ADC DAS819A-4 Users Manual

®

TM

LGCell Wireless

Networking System

Version 4.0

Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual

PN 8100-40

620004-0 Rev. E

This manual is produced for use by LGC Wireless personnel, licensees, and customers. The
information contained herein is the property of LGC Wireless. No part of this document
may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
for any purpose, without the express written permission of LGC Wireless.

LGC Wireless reserves the right to make changes, without notice, to the specifications and
materials contained herein, and shall not be responsible for any damages caused by reliance
on the material as presented, including, but not limited to, typographical and listing errors.

Your comments are welcome – they help us improve our products and documentation.
Please address your comments to LGC Wireless, Inc. corporate headquarters in San Jose,
California:

Address 2540 Junction Avenue

San Jose, California
95134-1902 USA

Attn: Marketing Dept.

Phone [phone]

Fax [phone]

Help Hot Line 1-800-530-9960 (U.S. only)

[phone] (International)

Web Address http://www.lgcwireless.com

e-mail [e-mail]

[e-mail]

Copyright © 2001-2002 by LGC Wireless, Inc. Printed in USA. All rights reserved.

Trademarks

All trademarks identified by ™ or ® are trademarks or registered trademark of LGC
Wireless, Inc. All other trademarks belong to their respective owners.

LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40

620004-0 Rev. E

Limited Warranty

Seller warrants articles of its manufacture against defective materials or workmanship for a
period of one year from the date of shipment to Purchaser, except as provided in any warranty
applicable to Purchaser on or in the package containing the Goods (which warranty takes
precedence over the following warranty). The liability of Seller under the foregoing warranty
is limited, at Seller’s option, solely to repair or replacement with equivalent Goods, or an
appropriate adjustment not to exceed the sales price to Purchaser, provided that (a) Seller is
notified in writing by Purchaser, within the one year warranty period, promptly upon
discovery of defects, with a detailed description of such defects, (b) Purchaser has obtained a
Return Materials Authorization (RMA) from Seller, which RMA Seller agrees to provide
Purchaser promptly upon request, (c) the defective Goods are returned to Seller,
transportation and other applicable charges prepaid by the Purchaser, and (d) Seller’s
examination of such Goods discloses to its reasonable satisfaction that defects were not
caused by negligence, misuse, improper installation, improper maintenance, accident or
unauthorized repair or alteration or any other cause outside the scope of Purchaser’s warranty
made hereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Seller shall have the option to repair any
defective Goods at Purchaser’s facility. The original warranty period for any Goods that have
been repaired or replaced by seller will not thereby be extended. In addition, all sales will be
subject to standard terms and conditions on the sales contract.

PN 8100-40 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual

620004-0 Rev. E

LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40

620004-0 Rev. E

Table of Contents

SECTION 1 General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

1.1 Purpose and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

1.2 Conventions in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

1.3 Acronyms in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4

1.4 Standards Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6

1.5 Related Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6

SECTION 2

LGCell 4.0 System Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

2.1 System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2

2.2 System Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5

2.2.1 Using LGCell to Increase Coverage and Capacity . . . . . . . . . 2-6

2.2.2 Using LGCell to Increase Coverage, Capacity, and

Functionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7

2.2.3 Using LGCell to Simultaneously Support Multiple

Bands/Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8

2.3 System Bandwidths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11

2.3.1 800 MHz and 900 MHz Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11

2.3.2 1800 MHz and 1900 MHz Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12

2.4 System Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14

2.4.1 Physical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14

2.4.2 Environmental Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15

2.4.3 Alarm LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15

SECTION 3 LGCell Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

3.1 LGCell Main Hub Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2

3.1.1 MMF Downlink/Uplink Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3

3.1.2 Main Hub LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

3.2 LGCell Main Hub Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5

3.2.1 Main Hub Rear Panel Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6

3.3 LGCell Main Hub Alarm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8

3.4 LGCell Main Hub Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9

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SECTION 4 LGCell Expansion Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

4.1 LGCell Expansion Hub Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2

4.1.1 MMF Downlink/Uplink Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

4.1.2 RJ-45 Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4

4.1.3 Expansion Hub LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5

4.2 LGCell Expansion Hub Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6

4.3 LGCell Expansion Hub Alarm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6

4.4 LGCell Expansion Hub Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7

SECTION 5

SECTION 6

SECTION 7

LGCell Remote Access Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1

5.1 LGCell Remote Access Unit Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2

5.1.1 Remote Access Unit LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4

5.2 LGCell Remote Access Unit Alarm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5

5.3 LGCell Remote Access Unit Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6

5.4 Choosing Passive Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8

Managing and Planning an LGCell Project . . . . 6-1

6.1 Managing an LGCell Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2

6.1.1 Project Management Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3

6.2 Planning an LGCell Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5

6.2.1 Site Survey Questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7

6.3 Installation Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8

6.4 System Optimization and Commissioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9

Designing an LGCell Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1

7.1 Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3

7.2 Estimating RF Coverage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-15

7.2.1 Path Loss Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-16

7.2.2 Path Loss Slope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-17

7.2.3 Coverage Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-18

7.2.4 Example Design Estimate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-23

7.3 System Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-25

7.3.1 System Gain (Loss) Relative to MMF Cable Length . . . . . . 7-26

7.3.2 System Gain (Loss) Relative to UTP/STP Cable Length . . . 7-27

7.4 Link Budget Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-28

7.4.1 Elements of a Link Budget for Narrowband Standards . . . . . 7-29

7.4.2 Narrowband Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell

Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-31

7.4.3 Elements of a Link Budget for CDMA Standards . . . . . . . . . 7-33

7.4.4 Spread Spectrum Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell

Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-36

7.4.5 Considerations for Re-Radiation (over-the-air) Systems . . . . 7-40

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7.5 Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-41

7.5.1 Attenuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-42

7.5.2 Uplink Attenuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-43

7.5.2.1 Uplink Attenuation Exception: CDMA . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-44

7.6 Designing for a Neutral Host System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-45

7.6.1 Capacity of the LGCell Neutral Host System . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-45

7.6.2 Example LGCell Neutral Host System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-46

SECTION 8 Installation Requirements and Safety

Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1

8.1 Installation Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2

8.1.1 Cable and Connector Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2

8.1.2 Neutral Host System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2

8.1.3 Distance Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3

8.2 Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4

8.2.1 Underwriters Laboratory Installation Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . 8-4

8.2.2 General Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-5

8.2.3 Fiber Port Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6

SECTION 9 Installing the LGCell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1

9.1 Inspecting Shipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2

9.2 Installing the Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3

9.2.1 Main Hub Installation Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3

9.2.2 Tools and Materials Required to Install Main Hub . . . . . . . . . 9-4

9.2.3 Main Hub Installation Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-5

9.2.4 Interfacing LGCell to Base Stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-9

9.2.4.1 Connecting Multiple LGCell Systems to a

Base Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-14

9.2.5 Reporting LGCell Alarms to a Base Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-16

9.2.6 Installing Main Hubs in a Neutral Host System . . . . . . . . . . 9-19

9.3 Installing the Expansion Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-20

9.3.1 Expansion Hub Installation Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-20

9.3.2 Tools and Materials Required to Install Expansion Hub . . . . 9-20

9.3.3 Expansion Hub Installation Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-21

9.3.4 Installing Expansion Hubs in a Neutral Host System . . . . . . 9-27

9.4 Installing the Remote Access Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-28

9.4.1 Remote Access Unit Installation Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-28

9.4.2 Tools and Materials Required to Install Remote Access Unit 9-28

9.4.3 RAU Installation Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-29

9.4.4 Installing Remote Access Units in a Neutral Host System . . 9-33

PN 8100-40 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual iii

620004-0 Rev. E

SECTION 10 Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and

Technical Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1

10.1 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1

10.2 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2

10.2.1 Troubleshooting Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-3

10.2.2 Troubleshooting Using the LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4

10.2.2.1 LED Indicator Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4

10.2.2.2 Diagnostic Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-5

10.3 Technical Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-9

APPENDIX A

APPENDIX B

Cables and Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1

A.1 Coaxial Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-2

A.2 Multimode Fiber Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-2

A.3 Category 5 UTP/STP Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-3

A.4 5-port Daisy-Chain Alarm Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-4

Compliance Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1

B.1 LGCell System Approval Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1

B.1.1 800 MHz Cellular . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1

B.1.2 800 MHz iDEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2

B.1.3 900 MHz EGSM/GSM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2

B.1.4 1800 MHz GSM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2

B.1.5 1900 MHz PCS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-3

B.1.6 FCC Regulatory Notice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-3

B.1.7 Industry Canada Regulatory Notice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-3

B.2 Declaration of Conformity to Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-4

B.3 IEC/EN 60825-2: Safe Use of Optical Fiber Communication

Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-7

B.3.1 Description of LGCell System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-7

B.3.2 Requirements under IEC 60825 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-7

B.3.3 Installation Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-8

B.3.4 Evaluation of LGC System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-8

B.3.5 Suggested Work Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-9

B.4 Human Exposure to RF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-10

APPENDIX C

Frequently Asked Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1

APPENDIX D Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1

iv LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40

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List of Figures

Figure 2-1 LGCell Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2

Figure 2-2 LGCell System Block Diagram (Single Band) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3

Figure 2-3 Increasing Coverage with LGCell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6

Figure 2-4 Increasing Capacity and Coverage with LGCell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6

Figure 2-5 Increasing Coverage, Capacity, and Functionality with LGCell . . . . . . 2-7

Figure 2-6 Example Neutral Host Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9

Figure 2-7 LGCell Neutral Host Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10

Figure 3-1 The Main Hub in an LGCell 1-1-1 Configuration* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

Figure 3-2 Front Panel of a Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2

Figure 3-3 MMF Downlink/Uplink Ports on the Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3

Figure 3-4 Main Hub Front Panel LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

Figure 3-5 Rear Panel of a Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5

Figure 3-6 N-type Female Connectors on the Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6

Figure 3-7 9-pin D-sub Connector on the Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7

Figure 3-8 Monitoring Main Hub Alarms from the BTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8

Figure 4-1 The Expansion Hub in an LGCell 1-1-1 Configuration* . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

Figure 4-2 Front Panel of an Expansion Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2

Figure 4-3 MMF Downlink/Uplink Port on the Expansion Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

Figure 4-4 RJ-45 Ports on the Expansion Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4

Figure 4-5 Expansion Hub Front Panel LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5

Figure 5-1 The Remote Access Unit in an LGCell 1-1-1 Configuration* . . . . . . . 5-1

Figure 5-2 RJ-45 Port on a Single Band RAU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2

Figure 5-3 RJ-45 Ports on LGCell Dual Band RAUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2

Figure 5-4 SMA Connector on the Single Band RAU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

Figure 5-5 Block Diagram of the Dual Band RAUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

Figure 5-6 RAU LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4

Figure 7-1 Determining Path Loss between the Antenna and the Wireless Device 7-15

Figure 7-2 Connecting LGCell Main Hubs to a Simplex Base Station . . . . . . . . . 7-41

Figure 7-3 LGCell to Duplex Base Station or Repeater Connections . . . . . . . . . . 7-42

Figure 9-1 Simplex Base Station to LGCell Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-10

Figure 9-2 Duplex Base Station to LGCell Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-11

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Figure 9-3 Duplex Base Station to LGCell Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-12

Figure 9-4 Duplex Base Station to LGCell Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-13

Figure 9-5 Connecting Two LGCell Main Hubs using their Duplex Ports . . . . . . 9-14

Figure 9-6 5-port Daisy-Chain Alarm Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-17

Figure A-1 Wiring Map for Cat-5 UTP Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-3

Figure A-2 5-port Daisy-Chain Alarm Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-4

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List of Tables

Table 2-1 Bandwidths: 800 and 900 MHz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11

Table 2-2 Band Frequency of the DCS 1800 MHz LGCell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12

Table 2-3 Bandwidths: 1900 MHz PCS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13

Table 3-1 Main Hub LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

Table 3-2 Main Hub Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9

Table 4-1 Expansion Hub LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5

Table 4-2 Expansion Hub Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7

Table 5-1 RAU LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4

Table 5-2 RAU Specifications (Single Band Unless Indicated Otherwise) . . . . . 5-6

Table 5-3 RF Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7

Table 6-1 Project Management Estimated Timeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2

Table 6-2 Installation Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8

Table 7-1 800 MHz Cellular Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4

Table 7-2 800 MHz iDEN/CDMA Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5

Table 7-3 900 MHz GSM or EGSM Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6

Table 7-4 1800 MHz DCS (GSM) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-7

Table 7-5 1800 MHz CDMA (Korea) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8

Table 7-6 1900 MHz PCS Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-9

Table 7-7 800 MHz CDMA and 900 MHz GSM Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . 7-10

Table 7-8 800 MHz Cellular and 1900 MHz PCS Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . 7-11

Table 7-9 900 MHz GSM or EGSM and 1800 MHz GSM Power per Carrier . . 7-12

Table 7-10 1800/1800 MHz GSM Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-13

Table 7-11 Coaxial Cable Losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-15

Table 7-12 Average Signal Loss of Common Building Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-16

Table 7-13 Estimated Path Loss Slope for Different In-Building Environments . 7-17

Table 7-14 Frequency Bands and the Value of the first Term in Equation (3) . . . 7-18

Table 7-15 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna

for 800 MHz Cellular Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-19

Table 7-16 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna

for 800 MHz iDEN Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-19

PN 8100-40 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual vii

620004-0 Rev. E

Table 7-17 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna

for 900 MHz GSM Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-20

Table 7-18 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna

for 900 MHz EGSM Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-20

Table 7-19 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna

for 1800 MHz DCS Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-21

Table 7-20 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna

for 1800 MHz CDMA (Korea) Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-21

Table 7-21 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna

for 1900 MHz PCS Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-22

Table 7-22 System Gain when using Duplex/Simplex Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-25

Table 7-23 System Gain (Loss) Relative to UTP/STP Cable Length . . . . . . . . . . 7-27

Table 7-24 LGCell Maximum Input Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-28

Table 7-25 Link Budget Considerations for Narrowband Systems . . . . . . . . . . . 7-29

Table 7-26 Distribution of Power within a CDMA Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-33

Table 7-27 Additional Link Budget Considerations for CDMA Systems . . . . . . 7-34

Table 8-1 LGCell Distance Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3

Table 10-1 LGCell Equipment LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4

Table 10-2 LED Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-5

Table B-1 Peak 1-g SAR for RAU Models 850 and 1900 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-10

viii LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40

620004-0 Rev. E

SECTION 1 General Information

This section contains the following:

• Section 1.1 Purpose and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

• Section 1.2 Conventions in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

• Section 1.3 Acronyms in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4

• Section 1.4 Standards Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6

• Section 1.5 Related Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6

PN 8100-40 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 1-1

620004-0 Rev. E

General Information

1.1 Purpose and Scope

This document describes the LGCellTM Distributed Antenna System and its installa­tion. The following sections are included:

• Section 2 LGCell 4.0 System Description

• Section 3 LGCell Main Hub

• Section 4 LGCell Expansion Hub

• Section 5 LGCell Remote Access Unit

• Section 6 Managing and Planning an LGCell Project

• Section 7 Designing an LGCell Solution

• Section 8 Installation Requirements and Safety Precautions

• Section 9 Installing the LGCell

• Section 10 Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance

• Appendix A Cables and Connectors

• Appendix B Compliance Information

• Appendix C Frequently Asked Questions

• Appendix D Glossary

1-2 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40

620004-0 Rev. E

1.2 Conventions in this Manual

The following table lists the type style conventions used in this manual.

Convention Description

bold Used for emphasis

BOLD CAPS

Measurements are listed first in metric units, followed by U.S. Customary System of
units in parentheses. For example:

0° to 45°C (32° to 113°F)

The following symbols are used to highlight certain information as described:

NOTE: This format is used to emphasize text with special significance or
importance, and to provide supplemental information.

Used to indicate labels on equipment

Conventions in this Manual

CAUTION: This format is used when a given action or omitted

action can cause or contribute to a hazardous condition. Damage to
the equipment can occur.

WARNING: This format is used when a given action or omitted action
can result in catastrophic damage to the equipment or cause injury to
the user.

Procedure

This format is used to highlight a procedure.

PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 1-3

620004-0 Rev. E

General Information

1.3 Acronyms in this Manual

Acronym Definition

BDA bidirectional amplifier/repeater

BTS base transceiver station

Cat-5 Category 5 (twisted pair cable)

CDMA Code Division Multiple Access

C/I carrier to interface

CISP Certified Installation Service Provider

dB decibel

dBm decibels relative to 1 milliwatt

DCS Digital Communications System

DL downlink

EGSM Extended Global Standard for Mobile Communications

GHz gigahertz

GSM Groupe Speciale Mobile (now translated in English as Global Standard

for Mobile Communications)

Hz hertz

iDEN Integrated Digital Enhanced Network (Motorola variant of TDMA

wireless)

IF intermediate frequency

LAN local area network

LED light emitting diode

mA milliamps

MBS microcellular base station

MHz megahertz

MMF multimode fiber

MTBF mean time between failures

NF noise figure

nm nanometer

PBX private branch exchange

PCS

PLL phase-locked loop

PLS path loss slope

RAU Remote Access Unit

RF radio frequency

RSSI received signal strength indicator

Personal Communications System

1-4 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40

620004-0 Rev. E

Acronyms in this Manual

Acronym Definition

SMA sub-miniature A connector (coaxial cable connector type)

SNR signal-to-noise ratio

ST straight tip (fiber optic cable connector type)

STP shielded twisted pair

TDMA Time Division Multiple Access

TP twisted pair

UL uplink; Underwriters Laboratories

UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System

UPS uninterruptable power supply

UTP unshielded twisted pair

WOS wireless office service

PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 1-5

620004-0 Rev. E

General Information

1.4 Standards Conformance

• Complies with industry standards for IS-19B/AMPS, J-STD-8, IS-136/TDMA,
IS-95B/CDMA.

• Utilizes the TIA/EIA 568-A Ethernet cabling standards for ease of installation.

• Distributes signals over a building’s existing industry-standard cable infrastructure
of multimode fiber (MMF) and unshielded twisted pair/shielded twisted pair
(UTP/STP) cable.

• See Appendix B for compliance information.

1.5 Related Publications

• MetroReach Focus Configuration, Installation, and Reference Manual; LGC Wire­less part number 8500-10

• ARM2000 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual; LGC Wireless part
number 8305-10

• LGC Wireless Complementary Products Catalog; LGC Wireless part number
8600-10

• Neutral Host System Planning Guide; LGC Wireless part number 9000-10

1-6 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40

620004-0 Rev. E

SECTION 2 LGCell 4.0 System Description

This section contains the following:

• Section 2.1 System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2

• Section 2.2 System Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5

• Section 2.3 System Bandwidths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11

• Section 2.4 System Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14

PN 8100-40 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual 2-1

620004-0 Rev. E

LGCell 4.0 System Description

2.1 System Overview

The LGCell acts as an extension of the outdoor, macrocellular network to provide RF
signal coverage and capacity to places where the signals are not always available or
adequate, such as inside a building, tunnel, subway, or other hard-to-reach locations.

LGCell features:

• Supports all cellular protocols.

• Provides uniform radio coverage.

• Distributes cellular signals through standard multimode fiber (MMF) and standard
UTP/STP cables, which are found in most office buildings.

• Uses a double-star topology, which allows for easy, cost-effective growth of cov­erage and capacity.

The LGCell system consists of three components, as shown (from top to bottom) in
the following figure:

• Remote Access Unit

• Expansion Hub

•Main Hub

Figure 2-1 LGCell Components

2-2 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40

620004-0 Rev. E

From/To
BTS
or
Repeater

RF

Processing

Control

RF

Processing

Splitter

Combiner

Alarm Control

System Overview

The following figure shows a block diagram of a single band LGCell system. Note
that uplink and downlink RF and control signals for an RAU travel through one Cat-5
cable.

Figure 2-2 LGCell System Block Diagram (Single Band)

Remote Access UnitExpansion HubMain Hub

E/O

E/O

E/O

E/O

E/O

E/O

E/O

E/O

Multimode
Fiber

Multimode
Fiber

O/E

O/E

Processing

Control

RF

Processing

RF

Cat-5

SplitterSplitter

Cat-5

Cat-5

Diagnostics

Cat-5

Combiner

RF

Processing

Control

RF

Processing

Duplexer

Power Supply Power Supply EH/RAU

PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-3

620004-0 Rev. E

LGCell 4.0 System Description

LGCell components are available in the following frequencies and protocols:

• Single-Band Frequencies and Protocols

• 800 MHz Cellular

• 800 MHz iDEN

• 900 MHz GSM

• 900 MHz EGSM

1

1

• 1900 MHz PCS (4 band options)

• Dual-Band Frequencies and Protocols

The Main Hubs and Expansion Hubs in a dual-band system each consist of two
single-band hubs. The Dual Band RAUs contain electronics for two bands and
have combined output ports.

• 800 MHz CDMA & 900 MHz GSM (China only)

• 800 MHz Cellular & 1900 MHz PCS

• 900 MHz GSM & 1800 MHz DCS

• 900 MHz EGSM & 1800 MHz DCS

• 1800 MHz DCS & 1800 MHz DCS

1. Approved for use with paging and two-way messaging in the U.S. and Canada.

2-4 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40

620004-0 Rev. E

2.2 System Operation

Downlink (Base Station/Repeater to Wireless Handsets)

• The LGCell system’s Main Hub is usually installed in a 19 in. (483 mm) equip­ment rack in a wiring closet or equipment room inside the facility where coverage
will be provided. Coaxial cable is used to connect the Main Hub to a local base sta­tion or to a repeater that is attached to a roof-top antenna. The Main Hub receives
the incoming RF signals and splits them to feed four internal fiber optic transceiv­ers that convert the RF signals to optical signals. The Main Hub transmits the opti­cal signals over multimode fiber to up to four Expansion Hubs, which are usually
installed in other telecom closets throughout the facility.

WARNING: Exceeding the maximum input power could cause failure
of the Main Hub (refer to Section 7.1 on page 7-3 for maximum power
ratings). Attenuators may be required to limit the maximum composite
power into the Main Hub.

System Operation

•The Expansion Hub converts the optical signals back to electrical signals, which
are then transmitted to up to four Remote Access Units (RAUs) over Cat-5
UTP/STP cabling.

•The Remote Access Unit receives the electrical signals from the Expansion Hub
and transports the signals over a short coaxial cable to an attached passive antenna,
which then transmits the RF signals to wireless handsets.

Uplink (Wireless Handsets to Base Station)

• The passive antenna relays the RF signals from wireless handsets to the Remote
Access Unit, which then transmits the signals to the Expansion Hub over Cat-5

UTP/STP cabling.

•The Expansion Hub converts the electrical signals to optical signals and transmits
the signals to the Main Hub over MMF.

•The Main Hub converts the optical signals to the proper frequency band RF sig-
nals and sends them to a local base station or to a repeater that is connected to a
roof-top antenna.

PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-5

620004-0 Rev. E

LGCell 4.0 System Description

2.2.1 Using LGCell to Increase Coverage and Capacity

You can extend the outdoor, macrocellular network indoors by connecting the
LGCell system to a repeater that is attached to a roof-top antenna. The following fig­ure illustrates how the LGCell can be used to enhance in-building coverage.

Figure 2-3 Increasing Coverage with LGCell

Roof-top Antenna

BTS

Mobile

Switching

Center

Repeater

LGCell Main Hub

Multimode Fiber

LGCell Expansion Hub

LGCell Expansion Hub

LGCell Expansion Hub

LGCell Expansion Hub

Coaxial Cable

Category 5 UTP/STP Cable

RAU

RAU

RAU

RAU

In-Building Installation
for Increased Coverage

RAU

RAU

RAU

RAU

RAU

RAU

RAU

RAU

RAU

RAU

RAU

RAU

You can increase the number of users who are able to communicate through their
wireless handheld devices by connecting an LGCell system to a local, centralized
base station. In this configuration, the base station provides voice channel capacity
and the LGCell provides coverage.

Figure 2-4 Increasing Capacity and Coverage with LGCell

T1/E1

LGCell Main Hub

LGCell Expansion Hub

LGCell Expansion Hub

Microcellular

Base

Station

Multimode Fiber

LGCell Expansion Hub

LGCell Expansion Hub

Coaxial Cable

Category 5 UTP/STP Cable

RAU

RAU

RAU

RAU

In-Building Installation
for Increased Capacity
and Coverage

RAU

RAU

RAU

RAU

RAU

RAU

RAU

RAU

RAU

RAU

RAU

RAU

2-6 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40

620004-0 Rev. E

System Operation

2.2.2 Using LGCell to Increase Coverage, Capacity, and Functionality

Interfacing the LGCell with a base station/PBX network gives wireless phone users
PBX functionality through their wireless phones, anytime, anywhere. The following
figure shows an example installation for wireless office service (WOS).

Figure 2-5 Increasing Coverage, Capacity, and Functionality with LGCell

Mobile

Switching

Center

In-Building Installation
for Increased Coverage,
Capacity, and
Functionality

RAU

RAU

RAU

RAU

RAU

RAU

RAU

RAU

RAU

RAU

RAU

RAU

T1/E1

LGCell Main Hub

LGCell Expansion Hub

LGCell Expansion Hub

PBX

Microcellular

Base

Station

Multimode Fiber

LGCell Expansion Hub

LGCell Expansion Hub

Coaxial Cable

Category 5 UTP/STP Cable

RAU

RAU

RAU

RAU

With the LGCell/base station/PBX* solution, employees can use a wireless phone in
place of a wireline desk phone to access the PBX while inside the building and use
the same phone for wireless communications while outside the building. Employees
can access PBX features such as four-digit dialing, call delivery, call forwarding,
call-waiting, conferencing, and voice mail from their wireless phone.

In this configuration, the base station private wireless network transmits RF signals
indoors, and the macrocellular network takes over outdoors.

*Check with your PBX manufacturer/vendor for compatibility, connection, and oper­ation.

PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-7

620004-0 Rev. E

LGCell 4.0 System Description

2.2.3 Using LGCell to Simultaneously Support Multiple
Bands/Protocols

The LGCell can simultaneously support more than one frequency band. Two options
include:

• The Dual Band LGCell for an Operator running parallel networks in the same mar-

ket

• The neutral host configuration, which is described here

The term “neutral host” refers to the fact that the system supports multiple wireless
Operators and that the equipment typically is owned by a third-party company.

Neutral host systems are deployed in situations such as the following:

• Public microcellular applications such as airport terminals, subways/train stations,

and similar public buildings usually require that the in-building RF distribution
system infrastructure be capable of supporting any current frequency band and
protocol, including paging and messaging, and that it be future-proof.

• It is common for the same service provider to be licensed to operate in multiple

bands in the same geographical area. For example, some Asian and European ser­vice providers have licenses in both 900 MHz and 1800 MHz bands. Some North
American service providers operate in both 800 MHz and 1900 MHz bands.

• A building owner will often allow service providers to provide wireless service in

their building only if they cooperate and share the infrastructure equipment and
distribution system. Delays in service implementation and loss of revenue occur
when the competing service providers do not agree on how to share the equipment
and installation costs.

Additional distribution cabling infrastructure, beyond initial requirements, often is
installed to accommodate adding Operators or services or to enhance capacity by sec­torizing the distribution equipment at a later time.

2-8 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40

620004-0 Rev. E

Figure 2-6 Example Neutral Host Application

Fiber Optic Cable:
Installed now,
used now

Cat-5 Cable:
Installed now,
used now

System Operation

LGCell Main Hub

Operator 1

LGCell Main Hub

Op. 1 and/or Op. 2

Fiber Optic Cable:
Installed now,
used later

Future LGCell Equipment

LGCell Expansion Hub

Operator 1

(Operator 2 in the future)

Cat-5 Cable:
Installed now,
used later

LGCell Expansion Hub

Op. 1 and/or Op. 2

Future LGCell Equipment

RAU

RAU

RAU

Neutral host systems are deployed as shared or dedicated systems.

• Shared System: Multiple wireless Operators use the same set of LGCell hard­ware to distribute RF signals.

• Dedicated System: Each Operator uses an independent LGCell system.

In order to simplify coverage planning and minimize installation costs, the equipment
is “clustered” and installed in groups. The number of Hubs and RAUs required for a
system is determined by their ability to be shared.

The configuration shown in Figure 2-7 supports up to 7 Operator bands.

PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-9

620004-0 Rev. E

LGCell 4.0 System Description

Figure 2-7 LGCell Neutral Host Configuration

Main Hub Cluster

Main Hub

800 MHz iDEN

Main Hub

1900 MHz A and D

Main Hub

1900 MHz B and E

Main Hub

800 MHz A and B

Expansion Hub

Clusters 2 and 3

RAU

Clusters B and C

Expansion Hub

Optical Fiber

Expansion Hub

Cluster 4

Cluster 1

Expansion Hub
800 MHz iDEN

Expansion Hub

1900 MHz A and D

Expansion Hub

1900 MHz B and E

Expansion Hub

800 MHz A and B

Cat-5

RAU

Clusters D

iDEN

RAU

A/D

RAU

B/E

RAU

RAU

Cluster A

A/B

RAU

Refer to the Neutral Host Planning Guide (PN 9000-10) for more information about
this type of configuration.

2-10 LGCell 4.0 Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8100-40

620004-0 Rev. E

2.3 System Bandwidths

2.3.1 800 MHz and 900 MHz Systems

The 800 MHz and 900 MHz LGCell systems have fixed bandwidths of operation, as
shown in the following table.

Tab le 2-1 Bandwidths: 800 and 900 MHz

System Bandwidths

LGCell System

800 MHz Cellular

System
Bandwidth
(MHz)

a

25 824–849 869–894

Uplink
Freq. Range
(MHz)

Downlink
Freq. Range
(MHz)

800 MHz iDEN 18 806–824 851–869

900 MHz GSM

a

25 890–915 935–960

900 MHz EGSM 35 880–915 925–960

a. The 800 MHz CDMA/900 MHz GSM dual-band LGCell is composed of two single-band LGCells

(one 800 MHz Cellular and one 900 MHz GSM) and supports the following frequency bands:
800 MHz CDMA

Downlink: 870 to 880 MHz
Uplink: 825 to 835 MHz
Bandwidth: 10 MHz

900 MHz GSM:

Downlink: 954 to 960 MHz
Uplink: 909 to 915 MHz
Bandwidth: 6 MHz

PN 8100-40 Help Hot Line (U.S. only): 1-800-530-9960 2-11

620004-0 Rev. E