK
ALARM
solid copper center conductor CATV cable with quality F connectors that use
captive centerpin conductors. Refer to Appendix A for specific information.
5.3RAU LED Indicators
Upon power up, the RAU goes through a two-second test to check the LED lamps.
During this time, the LEDs blink green/green red/red, letting you visually verify that
the LED lamps and the firmware are functioning properly.
NOTE: Refer to Section 9 for troubleshooting using the LEDs.
Status LEDs
RAU LED Indicators
The RAU status LEDs can be in one of the states shown in Table 5-4. These LEDs
can be:
off
steady green
steady red
There is no off state when the unit’s power is on.
Table 5-4 Remote Access Unit LED States
LED StateIndicates
Off
Off
Green
Green
Green
Red
Red
Red
Green (60-ppm)
Green (60-ppm)
• The RAU is not receiving DC power.
• The RAU is powered and is not indicating a fault
condition. Communication with the Fusion Hub
is normal; however, the system test may need to
be performed or a warning condition may exist
(use AdminBrowser to determine this).
• The RAU is indicating a fault or lockout condition, but communication with the Fusion Hub is
normal.
• The RAU is reporting a fault and is not able to
communicate with the Fusion Hub
• The RAU is reporting a lockout condition, but
communication with the Fusion Hub is normal.
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Faults and Warnings
5.4Faults and Warnings
Both fault and warning conditions are reported to the Fusion Hub where they are
stored. Only faults are indicated by the faceplate LEDs.
For more information, refer to Appendix C.
5.5Remote Access Unit Specifications
Table 5-5 Remote Access Unit Specifications
SpecificationDescription
Dimensions (H W D)
Weight< 2.1 kg (< 4.6 lb.)
Operating Temperature–25° to +45°C (–13° to +113°F)
Non-operating Temperature–25° to +85°C (–13° to +185°F)
Operating Humidity, non-condensing5% to 95%
RF ConnectorsOne Type-F, female (CATV - 75 ohms)
LED Alarm and Status IndicatorsUnit Status (1 pair):
Maximum Heat Dissipation (W)50 typical, 64 max (from the Hub)
MTBF211,600 hours (All Dual Band RAUs)
54 mm × 286 mm × 281 mm
(2.13 in. × 11.25 in. × 11.13 in.)
One Type-N, female
• Link
• Alarm
144,409 hours (800/900/1900 Tri-Band RAUs)
a
(antenna 50 ohms)
a. Two type N female connectors for FSN-2-708519-1 and FSN-2-758519-1 RAUs
NOTE: For system performance, it is important that you use only low loss,
solid copper center conductor CATV cable with quality F connectors that use
captive centerpin conductors. Refer to Appendix A for more information.
5-8InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
• Section 6.8 Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-39
6.1Overview
Designing a Fusion solution is a matter of determining coverage and capacity needs.
This requires the following steps:
1. Determine the wireless service provider’ s r equirements: Refer to Section6.2,
“Downlink RSSI Design Goal,” on page 6-3.
The following information is typically provided by the service provid er:
• Frequency (for example, 1900 MHz)
• Band (for example, “A-F” band in the PCS spectrum)
• Protocol (for example, CDMA, GSM, 1xRTT, GPRS, and so on)
• Number of sectors and peak capacity per sector (translates to the number of RF
carriers that the system will have to transmit)
• Downlink RSSI design goal (RSSI, received signal strength at the wireless
handset, for example, –85 dBm)
InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual6-1
D-620610-0-20 Rev FCONFIDENTIAL
Overview
The design goal is always a stronger signal than the mobile phone needs. It
includes inherent factors which affect performance.
• RF source (base station or bidirectional amplifier or repeater), type of equipment if possible.
2. Determine the downlink power per carrier from the RF source through the
DAS: Refer to Section 6.3, “Maximum Output Power per Carrier,” on page
6-4.
The maximum power per carrier is a function of modulation type, the number of
RF carriers, signal quality issues, regulatory emissions requirements, and Fusion’s
RF performance. Power per carrier decreases as the number of carriers increases.
3. Develop an RF link budget: Refer to Section 6.5, “Estimating RF Coverage,”
on page 6-15.
Knowing both the power per carrier and RSSI design goal, you can develop an RF
downlink link budget which estimates the allowable path loss from an RAU’s
antenna to the wireless handset.
allowable path loss = power per carrier + antenna gain – design goal
Satisfactory performance can be expected as long as path loss is below this level.
4. Determine the in-building envir onment: Refer to Section 6.5, “Estimating RF
Coverage,” on page 6-15.
• Determine which areas of the building require coverage (entire building, public
areas, parking levels, and so on.)
• Obtain floor plans to determine floor space of building and the wall layout of
the proposed areas to be covered. Floor plans are also useful when you are
selecting antenna locations.
• If possible, determine the building’s construction materials (sheetrock, metal,
concrete, and so on.)
• Determine the type of environment:
– Open layout (for example, a convention center)
– Dense, close walls (for example, a hospital)
– Mixed use (for example, an office building with hard wall offices and cubi-
cles)
5. Determine the appropriate estimated path loss slope that corresponds to the
type of building and its layout, and estimate the coverage distance for each
RAU: Refer to Section 6.5, “Estimat ing RF Coverage,” on page 6-15.
Use the path loss slope (PLS), which gives a value to the RF propagation characteristics within the building, to convert the RF link budget into an estimate of the
coverage distance per antenna. This helps establish the quantities of Fusion equipment you need. The actual path loss slope that corresponds to the specific RF
environment inside the building can also be determined empirically by performing an RF site-survey of the building. This involves transmitting a calibrated tone
for a fixed antenna and making measurements with a mobile antenna throughout
the area surrounding the transmitter.
6-2InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
CONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev F
6. Determine the items required to connect to the base station: Refer to
Section 6.8, “Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station,” on page 6-39.
Once you know the quantities of Fusion equipment to be used, you can determine
the accessories (combiners/dividers, surge suppressors, repeaters, attenuators, circulators, and so on.) required to connect the system to the base station.
The individual elements that must be considered in designing a Fusion solution are
explained in the following sections.
NOTE: Access the TE Customer Portal at http://www.te.com/adc for
on-line dimensioning and design tools.
6.2Downlink RSSI Design Goal
Wireless service providers t ypically provide a minimum downlink signal level and an
associated confidence factor when specifying coverage requirements. These two figures of merit are a function of wireless handset sensitivity and margins for fading and
body loss. Wireless handset sensitivity is the weakest signal that the handset can process reliably and is a combination of the thermal noise in the channel, noise figure of
the handset receiver front end and minimum required SNR. Fade margins for multipath fading (fast or small-scale) and log-normal shadow fading (slow or large-scale)
are determined by the desired confidence factor, and other factors. Downlink RSSI
design goal calculations for the GSM protocol are shown below for a 95% area coverage confidence factor.
Downlink RSSI Design Goal
Noise Power
10 Log (KT)+10 Log (200 KHz); K=1.38X10
–23
, T=300 degrees Kelvin
–121 dBm
Wireless Handset Noise Figure8 dB
Required SNR9 dB
Multipath Fade Margin
95% Reliability for Rician K=6 dB
Log-normal Fade Margin
95% Area/87% Edge Reliability for 35 dB PLS and 9 dB Sigma
6dB
10 dB
Body Attenuation+3 dB
Downlink RSSI Design Goal (P
Signal level received by wireless handset at edge of coverage area
DesignGoal
)
–85 dBm
Downlink design goals on the order of –85 dBm are typical for protocols, such as
GSM and iDEN. Wireless service providers may choose a higher level to ensure that
in-building signal dominates any macro signal that may be leaking into the building.
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Maximum Output Power per Carrier
6.3Maximum Output Power per Carrier
The following tables show the recommended maximum power per carrier out of the
RAU 50 Ohm Type-N connector for different frequencies, protocols, and numbers of
carriers. These maximum levels are dictated by RF signal quality and regulatory
emissions issues. In general, as the number of RF carrier increases, the maximum
power per carrier decreases. If these levels are exceeded, signal quality will be
degraded and/or regulator requirements will be violated. The maximum input power
to the Hub is determined by subtracting the system gain from the maximum output
power of the RAU. System gain is software selectable from 0 dB to 15 dB in 1 dB
steps.Additionally, both the uplink and downlink gain of each RAU can be attenuated
0 or 10 dB.
When connecting a Hub to a base station or repeater, attenuation on the downlink is
typically required to avoid exceeding Fusion’s maximum output power recommendations.
WARNING: Exceeding the maximum input power may cause permanent damage to the Hub. Do not exceed the maximum composite input
power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Hub at any time.
NOTE: These specifications are for downlink power at the RAU output (excluding
antenna).
6-4InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
CONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev F
6.3.1700 MHz (Lower ABC)
Table 6-1 700 MHz (Lower ABC) Power per Carrier
Maximum Output Power per Carrier
No. of
Carriers
1
215.0
313.0
412.0
511.0
Note: Operation at or above these output power levels may prevent Fusion from meeting RF performance specifications or FCC Part 15 and EN55022 emissions requirements.
6.3.2700 MHz (Upper C)
Table 6-2 700 MHz (Upper C) Power per Carrier
No. of
Carriers
1
215.0
313.0
412.0
511.0
Note: Operation at or above these output power levels may prevent Fusion from meeting RF performance specifications or FCC Part 15 and EN55022 emissions requirements.
Power per Carrier (dBm)
LTE
18.0
Power per Carrier (dBm)
LTE
18.0
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Maximum Output Power per Carrier
6.3.3850 MHz Cellular
Cellular Power per Carrier
Power per Carrier (dBm)
No. of
Carriers
116.516.518.018.018.0
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
20
30
Note: Operation at or above these output power levels may prevent Fusion from meeting RF performance specifications
or FCC Part 15 and EN55022 emissions requirements.
GSMEDGE
13.513.515.015.015.0
11.511.513.013.013.0
10.010.012.012.012.0
9.09.011.011.011.0
8.58.510.0
8.08.09.5
7.57.59.0
7.07.0
6.56.5
6.56.5
6.06.0
5.55.5
5.55.5
5.05.0
5.05.0
4.54.0
3.02.0
CDMA
2000WCDMALTE
6-6InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
Note: Operation at or above these output power levels may prevent Fusion from meeting RF performance specifications or FCC Part 15 and EN55022 emissions requirements.
Note: Operation at or above these output power levels may prevent Fusion
from meeting RF performance specifications or FCC Part 15 and EN55022
emissions requirements.
GSMEDGE
6-8InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
Note: Operation at or above these output power levels may prevent Fusion from meeting RF performance specifications or FCC
Part 15 and EN55022 emissions requirements.
Maximum Output Power per Carrier
GSMEDGE
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Maximum Output Power per Carrier
6.3.71900 MHz PCS
Table 6-6 PCS Power per Carrier
Power per Carrier (dBm)
No. of
Carriers
116.516.518.018.018.0
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
20
30
Note: Operation at or above these output power levels may prevent Fusion from meeting RF performance
specifications or FCC Part 15 and EN55022 emissions requirements.
GSMEDGE
15.515.515.015.015.0
13.513.513.013.013.0
12.012.012.012.012.0
11.010.511.011.011.0
10.59.510.0
10.09.09.5
9.08.09.0
8.57.5
8.07.0
7.56.5
7.06.0
6.56.0
6.55.5
6.05.0
5.55.0
4.54.0
3.02.0
CDMA
2000WCDMALTE
6-10InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
CONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev F
6.3.82.1 GHz UMTS
Table 6-7 UMTS Power per Carrier
Maximum Output Power per Carrier
No. of
Carriers
1
211.0
38.0
46.5
55.0
64.0
73.0
Note: measurements taken with no baseband clipping.
Note: Operation at or above these output power levels may prevent Fusion from meet-
ing RF performance specifications or FCC Part 15 and EN55022 emissions requirements.
Power per
Carrier (dBm)
6.3.92.1 GHz UMTS High Power
Table 6-8 UMTS Power per Carrier
No. of
Carriers
1
218.0
315.0
413.5
512.0
611.0
710.0
Note: Measurements taken with no baseband clipping.
Note: Operation at or above these output power levels may prevent Fusion from meet-
ing RF performance specifications or FCC Part 15 and EN55022 emissions requirements.
Power per
Carrier (dBm)
WCDMA
15.0
WCDMA
22.0
Designing for Capacity Growth
Fusion systems are deployed to enhance in-building coverage and/or to off-load
capacity from a macro cell site. In many instances, subscriber usage increases with
time and the wireless provider responds by increasing the load on the installed Fusion
system. For example, the initial deployment might only require two RF carriers, but
four RF carriers may be needed in the future based on capacity growth forecasts.
There are two options for dealing with this scenario:
1. Design the initial coverage with a maximum power per carrier for four RF carri-
ers. This will likely result in additional RAUs.
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System Gain
2. Design the initial coverage for two RF carriers, but reserve RAU ports on the Hub
for future use. These ports can be used to fill potential coverage holes once the
power per carrier is lowered to accommodate the two additional carriers.
6.4System Gain
The system gain of the Fusion defaults to 0 dB or can be set up to 15 dB in 1 dB
increments. In addition, uplink and downlink gains of each RAU can be independently attenuated by 0 or 10 dB using AdminBrowser.
The recommended maximum lengths of CATV cable are as follows:
• For RG-59 cable 150 meters for CommScope PN 2065V.
• For RG-6 cable 170 meters for CommScope PN 2279V.
• For RG-11 cable 275 meters for CommScope PN 2293K.
If the maximum distance is not required, then copper-clad over steel center -conductor
cable may be use to reduce cable costs.
If the CATV cable is longer than the recommended distance per cable type, the gain
of the system will decrease, as shown in Table 6-9 and Table 6-10.
6-12InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
CONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev F
System Gain
Table 6-9
System Gain (Loss) Relative to CA TV Cable Length (All RAUs except
800/900/1900)
Comm-
Scope
Cable
Type
RG-59
RG-6
RG-11
Part
Number
2065VYesX150210
2022VYesX120120*
5572RNoX110110*
5565NoX150210
2279VYesX170230
2275VYesX170175*
5726NoX170170*
5765NoX170230
2293KYesX275375
2285KYesX275370*
5913NoX275370*
Plenum
Rated
Solid
Copper
Conductor
Copper
Clad
Conductor
Zero-loss
RF
Maximum
Length
(meters)
Distance
Where
RF is
10dB
Below
Input RF
(meters)
* Exceeding the distance of copper-clad cable will result in the attached RAU becoming non-functional. If
the distance of a cable run is at its maximum and is of concern, TE recommends the use of solid copper
cable to ensure successful operation.
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System Gain
Table 6-10
RAUs
Cable
Type
RG-59
RG-6
RG-11
System Gain (Loss) Relative to CATV Cable Length for 800/900/1900
* Exceeding the distance of copper-clad cable will result in the attached RAU becoming non-functional. If
the distance of a cable run is at its maximum and is of concern, TE recommends the use of sol id cop p e r
cable to ensure successful operation.
6-14InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
CONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev F
6.5Estimating RF Coverage
RAU
P = power per
Distance = d
G = Antenna Gain
RSSI = power at the
wireless device
carrier from the RAU
L
coax
= Coaxial cable loss
The maximum output power per carrier (based on the number and type of RF carriers
being transmitted) and the minimum acceptable received power at the wireless device
(that is, the RSSI design goal) essentially establish the RF downlink budget and, consequently, the maximum allowable path loss (APL) between the RAU’s antenna and
the wireless device. Since in-building systems, such as the Fusion, are generally
downlink-limited, this approach is applicable in the majority of deployments.
Figure 6-1 Determining APL between the Antenna and the Wireless Device
Estimating RF Coverage
APL = (P – L
+ G) – RSSI(1)
coax
where:
• APL = the maximum allo wab le path loss in dB
• P = the power per carrier transmitted by the RAU in dBm
•L
= the coaxial cable loss between the RAU and passive antenna in dB
coax
• G = the gain of the passive antenna in dBi
Coaxial cable is used to connect the RAU to an antenna. T able 6-11 lists coaxial cable
loss for various cable lengths.
Table 6-11 Coaxial Cable Losses (
Length of Cable
(.195 in. diameter)
0.9 m (3 ft)0.60.8
1.8 m (6 ft)1.01.5
3.0 m (10 ft)1.52.3
Loss at
850 MHz (dB)
L
coax)
Loss at
1900 MHz (dB)
You can calculate the distance, d, corresponding to the maximum allowable path loss
using equations introduced in the following sections.
D-620610-0-20 Rev FCONFIDENTIAL
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Estimating RF Coverage
6.5.1Path Loss Equation
In-building path loss obeys the distance power law1 in equation (2):
PL = 20log
(4d0f/c) + 10nlog10(d/d0) +
10
s
where:
• PL is the path loss at a distance, d, from the antenna
• d = the distance expressed in meters
•d
= free-space path loss distance in meters
0
• f = the operating frequency in Hertz.
• c = the speed of light in a vacuum (3.0 × 10
8
m/sec).
• n = the path loss exponent and depends on the building “clutter” and frequency
of operation
•
s= a normal random variable that depends on partition material and geome-
tries inside the building and is accounted for by the log-normal fade margin
used in the downlink RSSI design goal calculation
As a reference, T able6-12 provides estimates of signal loss fo r some RF barriers
Table 6-12 Average Signal Loss of Common Building Materials
Partition TypeLoss (dB)Frequency (MHz)
Metal wall26815
Aluminum siding20815
Foil insulation4815
Cubicle walls1.4900
Concrete block wall131300
Concrete floor101300
Sheetrock1 to 21300
Light machinery31300
General machinery71300
Heavy machinery111300
Equipment racks71300
Assembly line61300
Ceiling duct51300
Metal stairs51300
(2)
1
.
1. Rappaport, Theodore S. W ireless Communications, Principles, and Practice. Prentice Hall PTR, 1996.
6-16InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
CONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev F
6.5.2RAU Coverage Distance
Use equations (1) and (2), on pages 6-15 and 6-16, respectively, to estimate the distance from the antenna to where the RF signal decreases to the minimum acceptable
level at the wireless device.
Estimating RF Coverage
With d
set to one meter and path loss slope (PLS) defined as 10n, Equation (2) can
0
be simplified to:
PL(d) = 20log
Table 6-13 gives the value of the first term of Equation (3) (that is., (20log
(4f/c) + PLS·log10(d)(3)
10
(4f/c))
10
for various frequency bands.
Table 6-13 Frequency Bands and the Value of the First Term in Equation (3)
T able 6-14 shows estimated PLS for various environments that have different “clutter” (that is, objects that attenuate the RF signals, such as walls, partitions, stairwells,
equipment racks, and so.).
Table 6-14 Estimated Path Loss Slope for Different In-Building Environments
Environment TypeExample
Open Environment
very few RF obstructions
Moderately Open Environment
low-to-medium amount of RF
obstructions
Mildly Dense Environment
medium-to-high amount of RF
obstructions
Moderately Dense Environment
medium-to-high amount of RF
obstructions
Dense Environment
large amount of RF obstructions
Parking Garage, Convention Center33.730.1
Warehouse, Airport, Manufacturing3532
Retail, Office Space with approximately 80% cubicles and 20% hard
walled offices
Office Space with approximately
50% cubicles and 50% hard walled
offices
Hospital, Office Space with approximately 20% cubicles and 80% hard
walled offices
By setting the path loss to the maxi mum allowabl e level ( PL = APL), equa tion (3) can
be used to estimate the maximum coverage distance of an antenna connected to an
RAU, for a given frequency and type of in-building environment.
d = 10^((APL - 20log
For reference, Tables 6-16 through 6-20 show the distance covered by an antenna for
various in-building environments. The following assumptions were made:
PLS for
850/900 MHz
36.133.1
37.634.8
39.438.1
(4f/c))/PLS)(4)
10
PLS for
1800/1900 MHz
• Path loss Equation (4)
• 6 dBm output per carrier at the RAU output
• 3 dBi antenna gain
• RSSI design goal = –85 dBm (typical for narrowband protocols, but not for
spread-spectrum protocols)
6-18InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
CONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev F
Table 6-15 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 800 MHz SMR Applications
Distance from Antenna
Estimating RF Coverage
Environment Type
MetersFeet
Open Environment75244
Moderately Open Environment64208
Mildly Dense Environment56184
Moderately Dense Environment48156
Dense Environment40131
Table 6-16 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 850 MHz Cellular Applications
Distance from Antenna
Environment Type
MetersFeet
Open Environment73241
Moderately Open Environment63205
Mildly Dense Environment55181
Moderately Dense Environment47154
Dense Environment39129
Table 6-17 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 900 MHz SMR Applications
Distance from Antenna
Facility
MetersFeet
Open Environment70230
Moderately Open Environment60197
Mildly Dense Environment53174
Moderately Dense Environment45148
Dense Environment38125
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Estimating RF Coverage
Table 6-18 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 900 MHz EGSM Applications
Distance from Antenna
Facility
MetersFeet
Open Environment70231
Moderately Open Environment60197
Mildly Dense Environment53174
Moderately Dense Environment45149
Dense Environment38125
Table 6-19 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 1800 MHz DCS Applications
Distance from Antenna
Facility
Open Environment75246
Moderately Open Environment58191
Mildly Dense Environment50166
Moderately Dense Environment42137
Dense Environment30100
MetersFeet
6-20InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
CONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev F
Table 6-20 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 1900 MHz PCS Applications
Distance from Antenna
Estimating RF Coverage
Facility
MetersFeet
Open Environment72236
Moderately Open Environment56183
Mildly Dense Environment49160
Moderately Dense Environment40132
Dense Environment2996
Table 6-21 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 2.1 GHz UMTS Applications
Distance from Antenna
Facility
Open Environment69226
Moderately Open Environment54176
Mildly Dense Environment47154
Moderately Dense Environment39128
Dense Environment2893
MetersFeet
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Estimating RF Coverage
6.5.3Examples of Design Estimates
Example Design Estimate for an 850 MHz TDMA Application
1. Design goals:
• Cellular (859 MHz = average of the lowest uplink and the highest downlink
frequency in 800 MHz Cellular band)
• TDMA provider
• 12 TDMA carriers in the system
• –85 dBm design goal (to 95% of the building) — the minimum received power
at the wireless device
• Base station with simplex RF connections
2. Power Per Carrier: The tables in Section 6.3, “Maximum Output Power per Car-
rier,” on page 6-4 provide maximum power per carrier information. The 850 MHz
TDMA table (on page 6-5) indicates that Fusion can support 10 carriers with a
recommended maximum power per carrier of 7.0 dBm. The input power should
be set to the desired output power minus the system gain.
3. Building information:
• Eight floor building with 9,290 sq. meters (100,000 sq. ft.) per floor; total
74,322 sq. meters (800,000 sq. ft.).
• Walls are sheetrock construction , suspended ceiling tiles.
• Antennas used will be omni-directional, ceiling mounted.
• Standard office environment, 50% hard wall offices and 50% cubicles.
4. Link Budget: In this example, a design goal of –85 dBm is used. Suppose 3 dBi
omni-directional antennas are used in the design. Then, the maximum RF propagation loss should be no more than 94.5 dB (6.5 dBm + 3 dBi + 85 dBm) over
95% of the area being covered. It is important to note that a design goal such as
–85 dBm is usually derived taking into account multipath fading and log-normal
shadowing characteristics. Thus, this design goal will only be met “on average”
over 95% of the area being covered. At any given point, a fade may bring the signal level underneath the design goal.
Note that this method of calculating a link budget is only for the downlink path.
For information to calculate link budgets for both the downlink and uplink paths,
refer to Section 6.6 on page 6-26.
5. Path Loss Slope: For a rough estimate, Tabl e 6-14, “Estimated Path Loss Slope for
Different In-Building Environments” o n page 6-18, shows that a building with 50%
hard wall offices and 50% cubicles, at 859 MHz, has an approximate path loss slope
(PLS) of 37.6. Given the RF link budget of 95.5 dB, the distance of coverage from
each RAU will be 52 meters (170.6 ft). This corresponds to a coverage area of
8,494 sq. meters (91,425 sq. ft.) per RAU (refer to Sec t i o n 6 . 5 . 1 f o r d e t a i l s on path
loss estimation). For this case we assumed a circular radiation pattern, th ough t he
actual area covered depends upon the pattern of the antenna and the obstructio ns in
the facility.
6-22InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
CONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev F
Estimating RF Coverage
Equipment Required: Since you know the building size, you can now estimate
the Fusion equipment quantities that will be needed. Before any RF levels are
tested in the building, you can estimate that two antennas per level will be needed.
This assumes no propagation between floors. If there is propagation, you may not
need antennas on every floor.
a. 2 antennas per floor × 8 floors = 16 RAUs
b. 16 RAUs ÷ 8 (maximum 8 RAUs per Expansion Hub) = 2 Expansion Hubs
c. 2 Expansion Hubs ÷ 4 (maximum 4 Expansion Hubs per Main Hub) = 1 Main
Hub
Check that the fiber and CATV cable distances are as recommended. If the distances differ, use the tables in Section 6.4, “System Gain,” on page 6-12 to determine system gains or losses. The path loss may need to be recalculated to assure
adequate signal levels in the required coverage distance.
The above estimates assume that all cable length requirements are met. If Expansion
Hubs cannot be placed so that the RAUs are within the distance requirement, additional Expansion Hubs may need to be placed closer to the required RAUs locations.
An RF Site Survey and Building Evaluation is required to accurately establish the
Fusion equipment quantities required for the building. The site survey measures the
RF losses within the building to determine the actual PLS, which are used in the final
path loss formula to determine the actual requirements of the Fusion system.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-99606-23
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Estimating RF Coverage
Example Design Estimate for an 1900 MHz CDMA Application
1. Design goals:
• PCS (1920 MHz = average of the lowest uplink and the highest downlink frequency in 1900 MHz PCS band)
• CDMA provider
• 8 CDMA carriers in the system
• –85 dBm design goal (to 95% of the building) — the minimum received power
at the wireless device
• Base station with simplex RF connections
2. Power Per Carrier: The tables in Section 6.3, “Maximum Output Power per Car-
rier,” on page 6-4 provide maximum power per carrier information. The 1900
MHz CDMA table (on page 6-10) indicates that Fusion can support eight carriers
with a recommended maximum power per carrier of 6.5 dBm. The input power
should be set to the desired output power minus the system gain.
3. Building information:
• 16 floor building with 9,290 sq. meters (100,000 sq. ft.) per floor; total
148,640 sq. meters (1,600,000 sq. ft.).
• Walls are sheetrock construction , suspended ceiling tiles.
• Antennas used are omni-directional, ceiling mounted.
• Standard office environment, 80% hard wall offices and 20% cubicles.
4. Link Budget: In this example, a design goal of –85 dBm is used. Suppose 3 dBi
omni-directional antennas are used in the design. Then, the maximum RF propagation loss should be no more than 94.5 dB (6.5 dBm + 3 dBi + 85 dBm) over
95% of the area being covered. It is important to note that a design goal such as
–85 dBm is usually derived taking into account multipath fading and log-normal
shadowing characteristics. Thus, this design goal will only be met “on average”
over 95% of the area being covered. At any given point, a fade may bring the signal level underneath the design goal.
Note that this method of calculating a link budget is only for the downlink path.
For information to calculate link budgets for both the downlink and uplink paths,
refer to Section 6.6 on page 6-26.
5. Path Loss Slope: For a rough estimate, Tabl e 6-14, “Estimated Path Loss Slope for
Different In-Building Environments” o n page 6-18, shows that a building with 80%
hard wall offices and 20% cubicles, at 1920 MHz, has an approxi mate p ath loss
slope (PLS) of 38.1. Given the RF link budget of 94.5 dB, the distance of coverage
from each RAU will be 30.2 meters (99 ft). This corresponds to a coverage area
of 2,868 sq. meters (30,854 sq. ft.) per RAU (refer to Secti o n 6 . 5 . 1 for detail s on
path loss estimation). For this case we assumed a circular radiation patt ern, thoug h
the actual area covered depends up on the pattern of the antenna and the obstru ctions
in the facility .
6-24InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
CONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev F
Estimating RF Coverage
6. Equipment Required: Since you know the building size, you can now estimate
the Fusion equipment quantities needed. Before you test any RF levels in the
building, you can estimate that four antennas per level will be needed. This
assumes no propagation between floors. If there is propagation, you may not need
antennas on every floor.
a. 4 antennas per floor × 16 floors = 64 RAUs
b. 64 RAUs ÷ 8 (maximum 8 RAUs per Expansion Hub) = 8 Expansion Hubs
c. 8 Expansion Hubs ÷ 4 (maximum 4 Expansion Hubs per Main Hub) = 2 Main
Hubs
Check that the fiber and Cat-5/5E/6 cable distances are as recommended. If the
distances differ, use the tables in Section 6.4, “System Gain,” on page 6-12 to
determine system gains or losses. The path loss may need to be recalculated to
assure adequate signal levels in the required coverage distance.
The above estimates assume that all cable length requirements are met. If Expansion
Hubs cannot be placed so that the RAUs are within the distance requirement, additional Expansion Hubs may need to be placed closer to the required RAUs locations.
An RF Site Survey and Building Evaluation is required to accurately establish the
Fusion equipment quantities required for the building. The site survey measures the
RF losses within the building to determine the actual PLS, used in the final path loss
formula to determine the actual requirements of the Fusion system.
Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-99606-25
D-620610-0-20 Rev FCONFIDENTIAL
Link Budget Analysis
6.6Link Budget Analysis
A link budget is a methodical way to account for the gains and losses in an RF system
so that the quality of coverage can be predicted. The end result can often be stated as
a “design goal” in which the coverage is determined by the maximum distance from
each RAU before the signal strength falls beneath that goal.
One key feature of the link budget is the maximum power per carrier explained in
Section 6.3. While the maximum power per carrier is important as far as emissions
and signal quality requirements are concerned, it is critical that the maximum signal
into the Main Hub never exceed 1W (+30 dBm). Composite power levels above this
limit will cause damage to the Main Hub.
WARNING: Exceeding the maximum input power of 1W (+30 dBm)
could cause permanent damage to the Main Hub.
NOTE: Visit the TE customer portal at http://www.te.com/adc for the
on-line Link Budget Tool.
6.6.1Elements of a Link Budget for Narrowband Standards
The link budget represents a typical calculation that might be used to determine how
much path loss can be afforded in a Fusion design. This link budget analyzes both the
downlink and uplink paths. For most configurations, the downlink requires lower
path loss and is therefore the limiting factor in the system design. It is for this reason
that a predetermined “design goal” for the downlink is sufficient to predict coverage
distance.
The link budget is organized in a simple manner: the transmitted power is calculated,
the airlink losses due to fading and body loss are summed, and the receiver sensitivity
(minimum level a signal can be received for acceptable call quality) is calculated. The
maximum allowable path loss (in dB) is the difference between the transmitted
power, less the airlink losses, and the receiver sensitivity. From the path loss, the
maximum coverage distance can be estimated using the path loss formula presented
in Section 6.5.1.
Table 6-22 provides link budget considerations for narrowband systems.
6-26InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
Table 6-22 Link Budget Considerations for Narrowband Systems
ConsiderationDescription
BTS Transmit PowerThe power per carrier transmitted from the base station output
Attenuation between
BTS and Fusion
This includes all losses: cable, attenuator, splitter/combiner, and so forth.
On the downlink, attenuation must be chosen so that the maximum power per carrier going into the
Main Hub does not exceed the levels given in Section 6.3.
On the uplink, attenuation is chosen to keep the maximum uplink signal and noise level low enough
to prevent base station alarms but small enough not to cause degradation in the system sensitivity.
If the Fusion noise figure minus the attenuation is at least 10 dB higher than the BTS noise figure,
the system noise figure is approximately that of Fusion alone. Refer to Section 6.8 for ways to independently set the uplink and downlink attenuations between the base station and Fusion.
Antenna GainThe radiated output power includes antenna gain. For example, if you use a 3 dBi antenna at the
RAU that is transmitting 0 dBm per carrier, the ef fect ive radiated power (relative to an isotropic radiator) is 3 dBm per carrier.
BTS Noise FigureThis is the effective noise floor of the base station input (usually base station sensitivity is this effec-
tive noise floor plus a certain C/I ratio).
Fusion Noise FigureThis is Fusion’s uplink noise figure, which varies depending on the number of Expansion Hubs and
RAUs, and the frequency band. Fusion’s uplink noise figure is specified for a 1-1-8 configuration.
Thus, the noise figure for a Fusion system (or multiple systems whose uplink ports are power combined) is NF(1-1-8) + 10*log(# of Expansion Hubs). This represents an upper-bound because the
noise figure is lower if any of the Expansion Hub’ s RAU ports are not used.
Thermal NoiseThis is the noise level in the signal bandwidt h (B W).
Thermal noise power = –174 dBm/Hz + 10Log(BW).
Required C/I ratioFor each wireless standard, a certain C/I (carrier to interference) r ati o is needed to obtain acceptable
demodulation performance. For narrowband systems, (TDMA, GSM, EDGE, iDEN, AMPS) this
level varies from about 9 dB to 20 dB.
Mobile Transmit
The maximum power the mobile can transmit (power transmitte d at highest power level setting).
Power
Multipath Fade
Margin
This margin allows for a certain level of fading due to multipath interference. Inside buildings there
is often one or more fairly strong signals and many weaker signals arriving from reflections and diffraction. Signals arriving from multiple paths add constructively or destructively. This ma rgin
accounts for the possibility of destructive multipath interference. In RF site surveys the effect s of
multipath fading are typically not accounted for because such fading is averaged out over power
level samples taken over many locations.
D-620610-0-20 Rev FCONFIDENTIAL
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Link Budget Analysis
Table 6-22 Link Budget Considerations for Narrowband Systems (continued)
ConsiderationDescription
Log-normal Fade
Margin
This margin adds an allowance for RF shadowing due to objects obstructing the direct pa th between
the mobile equipment and the RAU. In RF site surveys, the effects of shadowing are partially
accounted for since it is characterized by relatively slow changes in power level.
Body LossThis accounts for RF attenuation caused by the user’s head and body.
Minimum Received
Signal Level
This is also referred to as the “design goal”. The link budget says that you can achieve adequate cov-
erage if the signal level is, on average, above this level over 95% of the area covered, for example.
6-28InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
CONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev F
Link Budget Analysis
6.6.2Narrowband Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application
Table 6-23 Narrowband Link Budget Analysis: Downlink
LineDownlink
Transmitter
a.BTS transmit power per carrier (dBm)33
b.Attenuation between BTS and Fusion (dB)–23
c.Power into Fusion (dBm)10
d.Fusion gain (dB)0
e.Antenna gain (dBi)3
f.Radiated power per carrier (dBm)13
Airlink
g.Multipath fade margin (dB)6
h.Log-normal fade margin with 9 dB std. deviation, 95% area coverage,
87% edge coverage
i.Body loss (dB)3
j.Airlink losses (not including facility path loss)19
10
Receiver
k.Thermal noise (dBm/30 kHz)–129
l.Mobile noise figure (dB)7
m.Required C/I ratio (dB)17
n.Minimum received signal (dBm)–105
p.Maximum path loss (dB)+99
• c = a + b
• f = c + d + e
• j = g + h + i
• n = k + l + m
• k: in this example, k represents the thermal noise for a TDMA signal, which
has a bandwidth of 30 kHz
• p = f – j – n
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Link Budget Analysis
F
sys
= F1 +++ ....
F
2
– 1
G
1
F3 – 1
G1G
2
where
F = 10
(See Rappaport, Theodore S. Wireless Communications, Principles, and Practice. Prentice Hall PTR, 1996.)
(Noise Figure/10)
G = 10
(Gain/10)
Table 6-24 Narrowband Link Budget Analysis: Uplink
LineUplink
Receiver
a.BTS noise figure (dB)4
b.Attenuation between BTS and Fusion (dB)–10
c.Fusion gain (dB)0
d.Fusion noise figure (dB) 1-4-3222
e.System noise figure (dB)22.6
f.Thermal noise (dBm/30 kHz)–129
g.Required C/I ratio (dB)12
h.Antenna gain (dBi)3
i.Receive sensitivity (dBm)–97.4
Airlink
j.Multipath fade margin (dB)6
k.Log-normal fade margin with 9 dB std. deviation, 95% area coverage,
87% edge coverage
l.Body loss (dB)3
m.Airlink losses (not including facility path loss)19
10
Transmitter
n.Mobile transmit power (dBm)28
p.Maximum path loss (dB)106.4
• e: enter the noise figure and gain of each system component (a, b, c, and d) into
the standard cascaded noise figure formula
• i = f + e + g – h
• m = j + k + l
• p = n – m – i
Therefore, the system is downlink limited but the downlink and uplink are almost
balanced, which is a desirable condition.
6-30InterReach Fusion Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
CONFIDENTIALD-620610-0-20 Rev F
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