How it Works
ADC
Loading...
DAS9M-2-W
User Manual
74 pgs2 Mb0
User Manual
122 pgs2.64 Mb0

ADC DAS9M-2-W User Manual

Download
®
TM
LGCell Wireless
Networking System
Version 4.0
Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
PN 8100-40
620004-0 Rev. B
This manual is produced for use by LGC Wireless personnel, licensees, an d customers. The information contained herein is the property of LGC Wireless. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the express written permission of LGC Wireless.
LGC Wireless reserves the right to make c hanges, without notice, to the specifications and materials contained herein, and sh all not be responsible for any damages caused by reliance on the material as presented, including, but not limited to, typographical and listing errors.
Your comments are welcome – they help us improve our products and documentation. Please address your comments to LGC Wireless, Inc. corporate headquarters in San Jose, California:
Address 2540 Junction Avenue
San Jose, California 95134-1902 USA
Attn: Marketing Dept. Phone 1-408-952-2400 Fax 1-408-952-2410 Help Hot Line 1-800-530-9960 (U.S. only)
+1-408-952-2400 (International)
+44(0) 1223 597812 (Europe) Web Address http://www.lgcwireless.com e-mail info@lgcwireless.com
service@lgcwireless.com
Copyright © 2001 by LGC Wireless, Inc. Printed in USA. All rights reserved.
Trademarks
All trademarks identified by ™ or ® are trademarks or registered trademark of LGC Wireless, Inc. All other trademarks belong to their respective owners.
620004-0 Rev. B
Limited Warranty
Seller warrants articles of its manufacture against defective materials or workmanship for a period of one year from the date of shipment to Purchaser, except as provided in an y warranty applicable to Purchaser on or in the package containing the Goods (which wa rranty tak es precedence over the following warranty). The liability of Seller under the foregoing warranty is limited, at Seller’s option, solely to repair or replacement with equivalent Goods, or an appropriate adjustment not to exceed the sales price to Purchaser, provided that (a) Seller is notified in writing by Purchaser, within the one year warranty period, prompt ly upon discovery of defects, with a detailed descripti on of such defects, (b) Purchaser has obtained a Return Materials Authorization (RMA) from Seller, which RMA Seller agrees to provide Purchaser promptly upon request, (c) the defective Goods are returned to Seller, transportation and other applicable charges prepaid by the Purchaser, and (d )Seller’s examination of such Goods discloses to its reasonable satisfaction that defects were not caused by negligence, misuse, improper installation, improper maintenance, accident or unauthorized repair or alteration or any other cause outside the scope of Purchaser’s warranty made hereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Seller shall have the opt ion to r epair any defective Goods at Purchaser’s facility. The original warranty period for any Goods that have been repaired or replaced by seller will not thereby be exten ded. In additi on, all s ales will be subject to standard terms and conditions on the sal es con tract.
PN 8100-40 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
620004-0 Rev. B
620004-0 Rev. B
Table of Content s
SECTION 1 General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
1.1 Purpose and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
1.2 Conventions in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
1.3 Acronyms in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
1.4 Standards Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
1.5 Related Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
SECTION 2
LGCell 4.0 System Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
2.1 System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
2.2 System Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
2.2.1 Using LGCell to Increase Coverage and Capacity . . . . . . . . . 2-6
2.2.2 Using LGCell to Increase Coverage, Capacity,
and Functionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
2.2.3 Using LGCell to Simultaneously Support Multiple
Bands/Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
2.3 System Bandwidths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
2.3.1 Fixed Bandwidth Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
2.3.2 Variable Bandwidth Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
2.4 System Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
2.4.1 Environmental Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
2.4.2 Physical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
2.4.3 Alarm LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
SECTION 3 LGCell Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
3.1 LGCell Main Hub Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
3.1.1 MMF Downlink/Uplink Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
3.1.2 Main Hub LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
3.2 LGCell Main Hub Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
3.2.1 Main Hub Rear Panel Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
3.3 LGCell Main Hub Alarm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8
3.4 LGCell Main Hub Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9
PN 8100-40 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual i
620004-0 Rev. B
SECTION 4 LGCell Expansion Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
4.1 LGCell Expansion Hub Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
4.1.1 MMF Downlink/Uplink Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
4.1.2 RJ-45 Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
4.1.3 Expansion Hub LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
4.2 LGCell Expansion Hub Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
4.3 LGCell Expansion Hub Alarm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
4.4 LGCell Expansion Hub Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7
SECTION 5
SECTION 6
SECTION 7
LGCell Remote Access Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
5.1 LGCell Remote Access Unit Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
5.1.1 Remote Access Unit LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
5.2 LGCell Remote Access Unit Alarm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
5.3 LGCell Remote Access Unit Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
5.4 Choosing Passive Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6
Managing and Planning an LGCell Project . . . . 6-1
6.1 Managing an LGCell Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
6.1.1 Project Management Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3
6.2 Planning an LGCell Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5
6.2.1 Site Survey Questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7
6.3 Installation Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8
6.4 System Optimization and Commissioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9
Designing an LGCell Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
7.1 Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3
7.2 Estimating RF Coverage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-18
7.2.1 Path Loss Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-19
7.2.2 Path Loss Slope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-20
7.2.3 Coverage Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-21
7.2.4 Example Design Estimate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-26
7.3 System Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-28
7.3.1 System Gain (Loss) Relative to MMF Cable Length . . . . . . 7-29
7.3.2 System Gain (Loss) Relative to UTP/STP Cable Length . . . 7-30
7.4 Link Budget Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-31
7.4.1 Elements of a Link Budget for Narrowband Standards . . . . . 7-32
7.4.2 Narrowband Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell
Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-34
7.4.3 Elements of a Link Budget for CDMA Standards . . . . . . . . . 7-36
7.4.4 Spread Spectrum Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell
Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-39
7.4.5 Considerations for Re-Radiation (over-the-air) Systems . . . . 7-43
7.5 Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-44
7.5.1 Attenuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-45
620004-0 Rev. B
7.5.2 Uplink Attenuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-46
7.5.2.1 Uplink Attenuation Exception: CDMA . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-47
7.6 Designing for a Neutral Host System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-48
7.6.1 Capacity of the LGCell Neutral Host System . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-48
7.6.2 Example LGCell Neutral Host System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-49
SECTION 8 Installation Requirements and Safety
Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1
8.1 Installation Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2
8.1.1 Cable and Connector Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2
8.1.2 Neutral Host System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2
8.1.3 Distance Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3
8.2 Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4
8.2.1 Underwriters Laboratory Installation Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . 8-4
8.2.2 General Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-5
8.2.3 Fiber Port Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6
SECTION 9 Installing the LGCell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1
9.1 Inspecting Shipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2
9.2 Installing the Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3
9.2.1 Main Hub Installation Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3
9.2.2 Tools and Materials Required to Install Main Hub . . . . . . . . . 9-4
9.2.3 Main Hub Installation Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-5
9.2.4 Interfacing LGCell to Base Stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-9
9.2.5 Connecting Multiple LGCell Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-14
9.2.5.1 Connecting Two LGCells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-14
9.2.5.2 Connecting More Than Two LGCells . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-15
9.2.6 Installing Main Hubs in a Neutral Host System . . . . . . . . . . 9-16
9.3 Installing the Expansion Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-17
9.3.1 Expansion Hub Installation Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-17
9.3.2 Tools and Materials Required to Install Expansion Hub . . . . 9-17
9.3.3 Expansion Hub Installation Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-18
9.3.4 Ins talling Expansion Hubs in a Neutral Host System . . . . . . 9-24
9.4 Installing the Remote Access Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-25
9.4.1 Remote Access Unit Installation Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-25
9.4.2 Tools and Materials Required to Install Remot e Access Unit 9-25
9.4.3 RAU Installation Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-26
9.4.4 Installing Remote Access Units in a Neutral Host System . . 9-31
SECTION 10 Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and
Technical Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1
10.1 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1
10.2 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2
10.2.1 Troubleshooting Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-3
10.2.2 Troubleshooting Using the LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4
PN 8100-40 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual iii
620004-0 Rev. B
10.2.2.1 LED Indicator Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4
10.2.2.2 Diagnostic Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-5
10.3 Technical Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-9
APPENDIX A
APPENDIX B
APPENDIX C
Cables and Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-1
A.1 Coaxial Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-2
A.2 Multimode Fiber Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-2
A.3 Category 5 UTP/STP Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-3
TIA/EIA 568-A Cabling Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1
B.1 Horizontal Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-2
B.2 Backbone Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-3
B.3 Work Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B -4
B.4 Telecommunications Closet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-4
B.5 Equipment Room . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-4
B.6 Entrance Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-4
B.7 Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable Termination . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-4
B.8 DC Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-5
Compliance Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-1
C.1 LGCell System Approval Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-1
C.1.1 800 MHz AMPS, TDMA, and CDMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-1
C.1.2 800 MHz iDEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-2
C.1.3 900 MHz EGSM/GSM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-2
C.1.4 1800 MHz GSM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-2
C.1.5 1900 MHz TDMA, CDMA, and GSM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-3
C.1.6 FCC Regulatory Notice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-3
C.1.7 Industry Canada Regulatory Notice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-3
C.2 Declaration of Conformity to Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C -4
C.3 IEC/EN 60825-2: Safe Use of Optical Fiber Communication
Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-7
C.3.1 Description of LGCell System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-7
C.3.2 Requirements under IEC 60825 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-7
C.3.3 Installation Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-8
C.3.4 Evaluation of LGC System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-8
C.3.5 Suggested Work Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-9
C.4 Human Exposure to RF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-10
APPENDIX D
Frequently Asked Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1
APPENDIX E Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-1
620004-0 Rev. B
List of Figures
Figure 2-1 LGCell Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
Figure 2-2 LGCell System Block Diagram (Single Band) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
Figure 2-3 Increasing Coverage with LGCell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Figure 2-4 Increasing Capacity and Coverage with LGCell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Figure 2-5 Increasing Cove rage, Capacity, and Functionality with LGCell . . . . . . 2-7
Figure 2-6 Example Neutral Host Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
Figure 2-7 LGCell Neutral Host Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
Figure 3-1 The Main Hub in an LGCell 1-1-1 Configuration* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
Figure 3-2 Front Panel of a Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
Figure 3-3 MMF Downlink/Uplink Ports on the Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
Figure 3-4 Main Hub Front Panel LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
Figure 3-5 Rear Panel of a Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
Figure 3-6 N-type Female Connectors on the Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
Figure 3-7 9-pin D-sub Connector on the Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7
Figure 3-8 Monitoring Main Hub Alarms from the BTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8
Figure 4-1 The Expansion Hub in an LGCell 1-1-1 Configuration* . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
Figure 4-2 Front Panel of an Expansion Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
Figure 4-3 MMF Downlink/Uplink Port on the Expansion Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
Figure 4-4 RJ-45 Ports on the Expansion Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
Figure 4-5 Expansion Hub Front Panel LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
Figure 5-1 The Remote Access Unit in an LGCell 1-1 - 1 Configuratio n* . . . . . . . 5-1
Figure 5-2 RJ-45 Port on a Single Band RAU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
Figure 5-3 RJ-45 Ports on a Dual Band RAU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
Figure 5-4 SMA Connector on the Single Band RAU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
Figure 5-5 Block Diagram of the Dual Band RAUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
Figure 5-6 RAU LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
Figure 7-1 Determin ing Path Loss between the Antenna and the Wireless Device 7 - 18
Figure 7-2 Connecting LGCell Main Hubs to a Simplex Base Station . . . . . . . . . 7-44
Figure 7-3 LGCell to Duplex Base Station or Repeater Connections . . . . . . . . . . 7-45
Figure 9-1 Simplex Base Station to LGCell Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-10
Figure 9-2 Duplex Base Station to LGCell Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-11
Figure 9-3 Duplex Base Station to LGCell Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-12
Figure 9-4 Duplex Base Station to LGCell Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-13
Figure 9-5 Connecting Two LGCell Main Hubs using their Duplex Ports . . . . . . 9-14
Figure A-1 Wiring Map for Cat-5 UTP Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-3
PN 8100-40 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual v
620004-0 Rev. B
620004-0 Rev. B
List of Tables
Table 2-1 Bandwidths: 800 and 900 MHz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
Table 2-2 Bandwidths: 1800 MHz DCS (GSM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
Table 2-3 Band Frequency of the DCS 1800 MHz LGCell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
Table 2-4 Bandwidths: 1900 MHz CDMA, TDMA, GSM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
Table 2-5 PCS Spectrum in the United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
Table 3-1 Main Hub LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
Table 3-2 Main Hub Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9
Table 4-1 Expansion Hub LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
Table 4-2 Expansion Hub Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7
Table 5-1 RAU LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
Table 5-2 Remote Access Unit Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
Table 6-1 Project Management Estimated Timeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
Table 6-2 Installation Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8
Table 7-1 800 MHz (AMPS) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4
Table 7-2 800 MHz (TDMA) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5
Table 7-3 800 MHz (CDMA) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6
Table 7-4 800 MHz (iDEN/SMR) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-7
Table 7-5 900 MHz (GSM or EGSM) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8
Table 7-6 1800 MHz (GSM) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-9
Table 7-7 1800 MHz (CDMA Korea) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-10
Table 7-8 1900 MHz (TDMA) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-11
Table 7-9 1900 MHz (GSM) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-12
Table 7-10 1900 MHz (CDMA) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-13
Table 7-11 900 MHz (GSM or EGSM) and 1800 MHz (GSM) Low Band
Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-14
Table 7-12 900 MHz (GSM or EGSM) and 1800 MHz (GSM) High Band
Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-15
Table 7-13 1800/1800 MHz (GSM) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-16
Table 7-14 Coaxial Cable Losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-18
Table 7-15 Average Signal Loss of Common Building Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-19
PN 8100-40 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual vii
620004-0 Rev. B
Table 7-16 Estimated Path Loss Slope for Different In-Building Environments . 7-20 Table 7-17 Frequency Bands and the Value of the first Term in Equation (3) . . . 7-21 T a ble 7-18 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 800 MHz Cellular Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-22
T a ble 7-19 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 800 MHz iDEN Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-22
T a ble 7-20 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 900 MHz GSM Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-23
T a ble 7-21 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 900 MHz EGSM Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-23
T a ble 7-22 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 1800 MHz DCS Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-24
T a ble 7-23 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 1800 MHz CDMA (Korea) Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-24
T a ble 7-24 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 1900 MHz PCS Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-25
Table 7-25 System Gain when using Duplex/Simplex Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-28
Table 7-26 System Gain (Loss) Relative to UTP/STP Cable Length . . . . . . . . . . 7-30
Table 7-27 LGCell Maximum Input Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-31
Table 7-28 Link Budget Considerations for Narrowband Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-32
Table 7-29 Distribution of Power within a CDMA Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-36
Table 7-30 Additional Link Budget Considerations for CDMA Systems . . . . . . . 7-37
Table 8-1 LGCell Distance Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3
Table 10-1 LGCell Equipment LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4
Table 10-2 LED Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-5
Table C-1 Peak 1-g SAR for RAU Models 850 and 1900 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-10
620004-0 Rev. B
SECTION 1 General Information
This section contains the following:
• Section 1.1 Purpose and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
• Section 1.2 Conventions in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
• Section 1.3 Acronyms in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
• Section 1.4 Standards Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
• Section 1.5 Related Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
PN 8100-40 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 1-1
620004-0 Rev. B
General Information
1.1 Purpose and Scope
This document describes the LGCellTM Distributed Antenna System and its installa­tion. The following sections are included:
• Section 2 LGCell 4.0 System Description
• Section 3 LGCell Main Hub
• Section 4 LGCell Expansion Hub
• Section 5 LGCell Remote Access Unit
• Section 6 Managing and Planning an LGCell Project
• Section 7 Designing an LGCell Solution
• Section 8 Installation Requirements and Safety Precautions
• Section 9 Installing the LGCell
• Section 10 Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance
• Appendix A Cables and Connectors
• Appendix B TIA/EIA 568-A Cabling Standard
• Appendix C Compliance Information
• Appendix D Frequently Asked Questions
620004-0 Rev. B
1.2 Conventions in this Manual
The following table lists the type style conventions used in this manual.
Convention Description
bold Used for emphasis
BOLD CAPS
Measurements are listed first in metric units, followed by U.S. Customary System of units in parentheses. For example:
0° to 45°C (32° to 113°F)
The following symbols are used to highlight certain information as described:
NOTE: This format is used to emphasize text with special significance or importance, and to provide supplemental information.
Used to indicate labels on equipment
Conventions in this Manual
CAUTION: This format is used when a given action or omitted
action can cause or contribute to a hazardous condition. Damage to the equipment can occur.
WARNING: Th is f orm at is used when a give n a c ti on or omitted action can result in catastrophic damage to the equipment or cause injury to the user.
Procedure
This format is used to highlight a procedure.
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 1-3
620004-0 Rev. B
General Information
1.3 Acronyms in this Manual
Acronym Definition
BDA bidirectional amplifier/repeater BTS base transceiver stati on Cat-5 Category 5 (twisted pair cable) CDMA Code Division Multiple Access C/I carrier to interface CISP Certified Installation Service Provider dB decibel dBm decibels relative to 1 milliwatt DCS Digital Communications System DL downlink EGSM Extended Global Standard for Mobile Communications GHz gigahertz GSM Groupe Speciale Mobile (now translated in English as Global Standard
for Mobile Communications) Hz hertz iDEN Integrated Digital Enhanced Network (Motorola variant of TDMA
wireless) IF intermediate frequency LAN local area network LED light emitting diode mA milliamps MBS microcellular base station MHz megahertz MMF multimode fiber MTBF mean time between failures NF noise figure nm nanometer PBX private branch exchang e PCS PLL phase-locked loop PLS path loss slope RAU Remote Access Unit RF radio frequency RSSI received signal strength indicator
Personal Communications System
620004-0 Rev. B
Acronyms in this Manual
Acronym Definition
SMA su b-miniature A connector (coaxial cable connector type) SNR signal-to-noise ratio ST straight tip (fiber optic cable connector type) STP shielded twisted pair TDMA Time Division Multiple Access TP twisted pair UL uplink; Underwriters Laboratories UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System UPS uninterruptable power suppl y UTP unshielded twisted pair WOS wireless office service
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 1-5
620004-0 Rev. B
General Information
1.4 Standards Conformance
• Complies with industry standards for IS-19B/AMPS, J-STD-8, IS-136/TDMA, IS-95B/CDMA.
• Utilizes the TIA/EIA 568-A Ethernet cabling standards for ease of installation (see Appendix B).
• Distributes signals over a building’s existing industry-standard cable infrastructure of multimode fiber (MMF) and unshielded twisted pair/shielded twisted pair (UTP/STP) cable.
• See Appendix C for compliance information.
1.5 Related Publications
• MetroReach Focus Configuration, Installation, and Reference Manual; LGC Wire­less part number 8500-10
• ARM2000 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual; LGC Wireless part number 8305-10
• LGC Wireless Complementary Products Catalog; LGC Wireless part number 8600-10
• Neutral Host System Planning Guide; LGC Wireless part number 9000-10
620004-0 Rev. B
SECTION 2 LGCell 4.0 System Description
This section contains the following:
• Section 2.1 System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
• Section 2.2 System Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
• Section 2.3 System Bandwidths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
• Section 2.4 System Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
PN 8100-40 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 2-1
620004-0 Rev. B
LGCell 4.0 System Description
2.1 System Overview
The LGCell acts as an extension of the outdoor, macrocellular network to prov ide RF signal coverage and capacity to places where the signals are not always available or adequate, such as inside a building, tunnel, subway, or other hard-to-reach locations.
LGCell features:
• Supports all cellular protocols.
• Provides uniform radio coverage.
• Distributes cellular signals through standard multimode fiber (MMF) and standard UTP/STP cables, which are found in most office buildings.
• Uses a double-star topology, which allows for easy, cost-effective growth of cov­erage and capacity.
The LGCell system consists of three components, as shown (from top to bottom) in the following figure:
• Remote Access Unit
• Expansion Hub
•Main Hub
Figure 2-1 LGCell Components
620004-0 Rev. B
From/To BTS or Repeater
RF
Processing
Control
RF
Processing
Splitter
Combiner
Alarm Control
System Overview
The following figure shows a block diagram of a single band LGCell system. Note that uplink and downlink RF and control signals for an RAU travel through one Cat-5 cable.
Figure 2-2 LGCell System Block Diagram (Single Band)
Remote Access UnitExpansion HubMain Hub
E/O E/O E/O E/O
E/O E/O E/O E/O
Multimode Fiber
Multimode Fiber
O/E
O/E
Processing
Control
RF
Processing
RF
Cat-5
SplitterSplitter
Cat-5
Cat-5
Diagnostics
Cat-5
Combiner
RF
Processing
Control
RF
Processing
Duplexer
Power Supply Power Supply EH/RAU
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-3
620004-0 Rev. B
LGCell 4.0 System Description
LGCell components are available in the following frequencies and protocols:
• Single-Band Frequencies and Protocols
•800 MHz AMPS
•800 MHz TDMA
•800 MHz CDMA
•800 MHz iDEN
• 900 MHz GSM
• 900 MHz EGSM
• 1800 MHz DCS (5 band options)
• 1800 MHz Korean CDMA
• 1900 MHz TDMA (4 band options)
• 1900 MHz CDMA (4 band options)
• 1900 MHz GSM (4 band options)
• Dual-Band Frequencies and Protocols
A dual band system consists of two single band systems.
• 800 MHz & 1900 MHz CDMA/TDMA
• 800 MHz CDMA/TDMA & 1900 MHz GSM
• 900 MHz GSM & 1800 MHz DCS
• 900 MHz EGSM & 1800 MHz DCS
• 1800 MHz DCS & 1800 MHz DCS
620004-0 Rev. B
2.2 System Operation
Downlink (Base Sta ti on/Repeater to Wireless Handsets)
• The LGCell syst em’s Main Hub is usually installed in a 19 in. (483 mm) equip­ment rack in a wiring closet or equipment room inside the facility where coverage will be provided. Coaxial cable is used to connect the Main Hub to a local base sta­tion or to a repeater that is attached to a roof-top antenna. The Main Hub receives the incoming RF signals and splits them to feed four internal fiber optic transceiv­ers that convert the RF signals to optical signals. The Main Hub transmits the opti­cal signals over multimode fiber to up to four Expansion Hub s , which are usually installed in other telecom closets throughout the facility.
WARNING: Exceeding the maximum input power could cause failure of the Main Hub (refer to Section 7.1 on page 7-3 for maximum power ratings). Attenuators may be required to limit the max imum composite power into the Main Hub.
System Operation
•The Expansion Hub converts the optical signals back to electrical signals, which are then transmitted to up to four Remote Access Units (RAUs) over Cat-5 UTP/STP cabling.
•The Remote Access Unit receives the electrical signals from the Expansion Hub and transports the signals over a short coaxial cable to an attached passi ve antenna, which then transmits the RF signals to wireless handsets.
Uplink (Wireless Handsets to Base Station)
• The passive antenna relays the RF signals from wireless handsets to the Remote Access Unit, which then transmits the signals to the Expansion Hub over Cat-5
UTP/STP cabling.
•The Expansion Hub converts the electrical signals to optical signals and transmits the signals to the Main Hub over MMF.
•The Main Hub converts the optical signals to the proper frequency band RF sig- nals and sends them to a local base station or to a repeater that is connected to a roof-top antenna.
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-5
620004-0 Rev. B
LGCell 4.0 System Description
2.2.1 Using LGCell to Increase Coverage and Capacity
You can extend the outdoor, macrocellular network indoors by connecting the LGCell system to a repeater that is attached to a roof-top antenna. The following fig­ure illustrates how the LGCell can be used to enhance in-building coverage.
Figure 2-3 Increasing Coverage with LGCell
Roof-top Antenna
BTS
Mobile
Switching
Center
Repeater
LGCell Main Hub
Multimode Fib er
LGCell Expansion Hub
LGCell Expansion Hub
LGCell Expansion Hub
LGCell Expansion Hub
Coaxial Ca b le
Category 5 UTP/STP Cable
RAU
RAU
RAU
RAU
In-Building Installation for Increased Coverage
RAU
RAU
RAU
RAU
RAU
RAU
RAU
RAU
RAU
RAU
RAU
RAU
You can increase the number of users who are able to communicate through their wireless handheld devices by connecting an LGCell system to a local, centralized base station. In this configuration, the base station provides voice channel capacity and the LGCell provides coverage.
Figure 2-4 Increasing Capacity and Coverage with LGCell
T1/E1
LGCell Main Hub
LGCell Expansion Hub
LGCell Expansion Hub
Microcellular
Base
Station
Multimode Fiber
LGCell Expansion Hub
LGCell Expansion Hub
Coaxial Cable
Category 5 UTP/STP Cable
RAU
RAU
RAU
RAU
In-Building Installation for Increased Capacity and Coverage
RAU
RAU
RAU
RAU
RAU
RAU
RAU
RAU
RAU
RAU
RAU
RAU
620004-0 Rev. B
System Operation
2.2.2 Using LGCell to Increase Coverage, Capacity, and Functionality
Interfacing the LGCell with a base station/PBX network gives wireless phone users PBX functionality through their wireless phones, anytime, anywhere. The following figure shows an example installation for wireless office service (WOS).
Figure 2-5 Increasing Coverage, Capacity, and Functionality with LGCell
Mobile
Switching
Center
In-Building Installation for Increased Cov erage, Capacity, and Functionality
RAU
RAU
RAU
RAU
RAU
RAU
RAU
RAU
RAU
RAU
RAU
RAU
T1/E1
LGCell Main Hub
LGCell Expansion Hub
LGCell Expansion Hub
PBX
Microcellular
Base
Station
Multimode Fiber
LGCell Expansion Hub
LGCell Expansion Hub
Coaxial Cable
Category 5 UTP/STP Cable
RAU
RAU
RAU
RAU
With the LGCell/base station/PBX* solution, employees can use a wireless phone in place of a wireline desk phone to access the PBX while inside the building and use the same phone for wireless communications while outside the building. Employees can access PBX features such as four-digit dialing, call delivery, call forwarding, call-waiting, conferencing, and voice mail from their wireless phone.
In this configuration, the base station private wireless network transmits RF signa ls indoors, and the macrocellular network takes over outdoors.
*Check with your PBX manufacturer/vendor for compatibility, connection, and oper­ation.
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-7
620004-0 Rev. B
LGCell 4.0 System Description
2.2.3 Using LGCell to Simultaneously Support Multiple Bands/Protocols
An LGCell neutral host configuration can simultaneously support more than one fre­quency band and/or protocol. The term “neutral host” refers to the fact: that the sys­tem supports multiple wireless Operators, and that the equipment typically is owned by a third-party company.
Neutral host systems are deployed in situations such as the following:
• Public microcellular applications such as airport terminals, subways/train stations,
and similar public buildings usually require that the in-building RF distribution system infrastructure be capable of supporting any current frequency band and protocol, and that it be future-proof.
• It is common for the same service provider to be licensed to operate in multiple
bands in the same geographical area. For example, some Asian and European ser­vice providers have licenses in both 900 MHz and 1800 MHz bands. Some North American service providers operate in both 800 MHz and 1900 MHz bands.
Some service providers overlay networks (i.e., 900 and 1800 MHz) to alleviate capacity constraints.
• A building owner will often allow service providers to provide wireless service in
their building only if they cooperate and share the infrastructure equipment and distribution system. Delays in service implementation and loss of revenue occur when the competing service providers do not ag ree on how to share the eq uipmen t and installation costs.
Additional distribution cabling infrastructure, beyond initial requirements, often is installed to accommodate adding Operators or services or to en hance capacity by sec­torizing the distribution equipment at a later time.
Figure 2-6 Example Neutral Host Application
LGCell Main Hub
Operator 1
LGCell Main Hub
Op. 1 and/or Op. 2
Fiber Optic Cable: Installed now, used now
Fiber Optic Cable: Installed now, used later
LGCell Expansion Hub
Operator 1
(Operator 2 in the future)
Cat-5 Cable: Installed now, used later
LGCell Expansion Hub
Op. 1 and/or Op. 2
Cat-5 Cable: Installed now, used now
RAU
RAU
RAU
Future LGCell Equipment
Future LGCell Equipment
620004-0 Rev. B
System Operation
Neutral host systems are deployed as shared or dedicated systems.
• Shared System: Multiple wireless Operators use the same set of LGCell hard-
ware to distribute RF signals.
• Dedicated System: Each Operator uses an independent LGCell system.
In order to simplify coverage pl anning and mini mize installati on costs, the equ ipment is “clustered” and installed in groups. The number of Hubs and RAUs required for a system is determined by their ability to be shared.
The configuration shown in Figure 2-7 supports up to 7 Operator bands.
Figure 2-7 LGCell Neutral Host Configuration
Main Hub Cluster
Main Hub
800 MHz iDEN
Main Hub
1900 MHz A and D
Main Hub
1900 MHz B and E
Main Hub
800 MHz A and B
Expansion Hub
Clusters 2 and 3
RAU
Clusters B and C
Expansion Hub
Optical Fiber
Expansion Hub
Cluster 4
Cluster 1
Expansion Hub 800 MHz iDEN
Expansion Hub
1900 MHz A and D
Expansion Hub
1900 MHz B and E
Expansion Hub
800 MHz A and B
Cat-5
RAU
Clusters D
iDEN
RAU
A/D
RAU
B/E
RAU
RAU
Cluster A
A/B
RAU
Refer to the Neutral Host Planning Guide (PN 9000-10) for more information about this type of configuration.
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-9
620004-0 Rev. B
LGCell 4.0 System Description
2.3 System Bandwidths
2.3.1 Fixed Bandwidth Systems
The 800 MHz and 900 MHz LGCell systems have fixed bandwidths of operation, as shown in the following table.
Table 2-1 Bandwidths : 800 and 900 MHz
System
LGCell System
800 MHz: AMPS, TDMA, CDMA 25 8 24 –8 49 869–894 800 MHz iDEN 18 806–824 851–86 9 900 MHz GSM 25 890–915 935–960 900 MHz EGSM 35 880–915 925–96 0
Bandwidth (MHz)
Uplink Freq. Range (MHz)
Downlink Freq. Range (MHz)
620004-0 Rev. B
2.3.2 Variable Bandwidth Systems
The 1800 MHz DCS (GSM) and 1900 MHz CDMA, TDMA, and GSM systems have a bandpass filter that can be positioned within the uplink and downlink bands. This position is specified when the equipment is ordered and it is set during manufactur­ing.
1800 MHz DCS (GSM) System Bandwidth
The 1800 MHz DCS (GSM) 30 MHz bandpass filter is positioned within the 75 MHz band during manufacturing.
Table 2-2 Bandwidths: 1800 MHz DCS (GSM)
System Bandwidths
LGCell System
System Bandwidth (MHz)
Uplink Freq. Range (MHz)
Downlink Freq. Range (MHz)
1800 DCS (GSM) 30 1710–1785 1805–1880
You can choose where to place the 30 MHz band of operation, as shown in the fol­lowing table
Table 2-3 Band Frequency of the DCS 1800 MHz LGCell
Band Uplink (MHz) Downlink (MHz)
DCS 1 1710 to 1725 1805 to 1820 DCS 2 1725 to 1755 1820 to 1850 DCS 3 1755 to 1785 1850 to 1880 DCS 4 1721.25 to 1751.25 1816.25 to 1846.25 DCS 5 1751.25 to 1781.25 1846.25 to 1876.25
1710 1725 1755
DCS 1 DCS 2 DCS 3
1721.25 1751.25 1781.25
.
DCS Uplink Bands
DCS 4 DCS 5
DCS 6
1750 1780 1840 1870
1785
DCS Downlink Bands
1805
1820 1850
DCS 1 DCS 2 DCS 3
DCS 4 DCS 5
DCS 6
1816.25 1846.25 1876.25
1880
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-11
620004-0 Rev. B
LGCell 4.0 System Description
1900 MHz CDMA, TDMA, GSM System Bandwidth
The 1900 MHz CDMA, TDMA, and GSM 20 MHz bandpass filter is positioned within the 60 MHz band during manufacturing.
Table 2-4 Bandwidths: 1900 MHz CDMA, TDMA, GSM
DAS System
System Bandwidth (MHz)
Uplink Freq. Range (MHz)
Downlink Freq. Range (MHz)
1900 MHz: CDMA, T D MA, GSM 20 1 850–1910 1930–1990
Table 2-5 PCS Spectrum in the United States
Band
Bandwidth (MHz)
Uplink (MHz)
Downlink (MHz)
A 15 1850 to 1865 1930 to 1945 D 5 1865 to 1870 1945 to 1950 B 15 1870 to 1885 1950 to 1965 E 5 1885 to 1890 1965 to 1970 F 5 1890 to 1895 1970 to 1975 C 15 1895 to 1910 1975 to 1990
LGCell equipment can be ordered in the following configurations:
• Bands A and D
• Bands D and B
• Bands B and E
• Bands E and F
LGCell equipment does not support band C.
PCS Uplink Bands
A DBEFC
1850 1865 1870 1885 1890 1895 1910
A DBEFC
1930 1945 1950 1965 1970 1975 1990
PCS Downlink Bands
620004-0 Rev. B
2.4 System Specifications
General system specifications are provided in this section. Specifications for each component are provided in their respective sections:
• Section 3.4, “LGCell Main Hub Specifications,” on page 3-9
• Section 4.4, “LGCell Expansion Hub Specifications,” on page 4-7
• Section 5.3, “LGCell Remote Access Unit Specifications,” on page 5-5
2.4.1 Environmental Specifications
Parameter Rating
Operating Temperature 0° to +45°C / 32° to +113°F Non-operating Temperature –20° to +85°C / –4° to +185°F Operating Humidity; non-condensing 5% to 95%
2.4.2 Physical Specifications
System Specifications
Parameter Main Hub Expansion Hub Remote Access Unit
RF Connectors 3, N-type female 4, RJ-45 1, RJ-45 port
Remote Alarm Connector (contact closure)
MMF Connectors 4 Pair, ST female 1 Pair, ST female — LED Alarm and
Status Indicators AC Power (Universal)
Typical
Maximum
Power Consumption
Typical Maximum
Enclosure Dimensions
× width × depth)
(height Excluding angle-brack-
ets for 19'' rack mount­ing of hubs.
Weight < 3 kg (< 6.5 lb) < 3 kg (< 6.5 lb) < 0.4 kg (<1 lb) MTBF (hours) 298,000 461,000 965,000
1, 9-pin D-sub, female 1, 25-pin D-sub (not used), male
Sync, Power, Port Link Status, Port Sync
117V AC, 0.22 amp @ 60 Hz 230V AC, 0.11 amp @ 50 Hz
117V AC, 0.30 amp @ 60 Hz 230V AC, 0.15 amp @ 50 Hz
25 W 35 W
44.5 mm (1.75 in. 1U
× 438 mm × 229 mm
× 17.25 in. × 9 in.)
——
Sync, Power, Port Link Status, Port Sync
117V AC, 0.47 amp @ 60 Hz 230V AC, 0.24 amp @ 50 Hz
117V AC, 0.64 amp @ 60 Hz 230V AC, 0.32 amp @ 50 Hz
32 W / 55 W with 4 RAUs 45 W / 75 W with 4 RAUs
44.5 mm (1.75 in. 1U
× 438 mm × 229 mm
× 17.25 in. × 9 in.)
1, SMA female
Power, Sync
—
—
5.7 W
7.5 W 36 mm
× 110 mm × 140 mm × 4.3 in. × 5.5 in.)
(1.4 in.
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-13
620004-0 Rev. B
LGCell 4.0 System Description
2.4.3 Alarm LEDs
The Main Hub has LINK ST ATUS and SYNC LEDs for each fiber port. The Expansion Hub has
Unit Alarm Name LED Color Condition
Main Hub Power Green AC power is ON
Sync (above power)
Port Link Status Green The Main Hub is receiving a signal from the Expansion Hub without
Port Sync Green The Expansion Hub and its connected RAUs do not have an alarm
Expansion Hub Power Green AC power is ON
Sync (above power)
Port Link Status/Port Sync
RAU Power Green DC power to RAU
Sync Red PLL is not locked or clock power is low
LINK STATUS and SYNC LEDs for each Cat-5 (RAU) port.
Green Main Hub’s phase lock loop (PLL) is locked Off Main Hub’s PLL is not locked
an alarm signal
Red The Main Hub is receiving an alarm signal from the Expansion Hub
Red The Expansion Hub or one of its connected RAUs has an alarm
Green The Expansion Hub is receiving the pilot signal Off The Expansio n Hub is not receiving the pilot signal Green/Green The RAU is connected and functioning properly Green/Red The Connected RAU is malfunctioning Red/Green The RAU has been disconnected or th e cable is cut Red/Red No RAU is connected
620004-0 Rev. B
SECTION 3 LGCell Main Hub
The Main Hub is the LGCell’s central distribution point. On the dowlink, it receives RF signals from a base station or a repeater and converts them to optical signals, which it distributes to Expansion Hubs. On the uplink, the Main Hub receives optical signals from the Expansion Hubs and converts them back to RF signals to be relayed to a base station or a repeater.
Figure 3-1 The Main Hub in an LGCell 1-1-1 Configurat ion*
STATUS
SYNC
UP
DOWN
LINK
1
TO EXP AN SIO N HUB PO R TS
DOWN
LINK
STATU S
SYNC
2
UP
STATU S
SYNC
UP
DOWN
LINK
STATUS
3
LINK
SYNC
DOWN
UP
SYNC POWER
4
LGCellTM Main Hub
AC POWER
Coaxial Cable between Main Hub and Base Station or
Multimode Fiber
Repeater
between Main Hub and Expansion Hub
LINK
ANTENNA PORTS
STATUS
SYNC
SYNC POWER
UP
DOWN
MAIN HUB PORT
LGCellTM Expansion Hub
AC POWER
Cat-5 UTP/STP between Expansion Hub and RAU
RAU
Coaxial Cable between RAU and Passive Antenna
*1-1-1 configuration = 1 Main Hub, 1 Expansion Hub, and 1 Remote Access Unit
LGCell Main Hub Features
• Mounts in a standard 19 in. (483 mm) equipment rack
• Connects to a base station or repeater using coaxial cable
• Supports up to four Expansion Hubs using standard 62.5µm/125µm multimode
fiber (MMF) cable
• Displays system status with front panel LEDs
• Provides contact closures and error latches for major errors through a D-sub
9-pin connector on the rear panel
PN 8100-40 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 3-1
620004-0 Rev. B
LGCell Main Hub
3.1 LGCell Main Hub Front Panel
The front panel of a Main Hub is shown in the following figure.
Figure 3-2 Front Panel of a Main Hub
56
56
56
56
123
LINK
STATUS
SYNC
TO EXPANSION HUB PORTS
DOWN
LINK
STA TU S
SYNC
2
7
UP
LINK
STA TUS
SYNC
7
DOWN
UP
LINK
STATUS
SYNC
3
7
DOWN
UP
SYNC POWER
4
LGCellTM Main Hub
4
7
DOWN
UP
1
1. AC power cord connector
2. Power On/Off switch
3. One LED for unit sync status (labeled SYNC)
4. One LED for unit power status (labeled POWER)
5. Four MMF ports (labeled 1, 2, 3, 4)
• One standard female ST optical connector for MMF downlink (labeled
• One standard female ST optical connector for MMF uplink (labeled
6. One LED per port for port link status (labeled LINK STATUS)
7. One LED per port for port sync status (labeled SYNC)
AC POWER
DOWN)
UP)
620004-0 Rev. B
3.1.1 MMF Downlink/Uplink Ports
The Main Hub’s MMF downlink/uplink ports transmit/receive optical signals to/from Expansion Hub(s) using industry-standard 62.5µm/125µm MMF cable. There are four MMF ports (labeled port has two female ST optical connectors: one for downlink (output) and one for uplink (i nput).
• MMF Downlink Connector
This female ST connector (labeled signals to an attached Expansion Hub.
• MMF Uplink Connector
This female ST connector (labeled from an attached Expansion Hub.
Figure 3-3 MMF Downlink/Uplink Ports on the Main Hub
TO EXPANSION HUB PORTS
UP
DOWN
STATUS
LINK
SYNC
DOWN
LINK
STATUS
SYNC
1
2
1, 2, 3, and 4) on the Main Hub’s front panel. Each MMF
UP
UP
STATUS
UP
DOWN
LINK
SYNC
4
STATUS
DOWN
LINK
SYNC
3
LGCell Main Hub Front Panel
DOWN) is used to transmit the downlink optical
UP) is used to receive the uplink optical signals
SYNC POWER
LGCellTM Main Hub
AC POWER
Uplink/Input from Expansion Hub Female ST optical connector
Downlink/Output to Expansion Hub Female ST optical connector
Port Disconnect Memory
The Main Hub detects when active fiber is connected to its MMF ports. An alarm is issued and latched if an active fiber cable from an MMF port on the Main Hub or an attached Expansion Hub is disconnected. The port disconnect memory and major alarm are cleared if you reconnect the fiber into the same functioning port. The error latch remains active until power is cycled. If you do not want to use that port, you should cycle the Main Hub’s power to clear the port disconnect memory and the error latch.
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 3-3
620004-0 Rev. B
LGCell Main Hub
3.1.2 Main Hub LED Indicators
The front panel of the Main Hub has LEDs that provide diagnostic information and operational status of t he unit.
Figure 3-4 Main Hub Front Panel LEDs
LINK
STATUS
MMF Port LED Indicators (1 pair for each MMF port)
SYNC
TO EXP AN SIO N HUB PO RTS
DOWN
LINK
STATU S
SYNC
2
UP
STATU S
SYNC
UP
DOWN
LINK
STATUS
3
SYNC
LINK
DOWN
UP
SYNC POWER
4
LGCellTM Main Hub
AC POWER
STATUS
SYNC
UP
DOWN
LINK
1
SYNC POWER
Unit Functionality LED Indicators (1 pair per hub)
The Main Hub’s MMF port LEDs ca n be us ed t o help t ro ubl es ho ot do wns tr eam pr ob­lems; however, the LEDs do n ot ind icate which down stream com pon ent h as the pr ob­lem.
The Main Hub’s LED indicators are described in the following table.
Table 3-1 Main Hu b LED Indicators
MMF Port Indicators Color Indicates
LINK STATUS
SYNC
Green Red Green Red
Good connection to the Expansion Hub that is connected to the port. Connection problem with the Expansion Hub that is connected to the port. Expansion Hub connected to the port is operating properly. An alarm with the Expansion Hub that is connected to the port.
Unit Functionality Indicators Color Indicates
SYNC
POWER
Green Off
Main Hub is corre ctly producing the synchronization signal. Main Hub is not correctly producing the synchronization signal.
Green Main Hub has power.
620004-0 Rev. B
3.2 LGCell Main Hub Rear Panel
The rear panel of a Main Hub is shown in the following figure.
Figure 3-5 Rear Panel of a Main Hub
LGCell Main Hub Rear Panel
4
1. Three N-type, female connectors with dust caps:
• One simplex uplink, unidirectional (labeled
• One simplex downlink, unidirectional (labeled
• One duplexed, bidirectional (labeled
2. One 9-pin D-sub connector (labeled DIAGNOSTIC 1)
3. One 25-pin D-sub connector, factory use only (labeled DIAGNOSTIC 2)
4. Air exhaust vent
3 2
REVERSE FORWARD DUPLEX
DIAGNOSTIC 2 DIAGNOSTIC 1
REVERSE)
FORWARD)
DUPLEX)
111
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 3-5
620004-0 Rev. B
LGCell Main Hub
3.2.1 M ain Hub Rear Panel Connectors N-Type Female Connectors
There are three N-type female connectors on the rear panel of the Main Hub: one duplex and two simplex. Generally, the simplex connectors are used together and the duplex connector is used by itself.
• Simplex Connectors
The simplex connectors provide unidirectional connection of a Main Hub to a local base station or to a repeater that is connected to a roof-top antenna.
–The
REVERSE connector transmits uplink RF signals to a base station or a
repeater.
–The
FORWARD connector receives downlink RF signals from a base station
or a repeater.
• Duplex Connector
The
DUPLEX connector provides bidirectional (both uplink and downlink) con-
nection between the Main Hub and a base station or a repeater. This connector has a fixed gain of 0, 30, or 40 dB, de pending on the sy stem (see Table 7-25 on page 7-28).
Figure 3-6 N-type Female Connectors on the Main Hub
REVERSE FORWARD DUPLEX
DIAGNOSTIC 2 DIAGNOSTIC 1
NOTE: Always keep the dust cap on unused N-type connectors.
WARNING: Exceeding the maximum input power could cause failure
of the Main Hub (refer to Section 7.1 on page 7-3 for maximum power ratings). Attenuators may be required to limit the maximum composite power into the Main Hub.
620004-0 Rev. B
LGCell Main Hub Rear Panel
9-pin D-sub Connector
The 9-pin D-sub connector (labeled DIAGNOSTIC 1) provides contact closures and error lat ches for monitoring major errors.
The following table lists the function of each pin on the 9-pin D-sub connector. Pin locations are labeled on Figure 3-7.
Pin Function
1 +10 V (fused) 2 Not connected 3 Not connected 4 Error Latch (positive connection) 5 Error Latch (negative connection) 6 DC Ground (common) 7 Major Error (positive connection) 8 Error Reset 9 Major Error (negative connection)
Figure 3-7 9-pin D-sub Connector on the Main Hub
REVERSE FORWARD DUPLEX
DIAGNOSTIC 2 DIAGNOSTIC 1
Use the error pin connections to determine the error status: send a current of no more than 40 mA @ 40V DC maximum (4 mA @ 12V DC typical) through the positive connection. The current will return through the negative connection. An error is indi­cated if current ceases to flow through the error connection.
25-pin D-sub Connector
Reserved for factory use only.
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 3-7
620004-0 Rev. B
LGCell Main Hub
3.3 LGCell Main Hub Ala r m
The two error connections, Major Error and Error Latch, are relay connections. They are either open or short circuit as shown in the following table.
Operation Major Error Error Latch
Proper Operation Short Circuit Short Circuit Error Open Circuit Open Circuit Error Latch indicates that there has been a
major error which was cleared.
• Major Error
The Main Hub senses, then latches, major errors, which can be monitored via the alarm port’s contact closures. Red or unlit (off) LEDs on the front panel indicate when an alarm is detected. (Refer to Section 10.2 on page 10-2 for help trouble­shooting using LEDs.)
The major error contact can be brought back to the B TS for alarm monitoring if th e BTS provides +40V DC or less.
Short Circuit Open Circuit
Figure 3-8 Monitoring Main Hub Alarms from the BTS
BTS
Main
Hub
•Error Latch
The error latch provides historical information for troubleshooting when you use an external alarm monitor. The recommended method of clearing an error latch is to connect pin 8 (error reset) to pin 1 (+10V) for at least one second. You can power cycle the unit to clear the error latch, but if you are not monitoring alarms externally, there is no need to do this. Normal operation of the system will not be affected by an uncleared error latch.
620004-0 Rev. B
LGCell Main Hub Specifications
3.4 LGCell Main Hub Specifications
Note that for dual band systems, the specifications are per band.
Table 3-2 Main Hub Specifications
Specification Description
Dimensions (H Weight < 3 kg (< 6.5 lb) Operating Temperature 0° to 45°C (32° to 113°F) Operating Humidity, non-condens ing 5% to 95% Clearance Front: minimum 50 mm (2 in.)
RF Connectors 3, N-type female Remote Alarm Connector, contact closure 1, 9-pin D-sub female
Multimode Fiber Connectors 4 pair, ST female LED Alarm and Status Indicators MMF Port: Link Status, Sync (4 pair)
AC Power (Universal)
Typical
Maximum
Power Consumption
Typical Maximum
Frequencies • 800 MH z AMPS/TDMA/CDMA/iDE N
MTBF (hours) 298,000
× W × D) 44.5 mm × 438 mm × 229 mm (1.75 in. × 17.25 in. × 9 in.); 1U
Rear: minimum 76 mm (3 in.)
1, 25-pin D-sub female (not used)
Unit Functionality: Sync, Power (1 pair)
117V AC, 0.22 amp @ 60 Hz 230V AC, 0.11 amp @ 50 Hz
117V AC, 0.30 amp @ 60 Hz 230V AC, 0.15 amp @ 50 Hz
25 W 35 W
•900 MHz GSM
•900 MHz EGSM
• 1800 MHz DCS
• 1900 MHz TDMA/CDMA/GSM
• 800 MHz & 190 0 MHz CDMA/TDMA
• 800 MHz CDMA/TDMA & 1900 MHz GSM
• 900 MHz GSM & 1800 MHz DCS
• 900 MHz EGSM & 1800 MHz DCS
• 1800 MHz DCS & 1800 MHz DCS
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 3-9
620004-0 Rev. B
LGCell Main Hub
620004-0 Rev. B
SECTION 4 LGCell Expansion Hub
The Expansion Hub is LGCell’s intermediate distribution point. It converts optical signals that it receives from the Main Hub to intermediate frequency (IF) electrical signals that it transmits over Cat-5 cable to the RAUs.
Figure 4-1 The Expansion Hub in an LGCell 1-1-1 Configuration*
TO EXPANSION HUB PORTS
STATUS
UP
DOWN
LINK
SYNC
1
STATUS
UP
DOWN
LINK
SYNC
2
STATUS
UP
DOWN
LINK
SYNC
3
STATUS
UP
DOWN
LINK
SYNC
SYNC POWER
4
Multimode Fiber
LGCellTM Main Hub
AC POWER
Coaxial Cable between Main Hub and Base Station or Repeater
between Main Hub and Expansion Hub
STAT US
SYNC
LINK
ANTENNA PORTS
SYNC POWER
UP
DOWN
MAIN HUB PORT
LGCellTM Expansion Hub
AC POWER
Cat-5 UTP/STP between Expansion Hub and RAU
RAU
Coaxial Cable between RAU and Passive Antenna
*1-1-1 configuration = 1 Main Hub, 1 Expansion Hub, and 1 Remote Access Unit
LGCell Expansion Hub Features
• Mounts in a standard 19 in. (483 mm) equipment rack
• Connects to Main Hub using 62.5µm/125µm multimode fiber (MMF) cable
• Supports up to four RAUs per band using Cat-5 UTP/STP cable with RJ-45 con-
nectors
• Provides DC power to RAUs through the UTP/STP cable
• Has easily accessible front panel connectors
• Displays its status and the status of attached RAUs with front panel LEDs
• Communicates with Main Hub for system alarm status
PN 8100-40 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 4-1
620004-0 Rev. B
LGCell Expansion Hub
4.1 LGCell Expansion Hub Front Panel
The front panel of an Expansion Hub is shown in the following figure.
Figure 4-2 Front Panel of an Expansion Hub
STATUS
SYNC
LINK
3
UP
DOWN
MAIN HUB PORT
LGCellTM Expansion Hub
SYNC POWER
4
5
7
7
7
7
ANTENNA PORTS
6
8
68
68
68
1 2
AC POWER
1. AC power cord connector
2. Power On/Off switch
3. MMF Port (labeled MAIN HUB)
• One standard female ST optical connector for MMF downlink (labeled
• One standard female ST optical connector for MMF uplink (labeled
DOWN)
UP)
4. One LED for unit sync status (labeled SYNC)
5. One LED for unit power status (labeled POWER)
6. Four standard Cat-5 UTP/STP cable RJ-45 female connectors (labeled ANTENNA
PORTS 1
, 2, 3, and 4)
7. One LED per RJ-45 connector for link status (labeled LINK STATUS)
8. One LED per RJ-45 connector for sync status (labeled SYNC)
620004-0 Rev. B
4.1.1 MMF Downlink/Uplink Port
The Expansion Hub’s MMF downlink/uplink port transmits and receives optical sig­nals to/from the Main Hub using industry-standard 62.5µm/125µm MMF cable. There is one MMF port (labeled MMF port has two female ST optical connectors: one for downlink (input) and one for uplink (output).
• MMF Downlink Connector
This female ST optical connector (labeled cal signals from the Main Hub.
• MMF Uplink Connector
This female ST optical connector (labeled signals to the Main Hub.
Figure 4-3 MMF Downlink/Uplink Port on the Expansion Hub
LINK
ANTENNA PORTS
STATUS
SYNC
SYNC POWER
MAIN HUB PORT
LGCell Expansion Hub Front Panel
MAIN HUB) on the Expansion Hub’s front panel. The
DOWN) is used to receive down l ink opti-
UP) is used to transmit uplink optical
UP
DOWN
LGCellTM Expansion Hub
AC POWER
Uplink/Output to Main Hub Female ST connector
Downlink/Input from Main Hub Female ST connector
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 4-3
620004-0 Rev. B
LGCell Expansion Hub
4.1.2 RJ-45 Ports
The Expansion Hub’s RJ-45 ports are for the Cat-5 UTP/STP cables that are used to transmit and receive electrical signals to/from up to four RAUs. There are four ports on the Expansion Hub’s front panel.
Figure 4-4 RJ-45 Ports on the Expan s i on Hub
LINK
ANTENNA PORTS
STATUS
SYNC
SYNC POWER
UP
DOWN
MAIN HUB PORT
LGCellTM Expansion Hub
AC POWER
Female RJ-45 ports for RAU connection (4 per hub)
Port Disconnect Memory
The Expansion Hub detects when active UTP/STP cable and RAUs are connected to its RJ-45 ports. An alarm is issued and latched if you disconnect an active UTP/STP cable or an attached RAU. The port disconnect memory and alarm are cleared if you reconnect the cable into the same functioning port. The error latch remains active until power is cycled. If you do not want to use that port, you should cycle the Expan­sion Hub’s power to clear the port disconnect memory and the error latch.
620004-0 Rev. B
4.1.3 Expansion Hub LED Indicators
The front panel of the Expansion Hub has LEDs that provide diagnostic information and operational status of the unit and attached RAUs.
Figure 4-5 Expansion Hub Front Panel LEDs
LGCell Expansion Hub Front Panel
LINK
STATUS
UTP/STP Port LED Indicators (1 pair for each RJ-45 connector)
SYNC
STATUS
LINK
SYNC
ANTENNA PORTS
SYNC POWER
UP
DOWN
MAIN HUB PORT
SYNC POWER
Unit Functionality LED Indicators (1 pair per hub)
The Expansion Hub’s LED indicators are described in the following table.
Table 4-1 Ex pansion Hub LED Indicators
UTP/STP Port
Indicators/Color
LINK STATUS SYNC
Green Green RAU is connected and functioning properly. Green Red RAU is connected bu t malfunctioning. Red Green RAU has been disconnected or the cable is cut. Red Red No RAU is connected.
Indicates
LGCellTM Expansion Hub
AC POWER
Unit Functionality Indicators Color Indicates
SYNC
POWER
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 4-5
620004-0 Rev. B
Green Off
Expansion Hub is receiving the synchronization signal from the Main Hub. A fault with the MMF downlink or the unit is faulty.
Green Expansion Hub has power.
LGCell Expansion Hub
4.2 LGCell Expansion Hub Rear Panel
The Expansion Hub’s rear panel has one air exhaust vent and no connectors.
4.3 LGCell Expansion Hub Alarm
The Expansion Hub communicates its status and the status of connected RAUs to the Main Hub over the MMF cable. The Main Hub’s MMF port LEDs can be used to help troubleshoot downstream problems; however, the LEDs do not indicate which downstream unit has the alarm.
620004-0 Rev. B
LGCell Expansion Hub Specificati ons
4.4 LGCell Expansion Hub Specifications
Note that for dual band systems, the specifications are per band.
Table 4-2 Ex pansion Hub Specifications
Specification Description
Dimensions (H Weight < 3 kg (< 6.5 lb) Operating Temperature 0° to 45°C (32° to 113°F) Operating Humidity, non-condensing 5% to 95% Clearance Front: minimum 50 mm (2 in.)
RF Connectors 4 ports, RJ-45 Multimode Fiber Connectors 1 pair, ST female LED Alarm and Status Indi cators UTP/STP Port: Link Status, Sync (4 pair)
AC Power (Universal)
Typical
Maximum
Power Consumpt ion
Typical Maximum
Frequencies • 800 MHz AMPS/TDMA/CDMA/iDEN
MTBF (hours) 461,000
× W × D) 44.5 mm × 438 mm × 229 mm (1.75 in. × 17.25 in. × 9 in.); 1U
Rear: minimum 76 mm (3 in.)
Unit Functionality: Sync, Power (1 pair)
117V AC, 0.47 amp @ 60 Hz 230V AC, 0.24 amp @ 50 Hz
117V AC, 0.64 amp @ 60 Hz 230V AC, 0.32 amp @ 50 Hz
32 W / 55 W with 4 RAUs 45 W / 75 W with 4 RAUs
•900 MHz GSM
•900 MHz EGSM
• 1800 MHz DCS
• 1900 MHz TDMA/CDMA/GSM
• 800 MHz & 1900 MHz CDMA/TDMA
• 800 MHz CD MA/TDMA & 1900 MHz GSM
• 900 MHz GSM & 1800 MHz DCS
• 900 MHz E G SM & 1800 MHz DCS
• 1800 MHz DCS & 1800 MHz DCS
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 4-7
620004-0 Rev. B
LGCell Expansion Hub
620004-0 Rev. B
SECTION 5 LGCell Remote Access Unit
The Remote Access Unit (RAU) is an active transceiver that connects to an Expan­sion Hub using industry-standard Cat-5 UTP/STP cable. The cable also delivers elec­trical power to the RAU.
An RAU passes electrical signals between an Expansion Hub and an attached p assive antenna.
Figure 5-1 The Remote Access Unit in an LGCell 1-1-1 Configuration*
TO EXPANSION HUB PORTS
STATUS
STATUS
UP
DOWN
LINK
SYNC
1
LINK
SYNC
LINK
STATUS
SYNC
ANTENNA PORTS
UP
STATUS
UP
DOWN
LINK
SYNC
3
DOWN
2
STATUS
UP
DOWN
LINK
SYNC
SYNC
POWER
4
LGCellTM Main Hub
Multimode Fiber between Main Hub
AC POWER
Coaxial Cable between Main Hub and Base
Station or Repeater
and Expansion Hub
UP
DOWN SYNC POWER
MAIN HUB PORT
LGCellTM Expansion Hub
AC POWER
Cat-5 UTP/STP between Expansion Hub and RAU
RAU
Coaxial Cable between RAU and Passive Antenna
*1-1-1 configuration = 1 Main Hub, 1 Expansion Hub, and 1 Remote Access Unit
LGCell Remote Access Unit Features
• Transmits intermediate frequency (IF) signals to and from Expansion Hub using Cat-5 UTP/STP cable with RJ-45 connectors
• Converts IF to RF (downlink) and RF to IF (uplink)
• Uses a female SMA connector for connecting to standard passive antennas
• Displays its operational status with LEDs
• Plenum-rated unit
• Mounts above a false ceiling or in a plenum-rated location
PN 8100-40 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 5-1
620004-0 Rev. B
LGCell Remote Access Unit
5.1 LGCell Remote Access Unit Connectors
RJ-45 Port
There is one RJ-45 port on a single band RAU and two RJ-45 ports on the 900/1800 MHz and the 1800/1800 MHz dual band RAUs.
Figure 5-2 RJ-45 Port on a Single Band RAU
Figure 5-3 RJ-45 Ports on a Dual Band RAU
900 MHz band port
1800 MHz band port
On a 900/1800 dual band RAU, the top RJ-45 port is for the 900 MHz band and the bottom port is for the 1800 MHz band. The signals are combined and passed to a sin­gle SMA connector.
On an 1800/1800 dual band RAU, the ports are interchangeable. It does not matter which Cat-5 cable coming from the 1800/1800 dual band Expansion Hub you plug into the top or the bottom. However, you may want to plug the top 1800 MHz Expan­sion Hub’s Cat-5 cable into the top port and the bottom Expansion Hub’s cable into the port for easier troubleshooting later.
620004-0 Rev. B
LGCell Remote Access Unit Connectors
SMA Connector
There is one female SMA connector on a single band RAU and on the 900/1800 dual band RAU; and two female SMA connectors on the 1800/1800 dual band RAU. The connector is a duplexed RF input/output port that connects to standard passive antennas.
Figure 5-4 SMA Connector on the Single Band RAU
The 900/1800 dual band RAU has a single female SMA connector. The RAU uses a diplexer to combine the 900 MHz and 1800 MHz signals from the 900/1800 dual band Expansion Hub for output to a single passive antenna. Conversely, the uplink signals are separated into 900 MHz and 1800 MHz signals and sent to the 900/1800 dual band Expansion Hub.
The 1800/1800 dual band R AU has two f ema le SMA connecto rs. The RAU co mbines the signals from each of the 1 800 MHz b ands o n th e 18 00/1 800 du al ban d E xpansion Hub and passes the signals to both SMA connectors. On the uplink, all signals are sent to both 1800 MHz bands on the 1800/1800 dual band Expansion Hub. When attaching one passive antenna, terminate the unused connector with an SMA-type 50 ohm terminator (LGC Wireless part number 4100).
Diagrams of the dual band RAUs are shown in the following figure.
Figure 5-5 Block Diagram of the Dual Band RAUs
900 GSM/1800 DCS Dual Band RAU
STP
STP
900 GSM
1800 DCS
Diplexer
RF Out/In to/from Antenna
GSM 900 + 1800 DCS
1800 DCS/1800 DCS Dual Band RAU
STP
STP
1800 DCS(i)
Hybrid
Combiner
1800 DCS(ii)
1800 DCS(i) + 1800 DCS(ii)
RF Out/In to/from Antenna
1800 DCS(i) + 1800 DCS(ii)
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 5-3
620004-0 Rev. B
LGCell Remote Access Unit
5.1.1 R emote Access Unit LED Indicators
The RAU has LEDs that provide diagno sti c i nfo rmati on and op erati onal st atus o f t he unit.
Figure 5-6 RAU LEDs
Power LED
Sync LED
The RAU’s LED indicators are described in the following table.
Table 5-1 RAU LED Indicators
LED Color Indicates
POWER SYNC
Green RAU is receiving power from the connected Expansion Hub. Red PLL is not locked or clock power is low. Off No fault.
When the RAU shut down. When the fault is corrected, the
SYNC LED turns red, it indicates that the RF power in the RAU is
SYNC LED turns off.
5.2 LGCell Remote Access Unit Alarm
The RAU communicates its status to the Expansion Hub over the Cat-5 cable. The Expansion Hub, in turn, communicates the status to the Main Hub. The Main Hub’s MMF port LEDs can be used to help troubleshoot downstream problems; however, the LEDs do not indicate which downstream unit has the alarm.
620004-0 Rev. B
LGCell Remote Access Unit Specifications
5.3 LGCell Remote Access Unit Specifications
Note that for dual band systems, the specifications are per band.
Table 5-2 Remote Access Unit Specifications
Specification Description
Dimensions (H
Single Band Dual Band
Weight
Single Band
Dual Band Operating Temperatu re 0° to 45°C (32° to 113°F) Operating Humidity, non-condensing 5% to 95% RF Connectors 1 port, RJ-45
LED Alarm and St atus Indicators Po w er, Sync Power Consumption
Typical
Maximum Frequencies:
Single Band
× W × D)
× 110 mm × 140 mm (1.4 in. × 4.3 in. × 5.5 in.)
36 mm
× 157 mm × 203 mm (2.7 in. × 6.2 in. × 8 in.)
68 mm
< 0.4 kg (< 0.9 lb) < 0.8 kg (< 1.8 lb)
1, female SMA
5.7 W
7.5 W
• 800 MHz AMPS/TDMA/CDMA/iDEN
•900 MHz GSM
•900 MHz EGSM
• 1800 MHz DCS
• 1900 MHz TDMA/CDMA/GSM
Dual Band • 900 MHz GSM & 1800 MHz DCS
• 900 MHz EGSM & 1800 MHz DCS
• 1800 MHz DCS & 1800 MHz DCS
MTBF (hours) 965,000
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 5-5
620004-0 Rev. B
LGCell Remote Access Unit
5.4 Choosing Passive Antennas
Typically, omni-directional and directional passive antennas are used. Typical antenna gain is approximately 3 dBi for omni-directional antennas and 7 dBi for directional antennas. Antenna manufacturer specifications should be considered when selecting antennas.
Antenna selection considerations include:
• Antenna gain
• Antenna type (omni or directional, etc.)
• Performance
• Appearance (important to the building owner)
• Mounting type (ceiling mount, wall mount)
Refer to the LGC Wireless Complementary Products Catalog or contact your LGC account manager for a complete list of passive antennas that are available from LGC Wireless.
620004-0 Rev. B
SECTION 6 Managing and Planning an
LGCell Project
This section provides information to assist in managing and planning an LGCell sys­tem installation.
• Section 6.1 Managing an LGCell Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
• Section 6.2 Planning an LGCell Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5
• Section 6.3 Installation Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8
• Section 6.4 System Optimization and Commissioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9
PN 8100-40 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 6-1
620004-0 Rev. B
Managing a nd Planning an LGCe ll Project
6.1 Managing an LGCe ll P r oject
Proper project management is instrumental in providing timely and accurate deploy­ment of the LGCell system. It is beneficial to have o ne person manage and coordinate all aspects of the project: planning, designing, and installing the equipment. The project manager is the person responsible for assigning tasks and ensuring scheduled work is performed on time. The project manager also acts as the coordinator between all the people involved in the project.
The following table shows an estimated timeline for project management.
Table 6-1 Project Management Estimated Timeline
Description Details Time Interval
Detailed site walk-through/RF survey
Order LGCell equipment Get all parts and accessories required. 8 weeks* Select cabling contractor Compl et e installation statement of work and provide floor plan with equip-
Install cable Monitor installation. 1 to 5 days Install LGCell Review installation checklist and prepare all materials.
Test installation and RF coverage
Generate as-built document Prepare site plan diagram and coverage performance. 1 to 5 days
Prepare installation information, including RF plan, floor plan, equipment order form, and final design documents.
ment locations, cabling runs, and other materials and connections. Get cabling quotation after walk-through.
Refer to Sectio n 6.3 on page 6-8.
Be sure there are no uncovered areas.
Refer to Sectio n 6.4 on page 6-9.
1 to 2 weeks
2 weeks
1 to 3 days
1 hour per RA U
*Standard delivery after receipt of ord er.
620004-0 Rev. B
6.1.1 Project Management Responsibilities
Project management functions are performed throughout the duration of the project, from Site Survey through Commissioning, and include the following:
Lead Project Team
• Identify all project participants and document contact information
• Initiate project kick-off meeting
• Provide coordination of all participants
• Provide regular status reports to all participants including the end-user
Define Scope of Project
• Obtain system approval from all participants
• Define site coverage requirements
• Identify critical path items
• Identify all special requirements or potential “roadblocks”
• Plan installation time requirements
Conduct RF Site Survey
Managing an LGCell Project
• Review/confirm the preliminary signal readings and results of the RF Site Survey, whether conducted by LGC Wireless or others
• Identify RF project changes and/or restrictions
Prepare Site for Installation
• Conduct site walk-through with all appropriate participants
• Coordinate required permits
• Determine material receiving/storage/disbursement location
• Engage and contract with the cabling sub-contractor
• Schedule material delivery
• Coordinate and manage the installation, termination, and testing of required cables (MMF, UTP/STP, coaxial)
• Coordinate with the base station vendor for the integration of the LGCell system
• Coordinate with the service provider for frequency allocation
• Coordinate the installation of any required AC power, power systems, or power equipment
Manage Installation of System
• Establish and distribute Installation Schedule
• Confirm cable installation if provided by third-party company
• Confirm antenna locations and selection
• Obtain approval of the Installation Plan from prima ry p articip ants and the end-user
• Conduct pre-installation inspection
• Coordinate installation of the LGCell equipment
• Coordinate installation of antennas
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-3
620004-0 Rev. B
Managing a nd Planning an LGCe ll Project
Manage System Commissioning
• Coordinate system test
• Coordinate RF signal and coverage tests
• Coordinate complete RF system test with required participants
Manage System Acceptance
• Coordinate final inspection with required participants
• Prepare System Acceptance Document
• Issue System Acceptance Document
• Prepare As-Built Documents
620004-0 Rev. B
6.2 Planning an LGCell Installation
Preliminary Planning
• Complete a preliminary system design for current requirements
Compile all of the pertinent information to determine a preliminary system design.
• Determine design requirements
Consult with the end user, the service provider, and the equipment vendors to determine system requirements.
• Analyze floor plans
Review the building floor plans to determine approximate antenna locations and possible locations of equipment rooms. Also, where possible on the floor plans, check for various types of construction materials and installation restrictions.
Preliminary System Design
• Compute equipment requirements for current traffic rates
Base this on the voice channels required and equipment parameters of th e base sta­tion specified for the system (requires input from service provider RF Engineer).
Planning an LGCell Installation
• Compute equipment requirements for expansion to future traffic rates
Base this on customer requirements and equipment parameters of the base station specified for the system.
• Make recommendations for a system design for future traffic requirements
Provide a possible migration plan to achieve future capacity and coverage require­ments, perhaps including provisions for additional equipment and/or sectorization of the existing cells.
Site Survey
• Conduct on-site RF site evaluation
Conduct in-building signal level tests after the preliminary design is comp leted. Using a test transmitter, introduce an RF signal at the approximate antenna loca­tions and record the signal levels on a copy of the floor plan.
Conduct a physical review of the building to determine t ype s of co ns t ructi on mate­rials in the floors and walls, and amount of “clutter” in the building. (Clutter is anything that can block or reduce the RF signal coverage.) These will help deter­mine the expected coverage area; the in-building s ignal loss due to walls, furn iture, equipment, people, etc.; and the propos ed equipmen t locations and cabling requ ire­ments.
Identify AC power requirements and extra equipment (cabinets, cable trays, cable racks, etc.)
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-5
620004-0 Rev. B
Managing a nd Planning an LGCe ll Project
Frequency Planning
• Coordinate frequency planning with local carriers
Discuss with the local carrier the channel requirements for the system.
Final System Design
• Complete final design
Generate a final design based on preliminary design, results of RF tests, discus­sions with all appropriate parties involved in the project, and the site evaluation.
• Create final equipment list
Generate a final equipment requ irement lis t based on the final syste m design.
• Design review
Discuss the final system design with all appropriate parties involved in the project.
• RF Survey Report
Generate an RF Survey Report documenting all design information that you gath­ered.
• Traffic analysis of current requirements
Determine capabilities in terms of current and future capacity, coverage, and qual­ity of service.
620004-0 Rev. B
Planning an LGCell Installation
6.2.1 Site Survey Questionnaire
Site Survey Questionnaire
2540 Junction Avenue | San Jose, CA 95134 | TEL 408-952-2400 | FAX 408-952-2410
Project Information End-User Information
Project Name: End-User:
Purchaser Address: Site Address:
Company Name: Contact:
Contact: Phone:
Phone: E-mail: E-mail:
Type of System Enhancement
Coverage Capacity (BTS) Wireless Office Model No:
Building Information
Are floor plans available (including map scale?)  Yes  No Is outdoor coverage required?  Yes  No
Select the Downlink Power, Frequency, Protocol, and Band to Operate Under
Downlink Power at Mobile (dBm): Select One  –65  –70  –75  –80 –85 (default)  –90  –95 Frequencies (MHz): Select all that apply  800 900 GSM 900 EGSM 1800 1900 Protocol: GSM TDMA CDMA SMR/iDEN AMPS
Additional Questions
Are exposed antennas tolerated inside?  Yes  No  Unsure Are exposed antennas tolerated outside?  Yes  No  Unsure Are locations above ceiling/closets available for mounting equipment?  Yes  No  Unsure Have available mounting locations been identified? (please identify on floor plans)  Yes  No  Unsure Are 19" equipment racks available?  Yes  No  Unsure Is AC power available at the Main and Expansion Hubs?  Yes  No  Unsure Are multimode fiber optic cables available?  Yes  No  Unsure If on a campus, are single-mode fiber optic cables available?  Yes  No  Unsure Are Cat-5 UTP/STP runs available?  Yes  No  Unsure If cabling is not available, will customer mandate a subcontractor?
If yes, provide details in “Comments” section below. Is a bi-directional amplifier (repeater) needed?  Yes  No  Unsure Comments: (special installation requirements, subcontractors, coverage areas, contacts, etc.)
BTS Information
Manufacturer:
No. of Carriers:
No. of Subscribers:
BHCR? Yes No
Erlangs/Sub:
Select One
Yes No Unsure
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-7
620004-0 Rev. B
Managing a nd Planning an LGCe ll Project
6.3 Installation Checklist
Following is an installation checklist.
Table 6-2 Installation Checklist
Item Comments
Floor Plans Detailed floor plans of the project site, suitable for the installation of LGCell
equipment and cable. Equipment locations clearly marked on the plans
RF Site Survey RF signal readings and antenna orientation details from the RF Site Survey,
unless provided by LGC Wireless
Equipment Enclosures/Structures Any enclosures or structures required for the LGCell equipment, i.e., roof-top
structure, unless provided by LGC Wireless
Equipment Racks Procurement and installation of equipment racks, unless provided by LGC
Wireless Microcellular Base Station Base station installed prior to LGCell equipment installation Roof-top Antenna/Repeater Roof-top antenna and repeater installed prior to LGCell equipment installation Cat-5 cabling TIA/EIA 568-A approved; RJ-45 connectors; Absolute Minimum: 10 meters
(33 ft), Recommended Minimum: 20 meters (66 ft), Maximum: 50 meters
(165 ft); Expansion Hubs to RAUs; installed, inspected, tested
Shielded Cat-5 cable (STP) should be used for neutral host systems MMF 62.5µm/125µm; ST male connectors; up to 1 km (3300 ft); Main Hub to
Expansion Hubs; maximum 3 dB optical loss, including connector s, splices,
etc.; installed, inspected, tested Coaxial cabling Coax approved; N-type male connectors; repeater or base station to Main Hub;
installed, inspected, tested Coaxial cabling Coax approved; N-type male connector; RAU to passive antenna; installed,
inspected, tested Power 110/220V AC power available at hub locations Equipment on-hand and ready for installation: LGCell Main Hub(s) LGCell Expansion Hub(s) 4 per Main Hub Remote Access Unit(s) 4 per Expansion Hub Passive Antenna(s) Omni or directiona l; based on RF design UPS/Battery If required by customer Power combiner/divider Required if cascading multiple Main Hubs. N-male to N-male coaxial cables
used to connect power combiner/repeater to Main Hub and base station or
repeater.
620004-0 Rev. B
System Optimization and Commissioning
6.4 System Optimization and Commissioning
After the RF Site Survey is completed and the system is installed, perform the follow­ing tasks.
Check Installation
• Check installation of the Main Hubs, Expansion Hubs, Remote Access Units, split­ters/combiners, antennas, etc.
• Confirm all cable connections
• Confirm working condition of LGCell equipment
• Confirm that equipment quantities and equipment locations are documented
• Confirm that all equipment and cables are identified and marked with ID number
Check Cabling
• Review test results of Cat-5 cable (UTP/STP) (conduct cable test if testing has not already been completed; the results are needed for the As-Built Document)
• Review test results of coaxial cables; at base station to Main Hub and RAU to antenna
• Confirm and document actual link budget in coaxial cables
Check Optical Loss and Power Levels
• Confirm and document downlink power level out of base station
• Confirm and document downlink power level into Main Hub
• Confirm and document uplink power level out of Main Hub
• Check and document optical loss from Main Hub to Expansion Hub
Verify Coverage
• Conduct floor-by-floor system walk-through, confirming RSSI in all locations of the coverage area. Document R F signal level read ings fr om all l ocatio ns onto floor plan drawings.
• Confirm outside signal levels where required
• Measure RF signal out of equipment, if required
Check Signal Quality
• Check for neighbor channels/frequencies
• Confirm adjacent channel/frequency signal strength
• Check all call quality requirements of the carrier
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 6-9
620004-0 Rev. B
Managing a nd Planning an LGCe ll Project
Prepare As-Built Document
Prepare the final As-Built Document to include the following:
• Title Page
• Site Address
• Contact List
• Table of Contents
• Introduction
• Equipment Locations
• Wiring Configuration and Specifications
– Description of system installation including equipment used, unusual appli-
cations or obstacles, etc.
– Descriptions or diagrams of equipment locations within the facility
– Descriptions and tables of MMF and Cat-5 measurements; including Expan-
sion Hub ID numbers, RF signal level readings throughout coverage area, number of RAUs attached, results of the Cat-5 compliance tests, unusual or marginal applications, etc.
• Base Station Settings – Number of channels and sectors, transceiver setting, etc. – RF power into Main Hub – Amount of attenuat ion used
• Coverage Performance – Description of test method and outcome
• Summary – Include outstanding issues, future plans, and future considerations
• As-Built Floor Plans
620004-0 Rev. B
SECTION 7 Designing an LGCell Solution
Designing an LGCell solution is ultimately a matter of determining coverage and capacity needs. This requires the following steps:
1. Determine the wireless service provider’s requirements.
This information is usually supplied by the service provider:
• Frequency (i.e., 850 MHz)
• Band (i.e., “A” band in the Cellular spectrum)
• Protocol (i.e., TDMA, CDMA, GSM, iDEN)
• Peak capacity requirement (this, and whether or not the building will be split into sectors, determines the number of carriers that the LGCell will have to transmit)
• Design goal (RSSI, relative signal strength at the wireless handset, i.e., –85 dBm)
The design goal is always a stronger signal than the cell phone needs. It includes inherent factors which will affect performance (see Section 7.4.1 on page 7-32).
• RF source (base station or BDA), type of equipment if possible
2. Determine the power per carrier and input power from the base station or
BDA into the Main Hub: Section 7.1, “Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU,” on page 7-3.
The maximum power per carrier is a function of the number of RF carriers, the carrier headroom requirement, signal quality issues, regulatory emissions require­ments, and the LGCell’s RF performance. The power per carrier decreases as the number of carriers increases.
3. Determine the in-building environment: Section 7.2, “Estimating RF Cover-
age,” on page 7-18.
• Determine which areas of the buildi ng require cov erage (entire bu ilding, publi c areas, parking levels, etc.)
PN 8100-40 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 7-1
620004-0 Rev. B
Designing an LGCell Solution
• Obtain floor plans to determine floor space of building and the wall layout of the proposed areas to be covered. Floor plans will also be useful when you are selecting antenna locations.
• If possible, determine the building’s construction materials (sheetrock, metal, concrete, etc.)
• Determine type of environment – Open layout (e.g., a convention center) – Dense, close walls (e.g., a hospital) – Mixed use (e.g., an office building with hard wall offices and cubicles)
4. Develop an RF link budget: Section 7.4, “Link Budget Analysis,” on page
7-31.
Knowing the power per carrier , you can calcula te an RF link budg et which is used to predict how much propagation loss can be allowed in the system, while still providing satisfactory performance throughout the area being covered. The link budget is a methodical way to derive a “design goal”. If the design goal is pro­vided in advance, the link budget is simply: allowable RF loss = max. power per
carrier – design goal.
5. Determine the appropriate estimated path loss slope that corresponds to the
type of building and its layout, and estimate the coverage distance for each RAU: Section 7.2, “Estimating RF Coverage,” on page 7-18.
The path loss slope (PLS), which gives a value to the RF propagation characteris­tics within the building, is used to convert the RF link budget into an estimate of the coverage distance per antenna. This will help establish the LGCell equipment quantities you will need. The actual path loss slope that corresponds to the spe­cific RF environment inside the building can also be determined empirically by performing an RF site-survey of the building. This involves transmitting a cali­brated tone for a fixed antenna and making measurements with a mobile antenna throughout the area surrounding the transmitter.
6. Determine the items required to connect to the base station: Section 7.5,
“Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station,” on page 7-44.
Once you know the quantities of LGCell equipment you will use, you can deter­mine the accessories (combiners/dividers, surge suppressors, repeaters, attenua­tors, circulators, etc.) that are required to connect the system to the base station.
The individual elements that must be considered in designing an LGCell solution are discussed in the following sections.
620004-0 Rev. B
Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU
7.1 Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU
The following tables show the recommended maximum power per carrier out of the RAU SMA connector for different frequencies, formats, and numbers of carriers. These limits are dictated by RF signal quality and regulatory emissions issues. The maximum input power to the Main Hub is determined by subtracting the system gain from the maximum output power of the RAU. For most systems the gain is 0 dB. Exceptions are the duplex port for the Cellular LGCell (30 dB gain) and the duplex port of the PCS LGCell (40dB gain).
Therefore, when you connect a Main Hub to a base station or repeater, the RF power per carrier usually needs to be attenuated in order to avoid exceeding the LGCell’s maximum c omposite output power.
Refer to Section 7.6, “Designing for a Neutral Host System,” on page 7-48 when combining frequencies or protocols on a single Main Hub.
WARNING: Exceeding the maximum input power could cause perma­nent damage to the Main Hub.
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-3
620004-0 Rev. B
Designing an LGCell Solution
Table 7-1 800 MHz (AMPS) Power per Carrier
Recommended
Maximum
Output PPC
No. of
Carriers
at RAU
(dBm)
120.0
214.0
310.5
47.5
56.0
64.5
73.5
82.5
92.0 10 1.0 11 1.0 12 0.5 13 0.0 14 –0.5 15 –0.5 16 –1.0 20 –2.0 30 –4.0
WARNING: For 800 MHz AMPS, do not exceed the maximum compos­ite input power of 126mW (+21 dBm) to the Main Hub’s simplex ports, or 126µW (–9 dBm) to its duplex port at any time.
620004-0 Rev. B
Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU
Table 7-2 800 MHz (TDMA) Power per Carrier
Recommended
Maximum
Output PPC
No. of
Carriers
at RAU
(dBm)
117.0
212.0
39.0
47.0
55.5
64.5
73.5
82.5
92.0 10 1.5 11 1.0 12 0.5 13 0.5 14 0.0 15 –0.5 16 –0.5 20 –1.5 30 –3.5
WARNING: For 800 MHz TDMA, do not exceed the maximum compos­ite input power of 126mW (+21 dBm) to the Main Hub’s simplex ports, or 126µW (–9 dBm) to its duplex port at any time.
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-5
620004-0 Rev. B
Designing an LGCell Solution
Table 7-3 800 MHz (CDMA) Power per Carrier
Recommended
Maximum
Output PPC
No. of
Carriers
at RAU
(dBm)
110.0
27.5
36.0
45.0
54.0
63.5
72.5
82.0
WARNING: For 800 MHz CDMA, do not exceed the maximum com­posite input power of 126mW (+21 dBm) to the Main Hub’s simplex ports, or 126µW (–9 dBm) to its duplex port at any time.
620004-0 Rev. B
Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU
Table 7-4 800 MHz (iDEN/SMR) Power per Carrier
Recommended
Maximum
Output PPC
No. of
Carriers
at RAU
(dBm)
110.0
27.0
34.5
43.0
52.0
61.0
70.0
8–0.5
9–1.0 10 –1.5 11 –2.0 12 –2.5 13 –3.0 14 –3.0 15 –3.5 16 –4.0 20 –5.0 30 –6.5
WARNING: For 800 MHz iDEN/SMR, do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 126mW (+21 dBm) to the Main Hub’s duplex and/or simplex ports at any time.
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-7
620004-0 Rev. B
Designing an LGCell Solution
Table 7-5 900 MHz (GSM or EGSM) Power per Carrier
Maximum
Output PPC
No. of
Carriers
at RAU
(dBm)
18.0
24.0
32.0
41.0
50.0
6–1.0
7–1.5
8–2.0
9–2.5 10 –2.5 11 –3.0 12 –3.5 13 –3.5 14 –4.0 15 –4.0 16 –4.5
WARNING: For 900 MHz GSM or EGSM, do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 126mW (+ 21 dBm) to the Main Hub’s duplex and/or simplex ports at any time.
620004-0 Rev. B
Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU
Table 7-6 1800 MHz (GSM) Power per Carrier
Maximum
Output PPC
No. of
Carriers
at RAU
(dBm)
18.0
25.5
33.5
42.0
51.0
60.5
70.0
8–0.5
9–1.0 10 –1.5 11 –1.5 12 –2.0 13 –2.5 14 –2.5 15 –3.0 16 –3.0
WARNING: For 1800 MHz GSM, do not exceed the maximum compos­ite input power of 126mW (+21 dBm) to the Main Hub’s duplex and/or simplex ports at any time.
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-9
620004-0 Rev. B
Designing an LGCell Solution
Table 7-7 1800 MHz (CDMA Korea) Power per Carrier
Recommended
Maximum
Output PPC
No. of
Carriers
at RAU
(dBm)
18.0
25.5
34.0
43.0
52.0
61.5
70.5
80.0
WARNING: For 1800 MHz CDMA (Korea), do not exceed the maxi­mum composite input power of 126mW (+21 dBm) to the Main Hub’s duplex and/or simplex po rts at any time.
620004-0 Rev. B
Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU
Table 7-8 1900 MHz (TDMA) Power per Carrier
Recommended
Maximum
Output PPC
No. of
Carriers
at RAU
(dBm)
117.0
212.0
39.0
47.0
55.5
64.5
73.5
82.5
92.0 10 1.5 11 1.0 12 0.5 13 0.5 14 0.0 15 –0.5 16 –0.5 20 –1.5 30 –3.5
WARNING: For 1900 MHz TDMA, do not exceed the maximum com­posite input power of 126mW (+21dBm) to the Main Hub’s simplex ports, or 12.6µW (–19 dBm) to its duplex port at any time.
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-11
620004-0 Rev. B
Designing an LGCell Solution
Table 7-9 1900 MHz (GSM) Power per Carrier
Maximum
Output PPC
No. of
Carriers
at RAU
(dBm)
120.0
28.0
36.0
45.0
54.0
63.0
72.5
82.0
91.5 10 1.5 11 1.0 12 0.5 13 0.5 14 0.0 15 0.0 16 –0.5
WARNING: For 1900 MHz GSM, do not exceed the maximum compos­ite input power of 126mW (+21 dBm) to the Main Hub’s simplex ports, or 12.6µW (–19 dBm) to its duplex port at any time.
620004-0 Rev. B
Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU
Table 7-10 1900 MHz (CDMA) Power per Carrier
Recommended
Maximum
Output PPC
No. of
Carriers
at RAU
(dBm)
110.0
27.5
36.0
45.0
54.0
63.5
72.5
82.0
WARNING: For 1900 MHz CDMA, do not exceed the maximum com­posite input power of 126mW (+21dBm) to the Main Hub’s simplex ports, or 12.6µW (–19 dBm) to its duplex port at any time.
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-13
620004-0 Rev. B
Designing an LGCell Solution
Table 7-11 900 MHz (GSM or EGSM) and 1800 MHz (GSM) Low Band Power
per Carrier
Maximum
Output PPC
No. of
Carriers
18.0
23.5
31.5
40.5
5–0.5 6–1.5 7–2.0 8–2.5
9–3.0 10 –3.0 11 –3.5 12 –4.0 13 –4.0 14 –4.5 15 –4.5 16 –5.0
at RAU
(dBm)
WARNING: For 900 MHz GSM or EGSM and 1800 MHz GS M, do not
exceed the maximum composite input power of 126mW (+21 dBm) to the Main Hub’s duplex and/or simplex ports at any time.
620004-0 Rev. B
Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU
Table 7-12 900 MHz (GSM or EGSM) and 1800 MHz (GSM) High Band Power
per Carrier
Maximum
No. of
Carriers
18.0
24.5
32.5
41.0
50.0
6–0.5
7–1.0
8–1.5
9–2.0 10 –2.5 11 –2.5 12 –3.0 13 –3.5 14 –3.5 15 –4.0 16 –4.0
Output PPC
at RAU
(dBm)
WARNING: For 900 MHz GSM or EGSM and 1800 MHz GSM, do not
exceed the maximum composite input power of 126mW (+21 dBm) to the Main Hub’s duplex and/or simplex ports at any time.
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-15
620004-0 Rev. B
Designing an LGCell Solution
Table 7-13 1800/1800 MHz (GSM) Power per Carrier
Maximum
Output PPC
No. of
Carriers
at RAU
(dBm)
18.0
22.5
30.5
4–0.5
5–1.5
6–2.5
7–3.0
8–3.5
9–3.5 10 –4.0 11 –4.5 12 –5.0 13 –5.5 14 –5.5 15 –6.0 16 –6.5
WARNING: For 1800 MHz GSM, do not exceed the maximum compos­ite input power of 126mW (+21 dBm) to the Main Hub’s duplex and/o r simplex ports at any time.
620004-0 Rev. B
Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU
Allowing for Future Capacity Growth
Sometimes an LGCell deployment initially is used to enhance coverage. Later that same system may also need to provide increased capacity. Thus, the initial deploy­ment might only transmit two carriers but need to transmit four carriers later. There are two options for dealing with this scenario:
1. Design the initial coverage with a maximum power per carrier for four carriers.
2. Design the initial coverage for two carriers but leave Expansion Hub ports
unused. These ports can be used later if coverage holes are discovered once the power per carrier is lowered to accommodate the two additional carriers.
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-17
620004-0 Rev. B
Designing an LGCell Solution
7.2 Estimating RF Coverage
The maximum power per carrier (based on the number and type of RF carriers that are being transmitted) and the minimum acceptable received power at the wireless device (i.e., RSSI, the design goal) establish the RF link budget, and consequently the path loss between the antenna and the wireless device.
Figure 7-1 Determining Path Loss between the Antenna and the Wireless Device
Antenna and Gain (G)
RAU
P = power per carrier from the RAU
d
RSSI = power at the wireless device
(P + G) – RSSI = PL (1)
The path loss (PL) is the loss in decibels (dB) between the antenna and the wireless device. The distance, d, from the antenna correspondin g to this path los s can be calcu­lated using the path loss equation in Section 7.2.1 or in Section 7.2.3.
The losses due to the coaxial cable that connects the RAU to the antenna are not included in this equation because, typically, the cable is short and the losses are mod­est. However, if further precision is desired, you can use the coaxial cable losses listed in the following table.
Table 7-14 Coaxial Cable Losses
Loss at Length of Cable
0.9 m (3 ft) 0 .4 0.6
1.8 m (6 ft) 0 .9 1.4
3.0 m (10 ft) 1.5 2.4
800 MHz
(dB)
Loss at 1900 MHz (dB)
620004-0 Rev. B
7.2.1 Path Loss Equation
Indoor path loss obeys the distance power law* in equation (2):
Estimating RF Coverage
PL = 20log(4πd
f/c) + 10nlog(d/d0) + Χ
0
s
(2)
where:
• PL is the path loss at a distance, d, from the antenna (the distance between the antenna that is connected to the RAU and the point where the RF signal decreases to the minimum acceptable level at the wireless device).
is taken as 1 meter of free-space.
•d
0
• f is the operating frequency in hertz.
8
• c is the speed of light in a vacuum (3.0 × 10
m/sec).
• n is the path loss exponent and depends on the building “clutter”.
Χ
is a normal random variable that depends on partition losses inside the build-
•
s
ing, and therefore, depends on the frequency of operation.
As a reference, the following table gives estimates of signal loss for some RF barri ers.*
Table 7-15 Average Signal Loss of Common Buildin g Materials
Partition Type
Metal wall 26 815 Aluminum siding 20 815 Foil insulation 4 815 Cubicle walls 1.4 900 Concrete block wall 13 1300 Concrete floor 10 1300 Sheetro ck 1 to 2 1300 Light machinery 3 1300 General machinery 7 1300 Heavy machinery 11 1300 Equipment racks 7 1300 Assembly line 6 1300 Ceiling duct 5 1300 Metal stairs 5 1300
Loss (dB) @ <2 GHz Frequency (MHz)
*Rappaport, Theodore S. Wireless Communications, Principles, and Practice. Prentice Hall PTR, 1996.
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-19
620004-0 Rev. B
Designing an LGCell Solution
7.2.2 Path Loss Slope
T able 7-16 shows estimated path loss slope (PLS ) for vari ous enviro nments t hat have different “clutter” (i.e., objects that attenuate the RF signals, such as walls, partitions, stairwells, equipment racks, etc.)
Table 7-16 Estimated Path Loss Slope for Different In-Building Environments
Facility
Manufacturing 35 32 Hospital 39.4 38.1 Airport 35 32 Retail 36.1 33.1 Warehouse 35 32 Parking Garage 33.7 30.1 Office: 80% cubicle/20% hard wal l 36.1 33.1 Office: 50% cubicle/50% hard wal l 37.6 34.8 Office: 20% cubicle/80% hard wal l 39.4 38.1
PLS for 800/900 MHz
PLS for 1800/1900 MHz
620004-0 Rev. B
7.2.3 Coverage Distance
Equations (1) and (2), on pages 7-18 and 7-19, respectively, can be used to estimate the distance from the antenna to where the RF signal decreases to the minimum acceptable level at the wireless device.
Equation (2) can be simplified to:
PL = 20log(4πf/c) + PLSlo g D (3)
where PLS is chosen to account for partition losses. Because different frequencies penetrate partitions with different losses, the value of PLS will vary depending on the frequency.
For simplicity, Equation (3) can be used to estimate the coverage distance of an antenna that is connected to an RAU, for a given path loss, frequency, and type of in-building environment.
Table 7-17 gives the value of the first term of Equation (3) (i.e., (20log(4πf/c)) for various frequency bands.
Table 7-17 Frequency Bands and the Value of the first Term in Equation (3)
Estimating RF Coverage
Band (MHz)
800 Cellular 824–849 869–894 859 31.1 800 iDEN 806–824 851–869 837.5 30.9 900 GSM 890–915 935–960 925 31.8 900 E-GSM 880–915 925–960 920 31.7 1800 DCS 1710–1785 1805–1880 1795 37.5 1800 CDMA (Korea) 1750–1780 1840–1870 1810 37.6 1900 PCS 1850–1910 1930–1990 1920 38.1
Mid-Band Frequency (MHz) 20log(4πf/c)Uplink Downlink
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-21
620004-0 Rev. B
Designing an LGCell Solution
For reference, Tables 7-18 throug h 7-2 4 sh ow the di stance cov e red by an ant enna fo r various in-building environments. The following assumptions were made:
• Path loss Equation (3)
• 0 dBm output per carrier at the RAU output
• 3 dBi antenna gain
• RSSI = –85 dBm (typical for narrowband protocols, but not for spread-spec­trum protocols)
Table 7-18 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 800 MHz Cellular Applications
Distance from Antenna
Facility
Manufacturing 42 138 Hospital 28 91 Airport 42 138 Retail 38 123 Warehouse 42 138 Parking Garage 49 160 Office: 80% cubicle/20% hard wall 38 123 Office: 50% cubicle/50% hard wall 33 107 Office: 20% cubicle/80% hard wall 28 91
Table 7-19 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
Meters Feet
for 800 MHz iDEN Applications
Distance from Antenna
Facility
Manufacturing 43 140 Hospital 28 92 Airport 43 140 Retail 38 125 Warehouse 43 140 Parking Garage 49 162 Office: 80% cubicle/20% hard wall 38 125 Office: 50% cubicle/50% hard wall 33 108 Office: 20% cubicle/80% hard wall 28 92
Meters Feet
620004-0 Rev. B
Table 7-20 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 900 MHz GSM Applications
Distance from Antenna
Estimating RF Coverage
Facility
Meters Feet
Manufacturing 40 133 Hospital 27 88 Airport 40 133 Retail 36 118 Warehouse 40 133 Parking Garage 47 153 Office: 80 % cubicle/20 % h a r d w all 36 118 Office: 50 % cubicle/50 % ha r d w al l 31 103 Office: 20 % cubicle/80 % ha r d w al l 27 88
Table 7-21 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 900 MHz EGSM Applications
Distance from Antenna
Facility
Manufacturing 41 133 Hospital 27 88 Airport 41 133 Retail 36 119 Warehouse 41 133 Parking Garage 47 153 Office: 80 % cubicle/20 % h a r d w all 36 119 Office: 50 % cubicle/50 % ha r d w al l 31 103 Office: 20 % cubicle/80 % ha r d w al l 27 88
Meters Feet
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-23
620004-0 Rev. B
Designing an LGCell Solution
Table 7-22 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 1800 MHz DCS Applications
Distance from Antenna
Facility
Meters Feet
Manufacturing 38 124 Hospital 21 69 Airport 38 124 Retail 33 110 Warehouse 38 124 Parking Garage 48 156 Office: 80% cubicle/20% hard wall 33 110 Office: 50% cubicle/50% hard wall 28 93 Office: 20% cubicle/80% hard wall 21 69
Table 7-23 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 1800 MHz CDMA (Korea) Applications
Distance from Antenna
Facility
Manufacturing 38 123 Hospital 21 69 Airport 38 123 Retail 33 109 Warehouse 38 123 Parking Garage 47 155 Office: 80% cubicle/20% hard wall 33 109 Office: 50% cubicle/50% hard wall 28 92 Office: 20% cubicle/80% hard wall 21 69
Meters Feet
620004-0 Rev. B
Table 7-24 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna
for 1900 MHz PCS Applications
Distance from Antenna
Estimating RF Coverage
Facility
Meters Feet
Manufacturing 36 119 Hospital 20 67 Airport 36 119 Retail 32 105 Warehouse 36 119 Parking Garage 45 149 Office: 80 % cubicle/20 % ha r d w al l 32 105 Office: 50 % cubicle/50 % ha r d w al l 27 89 Office: 20 % cubicle/80 % ha r d w al l 20 67
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-25
620004-0 Rev. B
Designing an LGCell Solution
7.2.4 Example Design Estimate
1. Design goals:
• Cellular (859 MHz = average of the lowest uplink and the highest downlink frequency in 800 MHz Cellular band)
• TDMA provider
• 6 TDMA carriers in the system
• –85 dBm design goal (to 95% of the build ing) — the minimu m received power at the wireless device
• Base station with simplex RF connections
2. Power Per Carrier: The tables in Section 7.1, “Maximum Output Power per Car-
rier at RAU,” on page 7-3 provide maximum power per carrier information. The 800 MHz TDMA table (on page 7-5) indicates that the LGCell can support 6 car­riers with a typical power per carrier of 4.5 dBm.
4.5 dBm per carrier would be the typical RF signal into the Main Hub’s
(downlink) port. If the duplex port is used, you must take into account the
WARD
FOR-
gain of the port (T able 7-25 on page 7-28) and adjust the input power accordingly. For example, the duplex port on the 800 MHz LGCell provides 30 dB gain. Therefore, the input power must be no greater than –25.5 dBm per carrier (4.5 dBm – 30 dBm). Similarly, the PCS LGCell has a du plex po rt gai n of 40dB. All other systems have 0 dB gain through all ports.
3. Building information:
• 8 floor building with 9,290 sq. meters (100,000 sq. ft.) per floor; total 74,322 sq. meters (800,000 sq. ft.)
• Walls are sheetrock construction; suspended ceiling tiles
• Antennas used will be omni-directional, ceiling mounted
• Standard office environment, 50% hard wall offices and 50% cubicles
4. Link Budget: In this example, a design goal of –85 dBm is used. Suppose 3 dBi
omni-directional antennas are used in the design. Then, the maximum RF propa­gation loss should be no more than 92.5 dB (4.5 dBm + 3 dBi + 85 dBm) over 95% of the area being covered. It is important to no t e that a design goal such as
–85 dBm is usually derived taking into account multipath fading and log-normal shadowing characteristics. Thus, this design goal will only be met “on average” over 95% of the area being covered. At any given point, a fade may bring the sig­nal level underneath the design goal.
Note that this method of calculating a link budget is only for the downlink path. For information to calculate link budgets for both the downlink and uplink paths, see Section 7.4 on page 7-31.
5. Path Loss Slope: For a rough estimate, T able 7-16, “Estimated Path Loss Slope for
Different In-Building Environments” on page 7-20, shows t hat a building with 50% hard wall offices and 50% cubicles, at 859 MHz, has an approximat e path loss slop e (PLS) of 37.6. Given the RF link budget of 92.3 dB, the distance of coverage from each RAU will be 42 meters (138 ft). This corresponds to a coverage area of 5,641
620004-0 Rev. B
Estimating RF Coverage
sq. meters (60,719 sq. ft.) per RAU (see Section 7.2.1 for details on path loss esti­mation). For this case we assumed a circular radiation pattern, though the actual area covered will depend upon the pattern of the antenna and the obstructions i n the facility.
If the area to be covered is essentially an unobstructed hallway with some cover­age for the offices on either side of the hallway, a more aggressive design using a lower PLS should be used.
6. Equipment Required: Since you know the building size, you can now estimate
the LGCell equipment quantities that will be needed. Before any RF levels are tested in the building, you can estimate that 2 antennas per level will be needed.
a. 2 antennas per floor × 8 floors = 16 RAUs b. 16 RAUs ÷ 4 (max 4 RAUs per Expansion Hub) = 4 Expansion Hubs c. 4 Expansion Hubs ÷ 4 (max 4 Expansion Hubs per Main Hub) = 1 Main Hub
Check that the MMF and Cat-5 cable distances are as recommended. If the dis­tances differ, use the tables in Section 7.3, “System Gain,” on page 7-28 to deter­mine system gains or losses. The path loss may need to be recalculated to assure adequate signal levels in the required coverage distance.
The above estimates assume that all cable length requirements are met. If Expansion Hubs cannot be placed so that the RAUs are within the distance requirement, addi­tional Expansion Hubs may need to be placed closer to the required RAUs locations.
An RF Site Survey and Building Evaluation is required to accurately establish the LGCell equipment quantities required for the building. The site survey measures the RF losses within the building to determine the actual PLS, which will be used in the final path loss formula to determine the actual requirements of the LGCell.
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-27
620004-0 Rev. B
Designing an LGCell Solution
7.3 S ystem Gain
The following table shows a summary of the system gain when 1 km (3300 ft) of
62.5µm/125µm multimode fiber is used. The optical loss of 1 km (3300 ft) of MMF cable ranges from about 0.6 to 1.0 dB optical, depending on the type of cable (i.e., riser zip-cord, loose tube, slotted core, etc.).
Table 7-25 System Gain when using Duplex/Simplex Ports
System Gain (dB)
LGCell Frequency and Format
800 MHz AMPS, TDMA 30 0 800 MHz CDMA 30 0 800 MHz iDEN 0 0 900 MHz GSM, EGSM 0 0 1800 MHz GSM 0 0 1900 MHz TDMA 40 0 1900 MHz CDMA 40 0 1900 MHz GSM 40 0
Duplex Port Simplex Ports
NOTE: The maximum input power to the Main Hub is equal t o the maximum output
power of the RAU minus the system gain. For example, for a Cellular system with 6 TDMA carriers, the maximum output po wer is 4. 5 dBm per carrier. If the dup lex port is used, the maximum input power to the Main Hub should be no greater than –25.5 dBm per carrier.
620004-0 Rev. B
7.3.1 System Gain (Loss) Relative to MMF Cable Length
If the length of MMF cable is less than 1 km (3300 ft), the system gain will increase. If the cable length is between 1 km (3300 ft) and 2 km (6600 ft), the system gain will decrease as the cable length increases. Use the following fo rmula for determining the nominal gain (or loss) of the LGCell. The length of the MMF cable is denoted by L:
System Gain
gain (dB) = 3*(1 – )
MMF Cable Length System Gain (dB)
1 m / 3.3 ft +3 500 m / 1650 ft +1.5 1000 m / 3300 ft 0 1500 m / 4950 ft –1.5 2000 m / 6600 ft –3
MMF cable length greater than 2 km (6600 ft) is not recommended.
L
1000
The optical power budget b e twe en t he Main Hub and Expansion Hub, b oth d ownli nk and uplink, is 3 dB optical. If fiber dist ribu tio n panels are us ed, con fi rm that th e tot al optical loss of fiber cable, from the Main Hub through distribution panels and patch cords to the Expansion Hub, does not exceed 3 dB optical.
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-29
620004-0 Rev. B
Designing an LGCell Solution
7.3.2 System Gain (Loss) Relative to UTP/STP Cable Length
The recommended minimum length of UTP/STP cable is 20 meters (66 ft) and the recommended maximum length is 50 meters (165 ft). If the UTP/STP cable is less than 20 meters (66 ft), system performance may not meet specification s; the abso lute minimum cable length is 10 meters (33 ft). If the UTP/STP cable is longer than 50 meters (165 ft), the gain of the system will decrease, as shown in Table 7-26.
Only shielded Cat-5 cable (STP) should be used when running parallel Cat-5 cables for an LGCell system.
Table 7-26 System Gain (Loss) Relative to UTP /STP Cable Length
Typical change in system gain (dB) UTP/STP Cable Length
Downlink Uplink
800 MHz TDMA/AMPS a nd C DMA ; 900 MHz GSM and EGSM; and iDEN
60 m / 198 ft –0.7 –0.3 70 m / 231 ft –2.9 –2.1 80 m / 264 ft –5.1 –3.9 90 m / 297 ft –7.3 –5.7 100 m / 330 ft –9.5 –7.5
1800 MHz GSM (DCS)
60 m / 198 ft –1.2 –0.3 70 m / 231 ft –3.9 –2.1 80 m / 264 ft –6.6 –3.9 90 m / 297 ft –9.3 –5.7 100 m / 330 ft –12 –7.5
1900 MHz TDMA, CDMA, and GSM
60 m / 198 ft –1.0 –0.3 70 m / 231 ft –3.5 –2.1 80 m / 264 ft –6.0 –3.9 90 m / 297 ft –8.5 –5.7 100 m / 330 ft –1 1 –7.5
620004-0 Rev. B
7.4 Link Budget Analysis
A link budget is a methodical way to account for the gains and losses in an RF system so that the quality of coverage can be predicted. The end result can often be stated as a “design goal” in which the coverage is determined by the maximum distance from each RAU before the signal strength falls beneath that goal.
One key feature of the link budget is the maximum power per carrier discussed in Section 7.1. While the maximum power per carrier is important as far as emissions and signal quality requirements are concerned, it is critical that the maximum signal into the Main Hub never exceed +21 dBm (126mW) minus system gain. Composite power levels above this limit will cause damage to the Main Hub.
Table 7-27 LGCell Maximum I nput Power
LGCell System Maximum Input Power
Simplex Ports (all LGCells) +21 dBm 126mW Duplex Ports (Cellular) –9 dBm 126µW Duplex Ports (iDEN, GSM,
EGSM, DCS, CDMA-Korea) Duplex Ports (1900 MH z PCS) –19 dBm 12.6µW
Link Budget Analysis
+21 dBm 126mW
WARNING: Exceeding the maximum input power could cause perma­nent damage to the Main Hub.
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-31
620004-0 Rev. B
Designing an LGCell Solution
7.4.1 Elements of a Link Budget for Narrowband Standards
The link budget represents a typical calculation that might be used to determine how much path loss can be afforded in an LGCell design. This link budget analyzes both the downlink and uplink paths. For mos t conf ig urati on s, the downl ink re quires l ower path loss and is therefore the limiting factor in the system design. It is for this reason that a predetermined “design goal” for the downlink is sufficient to predict coverage distance.
The link budget is organized in a simple manner: the transmitted power is calculated, the airlink losses due to fading and body loss are summed, and the receiver sensitivity (minimum level a signal can be received f or acceptable call qua lity) is calculated. The maximum allowable path loss (in dB) is the difference between the transmitted power, less the airlink losses, and the receiver sensitivity. From the path loss, the maximum coverage distance can be estimated using the path loss formula presented in Section 7.2.1.
Table 7-28 provides link budget considerations for narrowband systems.
Table 7-28 Link Budget Considerations for Narrowband Systems
Consideration Description
BTS Transmit Power The power per carrier transmitted from the base station output Attenuation between
BTS and LGCell
LGCell Gain This is the system gain (see Table 7-25 on page 7-28) Antenna Gain The radiated output power includes antenna g ain. For example, if you use a 3 dBi antenna at the
BTS Noise Figure This is the ef fec tive noise floor of the base statio n in put (usua lly ba se station sen sitiv ity is this ef fec-
LGCell Noise Figure This is the LGCell’s uplink noise figure, which varies depending on the number of Expansion Hubs
This includes all losses: cable, attenuator, splitter/combiner, and so forth. On the downlink, attenuation must be chosen so that the maximum power per carrier going into the
Main Hub does not exceed the levels given in Section 7.1. On the uplink, attenuation is chosen to keep the maximum uplink signal and noise level low enough
to prevent base station alarms but small enough not to cause degradation in the system sensitivity. If the LGCell noise figure minus the attenuation is at least 10 dB higher than the BTS noise figure,
the system noise figure will be approximately that of the LGCell alone. See Section 7.5 for ways to independently set the uplink and downlink attenuations between the base station and the LGCell.
RAU that is transmitting 0 dBm per carrier, the effective radiated power (relative to an isotropic radiator) is 3 dBm per carrier.
tive noise floor plus a certain C/I ratio).
and RAUs, and the frequency band. The LGCell uplink noise figure is specified for a 1-1-4 configu­ration. Thus, the noi se figure fo r an L G Cell (o r m u ltiple LGCe ll s who s e u pli nk port s are p ower co m­bined) will be NF(1-1-4) + 10*log(# of Expansion Hubs). This represents an upper-bound becaus e the noise figure is lowe r if any of the Expansion Hub’s RAU ports are not used.
620004-0 Rev. B
Table 7-28 Link Budget Considerations for Narrowband Systems (conti nued)
Consideration Description
Thermal Noise This is the noise level in the signal bandwidth (BW).
Thermal noise power = –174 dBm/Hz + 10Log(BW).
Link Budget Analysis
Protocol
Signal Bandwidth
Thermal Noise
TDMA 30 kHz –129 dBm CDMA 1.25 MHz –113 dBm GSM 200 kHz –121 dBm iDEN 25 kHz –130 dBm
Required C/I ratio For each wireless standard a certain C/I (carrier t o interference) ratio is needed to obtain acceptable
demodulation performance. For narrowband systems, (TDMA, GSM, EDGE, iDEN, AMPS) this level varies from about 9 dB to 20 dB.
Mobile Transmit
The maximum power the mobile can transmit (power transmitted at highest power level setting).
Power Multipath Fade
Margin
This margin allows for a certain level of fading due to multipath interference. Inside buildings there is often one or more fairly strong signals and many weaker signals arriving from reflections and dif­fraction. Signals arriving from multiple paths add constructively or destructively. This margin accounts for the possibility of destructive multipath interference. In RF site surveys this margin will not appear because it will be averaged out over power level samples taken over many locations.
Log-normal Fade Margin
This margin adds an allowance for RF shadowing due to objects obstructing the direct path between the mobile equipment and the RAU. In RF site surveys, this shadowing will not appear because it
will be averaged out over power level samples taken over many locations. Body Loss This accounts for RF attenuation caused by the user’s head and body. Minimum Received
Signal Level
This is also referred to as the “design goal”. The link budget says that you can achieve adequate cov-
erage if the signal level is , on average, above this level over 95% of the area covered, for example.
PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 7-33
620004-0 Rev. B
Designing an LGCell Solution
7.4.2 Narrowband Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application
Narrowband Link Budget Analysis: Downlink
Line Downlink
Transmitter
a. BTS transmit power per carrier (dBm) 33 b. A ttenuation between BT S an d LGC e ll (dB ) –30 c. Power into LGCell (dBm) 3 d. LGCell gain (dB) 0 e. Antenna gain (dBi) 3 f. Radiated power per carrier (dBm) 6
Airlink
g. Multipath fade margin (dB) 6 h. Log-normal fade margin with 8 dB std. deviation, edge reliability 90%
(dB) i. Body loss (dB) 3 j. Airlink losses (not including facility path loss) 19
10
Receiver
k. Thermal noise (dBm/30 kHz) –129 l. Mobile noise figure (dB) 7 m. Required C/I ratio (dB) 12 n. Minimum received signal (dBm) –110
p. Maximum path loss (dB) 97
• c = a + b
• f = c + d + e
• j = g + h + i
• n = k + l + m
• k: in this example, k represents the thermal noise for a TDMA signal, which has a bandwidth of 30 kHz
•p = f – j – n
620004-0 Rev. B
Loading...
Buy Points How it Works FAQ Contact Us Questions and Suggestions Privacy Policy Cookie Policy Terms of Use