.
Serial Attached SCSI RAID
Controllers Installation
and User's Guide
CDP-00277-02-A Rev. A
Issue: December 4, 2012
Serial Attached SCSI RAID Controllers Installation and User's Guide
Copyright © PMC-Sierra, Inc. All rights reserved.
The information in this document is proprietary and condential to
PMC-Sierra, Inc. In any event, no part of this document may be reproduced
or redistributed in any form without the express written consent of
PMC-Sierra, Inc.
CDP-00277-02-A Rev. A, IssueNumber
None of the information contained in this document constitutes an express
or implied warranty by PMC-Sierra, Inc. as to the sufciency, tness or
suitability for a particular purpose of any such information or the tness, or
suitability for a particularpurpose,merchantability, performance, compatibility
with other parts or systems, of anyof theproducts of PMC-Sierra, Inc., or any
portion thereof, referred to in this document. PMC-Sierra, Inc. expressly
disclaims all representations and warranties ofanykind regarding thecontents
or use of the information, including, but not limited to, express and implied
warranties of accuracy, completeness, merchantability, tnessfora particular
use, or non-infringement.
In no event will PMC-Sierra, Inc. be liable for any direct, indirect, special,
incidental orconsequentialdamages, including, butnot limited to, lost prots,
lost business or lost data resulting from any use of or reliance upon the
information, whether or not PMC-Sierra, Inc. has been advised of the
possibility of such damage.
For a complete list of PMC-Sierra’s trademarks and registered trademarks,
visit: http://www.pmc-sierra.com/legal/.
Other productand companynames mentioned herein maybe the trademarks
of their respective owners.
Document No.: CDP-00277-02-A Rev. A, Issue:
2Proprietary and Condential to PMC-Sierra, Inc.
Revision History
1.1
2012
Serial Attached SCSI RAID Controllers Installation and User's Guide
Details of ChangeIssue DateIssue
Adaptec Firmware/BIOS/Drivers/Utilities Version 1.1December 4,
Document No.: CDP-00277-02-A Rev. A, Issue:
3Proprietary and Condential to PMC-Sierra, Inc.
Serial Attached SCSI RAID Controllers Installation and User's Guide
Contents
Adaptec by PMC Product Support..............................................................................................................................8
Limited 3-Year Hardware Warranty..........................................................................................................................10
Regulatory Compliance Statements..........................................................................................................................11
1 About This Guide..................................................................................................................................................14
What You Need to Know Before You Begin..................................................................................................14
Terminology Used in this Guide...................................................................................................................14
How to Find More Information....................................................................................................................14
2 Kit Contents and System Requirements................................................................................................................16
Kit Contents..................................................................................................................................................16
System Requirements ..................................................................................................................................16
3 About Your RAID Controller..................................................................................................................................17
Standard RAID Controller Features..............................................................................................................17
Array-level Features.........................................................................................................................17
Advanced Data Protection Suite......................................................................................................17
Adding a Flash Backup Module....................................................................................................................18
Upgrading the Controller Firmware.............................................................................................................18
About the Adaptec RAID 6405.....................................................................................................................19
About the Adaptec RAID 6445.....................................................................................................................20
About the Adaptec RAID 6805/6805Q.........................................................................................................21
About the Adaptec RAID 6405E...................................................................................................................22
About the Adaptec RAID 6805E/6805E R5...................................................................................................23
About the Adaptec RAID 6405T...................................................................................................................24
About the Adaptec RAID 6805T/6805TQ......................................................................................................25
About the Adaptec RAID 7805/7805Q.........................................................................................................26
About the Adaptec RAID 71605/71605Q.....................................................................................................27
About the Adaptec RAID 71605E.................................................................................................................28
About the Adaptec RAID 71685...................................................................................................................29
About the Adaptec RAID 72405...................................................................................................................30
4 Getting Started......................................................................................................................................................31
Choosing a RAID Level..................................................................................................................................31
Selecting Disk Drives and Cables .................................................................................................................31
Disk Drives.......................................................................................................................................31
Cables..............................................................................................................................................31
Replacing the Full-Height Bracket with a Low-Prole Bracket.....................................................................33
Installation Options......................................................................................................................................34
Basic Installation Steps.................................................................................................................................34
Installing with an Operating System................................................................................................35
Installing on an Existing Operating System......................................................................................35
5 Installing the Controller and Disk Drives...............................................................................................................36
Before You Begin..........................................................................................................................................36
Installing the Controller................................................................................................................................36
Installing a RAID Controller without Zero Maintenance Cache Protection......................................36
Installing a RAID Controller with Zero Maintenance Cache Protection ..........................................37
Connecting Disk Drives to Your Controllers..................................................................................................41
Connecting Drives Directly to the Controller...................................................................................41
Connecting Drives to a System Backplane.......................................................................................41
Connecting Solid State Drives (SSDs) ..............................................................................................41
Connecting External Devices .......................................................................................................................42
Next Steps....................................................................................................................................................43
6 Creating a Bootable Array ....................................................................................................................................44
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Serial Attached SCSI RAID Controllers Installation and User's Guide
Setting the Boot Controller..........................................................................................................................44
Creating an Array..........................................................................................................................................44
Creating an Array with the ARC Utility.............................................................................................44
Creating an Array with maxView Storage Manager.........................................................................45
Making Your Array Bootable........................................................................................................................47
7 Installing the Driver and an Operating System .....................................................................................................48
Before You Begin..........................................................................................................................................48
Creating a Driver Disk...................................................................................................................................48
Creating a Driver Disk for Debian Linux or Ubuntu Linux ...............................................................49
Creating a Driver Disk for VMware ESX 4.1 .....................................................................................49
Installing with Windows ..............................................................................................................................50
Installing with Red Hat Linux 5 or Cent OS 5 ...............................................................................................50
Installing with Red Hat Linux 6, Cent OS 6, or Fedora Linux ........................................................................50
Red Hat Linux 6, Cent OS 6 with Dynamic Kernel Module Support ................................................50
Red Hat Linux 6, Cent OS 6, Fedora Linux without Dynamic Kernel Module Support ....................51
Installing with SuSE Linux Enterprise Server ...............................................................................................52
Installing with Debian Linux.........................................................................................................................52
Installing with Ubuntu Linux........................................................................................................................53
Installing with Solaris...................................................................................................................................54
Installing with FreeBSD ................................................................................................................................55
Installing with VMware ESX 4.1 ...................................................................................................................55
Installing with VMware ESXi 5.x ..................................................................................................................56
8 Installing the Driver on an Existing Operating System .........................................................................................59
Before You Begin..........................................................................................................................................59
Creating a Driver Disk...................................................................................................................................59
Installing on Windows .................................................................................................................................59
Installing on Red Hat, Cent OS, SuSE, or Fedora Linux.................................................................................60
Installing on Debian Linux............................................................................................................................60
Installing on Ubuntu Linux...........................................................................................................................60
Installing on Solaris .....................................................................................................................................61
Installing on FreeBSD ...................................................................................................................................61
Installing on VMware...................................................................................................................................62
9 Managing Your Storage Space..............................................................................................................................64
About maxView Storage Manager...............................................................................................................64
Installing maxView Storage Manager..............................................................................................64
About the Adaptec RAID Controller Conguration Utility............................................................................64
About the Adaptec RAID Conguration Utility.............................................................................................64
About the Adaptec Flash Utility...................................................................................................................65
Which Utility Should I Use?..........................................................................................................................65
10 Solving Problems ................................................................................................................................................66
Troubleshooting Checklist............................................................................................................................66
Monitoring Disk Drives Status......................................................................................................................66
Silencing the Alarm .....................................................................................................................................66
Recovering from a Disk Drive Failure ...........................................................................................................66
Failed Disk Drive Protected by a Hot Spare .....................................................................................67
Failed Disk Drive Not Protected by a Hot Spare ..............................................................................67
Failure in Multiple Arrays Simultaneously ......................................................................................67
Disk Drive Failure in a RAID 0 Array ................................................................................................67
Multiple Failures in the Same Array ................................................................................................67
Failed SSD in maxCache Container..................................................................................................68
Resetting the Controller ..............................................................................................................................68
Appendix A Introduction to SAS...............................................................................................................................69
Terminology Used in This Appendix ............................................................................................................69
What is SAS?.................................................................................................................................................69
How Do SAS Devices Communicate?...........................................................................................................69
What’s a Phy?...............................................................................................................................................70
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Serial Attached SCSI RAID Controllers Installation and User's Guide
What’s a SAS Port?.......................................................................................................................................70
What’s a SAS Address?.................................................................................................................................70
What’s a SAS Connector?.............................................................................................................................71
What do SAS Cables Look Like?....................................................................................................................71
How are Disk Drives Identied in SAS? ........................................................................................................71
What are the SAS Connection Options?.......................................................................................................71
Direct-attach Connections...............................................................................................................71
Backplane Connections...................................................................................................................72
SAS Expander Connections..............................................................................................................72
How is SAS Different from Parallel SCSI? .....................................................................................................73
Appendix B Understanding RAID.............................................................................................................................74
Understanding Drive Segments....................................................................................................................74
Non-redundant Arrays (RAID 0)...................................................................................................................74
RAID 1 Arrays ...............................................................................................................................................75
RAID 1 Enhanced Arrays...............................................................................................................................75
RAID 10 Arrays..............................................................................................................................................76
RAID 5 Arrays................................................................................................................................................77
RAID 5EE Arrays............................................................................................................................................78
RAID 50 Arrays..............................................................................................................................................79
RAID 6 Arrays................................................................................................................................................80
RAID 60 Arrays..............................................................................................................................................80
Comparing RAID Levels................................................................................................................................81
Appendix C Using the Adaptec RAID Conguration Utility......................................................................................82
Introduction to the ARC Utility.....................................................................................................................82
Ctrl-A or uEFI/HII? ...........................................................................................................................82
Running the ARC Utility...................................................................................................................82
Using the ARC Utility to Create and Manage Arrays....................................................................................83
Creating a New Array.......................................................................................................................83
Managing Existing Arrays.................................................................................................................83
Creating Bootable Arrays....................................................................................................83
Modifying Power Management Settings.............................................................................84
Modifying Cache Settings....................................................................................................84
Initializing Disk Drives......................................................................................................................85
Rescanning Disk Drives....................................................................................................................85
Secure Erasing Disk Drives...............................................................................................................85
Stopping a Secure Erase......................................................................................................85
Uninitializing Disk Drives.................................................................................................................85
Managing Global Hot Spares...........................................................................................................85
Creating and Managing JBODs.........................................................................................................86
Creating a New JBOD..........................................................................................................86
Managing Existing JBODs....................................................................................................86
Converting a JBOD Into a Simple Volume............................................................................86
Managing the maxCache Pool.........................................................................................................86
Using the ARC Utility to Modify Controller Settings.....................................................................................87
Opening the Controller Settings Tool ..............................................................................................87
Applying Changes and Exiting..........................................................................................................87
Modifying Your Controller’s Conguration......................................................................................87
General Controller Settings ................................................................................................87
Power Management Settings..............................................................................................89
Checking Backup Unit Status...........................................................................................................89
Formatting and Verifying Disk Drives...........................................................................................................89
Locating Disk Drives.....................................................................................................................................89
Identifying Disk Drives .................................................................................................................................90
Viewing the Event Log .................................................................................................................................90
Appendix D Using the Adaptec Flash Utility............................................................................................................91
System Requirements..................................................................................................................................91
Compatibility Notes.........................................................................................................................91
Before You Begin..........................................................................................................................................91
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Serial Attached SCSI RAID Controllers Installation and User's Guide
Obtaining the Firmware...................................................................................................................91
Creating the Firmware Update Disk ................................................................................................91
Running the Menu-based AFU.....................................................................................................................92
Running the AFU from the Command Line..................................................................................................92
AFU Commands...............................................................................................................................92
List.......................................................................................................................................93
Save.....................................................................................................................................93
Update.................................................................................................................................93
Verify...................................................................................................................................94
Version................................................................................................................................94
Help.....................................................................................................................................94
Updating the Flash Using the AFU Command Line......................................................................................95
Appendix E Controller LED, I2C, and Alarm Connector Quick Reference.................................................................96
Adaptec RAID 6405/6445 LED and I2C Connector Specication..................................................................96
Adaptec RAID 6805/6805Q LED and I2C Connector Specication...............................................................97
Adaptec RAID 6405E LED Connector Specication......................................................................................98
Adaptec RAID 6805E/6805E R5 LED Connector Specication......................................................................99
Adaptec RAID 6405T LED Connector Specication....................................................................................100
Adaptec RAID 6805T/6805TQ LED Connector Specication.......................................................................101
Adaptec RAID 7805/7805Q/71605/71605Q/71605E Alarm Connector Specication...............................102
Adaptec RAID 71685/72405 Alarm Connector Specication.....................................................................102
Appendix F Safety Information..............................................................................................................................104
Electrostatic Discharge (ESD).....................................................................................................................104
Appendix G Technical Specications......................................................................................................................105
Environmental Specications.....................................................................................................................105
DC Power Requirements............................................................................................................................105
Current Requirements ...............................................................................................................................105
Document No.: CDP-00277-02-A Rev. A, Issue:
7Proprietary and Condential to PMC-Sierra, Inc.
Serial Attached SCSI RAID Controllers Installation and User's Guide
Adaptec by PMC Product Support
If you have questions about installing or using your Adaptec by PMC product, check this document
rst—you will nd answers to most of your questions. If you need further assistance, use the support
options listed below. To expedite your service, have your computer in front of you.
Note: The phone numbers below are subject to change. Please visit the Support
section of www.adaptec.com for the most up to date contact information.
Technical Support Identication (TSID) Number
• Before contacting Technical Support, you need your product unique TSID number. The TSID number
identies your product and support status.
• The TSID number is included on a white, bar-coded label, like this example:
• It's recommended that you register your product so that you have easy access to your TSID when
contacting product support.
Self Help and Support in English
• Visit our Web site at www.adaptec.com.
• Search the Adaptec Support Knowledgebase (ASK) at ask.adaptec.com for articles, troubleshooting
tips, and frequently asked questions for your product.
• For support via e-mail, submit your question at ask.adaptec.com.
• To speak with a Technical Support Specialist, call +1 408 934 7274 or +49 89 4366 5544 or +44 845
266 8773.
Technische Informationen und Support in Deutsch
• Besuchen Sie unsere Webseite www.adaptec.com/de-de
• Suchen Sie in der Adaptec Support Knowledgebase (ASK) unter ask-de.adaptec.com nach Artikeln,
Tipps zur Fehlerbehebung und häug gestellten Fragen zu Ihrem Produkt.
• Support per Email erhalten Sie unter ask-de.adaptec.com.
• Für telefonischen Support wählen Sie +49 89 4366 5522.
Техническая поддержка и информация на русском языке
• Посещаете наш сайт www.adaptec.com/ru-ru/.
• База знаний Adaptec (ASK) на сайте ask-ru.adaptec.com ask-ru.adaptec.com – статьи, советы по
устранению неисправностей и часто задаваемые вопросы о Вашем продукте.
• Для поддержки по электронной почте отправьте Ваш запрос на сайте ask-ru.adaptec.com
• Чтобы обратиться к специалисту технической поддержки по телефону, звоните на +7 499 918
7200 или +49 89 4366 5555.
日本語での技術情報とサポート
• 弊社のウェブサイト、www.adaptec.com/ja-jp をご覧ください。
• ask.adaptec.co.jp のAdaptec Support Knowledgebase (ASK)で、お使いの製品の情報 トラブル
シューティングのヒント、よくある質問を検索してください。
• Eメールでのサポートには ask.adaptec.co.jp から質問を送ってください。
Document No.: CDP-00277-02-A Rev. A, Issue:
8Proprietary and Condential to PMC-Sierra, Inc.
Serial Attached SCSI RAID Controllers Installation and User's Guide
Information Technique et d'assistance en Français
• Visitez notre site Web à l'adresse www.adaptec.com/fr-fr.
• Rechercher dans le base de connaissances Adaptec (ASK) ask-fr.adaptec.com pour des articles,
conseils de dépannage et les questions fréquemment posées pour votre produit.
Document No.: CDP-00277-02-A Rev. A, Issue:
9Proprietary and Condential to PMC-Sierra, Inc.
Serial Attached SCSI RAID Controllers Installation and User's Guide
Limited 3-Year Hardware Warranty
1. PMC-Sierra, Inc. (“PMC-Sierra”) warrants to the purchaser of this product that it will be free from
defects in material and workmanship for a period of three (3) years from the date of purchase. If
the product should become defective within the warranty period, PMC-Sierra, at its option, will
repair or replace the product, or refund the purchaser's purchase price for the product, provided it
is delivered at the purchaser's expense to an authorized PMC-Sierra service facility or to PMC-Sierra.
2. Repair or replacement parts or products will be furnished on an exchange basis and will either be
new or reconditioned and will be subject to original warranty term. All replaced parts or products
shall become the property of PMC-Sierra. This warranty shall not apply if the product has been
damaged by accident, misuse, abuse or as a result of unauthorized service or parts.
3. Warranty service is available to the purchaser by delivering the product during the warranty period
to an authorized PMC-Sierra service facility or to PMC-Sierra and providing proof of purchase price
and date. The purchaser shall bear all shipping, packing, and insurance costs and all other costs,
excluding labor and parts, necessaryto effectuate repair, replacement or refund under this warranty.
4. For more information on how to obtain warranty service, write or telephone:
• Americas PMC-Sierra, Inc. at 1380 Bordeaux Drive Sunnyvale, CA 94089 USA, +1 408 934-7274
• EMEA PMC-Sierra, at Lise-Meitner-Strasse 7, 85737 Ismaning, Germany, +49 89 43665544
• Asia Pacic PMC-Sierra, at PO Box 110, Peakhurst NSW 2210, Australia, +61 2 8212-5531
• Japan PMC-Sierra, at Tokumasu-Building 4F, 5-5-5, Higashinakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164-0003,
Japan, 03-3367-3970 (fax).
5. THIS LIMITED WARRANTY DOES NOT EXTEND TO ANY PRODUCT WHICH HAS BEEN DAMAGED AS A
RESULT OF ACCIDENT, MISUSE, ABUSE, OR AS A RESULT OF UNAUTHORIZED SERVICE OR PARTS.
6. THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER EXPRESS WARRANTIES WHICH NOW OR HEREAFTERMIGHT
OTHERWISE ARISE RESPECT TO THIS PRODUCT. IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING THOSE OF
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT SHALL (A)
HAVE NO GREATER DURATION THAN 3 YEARS FROM THE DATE OF PURCHASE, (B) TERMINATE
AUTOMATICALLY AT THE EXPIRATION OF SUCH PERIOD AND (C) TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW
BE EXCLUDED. IN THE EVENT THIS PRODUCT BECOMES DEFECTIVE DURING THE WARRANTY PERIOD,
THE PURCHASER'S EXCLUSIVE REMEDY SHALL BE REPAIR, REPLACEMENT OR REFUND AS PROVIDED
ABOVE. INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION LOSS OF
DATA, ARISINGFROM BREACH OF ANY EXPRESS ORIMPLIED WARRANTY ARE NOTTHE RESPONSIBILITY
OF PMC-SIERRA AND, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED BOTH FOR
PROPERTY DAMAGE, ANDTO THE EXTENTNOT UNCONSCIONABLE, FOR PERSONAL INJURY DAMAGE.
7. WITHIN THE US, SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF INCIDENTAL OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES FOR CONSUMER PRODUCTS, AND SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW
LIMITATIONS ON HOW LONG AN IMPLIED WARRANTY LASTS, SO THE ABOVE LIMITATION OR
EXCLUSIONS MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.
8. THIS WARRANTY GIVES YOU SPECIFIC LEGAL RIGHTS, AND YOU MAY ALSO HAVE OTHER RIGHTS
WHICH VARY DEPENDING ON WHERE YOU RESIDE.
9. FOR AUSTRALIA RESIDENTS, IF THE PRODUCT SHOULD BECOME DEFECTIVE WITHIN THE WARRANTY
PERIOD, PMC-SIERRA, AT ITS OPTION, WILL REPAIR OR REPLACE THE PRODUCT, OR REFUND THE
PURCHASER'S PURCHASE FOR THE PRODUCT, PROVIDED IT IS DELIVERED AT THE PURCHASER'S
EXPENSE BACK TO THE PLACE OF PURCHASE AFTER PMC-SIERRA TECHNICAL SUPPORT HAS ISSUED
AN INCIDENT NUMBER. IN ADDITION TO THE WARRANTIES SET FORTH HEREIN, OUR GOODS COME
WITH GUARANTEES THAT CANNOT BE EXCLUDED UNDER THE AUSTRALIAN CONSUMER LAW. YOU
ARE ENTITLED TO A REPLACEMENT OR REFUND FOR A MAJOR FAILURE AND FOR COMPENSATION
FOR ANY OTHER REASONABLY FORESEEABLE LOSS OR DAMAGE. YOU ARE ALSO ENTITLED TO HAVE
THE GOODS REPAIRED OR REPLACED IF THE GOODS FAIL TO BE OF ACCEPTABLE QUALITY AND THE
FAILURE DOES NOT AMOUNT TO A MAJOR FAILURE.
Document No.: CDP-00277-02-A Rev. A, Issue:
10Proprietary and Condential to PMC-Sierra, Inc.
Serial Attached SCSI RAID Controllers Installation and User's Guide
Regulatory Compliance Statements
Federal Communications Commission Radio Frequency Interference Statement
Attention: Changes or modications to this unit not expressly approved by the party
responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant
to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful
interferencein a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency
energy, and if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful
interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur
in a particular installation. However, if this equipment does cause interference to radio or television
equipment reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is
encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
• Increase the separation between equipment and receiver.
• Connect the equipment to an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver isconnected.
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/television technician for help.
• Use a shielded and properly grounded I/O cable and power cable to ensure compliance of this unit
to the specied limits of the rules.
This device complies with part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
(1) this device may not cause harmful interference and (2) this device must accept any interference
received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
UL Compliance Statement
Adaptec by PMC products are tested and listed by Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. to UL 60950
-1 Second Edition and IEC-60950-1 Second Edition standards, le numbers E175975. Adaptec
by PMC products are for use only with UL listed ITE.
Use only with the listed ITE:PMC-Sierra, Inc.
ASR-6405/ASR-6445/ASR-6805/
ASR-6405E/ASR-6805E/ASR-6805E R5/ASR-6805Q/
ASR-6405T/ASR-6805T/ASR-6805TQ/
ASR-7805/ASR-7805Q/ASR-71605/
ASR-71605E/ASR-71605Q/ASR-71685/
ASR-72405/AFM 700
Document No.: CDP-00277-02-A Rev. A, Issue:
11Proprietary and Condential to PMC-Sierra, Inc.
European Union Compliance Statement
This Information Technology Equipment has been tested and found to comply with EMC
Directive 89/336/EEC, as amended by 92/31/EEC and 93/68/EEC, in accordance with:
• EN55022 (1998+A1:2000+A2:2007) Emissions
∘ Class B ITE radiated and conducted emissions
• EN55024 (1998+A1:2001+A2:2010) Immunity:
∘ EN61000-4-2 (2009) Electrostatic discharge: ±4 kV contact, ±8 kV air
∘ EN61000-4-3 (2010) Radiated immunity: 3V/m
∘ EN61000-4-4 (2004) Electrical fast transients/burst: ±1 kV AC, ±0.5 kV I/O
∘ EN61000-4-5 (2006) Surges: ±1 kV differential mode, ±2 kV common mode
∘ EN61000-4-6 (2009) Conducted immunity: 3 V
∘ EN61000-4-11 (2004) Supply dips and variations: 30% and 100%
In addition, all equipment requiring U.L. listing has been found to comply with EMC Directive 73/23/EEC
as amended by 93/68/EEC in accordance with EN60950 with amendments A1, A2, A3, A4, A11.
Australian/New Zealand Compliance Statement
This device has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device,
pursuant to the Australian/New Zealand standard AS/NZS 3548 set out by the Spectrum
Management Agency.
Serial Attached SCSI RAID Controllers Installation and User's Guide
Canadian Compliance Statement
This Class B digital apparatus meets all requirements of the Canadian Interference-Causing
Equipment Regulations.
Cet appareilnumérique de la classe B respecte toutes lesexigences du Règlement sur le matérielbrouilleur
du Canada.
Japanese Compliance (Voluntary Control Council Initiative)
This equipmentcomplies to class B Information Technology equipment based on VCCI (Voluntary
Control Council for Interface). This equipment is designed for home use but it may causes radio
frequency interference problem if used too near to a television or radio. Please handle it
correctly per this documentation.
Korean Compliance (KCC) Statement
Adaptec by PMC products are tested and certied by KCC:
KCC-REM-KHK-ASR-6xx5
KCC-REM-KHK-ASR-7xxx5
The above certication covers the following series:
ASR-6805, ASR-6445, ASR-6405
ASR-6805E, ASR-6405E, ASR-6805Q
ASR-6805T, ASR-6405T, ASR-6805TQ
ASR-7805, ASR-7805Q, ASR-71605
ASR-71605E, ASR-71605Q
ASR-71685, ASR-72405
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12Proprietary and Condential to PMC-Sierra, Inc.
Serial Attached SCSI RAID Controllers Installation and User's Guide
This equipment is home use (Class B) electromagnetic wave suitability equipment and to be used mainly
at home and it can be used in all areas.
Document No.: CDP-00277-02-A Rev. A, Issue:
13Proprietary and Condential to PMC-Sierra, Inc.
1 About This Guide
This Installation and User's Guide explains how to install your Adaptec® by PMC™ RAID controller. It
also describes the utilities included in your controller kit, and provides a basic overview of Serial Attached
SCSI (SAS) and Redundant Array of Independent Disk (RAID) technology.
These Adaptec Serial Attached SCSI RAID (ASR) controller models are described in this guide:
• ASR-6405, ASR-6405E, ASR-6405T
• ASR-6445
• ASR-6805, ASR-6805Q, ASR-6805E, ASR-6805E R5, ASR-6805T, ASR-6805TQ
• ASR-7805, ASR-7805Q
• ASR-71605, ASR-71605E, ASR-71605Q
• ASR-71685
• ASR-72405
What You Need to Know Before You Begin
You should be familiar with computer hardware, data storage, RAID technology, and SAS and Serial ATA
(SATA) technology. (For more information about SAS technology, see Introduction to SAS on page 69.)
You should also be familiar with direct-attached storage (DAS) concepts and technology.
Note: Because this guide covers multiple Adaptec RAID products, some of the features
and functions described may not be availablefor your controller. Formore information,
see About Your RAID Controller on page 17.
Serial Attached SCSI RAID Controllers Installation and User's Guide
Terminology Used in this Guide
Because you can use your Adaptec RAID controller to manage data storage in a variety of congurations,
the generic term “storage space” is used to refer to controller(s) and disk drives being managed with
Adaptec maxView Storage Manager™ (called simply maxView Storage Manager in the remainder of this
guide) or the other utilities described in this guide.
Many of the terms and concepts referred to in this guide are known to computer users by multiple
names. This guide uses these terms:
• Controller (also known as adapter, board, or card)
• Disk drive (also known as hard disk, hard drive, or hard disk drive)
• Solid State Drive (also known as SSD or non-rotating storage media)
• Enclosure (also known as a RAID enclosure, storage enclosure, or disk drive enclosure)
• Array (also known as a container, logical device, or logical drive)
Note: maxView Storage Manager refers to arrays as logical drives. Your RAID
controller creates arrays, which your operating system (and maxView Storage
Manager) recognizes as logical drives. For more information, refer to the maxView
Storage Manager User’s Guide on the Adaptec Installation DVD.
How to Find More Information
You can nd moreinformation about your Adaptec RAID controller and the software and utilities included
with it by referring to these documents:
• Readme.txt—Includes updated product information and known issues; located on the Adaptec
Installation DVD.
• maxView Storage Manager User’s Guide—Describes how to install and use the maxView Storage
Manager software (seeAbout maxView Storage Manager on page 64) to manage your directattached
storage; located on the Adaptec Installation DVD.
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Serial Attached SCSI RAID Controllers Installation and User's Guide
• maxView Storage Manager Online Help—Describes how to use the maxView Storage Manager
software; accessible from the main window of maxView Storage Manager.
• Adaptec RAID Controller Command Line Utility User’s Guide—Describes how to use the included
Adaptec RAID Controller Conguration (ARCCONF) command line utility (see About the Adaptec
RAID Controller Conguration Utility on page 64) to perform basic array and conguration
management functions; located on the Adaptec Installation DVD.
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Serial Attached SCSI RAID Controllers Installation and User's Guide
2 Kit Contents and System Requirements
This chapter lists the contents of your Adaptec RAID controller kit and the system requirements that
must be met for you to successfully install and use your controller.
Kit Contents
• Adaptec RAID controller
• Adaptec Installation DVD(bootable), including controllerdrivers, Adaptec maxViewStorage Manager,
ARCCONF command line utility, and documentation
• Cables (Not included in Adaptec 'Single' product. If your kit includes cables, the type and quantity
vary—for more information, see Cables on page 31.)
• (Select models only) Low-prole bracket
• Adaptec Serial Attached SCSI RAID Controllers Quick Start Guide (on the installation DVD)
System Requirements
• PC-compatible computer with Intel Pentium, or equivalent, processor
• Motherboard with these features:
∘ Support for multi-function devices where one of the devices is a PCI bridge
∘ Large memory-mapped address ranges
Refer to the Readme le on the Adaptec Installation DVD for additional motherboard compatibility
information.
• One of these operating systems:
Note: For up-to-date operating system version support check the readme on the
Adaptec Installation DVD or visit the Adaptec Web Site at www.adaptec.com. To
download Linux driver sources, visit the Support area of the Adaptec Web site at
www.adaptec.com/en-us/support.
∘ Microsoft® Windows® Server 2012 (32-bit and 64-bit), Windows Server 2008 (32-bit and 64-bit),
Windows Server 2008 R2 (64-bit), Windows SBS 2011, Windows Storage Server 2008 R2,Windows
Storage Server 2011, Windows 7 and Windows 8 (32-bit and 64-bit)
∘ Red Hat® Enterprise Linux 6.2, 5.8 (32-bit and 64-bit)
∘ SuSE Linux Enterprise Server 11, 10 (32-bit and 64-bit)
∘ FreeBSD 9, 8.2
∘ Debian Linux 6 (32-bit and 64-bit)
∘ Ubuntu Linux 12, 11, 10 (32-bit and 64-bit)
∘ Fedora Linux 16, 15, 14 (32-bit and 64-bit)
∘ CentOS 6.2, 5.8
∘ Solaris 10, Solaris 11 Express
∘ VMware ESXi 5.1, VMware ESX 4.1 Classic
• 2 GB of RAM minimum
• Available compatible PCIe slot (depending on your controller model—see the descriptions in About
Your RAID Controller on page 17)
• 350 MB of free disk drive space
• 16-bit SVGA color monitor with a resolution of at least 800 x 600
• DVD-ROM drive
• USB ash drive or CD burner, for creating driver disks and bootable media
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3 About Your RAID Controller
This chapter provides an overview of the features of your Adaptec RAID controller.
Standard RAID Controller Features
• Support for SAS disk drives, SATA/SATA II disk drives, and SATA and SAS Solid State Drives (SSDs)
• Flash ROM for updates to controller rmware, BIOS, and the Adaptec RAID Conguration utility
• Disk drive hot-swapping
• Event logging and broadcasting, including email notication messages
• Multiple options for creating and managing RAID arrays—A browser-based software application
(maxView Storage Manager), a BIOS-based utility (ARC), a command line utility (ARCCONF) (see
Managing Your Storage Space on page 64)
• Native command queuing (NCQ), which lets disk drives arrange commands into the most efcient
order for optimum performance
• Support for disk drive enclosures with SES2 enclosure management hardware
• Support for a ash backup module (see Adding a Flash Backup Module on page 18)
• Support for Adaptec maxCache™ SSD read and write caching (see Modifying Cache Settings on page
84)
Note: Adaptec maxCache is supported on Adaptec Series Q controllers only.
Serial Attached SCSI RAID Controllers Installation and User's Guide
• Power-management of disk drives in your storage space to reduce cooling and electricity costs (see
Modifying Power Management Settings on page 84)
• Audible alarm
• I/O statistics logging
Array-level Features
Note: Not all features are supported by all controllers. For more information, see the
maxView Storage Manager User's Guide.
• Support for RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 5, RAID 10, RAID 50, and simple volumes
• Support for hybrid RAID 1 and RAID 10 arrays comprised of hard drives and Solid State Drives (SSDs)
• (Adaptec Series 6 Controllers Only) Support for JBOD disks (appear as a physical disk drives to the
operating system; not redundant)
• Support for hot spares (global and dedicated)
• Support for automatic failover, so arrays are automatically rebuilt when a failed drive is replaced
(applies to redundant arrays in SES2- or SAF-TE-enabled disk drive enclosures only)
• Optimized disk utilization, which ensures that the full capacity of all disk drives can be used, even if
the disk drives vary in size
• Online capacity expansion, so you can increase the capacity of an array without recreating it
• Support for array migration from one RAID level to another
Advanced Data Protection Suite
• Copyback Hot Spare—You can use this feature to move data from a hot spare back to its original
location after a failed disk drive is replaced.
• Striped Mirror (RAID 1E)—A RAID 1 Enhanced array is similar to a RAID 1 array except that data is
both mirrored and striped, and more disk drives can be included.
• (Adaptec Series 6 Controllers Only) Hot Space (RAID 5EE)—A RAID 5EE array is similar to a RAID 5
array except that itincludes a distributedspare and mustbe built from a minimumof four diskdrives.
• Dual Drive Failure Protection (RAID 6)—A RAID 6 array is similar to a RAID 5 array except that it
includes two independent sets of parity data instead of one.
• Dual Drive Failure Protection (RAID 60)—A RAID 60 array is similar to a RAID 50 array except that it
includes four independent sets of parity data instead of two.
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Adding a Flash Backup Module
This table shows the ash backup module (or “zero maintenance cache protection”) supported by your
Adaptec RAID controller. To purchase a ash backup module, refer to the Adaptec Web site at
www.adaptec.com.
Flash ModuleRAID Controller
Adaptec RAID 6805/Adaptec RAID 6445/Adaptec RAID 6405/Adaptec
RAID 6805T/Adaptec RAID 6405T
Adaptec RAID 6805Q/Adaptec RAID 6805TQ
Adaptec RAID 7805/Adaptec RAID 71605/Adaptec RAID 71685/
Adaptec RAID 72405
Adaptec Flash Backup Module AFM-60
0 with Supercapacitor Card (optional)
Adaptec Flash Backup Module AFM-60
0 (pre-installed) with Supercapacitor
Card
Adaptec Flash Backup Module AFM700 with Supercapacitor Card
(optional)
Adaptec RAID 7805Q/Adaptec RAID 71605Q
Adaptec Flash Backup Module AFM700 with Supercapacitor Card (preinstalled)
Upgrading the Controller Firmware
To upgrade the rmware on your Adaptec RAID controller, follow the instructions in Using the Adaptec
Flash Utility on page 91. You can also use maxView Storage Manager or the ARCCONF command-line
utility to upgrade your controller rmware. Refer to the maxView Storage Manager User’s Guide and
the Adaptec Command Line Interface User’s Guide.
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About the Adaptec RAID 6405
The Adaptec RAID 6405 is a SAS RAID controller with these features:
Module
Low-prole MD2Form Factor
PCIe Gen2Bus compatibility
x8PCIe bus width
6 Gb/s per portData transfer rate
4Phys (Unied Serial Ports)
512 MB DDR2Standard cache
1 mini-SAS x4 (SFF-8087)Connectors, internal
4 direct-attached (or up to 256 with expanders)Maximum number of disk drives
I2C and SGPIO (Serial General Purpose Input/Output)Enclosure Support
YesOnboard speaker
Adaptec Flash Backup Module AFM-600 (optional; sold separately)Zero Maintenance Cache Protection
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Serial Attached SCSI RAID Controllers Installation and User's Guide
About the Adaptec RAID 6445
The Adaptec RAID 6445 is a SAS RAID controller with these features: -
Module
Low-prole MD2Form Factor
PCIe Gen2Bus compatibility
x8PCIe bus width
6 Gb/s per portData transfer rate
8Phys (Unied Serial Ports)
512 MB DDR2Standard cache
1 mini-SAS x4 (SFF-8087) internalConnectors
1 mini-SAS x4 (SFF-8088) external
8 direct-attached (or up to 256 with expanders)Maximum number of disk drives
SES, I2C, and SGPIO (Serial General Purpose Input/Output)Enclosure Support
YesOnboard speaker
Adaptec Flash Backup Module AFM-600 (optional; sold separately)Zero Maintenance Cache Protection
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Serial Attached SCSI RAID Controllers Installation and User's Guide
About the Adaptec RAID 6805/6805Q
The Adaptec RAID 6805/6805Q is a SAS RAID controller with these features:
maxCache SSD support
Zero Maintenance Cache Protection
Module
Low-prole MD2Form Factor
PCIe Gen2Bus compatibility
x8PCIe bus width
6 Gb/s per portData transfer rate
8Phys (Unied Serial Ports)
512 MB DDR2Standard cache
2 mini-SAS x4 (SFF-8087)Connectors, internal
8 direct-attached (or up to 256 with expanders)Maximum number of disk drives
6805Q: Up to 8solid state drives, 2TB capacity,max. See the maxCache
compatibility list at www.adaptec.com/compatibility.
I2C and SGPIO (Serial General Purpose Input/Output)Enclosure Support
YesOnboard speaker
Adaptec FlashBackupModule AFM-600(6805: optional, soldseparately;
6805Q: standard, pre-installed)
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About the Adaptec RAID 6405E
The Adaptec RAID 6405E is a SAS RAID controller with these features:
Module
Low-prole MD2 (reduced length: 5.12 inches)Form Factor
PCIe Gen2Bus compatibility
x1PCIe bus width
6 Gb/s per portData transfer rate
4Phys (Unied Serial Ports)
128 MB DDR2Standard cache
1 mini-SAS x4 (SFF-8087)Connectors, internal
4 direct-attachedMaximum number of disk drives
SGPIO (Serial General Purpose Input/Output)Enclosure Support
YesOnboard speaker
NoZero Maintenance Cache Protection
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Serial Attached SCSI RAID Controllers Installation and User's Guide
About the Adaptec RAID 6805E/6805E R5
The Adaptec RAID 6805E/6805E R5 is a SAS RAID controller with these features:
Module
Low-prole MD2 (reduced length: 6.1 inches)Form Factor
PCIe Gen2Bus compatibility
x4PCIe bus width
6 Gb/s per portData transfer rate
8Phys (Unied Serial Ports)
128 MB DDR2Standard cache
2 mini-SAS x4 (SFF-8087)Connectors, internal
8 direct-attachedMaximum number of disk drives
SGPIO (Serial General Purpose Input/Output)Enclosure Support
YesOnboard speaker
NoZero Maintenance Cache Protection
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About the Adaptec RAID 6405T
The Adaptec RAID 6405T is a SAS RAID controller with these features:
Module
Low-prole MD2Form Factor
PCIe Gen2Bus compatibility
x8PCIe bus width
6 Gb/s per portData transfer rate
4Phys (Unied Serial Ports)
512 MB DDR2Standard cache
1 mini-SAS x4 (SFF-8087)Connectors, internal
4 direct-attached (or up to 256 with expanders)Maximum number of disk drives
SGPIO (Serial General Purpose Input/Output)Enclosure Support
YesOnboard speaker
Adaptec Flash Backup Module AFM-600 (optional; sold separately)Zero Maintenance Cache Protection
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Ext. Alarm connector
Drive Activity LED connector for CN0/CN1
Diagnostic/Activity LEDs
CN0
2 internal mini-SAS connectors
CN1
Daughterboard
connector
HDA mode connector
Aggregate Activity
Mounting bracket
PCIe x8 connector
Serial Attached SCSI RAID Controllers Installation and User's Guide
About the Adaptec RAID 6805T/6805TQ
The Adaptec RAID 6805T/6805TQ is a SAS RAID controller with these features:
maxCache SSD support
Zero Maintenance Cache Protection
Module
Low-prole MD2Form Factor
PCIe Gen2Bus compatibility
x8PCIe bus width
6 Gb/s per portData transfer rate
8Phys (Unied Serial Ports)
512 MB DDR2Standard cache
2 mini-SAS x4 (SFF-8087)Connectors, internal
8 direct-attached (or up to 256 with expanders)Maximum number of disk drives
6805TQ: Up to 8 solidstatedrives, 2TB capacity, max. Seethe maxCache
compatibility list at www.adaptec.com/compatibility.
SGPIO (Serial General Purpose Input/Output)Enclosure Support
YesOnboard speaker
Adaptec Flash Backup Module AFM-600 (6805T: optional, sold
separately; 6805TQ: standard, pre-installed)
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Ext. Alarm connector
HDA mode connector
Daughterboard
connector
PCIe x8 connector
Mounting bracket
2 internal mini-SAS HD connectors
Serial Attached SCSI RAID Controllers Installation and User's Guide
About the Adaptec RAID 7805/7805Q
The Adaptec RAID 7805/7805Q is a SAS RAID controller with these features:
maxCache SSD support
Zero Maintenance Cache Protection
Module
Low-prole MD2Form Factor
PCIe Gen3Bus compatibility
x8PCIe bus width
6 Gb/s per portData transfer rate
8Phys (Unied Serial Ports)
1024 MB DDR3Standard cache
2 mini-SAS HD x4 (SFF-8643)Connectors, internal
8 direct-attached (or up to 256 with expanders)Maximum number of disk drives
7805Q: Up to 8 solid state drives, 2TB capacity, max. See the maxCache
compatibility list at www.adaptec.com/compatibility.
IBPI and SGPIO (Serial General Purpose Input/Output)Enclosure Support
YesOnboard speaker
Adaptec FlashBackupModule AFM-700(7805: optional, soldseparately;
7805Q: standard, pre-installed)
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4 internal mini-SAS HD connectors
Ext. Alarm connector
HDA mode connector
CN0
CN1
CN2
CN3
Daughterboard
connector
PCIe x8 connector
Mounting bracket
Serial Attached SCSI RAID Controllers Installation and User's Guide
About the Adaptec RAID 71605/71605Q
The Adaptec RAID 71605/71605Q is a SAS RAID controller with these features:
maxCache SSD support
Zero Maintenance Cache Protection
Module
Low-prole MD2Form Factor
PCIe Gen3Bus compatibility
x8PCIe bus width
6 Gb/s per portData transfer rate
16Phys (Unied Serial Ports)
1024 MB DDR3Standard cache
4 mini-SAS HD x4 (SFF-8643)Connectors, internal
16 direct-attached (or up to 256 with expanders)Maximum number of disk drives
71605Q: Up to 16 solid state drives, 2TB capacity, max. See the
maxCache compatibility list at www.adaptec.com/compatibility.
IBPI and SGPIO (Serial General Purpose Input/Output)Enclosure Support
YesOnboard speaker
Adaptec Flash Backup Module AFM-700 (71605: optional, sold
separately; 71605Q: standard, pre-installed)
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4 internal mini-SAS HD connectors
Ext. Alarm connector
HDA mode connector
CN0
CN1
CN2
CN3
PCIe x8 connector
Mounting bracket
Serial Attached SCSI RAID Controllers Installation and User's Guide
About the Adaptec RAID 71605E
The Adaptec RAID 71605E is a SAS RAID controller with these features:
Module
Low-prole MD2Form Factor
PCIe Gen3Bus compatibility
x8PCIe bus width
6 Gb/s per portData transfer rate
16Phys (Unied Serial Ports)
256 MB DDR3Standard cache
4 mini-SAS HD x4 (SFF-8643)Connectors, internal
16 direct-attached (or up to 256 with expanders)Maximum number of disk drives
IBPI and SGPIO (Serial General Purpose Input/Output)Enclosure Support
YesOnboard speaker
NoZero Maintenance Cache Protection
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Ext. Alarm
connector
Daughterboard
connector
PCIe x8 connector
Mounting bracket
HDA mode
connector
2 external
mini-SAS HD
connectors
4 internal mini-SAS HD connectors
Serial Attached SCSI RAID Controllers Installation and User's Guide
About the Adaptec RAID 71685
The Adaptec RAID 71685 is a SAS RAID controller with these features:
Module
Full Height, Half LengthForm Factor
PCIe Gen3Bus compatibility
x8PCIe bus width
6 Gb/s per portData transfer rate
24Phys (Unied Serial Ports)
1024 MB DDR3Standard cache
4 mini-SAS HD x4 (SFF-8643)Connectors, internal
2 mini-SAS HD x4 (SFF-8644)Connectors, external
24 direct-attached (or up to 256 with expanders)Maximum number of disk drives
IBPI and SGPIO (Serial General Purpose Input/Output)Enclosure Support
YesOnboard speaker
Adaptec Flash Backup Module AFM-700 (optional, sold separately)Zero Maintenance Cache Protection
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Ext. Alarm
connector
Daughterboard
connector
PCIe x8 connector
Mounting bracket
HDA mode
connector
HD connectors
4 internal mini-SAS
HD connectors
2 internal mini-SAS
Serial Attached SCSI RAID Controllers Installation and User's Guide
About the Adaptec RAID 72405
The Adaptec RAID 72405 is a SAS RAID controller with these features:
Module
Full Height, Half LengthForm Factor
PCIe Gen3Bus compatibility
x8PCIe bus width
6 Gb/s per portData transfer rate
24Phys (Unied Serial Ports)
1024 MB DDR3Standard cache
6 mini-SAS HD x4 (SFF-8643)Connectors, internal
24 direct-attached (or up to 256 with expanders)Maximum number of disk drives
IBPI and SGPIO (Serial General Purpose Input/Output)Enclosure Support
YesOnboard speaker
Adaptec Flash Backup Module AFM-700 (optional, sold separately)Zero Maintenance Cache Protection
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4 Getting Started
This chapter provides the basic information you need to set up your disk drives and arrays the way you
want them. It describes the options you have for installing your Adaptec RAID controller and disk drives
and creating arrays for storage. It also describes how to prepare your controller for installation into a
low-prole computer cabinet.
Choosing a RAID Level
This section provides a brief overview of the RAID levels supported by your Adaptec RAID controller,
including the minimum and maximum number of disk drives required by each.
Note: Before you begin, familiarize yourself with your controller's physical features
and the RAID levels that it supports (see Standard RAID Controller Features on page
17).
• RAID 0 (Non-redundant Array)—Stripes data across multiple disk drives. Improved performance but
no redundancy (see Non-redundant Arrays (RAID 0) on page 74).
• RAID 1 Array—Created from two disk drives where one disk drive is a mirror of the other (the same
data is stored on each disk drive). Redundancy, but reduced capacity (see RAID 1 Arrays on page
75).
• RAID 1E Array—Similar to a RAID 1 array except that data is mirrored and striped, and more disk
drives can be included (see RAID 1 Enhanced Arrays on page 75).
• RAID 5 Array—Stripes data for improved performance and uses parity data to provide redundancy
(see RAID 5 Arrays on page 77).
• (Adaptec Series 6 Controllers Only) RAID 5EE Array—Similar to a RAID 5 array, but includes a distributed
spare and must include a minimum of four disk drives (see RAID 5EE Arrays on page 78).
• RAID 10 Array—Built from two or more equal-sized RAID 1 arrays, stripes and mirrors data across
multiple disk drives. Redundancy and improved performance (see RAID 10 Arrays on page 76).
• RAID 50 Array—Built from multiple disk drives congured as two or more RAID 5 arrays, stripes
stored data and parity data across all disk drives (see RAID 50 Arrays on page 79).
• RAID 6 Array—Similar to a RAID 5 array except that it includes two independent sets of parity data
instead of one (see RAID 6 Arrays on page 80).
• RAID 60 Array—Similar to a RAID 50 array except that it includes four independent sets of parity
data instead of two (see RAID 60 Arrays on page 80).
See Comparing RAID Levels on page 81 to see how many disk drives you must connect to your RAID
controller to support the RAID level you want.
Serial Attached SCSI RAID Controllers Installation and User's Guide
Selecting Disk Drives and Cables
Disk Drives
Your SAS controller supports SAS disk drives, SATA disk drives, and SATA and SAS Solid State Drives
(SSDs). When selecting disk drives for your RAID array, ensure that all the disk drives have the same
performance level. You can use different-sized disk drives in the array, but the array will be limited to
the capacity of the smallest and slowest disk drive. For more information about arrays, refer to the
maxView Storage Manager User’s Guide or online Help. For more information about compatible disk
drives, refer to the Adaptec Web site at www.adaptec.com/compatibility.
Cables
Depending on your requirements, you can use any of the cables listed below. Cable connectors are
keyed so that you can't insert them incorrectly. For more information about cabling options for your
RAID controller, visit the Adaptec Web site at www.adaptec.com.
Note: We recommend using only Adaptec SAS cables.
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Adaptec SAS Adapter 7xxx5 Cables
Serial Attached SCSI RAID Controllers Installation and User's Guide
Internal mini-SAS HD to mini-SAS HD (SFF-8643 to
SFF- 8643)—Connectsto a backplane or enclosure.
External mini-SAS HD to mini-SAS HD (SFF-8644 to
SFF- 8644)—Connectsto a backplane or enclosure.
Adaptec SAS Adapter 6xx5 Cables
External mini-SAS (SFF-8088 to SFF-8470
)—Connects to an external SAS enclosure.
Internal mini-SAS with power (SFF-8087 to SFF-
8482)—Connects to four SAS or SATA disk drives.
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Front of board
Full-height bracket
Back of board
Low-profle bracket
Serial Attached SCSI RAID Controllers Installation and User's Guide
Internal mini-SAS to SATA fan-out (SFF-8087 to 4x
SATA)—Connects to four SATA disk drives.
Internal mini-SAS to mini-SAS (SFF-8087 to SFF-80
87)—Connects to a backplane or enclosure.
Replacing the Full-Height Bracket with a Low-Prole Bracket
If youare installing your Adaptec RAID controller intoa low-prole computer cabinet, replace the original
full-height bracket with the low-prole bracket included in your distribution kit. The full-height bracket
is mounted on the front of the controller, the low-prole bracket is mountedon the back of the controller,
as shown in the gure below.
To replace the full-height bracket with the low-prole bracket:
1. Remove the full-height bracket from the controller board. The full-height bracket is installed on the
front side of the controller, with the mounting screws inserted from the back of the controller, as
shown in the Figure 1.
Using a Phillips head screw driver, remove the mounting screws, as shown in Figure 2, then set the
screws aside for use in the next step.
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Remove mounting
screws with Phillips
screw driver
Front of board
Figure 2
Back of board
Figure 1
Figure 3
Raised side of bracket
Front of board
Flat side of bracket
Back of board
Serial Attached SCSI RAID Controllers Installation and User's Guide
2. Attach the low-prole bracket to the controller board. The low-prole bracket is installed on the
back side of the controller, with the mounting screws inserted from the front of the controller, as
shown the Figure 3.
Insert the screws through the holes on the front of the controller, then fasten the screws to the
bracket with a Phillips screw driver.
Caution: The mount points on the low-prole bracket have a smooth or at side
and a raised side that looks like a spacer (see Figure 3). Be sure to install the bracket
with the at side against the controller PCB and the raised side facing away from
the PCB.
Caution: The torque on the mounting screws should be a maximum of 3.0-4.0
lbf-in to avoid deformation. Be sure that the controller is not bent after attaching
the low-prole bracket to the controller board.
Installation Options
When you install your Adaptec RAID controller, you can choose to create a bootable array and then
install your operating system and the controller driver on that array.
Alternatively, you can complete a standard installation, where the controller driver is installed on an
existing operating system.
Basic Installation Steps
This section describes the installation process. Follow the stepsfor the installation option you’ve chosen.
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Installing with an Operating System
1. Install and connect your controller and internal disk drives (see Installing the Controller and Disk
Drives on page 36).
If your controller has an external connector, you can connect external disk drives as well (or instead).
2. Set the boot controller (see Setting the Boot Controller on page 44).
3. Create a bootable array (see Creating an Array on page 44).
4. Install your operating system and the controller driver (see Installing the Driver and an Operating
System on page 48.)
5. Install maxView Storage Manager and begin to manage your data storage (see Managing Your
Storage Space on page 64).
Installing on an Existing Operating System
1. Install and connect your controller and internal disk drives (see Installing the Controller and Disk
Drives on page 36).
If your controller has an external connector, you can connect external disk drives as well (or instead).
2. Install the controller driver (see Installing the Driver on an Existing Operating System on page 59).
3. Install maxView Storage Manager and begin to manage your data storage (see Managing Your
Storage Space on page 64).
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5 Installing the Controller and Disk Drives
This chapter explainshow to install yourAdaptec RAID controller, and how to install andconnect internal
and external disk drives.
Before You Begin
• Read Safety Information on page 104.
• Familiarize yourself with your RAID controller's physical features and the RAID levels that it supports
(see Standard RAID Controller Features on page 17).
• Ensure you have the right quantity of disk drives for the RAID level you want to use for your arrays
(see Selecting Disk Drives and Cables on page 31).
• If you are installing the RAID controller into a low-prole computer cabinet, replace the original
full-height bracket with the low-prole bracket included in the kit (see Replacing the Full-Height
Bracket with a Low-Prole Bracket on page 33).
Installing the Controller
This section describes how to install the Adaptec RAID controller into your computer cabinet. Adaptec
RAID controllers come in two basic congurations: standard and zero maintenance cache protection
with batteryless backup (ZMCP). ZMCP uses ash memory and a supercapacitor module to protect the
cache without a battery.
Follow one of these sets of instructions:
• To install an Adaptec RAID controller without zero maintenance cache protection, see the next
section.
• To install an Adaptec RAID controller with zero maintenance cache protection, see Installing a RAID
Controller with Zero Maintenance Cache Protection on page 37.
Caution: Be sure to handle the controller by its bracket or edges only.
Installing a RAID Controller without Zero Maintenance Cache Protection
To install an Adaptec RAID controller without zero maintenance cache protection:
1. Turn off your computer and disconnect the power cord. Open the cabinet, following the
manufacturer's instructions.
2. Select an available PCIe expansion slot that's compatible with your RAID controller and remove the
slot cover, as shown below. (PCIe bus compatibility is marked to the controller gures in About Your
RAID Controller on page 17.)
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3. Insert the RAID controller into the expansion slot and press down gently but rmly until it clicks into
place. When installed properly, the RAID controller should appear level with the expansion slot.
Caution: Touch a grounded metal object before handling the RAID controller.
4. Secure the bracket in the expansion slot, using the retention device (for instance, a screw or lever)
supplied with your computer.
5. (Adaptec Series 6 controllers only) Connect your computer's disk activity LED cable to the LED
connector on the controller (marked on the gures in About Your RAID Controller on page 17).
Ensure that the positive lead of the LED cable (usually a red wire or a wire marked with a red stripe)
is attached to pin 1.
6. (Adaptec Series 6 controllers only) Optionally, connect your RAID controller's I2C connector (not
available on all models) to an I2C connector on an internal backplane or enclosure, using an I2C
cable. For more connection details, see About Your RAID Controller on page 17.
7. Prepare and install your internal disk drives, following the instructions in Connecting Disk Drives to
Your Controllers on page 41.
If you are not installing internal disk drives, close your computer cabinet, reattach the power cord,
then continue with Connecting External Devices on page 42.
Installing a RAID Controller with Zero Maintenance Cache Protection
Adaptec RAID controllers with zero maintenance cache protection include a ash module daughterboard
and a supercapacitor module. On Adaptec Series Q controllers, the daughterboard is pre-installed on
the controller. On Adaptec RAID controllers with optional zero maintenance cache protection (see
Adding a Flash Backup Module on page 18), the daughterboard is user installed. The supercapacitor
module is always user installed.
The following instructions describe how to install the supercapacitor module using the mounting plate
method. Refer to the yer in the ash module distribution kit for details about installing the
daughterboard on the RAID controller, as needed, and for other supercapacitor installation options.
Warning: Do NOT remove or insert a fully charged supercapacitor module. Always discharge the unit
rst to avoid damage to the controller or ash backup module. The factory ships with discharged units,
so they are safe to install when you receive them. To ensure that an installed unit is discharged, switch
your system OFF, then wait 5 minutes. After a dirty shutdown, wait 3 minutes after backup is complete,
then remove the unit.
To install an Adaptec RAID controller with zero maintenance cache protection:
1. Assemble the mounting plate and attach the supercapacitor module:
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a) Attach the full-height bracket to the mounting plate. The full-height bracket is installed on the
front side of the mounting plate (the side with the bents), with the mounting screws inserted
from the back, as shown below. Be sure to attach the mounting plate tothe bracket with recessed
side at the bottom!
b) Thread the cable-ties through the slots on the supercapacitor module and afx to the mounting
plate, as shown in the next gure. The cable-ties should completely encircle the supercapacitor
module and mounting plate to ensure that it is held in place securely.
c) Set the mounting plate aside; continue with the steps below.
2. Turn off your computer and disconnect the power cord. Open the cabinet, following the
manufacturer's instructions.
3. Select an available PCIe expansion slot that's compatible with your RAID controller and remove the
slot cover, as shown in the gure below. (PCIe bus compatibility is marked on the controller gures
in About Your RAID Controller on page 17.) Be sure to choose a slot next to an empty slot in the
backplane; you will use the empty slot to install the supercapacitor mounting plate, after you install
the controller. Remove the slot cover for the mounting plate, then continue with the next step.
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4. Insert the RAID controller into the expansion slot and press down gently but rmly until it clicks into
place. When installed properly, the RAID controller should appear level with the expansion slot.
Caution: Touch a grounded metal object before handling the RAID controller.
5. Secure the bracket in the expansion slot, using the retention device (for instance, a screw or lever)
supplied with your computer.
6. Attach the supercapacitor module to the RAID controller by inserting the connector into the socket
on the ash module daughterboard, as shown in the gure below. The connector attaches to the
socket in only one direction.
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7. Install the mounting plate in the empty slot next to the controller, as shown in the next gure. After
securing the mounting plate to the card cage, verify that the supercapacitor module and mounting
plate sit above (and do not touch) the PCIe slot.
8. (Adaptec Series 6 controllers only) Connect your computer's disk activity LED cable to the LED
connector on the controller (marked on the gures in About Your RAID Controller on page 17).
Ensure that the positive lead of the LED cable (usually a red wire or a wire marked with a red stripe)
is attached to pin 1.
9. (Adaptec Series 6 controllers only) Optionally, connect your RAID controller's I2C connector (not
available on all models) to an I2C connector on an internal backplane or enclosure, using an I2C
cable. For more connection details, see About Your RAID Controller on page 17.
10. Prepare and install your internal disk drives, following the instructions in Connecting Disk Drives to
Your Controllers on page 41.
If you are not installing internal disk drives, close your computer cabinet, reattach the power cord,
then continue with Connecting External Devices on page 42.
11. Restart your computer.
The supercapacitor starts charging automatically. It should reach full charge in 3-4 minutes.
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Connecting Disk Drives to Your Controllers
You can connect SAS disk drives, SATA disk drives, and SATA and SAS Solid State Drives (SSDs) to your
Adaptec RAID controller. (See www.adaptec.com/compatibility for a list of compatible drives.) There
are no jumpers or switches to set before installation.
If you plan to build a bootable array, ensure that you install at least the minimum number disk drives
required to support the RAID level you want. See Choosing a RAID Level on page 31 for more information.
Note: Although you can connect both SAS and SATA disk drives to your SAS controller,
we recommend that you do not combine SAS and SATA disk drives within the same
array. See What is SAS? on page 69 for more information.
You have two connection options:
• To connect directly to the controller, see the following section.
• To connect to a backplane, see Connecting Drives to a System Backplane on page 41.
To connect Solid State Drives to your controller, see Connecting Solid State Drives (SSDs) on page 41.
Connecting Drives Directly to the Controller
In a direct-attach connection, SAS or SATA disk drives are connected directly to a SAS card with SAS
cables. The number of direct-attached disk drives is limited to four per internal SAS connector. (For
more information about direct-attach connections, see How are Disk Drives Identied in SAS? on page
71.)
1. Install your internal SAS orSATA disk drives, following the instructions in your system's documentation.
2. Use internal SAS, mini-SAS, or mini-SAS HD cables to attach the disk drives to the controller, as
required.
3. When all internal disk drives have been installed and attached to the controller, close your computer
cabinet, reattach the power cord, then continue with Connecting External Devices on page 42.
Connecting Drives to a System Backplane
In a backplane connection, disk drives and SAS cards are attached to and communicate with each other
through a system backplane.
The number of disk drives is limited to the number of slots available on the backplane. Some backplanes
have embedded SAS expanders and can support up to 128 end devices. (For more information about
backplane and expander connections, see How are Disk Drives Identied in SAS? on page 71.)
1. Connect one or more internal SAS or SATA disk drives to the backplane. (Refer to your system's
documentation for more information.)
2. Use an internal mini-SAS or mini-SAS HD cable to connect the controller to the backplane, as required.
3. When all internal disk drives have been installed and connected, close your computer cabinet,
reattach the power cord, then continue with Connecting External Devices on page 42.
Connecting Solid State Drives (SSDs)
To connecta Solid State Drive to your controller, you can use a direct-attached connection or a backplane
connection, as required. If your server does not have a standard 2.5-inch drive tray, you must use a
bracket/SLED which enables the SSD to t properly.
Note: For Adaptec maxCache applications or hybrid RAID arrays (comprised of hard
drives and SSDs) you can use any Solid State Drive on the compatibility list. See
www.adaptec.com/compatibility for a list of compatible SSDs. Adaptec maxCache is
supported on Adaptec Series Q controllers only.
In a direct-attach connection (described in the steps below), you connect SSDs directly to the controller
with SAS cables (mini-SAS to SATA). In a backplane connection, use the appropriate cable for your
backplane type (see Connecting Drives to a System Backplane on page 41 for more about backplane
connections). For maxCache caching applications, you can connect a maximum of 16
maxCache-compatible SSDs to a controller. For RAID arrays, Adaptec controllers support a maximum
of 256 drives, including SSDs (for details, see About Your RAID Controller on page 17).
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Use a 2.5” to 3.5” adapter to
install your SSD if server does
not have 2.5” tray.
Typical SSD installation
To other SSDs
SSD connected to controller with
internal mini-SAS HD to SATA Fanout cable
Single-port connectorInternal x4 mini-SAS HD connector
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1. Install the SSDs in your server. For servers with a standard 2.5-inch drive tray, install the SSD directly
into the tray. If your server does not have a standard 2.5-inch drive tray, use a bracket or adapter
which enables it to t properly.
2. Use an internal mini-SAS or mini-SAS HD to SATA cable, as required, to attach the SSD(s) to the
controller, as shown in the example below.
3. When all SSDs have been installed and connected, close your computer cabinet, reattach the power
cord, then continue with Connecting External Devices on page 42.
Connecting External Devices
Note: If you are not connecting any external devices, see the following section, Next
Steps on page 43.
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Use high-quality cables to connect your controller to your external device(s), such as disk drives or disk
drive enclosures.
We recommend using only Adaptec cables. For more information about cabling options for your
controller, see Cables on page 31.
Next Steps
If you are installing the controller driver and an operating system onto a bootable array, continue with
Creating a Bootable Array on page 44.
If you are completing a standard installation onto an existing operating system, continue with Installing
the Driver on an Existing Operating System on page 59.
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6 Creating a Bootable Array
This chapter explains how to set your Adaptec controller to be the boot controller, and how to create
a bootable array.
Note: If you are completing a standard installation onto an existing operating system,
you don’t have to complete this task. Skip to Installing the Driver on an Existing
Operating System on page 59.
Setting the Boot Controller
Note: If your system won’t contain more than one bootable controller, skip to the
next section, Creating an Array on page 44.
Your Adaptec RAID controller supports bootable disk drives and bootable arrays. To enable your system
to boot from either a disk drive or an array connected to your controller:
1. Enter the system setup.
2. Navigate to the drive boot sequence.
3. Move the boot controller to the top of the list.
For more information, refer to your computer documentation.
Serial Attached SCSI RAID Controllers Installation and User's Guide
Creating an Array
This section explains how to create an array.
A RAID 5 array is created in the examples shown in this section because RAID 5 provides themost security
and best performance with a minimum of three disk drives. However, you can choose to create an array
with a different RAID level; you can also change array level later, after the operating system is installed.
You can create an array using any of these tools:
• Adaptec RAID Conguration Utility (ARC)—BIOS-based menus and keyboard navigation (see the
following section).
• maxView Storage Manager—Graphical software application (running from a bootable installation
DVD) that you can navigate with your mouse (see About maxView Storage Manager on page 64).
• ARCCONF—Command line utility. For instructions, refer to the Adaptec RAID Controller Command
Line Utility User’s Guide.
You can use any of these tools, but the ARC utility is the quickest and easiest tool for this task.
Note: We recommend that you do not combine SAS and SATA disk drives within the
same array. maxView Storage Manager displays a warning if you try to create a logical
drive using a combination of SAS and SATA disk drives. See What is SAS? on page 69
for more information.
Creating an Array with the ARC Utility
The ARC utility is menu-based. Instructions for completing tasks appear on-screen. Menus can be
navigated using the arrows, Enter, Esc, and other keys on your keyboard.
To create a RAID 5 array:
1. Power on your computer. When prompted, press Ctrl+A to enter the ARC utility.
Note: On servers that support the Unied Extensible Firmware Interface, or uEFI,
ARC utilityoptions are presented with a uEFI/HII interface rather than the Adaptec
Ctrl-A interface described below. To begin using the ARC utility with the uEFI/HII
interface, see Ctrl-A or uEFI/HII? on page 82.
2. If you have more than one controller of the same model or family in your computer, select your
controller, then press Enter .
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3. Select Logical Device Conguration, then press Enter .
4. Select Initialize Drives, then press Enter .
5. Select at least three disk drives for the array, press Insert for each selected disk drive, then press
Enter.
Caution: During initialization, all data is deleted from the disk. Before continuing,
back up any data you want to keep.
6. Press Y , then press Enter .
The selected disk drives are initialized, then the Logical Device Conguration screen appears.
7. Select Create Array, then press Enter .
8. Select the disk drives that were just initialized, press Insert for each selected disk drive, then press
Enter .
9. When the Array Properties screen opens, follow the instructions in the following table.
Entry or SelectionProperty Line
Select RAID 5, then press Enter .Array Type
Type a name, then press Enter .Array Label
Press Enter , then press Enter again to use the default granularity of GB.Array Size
Press Enter to use the default (256 KB).Stripe Size
Press Enter to use the default (Enable).Read Caching
Press Enter to use the default (Enable always), then press Y to conrm.Write Caching
Press Enter to use the default (Build/Verify).Create RAID via
Press Enter to use the default (Enable)MaxCache Read
Press Enter to use the default (Disable)MaxCache Write
Press Enter .[Done]
10. When a cache warning message displays, type Y .
11. Once the array is created, a message displays telling you that the array can now be used. Press any
key to return to the Logical Device Conguration menu.
You can start using the array immediately. However, performance is reduced until the build process
is complete.
12. Press Esc until the Exit utility window appears.
13. Select Yes, then press Enter.
The computer restarts.
14. Continue with Making Your Array Bootable on page 47.
Creating an Array with maxView Storage Manager
This section describes how to use the maxView Storage Manager conguration wizard to build an array.
Note: You will need the Adaptec Installation DVD to complete this task.
To create a RAID 5 array:
1. Insert the Adaptec Installation DVD into your DVD drive, then restart your computer.
2. When prompted, select the language you want, then press Enter .
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3. Review the license information, then press Enter .
The DVD main menu opens.
4. Click Launch Conguration Utility .
maxView Storage Manager opens.
5. On the ribbon, in the Logical Disk group, click Create Logical Drive.
6. When the wizard opens, ensure that Express Conguration is selected, then click Next.
7. Review the logical drive conguration summary.
maxView Storage Manager uses the term logical drive when referring to an array (see Terminology
Used in this Guide on page 14).
The following example shows a RAID 5 array, ready to be created.
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8. Click Finish.
maxView Storage Manager builds the logical drives.
9. Partition and format your logical drive.
The logical drives you created appear as a physical disk drives on your operating system. You must
partition and format these logical drives before you can use them to store data.
10. Close all windows, then click Reboot to restart your system.
11. Remove the Adaptec Installation DVD.
For information on installing and using maxView Storage Manager as a full software application,
refer to the maxView Storage Manager User's Guide.
12. Continue with the following section.
Making Your Array Bootable
Use the ARC Utility to make the array bootable (see Creating Bootable Arrays on page 83).
Then continue with Installing the Driver and an Operating System on page 48.
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7 Installing the Driver and an Operating System
This chapter explains how to install your Adaptec RAID controller driver and an operating system on a
bootable array (see Creating a Bootable Array on page 44).
To install the driver on an existing operating system, see Installing the Driver on an Existing Operating
System on page 59.
Before You Begin
• Install and connect your Adaptec RAID controller and internal disk drives (see Installing the Controller
and Disk Drives on page 36).
• Create a bootable array (see Creating a Bootable Array on page 44).
• Create a driver disk (see the following section).
Note: For up-to-date operating system version support, visit the Adaptec Web Site
at www.adaptec.com. From the main menu select Support>Knowledgebase>Find
Answers. Select your controller type and OS to generate a list of supported operating
systems and to download the latest drivers.
Creating a Driver Disk
This section describes how to create a driver disk for the operating systems that require one. You will
need a USB ash drive or writable CD to complete this task.
• Windows operating systems do not require a driver disk. For Windows, the driver is loaded directly
from the Adaptec Installation DVD; see Installing with Windows on page 50.
• For Debian Linux, Ubuntu Linux, and VMware ESX 4.1, you must create the driver disk manually on
a USB ash drive (“USB stick”) or writable CD. See the instructions for your operating system, below.
• For Red Hat 6 and Cent OS 6 DKMS driver installation, see Red Hat Linux 6, Cent OS 6 with Dynamic
Kernel Module Support on page 50.
• For VMware ESXi 5.x, see Installing with VMware ESXi 5.x on page 56.
• For all other OSs, create the driver disk using the Create Diskette menu on the Adaptec Installation
DVD.
To create a driver disk using the Create Diskette menu:
1. Set your system BIOS so that your computer boots from the DVD drive.
2. Turn on your computer, then insert the Adaptec Installation DVD.
3. Click Create Diskette, then select your operating system and version.
4. When prompted, insert a USB ash drive, then click OK.
The system creates the driver disk on the USB drive.
5. Remove and label the driver disk.
6. Continue with the instructions for your operating system:
• For Red Hat Linux 5 or Cent OS 5, see Installing with Red Hat Linux 5 or Cent OS 5 on page 50.
• For Red Hat Linux 6, Cent OS 6, or Fedora Linux, see Red Hat Linux 6, Cent OS 6, Fedora Linux
without Dynamic Kernel Module Support on page 51.
• For SuSE Linux, see Installing with SuSE Linux Enterprise Server on page 52.
• For Solaris, see Installing with Solaris on page 54.
• For FreeBSD, see Installing with FreeBSD on page 55.
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Creating a Driver Disk for Debian Linux or Ubuntu Linux
Note: You will need the Adaptec Installation DVD and a USB ash drive to complete
this task.
To create a driver disk for Debian or Ubuntu Linux:
1. Insert and mount the Adaptec Installation DVD:
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
2. Insert and mount a USB ash drive:
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/aacraid-driver
3. Change to the Linux driver directory on the Adaptec Installation DVD, locate the .tgz archive le for
your Debian or Ubuntu operating system version (32-bit or 64-bit), then extract the contents of the
archive to a temporary location.
4. Copy the contents of the archive to the USB drive by typing this command:
cp /<tempdir>/* /mnt/aacraid-driver
where tempdir is the temporary location of the driver les.
5. Unmount and remove the Adaptec Installation DVD and USB drive.
6. Continue with Installing with Debian Linux on page 52 or Installing with Ubuntu Linux on page 53.
Creating a Driver Disk for VMware ESX 4.1
Note: You will need the Adaptec Installation DVD and a writeable CD to complete
this task.
To create a driver disk for VMware ESX 4.1:
1. Insert and mount the Adaptec Installation DVD:
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
2. Insert and mount a writable CD:
mount /dev/cdrom1 /mnt/cdrom1
3. Change to the Linux driver directory on the Adaptec Installation DVD, locate the VMware iso image,
vmware-aacraid-400.4.2.1.xxxxx-esx4.1.iso (where xxxxx is the build number), then burn
the iso to the CD.
Note: Use whatever tool you prefer to burn the CD, such as an interactive
(GUI-based) tool or the Linux command line.
4. Unmount and remove the Adaptec Installation DVD and CD drive.
5. Continue with Installing with VMware ESX 4.1 on page 55.
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Installing with Windows
Note: The following instructions apply to all supported Windows operating systems.
You will need your Windows Installation CD to complete this task.
To install the Adaptec RAID controller driver while installing Windows:
1. Insert your Windows CD, then restart the computer.
2. Follow the on-screen instructions to begin the Windows installation.
3. When prompted to specify a location for Windows, select Load Driver.
4. Insert the Adaptec Installation DVD, browse to the driver location, then click OK.
The 64-Bit driver is located within the AMD64 folder.
5. When the Adaptec driver is found, press Next.
You may see the message ‘No drives were found’. Repeat Step 3, Step 4 (browse to driver location),
and Step 5. On the second attempt, the driver will load successfully.
6. Click Next again to accept the defaultpartition conguration, orreferto your Windows documentation
to congure partitions manually.
7. Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the installation.
8. Continue with Managing Your Storage Space on page 64.
Installing with Red Hat Linux 5 or Cent OS 5
Note: You will need the installation CD for your operating system to complete this
task.
To install the Adaptec RAID controller driver while installing Red Hat Linux 5 or Cent OS 5:
1. Insert your installation CD.
2. Restart your computer.
3. When the rst installation screen appears, insert the USB driver disk.
4. Type this command at the Boot: prompt and press Enter:
linux dd
5. Select Yes to indicate that you have a driver disk, then select the driver image from the USB drive
(typically, /dev/sda1).
6. Complete the Linux installation, following the on-screen instructions.
7. Continue with Managing Your Storage Space on page 64.
Installing with Red Hat Linux 6, Cent OS 6, or Fedora Linux
Follow the instructions in this section to install the controller driver with Red Hat Linux 6, Cent OS 6, or
Fedora Linux. Werecommend that you install the driver with Dynamic Kernel Module Support, or DKMS.
DKMS ensures that the driver remains installed across OS or online updates. The DKMS instructions are
valid for Red Hat 6 and Cent OS 6 only.
Red Hat Linux 6, Cent OS 6 with Dynamic Kernel Module Support
Note: You will need your OS installation CD and a USB ash drive to complete this
task. You must have root privileges to install the driver image.
To install the Adaptec RAID controller driver while installing Red Hat 6 or Cent OS 6:
1. Copy aacraid-1.2.1.29900-dd.imgand aacraid.conf from the Linux driver directory on the
Adaptec Installation DVD to a USB ash drive. Remove the USB drive when you are nished.
2. Insert the OS installation CD, then restart your computer.
3. When the graphical Welcome screen appears, press Tab, then insert the USB driver disk.
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4. Make sure that "Install a new system or upgrade an existing system" is highlighted, then, at the end
of the "vmlinuz initrd=initrd.img" line press Space, type the following command, and press Enter:
linux dd
5. Select Yes to indicate that you have a driver disk, then select the driver image from the USB drive
(typically, /dev/sda1).
6. Complete the Linux installation, following the on-screen instructions, then reboot.
7. Assuming the USB driver disk is /dev/sda1, type the following commands to ensure that the driver
remains installed when you update the OS:
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
cp /mnt/aacraid.conf /etc/depmod.d/aacraid.conf
8. Continue with Managing Your Storage Space on page 64.
Red Hat Linux 6, Cent OS 6, Fedora Linux without Dynamic Kernel Module Support
Note: You will need the Installation CD for your operating system to complete this
task. You must have root privileges to install the driver image.
To install the Adaptec RAID controller driver while installing Red Hat 6, Cent OS 6, or Fedora Linux:
1. Insert your installation CD.
2. Restart your computer.
3. When the Welcome screen appears, press Enter at the boot prompt, type CTRL+ALT+F2to switch
to the shell, then continue the installation by selecting your language and keyboard.
4. Insert the USB driver disk.
5. Assuming the USB drive is assigned to /dev/sda1, type the following commands to load the
controller driver:
mkdir /mnt2 /AACRAID
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt2
cp -r /mnt2/* /AACRAID
umount /mnt2
cd /AACRAID
sh ./fc-pre-install.sh
6. Press ALT+F6 to switch back to the installation screen, then click Next.
7. Follow the on-screen prompts to continue the installation. When prompted to reboot the system,
press CTRL+ALT+F2 to switch to the console. Do not reboot before completing Step 8!
8. Type the following commands to complete the driver installation:
mkdir /mnt/sysimage/tmp/AACRAID
cp -r /AACRAID/* /mnt/sysimage/tmp/AACRAID
chroot /mnt/sysimage/
cd /tmp/AACRAID
sh ./fc-post-install.sh
exit
9. Press ALT+F6 to switch back to the installation screen, nish the installation, then reboot.
10. Continue with Managing Your Storage Space on page 64.
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Installing with SuSE Linux Enterprise Server
To install the Adaptec RAID controller driver while installing SuSE Linux:
1. Insert the rst SuSE Installation CD.
2. Restart your computer.
3. When the SuSE installation selection screen appears, choose the type of installation you want, press
the F6 key, then select Yes to indicate that you have a driver disk. (If F6 is not shown on the screen,
you may have an older version of SuSE; press the Alt key instead.)
4. Insert the USB driver disk.
5. Type this command on the 'Boot Options' line and press Enter:
linux dd
6. When prompted to "Please choose the Driver Update medium," highlight the USB partition, then
select OK.
If the "choose DriverUpdate medium" screen is displayed again, assume thatthe driver was accepted
and select Back.
7. Follow the prompts to continue the installation.
Note: For SuSE Linux 11, switch to the console by typing CTRL+ALT+F2when the
installation is between 50%-90% complete, type this command:
cp -a /update/install /mnt/tmp
...then press CTRL+ALT+F7 to return to the installation screen and complete the
installation as usual.
8. Complete the installation, following the on-screen instructions.
9. Continue with Managing Your Storage Space on page 64.
Installing with Debian Linux
Note: You will need your Debian Installation CD to complete this task. You must have
root privileges to install the driver image.
To install the Adaptec RAID controller driver while installing Debian Linux:
1. Insert the Debian Installation CD, then restart your computer.
2. When the Welcome screen appears, select Graphical Install. Continue the installation until you see
the "Congure Network" screen, then type CTRL+ALT+F2 to switch to the console.
3. Insert the USB driver disk, then type the following command to scan for the device:
fdisk -l
4. Assuming the USB drive is assigned to /dev/sda1, type the following commands to begin loading
the driver:
mkdir /AACRAID
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
cp -R /mnt/* /AACRAID
umount /mnt
Note: The following steps assume you are installing Debian 6 using kernel 2.6.32-5.
5. Copy the driver le to the /lib/modules directory:
Debian 32-bit:
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cp -f /AACRAID/aacraid.ko-PRE_MOD
/lib/modules/2.6.32-5-486/kernel/drivers/scsi/aacraid/aacraid.ko
Debian 64-bit:
cp -f /AACRAID/aacraid.ko
/lib/modules/2.6.32-5-amd64/kernel/drivers/scsi/aacraid/aacraid.ko
6. Remove the USB drive.
7. Install the loadable module:
Debian 32-bit:
insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-486/kernel/drivers/scsi/aacraid/aacraid.ko
Debian 64-bit:
insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-5-amd64/kernel/drivers/scsi/aacraid/aacraid.ko
8. Press CTRL+ALT+F5 to switch back to the installation screen, then follow the on-screen prompts
to continue the installation.
Note: Do not press Continue at the end of the installation until you complete Step
9!
9. When prompted to reboot the system, press CTRL+ALT+F2 to switch to the console.
10. Type the following commands to complete the driver installation:
Debian 32-bit:
cp -f /AACRAID/aacraid.ko-POST_MOD
/target/lib/modules/2.6.32-5-486/kernel/drivers/scsi/aacraid/aacraid.ko
chroot /target
/sbin/depmod -a 2.6.32-5-486
update-initramfs -u -v
exit
Debian 64-bit:
cp -f /AACRAID/aacraid.ko
/target/lib/modules/2.6.32-5-amd64/kernel/drivers/scsi/aacraid/aacraid.ko
chroot /target
/sbin/depmod -a 2.6.32-5-amd64
update-initramfs -u -v
exit
11. Press CTRL+ALT+F5 to switch back to the installation screen, then reboot.
12. Continue with Managing Your Storage Space on page 64.
Installing with Ubuntu Linux
Note: You will need your Ubuntu Installation CD to complete this task. You must have
root privileges to install the driver image.
To install the Adaptec RAID controller driver while installing Ubuntu Linux:
1. Insert the Ubuntu Installation CD, then restart your computer.
2. When the installation menu appears, select Install Ubuntu Server. Continue the installation until
the "Congure Network" screen appears, then type CTRL+ALT+F2 to switch to the console.
3. Insert the USB driver disk, then type the following command to scan for the device:
fdisk -l
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4. Assuming the USB drive is assigned to /dev/sda1, type the following commands to begin loading
the driver:
mkdir /AACRAID
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
cp -R /mnt/* /AACRAID
umount /mnt
Note: The following steps assume you are installing Ubuntu 10 or 11, using kernel
2.6.32-28. For Ubuntu 12 or higher, the driver les aacraid.ko-PRE_MOD and
aacraid.ko-POST_MOD are both replaced by the single le aacraid.ko.
5. Copy the driver le to the /lib/modules directory:
cp -f /AACRAID/aacraid.ko-PRE_MOD
/lib/modules/2.6.32-28-generic/kernel/drivers/scsi/aacraid/aacraid.ko
6. Remove the USB drive.
7. Install the loadable module:
insmod /lib/modules/2.6.32-28-generic/kernel/drivers/scsi/aacraid/aacraid.ko
8. Press CTRL+ALT+F1 to switch back to the installation screen, then follow the on-screen prompts
to continue the installation.
Note: Do not press Continue at the end of the installation until you complete Step
9!
9. When prompted to reboot the system, press CTRL+ALT+F2 to switch to the console.
10. Type the following commands to complete the driver installation:
Ubuntu 32-bit:
cp -f /AACRAID/aacraid.ko-POST_MOD
/target/lib/modules/2.6.32-28-generic-pae/kernel/drivers/scsi/aacraid/aacraid.ko
chroot /target
/sbin/depmod -a 2.6.32-28-generic-pae
update-initramfs -u -v
exit
Ubuntu 64-bit:
cp -f /AACRAID/aacraid.ko-POST_MOD
/target/lib/modules/2.6.32-28-server/kernel/drivers/scsi/aacraid/aacraid.ko
chroot /target /sbin/depmod -a 2.6.32-28-server
update-initramfs -u -v
exit
11. Press CTRL+ALT+F1 to switch back to the installation screen, then reboot.
12. Continue with Managing Your Storage Space on page 64.
Installing with Solaris
Note: This task is not necessary if you are installing Solaris 10 Update 2 or later.
Instead, you can choose to install Solaris using the in-box driver and update it either
during or after the installation is complete, if required.
Note: If necessary, you can create a driver disk by burning a CD with the
aac_solaris-x86.iso le, available on the Adaptec Installation DVD.
To install the Adaptec RAID controller driver while installing Solaris:
1. Start your computer.
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2. Interrupt the autoboot, press theESC key. The DeviceConguration Assistant (DCA) Utility will open.
3. Select Apply driver updates.
4. Insert the driver disk or other update media, then press Return.
5. Complete the Solaris installation, following the instructions included with your operating system.
Installing with FreeBSD
Note: You will need your FreeBSD Installation CD to complete this task.
To install the Adaptec RAID controller driver while installing FreeBSD:
1. Insert the FreeBSD Installation CD.
2. Insert the USB driver disk.
3. Restart your computer. (Be sure to boot from the installation CD!)
4. When the FreeBSD start screen opens, select 2 for 'Escape to Loader Prompt'.
5. Type: load kernel
6. Type this command to locate the USB drive: lsdev
7. Assuming the USB drive is disk2s1, type this command:
load disk2s1:aacu.ko
8. Type this command: boot
9. Complete the FreeBSD installation, as usual. When nished, remove the installation CD, but not the
USB driver disk, then reboot.
Note: Be sure the system is congured to boot from the controller's bootable
array, not the USB drive!
10. To ensure that the driver is loaded automatically as a module at boot time, repeat Steps 4-7, then
complete the steps below.
11. Type this command to boot to the kernel: boot
12. Login as root, then type:
dmesg
13. Assuming the USB drive is da1s1, type this command to mount the drive:
mount -t msdosfs /dev/da1s1 /mnt
14. Install the driver package:
pkg_add /mnt/aac9x-amd64.tgz
Note: The distribution also includes driver packages for FreeBSD 8.
15. Reboot the computer.
Installing with VMware ESX 4.1
Note: Use the following procedure to install the controller driver with VMware ESX
4.1.
Note: You will need your VMware Installation CD to complete this task. You must
have root privileges to create and install the driver image.
To install the Adaptec RAID controller driver while installing VMware ESX 4.1:
1. Insert the VMware Installation CD.
2. Restart your computer.
3. Follow the on-screen instructions to begin the VMware installation.
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4. Select Yes to install a custom driver, then click Add.
5. Insert the CD containing the driver, then click OK.
6. Select the driver from the displayed list, click OK, then follow the on-screen instructions to load the
driver.
7. Complete the VMware installation, following the on-screen instructions.
8. Reboot your computer, then remove the VMware Installation CD.
Note: You may see a warning that the controller driver is not certied by VMware
(no signature attached). You can ignore this message.
Installing with VMware ESXi 5.x
Note: You will need a writable CD to complete this task. You must have administrator
privileges to create the driver disk and install the driver image.
To install the Adaptec RAID controller driver with VMware ESXi 5.x, you must create a custom boot
image using the VMware Image Builder tool. The VMware Image Builder is distributed as a snap-in
component for vSphere PowerCLI, a command-line and scripting tool from VMware based on Microsoft
PowerShell.
You can download PowerCLI from the VMware Download Center at www.vmware.com/downloads. To
perform the installation, you will also need to download the VMware ESXi5.x Standard Software Depot
from the VMware Download Center.
Note: In the following instructions, perform Steps 1-7 on the Windows machine used
to build the custom boot image, and Steps 8-11 on the machine where you want to
install the custom image. Be sure to install the prerequisite software rst, including
Powershell and Microsoft .NET 2.0, before you install PowerCLI or create the custom
boot image.
To install the Adaptec RAID controller driver while installing VMware ESXi 5.x:
1. Download Microsoft PowerShell and Microsoft .NET 2.0 (if not installed on your machine already)
and install on your Windows build machine. You can download PowerShell and Microsoft .NET from
the Microsoft Download Center at www.microsoft.com/download.
Note: PowerShell is preinstalled on many Windows systems, including Windows
Server 2012, Windows 7, and Windows 8.
2. Download andinstall vSphere PowerCLI onyour Windows build machine. You can download PowerCLI
from the VMware Download Center at www.vmware.com/downloads (for example,
VMware-PowerCLI-5.0.0-374833.exe).
3. Run PowerShell as Administrator, then set the execution policy to Remote Signed:
# Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned
4. Download the VMware ESXi5.x Standard Software Depot (for example,
vmware-ESXi-5.0.0-469512-depot.zip or vmware-ESXi-5.1.0-799733-depot.zip) and
store in atemporary location on your Windows build machine. You candownload the softwaredepot
from the VMware Download Center atwww.vmware.com/downloads. When you start the download,
be sure to choose "ESXi Ofine Bundle".
Note: You may need to provide account credentials to download the software
depot from the VMware Web site.
5. Insert the Adaptec Installation DVD, navigate to the Linux driver folder, then copy the Adaptec
AACRAID driver binary to a temporary location on the Windows build machine:
DescriptionOptions
aacraid-esxi5.0-1.2.1.xxxxx.zipESXi 5.0
aacraid-esxi5.1-1.2.1.xxxxx.zipESXi 5.1
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where xxxxx is the build number.
After you copy the le, remove the Adaptec Installation DVD.
6. Launch vSphere PowerCLI, then follow the steps below to create the custom boot image:
a) At the PowerCLI prompt, addthe VMware Image Buildersnap-in by running the following cmdlet:
# Add-PSSnapIn VMware.ImageBuilder
Note: You will see a message if the Image Builder snap-in is already installed.
You can ignore this message.
Note: Continue using PowerCLI in Steps 6.b through 6.j.
b) Add the VMware ESXi 5.x Software Depots:
VMware ESXi 5.0:
# Add-EsxSoftwareDepot
C:\ESXi5.0-PMC-CustomISO\vmware-ESXi-5.0.0-469512-depot.zip
VMware ESXi 5.1:
# Add-EsxSoftwareDepot
C:\ESXi5.1-PMC-CustomISO\vmware-ESXi-5.1.0-799733-depot.zip
where C:\ESXi5.x-PMC-CustomISO is the temporary folder on your build machine where the
software depot is stored.
c) Add the AACRAID driver binary as a software depot (where xxxxx is the build number):
VMware ESXi 5.0:
# Add-EsxSoftwareDepot
C:\ESXi5.0-PMC-CustomISO\aacraid-esxi5.0-1.2.1.xxxxx.zip
VMware ESXi 5.1:
# Add-EsxSoftwareDepot
C:\ESXi5.1-PMC-CustomISO\aacraid-esxi5.1-1.2.1.xxxxx.zip
where C:\ESXi5.x-PMC-CustomISO is the temporary folder on your build machine where the
software depot is stored.
d) Verify that the software depots are added:
# $DefaultSoftwareDepots
e) List ESX Image Proles:
# Get-EsxImageProfile
You should see a display similar to this:
ESXi-5.1.0-799733-no-tools
ESXi-5.1.0-799733-standard
f) Create a copy of the standard image prole, using the -CloneProle option:
VMware ESXi 5.0:
# New-EsxImageProfile -CloneProfile ESXi-5.0.0-469512-standard -Name
"ESXi 5.0 Adaptec Series 7"
VMware ESXi 5.1:
# New-EsxImageProfile -CloneProfile ESXi-5.1.0-799733-standard -Name
"ESXi 5.1 Adaptec Series 7"
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g) Change the vendor and acceptance level of the new image prole:
VMware ESXi 5.0:
# Set-EsxImageProfile -ImageProfile "ESXi 5.0 Adaptec Series 7" -vendor
PMC-Sierra -AcceptanceLevel VMwareCertified
VMware ESXi 5.1:
# Set-EsxImageProfile -ImageProfile "ESXi 5.1 Adaptec Series 7" -vendor
PMC-Sierra -AcceptanceLevel VMwareCertified
h) Check if the new driver package is available:
# Get-EsxSoftwarePackage
You should see a line like this:
scsi-aacraid 5.1.5.2.1.29900-1 Adaptec_Inc 7/24/201...
i) Add the scsi-aacraid software package to the new image prole:
VMware ESXi 5.0:
# Add-EsxSoftwarePackage -ImageProfile "ESXi 5.0 Adaptec Series 7"
-SoftwarePackage scsi-aacraid
VMware ESXi 5.1:
# Add-EsxSoftwarePackage -ImageProfile "ESXi 5.1 Adaptec Series 7"
-SoftwarePackage scsi-aacraid
j) Export the custom ISO image:
VMware ESXi 5.0:
# Export-EsxImageProfile -ImageProfile "ESXi 5.0 Adaptec Series 7"
-FilePath C:\ESXi5.0-PMC-CustomISO\ESXi5.0-PMC-Sierra-Series-7.iso
-NoSignatureCheck -ExportToISO
VMware ESXi 5.1:
# Export-EsxImageProfile -ImageProfile "ESXi 5.1 Adaptec Series 7"
-FilePath C:\ESXi5.1-PMC-CustomISO\ESXi5.1-PMC-Sierra-Series-7.iso
-NoSignatureCheck -ExportToISO
where -FilePath species the path to the custom iso image.
7. Burn the custom ISO image to a writable CD.
Note: Use whatever tool you prefer to burn the CD, such as an interactive
(GUI-based) tool or a command line tool.
Remove the CD after you nish burning the image.
8. On the VMware ESXi machine, insert the custom boot CD, then restart your computer.
9. Follow the on-screen instructions to begin the VMware installation.
10. Complete the VMware installation, following the on-screen instructions.
11. Remove the custom boot CD, then reboot your computer.
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8 Installing the Driver on an Existing Operating System
This chapter explains how to install your Adaptec RAID controller driver on an existing operating system.
Note: To install the driver while you're installing an operating system, see Installing
the Driver and an Operating System on page 48.
Before You Begin
Before you begin, install andconnect your Adaptec RAID controller and internal disk drives (see Installing
the Controller and Disk Drives on page 36).
You must also create a driver disk before you begin installing the controller driver.
Note: For up-to-date operating system version support, visit the Adaptec Web Site
at www.adaptec.com. From the main menu select Support>Knowledgebase>Find
Answers. Select your controller type and OS support to generate a list of supported
operating systems and to download the latest drivers.
Creating a Driver Disk
This section describes how to create a driver disk for operating systems that require one. You will need
a USB ash drive to complete this task.
• Windows operating systems do not require a driver disk; see Installing on Windows on page 59.
• For Debian Linux, the driver is loaded directly from the OS installation DVD; see Installing on Debian
Linux on page 60.
• For FreeBSD and VMware, you must copy the driver from the installation DVD and install it from the
local system; see Installing on FreeBSD on page 61 and Installing on VMware on page 62.
• For all other OSs, create the driver disk using the Create Diskette menu on the Adaptec Installation
DVD.
To create a driver disk using the Create Diskette menu:
1. Set your system BIOS so that your computer boots from the DVD drive.
2. Turn on your computer, then insert the Adaptec Installation DVD.
3. Click Create Diskette, then select your operating system and version.
4. When prompted, insert a USB ash drive, then click OK.
The system creates the driver disk on the USB drive.
5. Remove and label the driver disk.
6. Continue with the instructions for your operating system:
• For Red Hat, Cent OS, SuSE, or Fedora Linux, see Installing on Red Hat, Cent OS, SuSE, or Fedora
Linux on page 60.
• For Ubuntu Linux, see Installing on Ubuntu Linux on page 60.
• For Solaris, see Installing on Solaris on page 61.
Installing on Windows
Note: The following instructions apply to all supported Windows operating systems.
To install the driver on Windows:
1. Start or restart Windows.
The Found New Hardware Wizard opens and searches for the driver.
2. Insert the driver disk, then select Locate and Install Driver Software.... and Don't Search Online.
3. Click Next, then click Close.
4. When the installation is complete, remove the driver disk and restart your computer.
5. Continue with Managing Your Storage Space on page 64.
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Installing on Red Hat, Cent OS, SuSE, or Fedora Linux
To install the driver on Red Hat Linux, Cent OS, SuSE Linux, or Fedora Linux:
1. Insert and mount the Adaptec Installation DVD:
DescriptionOptions
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdromRed Hat, Cent OS:
mount /dev/cdrom /media/cdromSuSE:
mount /dev/hdc /mnt/cdromFedora:
2. Install the module RPM:
rpm -ivh mount-point/xxx/yyy.rpm
where mount-point is the mount point on the Linux system, xxx is the driver path, and yyy.rpm is
the rpm le.
3. Reboot your computer to ensure the driver loaded correctly.
4. Continue with Managing Your Storage Space on page 64.
Installing on Debian Linux
Note: You must have root privileges to install the driver image. For Debian Linux, the
su command is sufcient.
To install the driver on Debian Linux:
1. Insert and mount the Debian Installation DVD:
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
2. Load the Debian unpacking tools:
apt-get install build-essential
3. Install the DEB driver package (where xxxxx is the build number):
dpkg -i aacraid-1.2.1-xxxxx-Debian6.0-all.deb
4. Reboot your computer to ensure the driver loaded correctly.
5. Continue with Managing Your Storage Space on page 64.
Installing on Ubuntu Linux
Note: For driver installation onUbuntu Linux,you may need to create the root account
and password. Enter these commands: sudo bash; sudo passwd root. You
must have root privileges to install the driver image.
To install the driver on Ubuntu Linux:
1. Update the Ubuntu package index:
sudo apt-get update
2. Load the Ubuntu unpacking tools:
sudo apt-get install build-essential
3. Install the DEB driver package (where xxxxx is the build number):
Ubuntu 10.x:
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sudo dpkg -i aacraid-1.2.1-xxxxx-Debian+Ubuntu-all.deb
Ubuntu 11.x and Ubuntu 12.x:
sudo dpkg -i aacraid-1.2.1-xxxxx-Ubuntu11.04+11.10+12.04-all.deb
4. Reboot your computer to ensure the driver loaded correctly.
5. Continue with Managing Your Storage Space on page 64.
Installing on Solaris
To install the driver on Solaris:
1. Start your computer.
2. (Solaris 10 only) Check for any pre-existing Adaptec driver by running pkginfo SUNWaac in a
terminal window . If there is no pre-existing Adaptec driver on your computer, continue with Step
3. If an Adaptec driver is already installed on your computer, run pkgrm SUNWaac to remove it.
Caution: If your operating system currently boots from the Adaptec controller,
do not reset your computer after you remove the pre-existing Adaptec driver.
Instead, follow the steps in this section to install a new driver before rebooting
your computer.
3. Insert and mount the driver disk:
volcheck
4. Change to the driver installer directory:
Solaris 10:
cd /rmdisk/aacraid/DU/sol_210/i86pc/Tools
Solaris 11:
cd /rmdisk/aacraid/DU/sol_211/i86pc/Tools
5. Start the driver installer:
./install.sh -i
6. Remove the driver disk, then reboot your computer.
7. Continue with Managing Your Storage Space on page 64.
Installing on FreeBSD
To install the driver on FreeBSD:
1. Start your computer.
2. Insert and mount the driver disk:
mount -t msdos /dev/fd1 /mnt
3. Copy the driver package to the /tmp directory:
cp /mnt/aac8x-i386.tgz /tmp
4. Install the driver package:
pkg_add /tmp/aac8x-i386.tgz
5. Remove the driver disk, then reboot your computer.
6. Continue with Managing Your Storage Space on page 64.
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Installing on VMware
Note: You must remove the old driver before you can install the new one. You must
have root privilege to install the new driver.
Note: To copy the driver VIB le to the VMware ESX/ESXi server (in Step 2 below),
you must have access to a remote copy utility, such as WinSCP, putty, or Linux scp.
To install the driver on VMware:
1. At the VMware console screen, type these commands to remove the old driver:
VMware ESX 4.1:
esxupdate query --vib-view | grep -i aacraid (list driver packages)
esxupdate -b <vibID> --maintenancemode remove (remove package)
where vibID is the full name of the driver package.
Note: For VMware 4.0 or earlier, use the rpm -e command to remove the driver.
VMware ESXi 5.x:
esxcli software vib list | grep -i aacraid (list driver packages)
esxcli software vib remove --vibname=scsi-aacraid --maintenance-mode (remove
package)
2. Using a remote copy utility, copy the driver VIB le for your operating system version from the Linux
driver folder on the installation DVD to a local directory on the ESX server. This example uses Linux
scp to copy the driver to /tmp/aacraid (where xxxxx is the build number):
VMware ESX 4.1:
scp
/mnt/cdrom/linux/driver/vmware-esx-drivers-scsi-aacraid-400.4.2.1.xxxxx-1.0.4.260247.x86_64.vib
root@<esx-server-ip>:/tmp/aacraid
VMware ESXi 5.0:
scp
/mnt/cdrom/linux/driver/vmware-esxi-drivers-scsi-aacraid-500.5.2.1.xxxxx.-1.0.5.472560.x86_64.vib
root@<esx-server-ip>:/tmp/aacraid
VMware ESXi 5.1:
scp
/mnt/cdrom/linux/driver/vmware-esxi-drivers-scsi-aacraid-510.5.2.1.xxxxx.-1.1.5.799733.x86_64.vib
root@<esx-server-ip>:/tmp/aacraid
Note: Due to le name limits on the installation DVD, the “_64.vib” portion of the
le name may be truncated and not visible.
3. Install the VIB module (where xxxxx is the build number):
VMware ESX 4.1:
esxupdate -b
/tmp/aacraid/vmware-esx-drivers-scsi-aacraid-400.4.2.1.xxxxx-1.0.4.260247.x86_64.vib
--nodeps --nosigcheck --maintenancemode update
VMware ESXi 5.0:
esxcli software vib install -f -v
file:/tmp/aacraid/vmware-esxi-drivers-scsi-aacraid-500.5.2.1.xxxxx.-1.0.5.472560.x86_64.vib
VMware ESXi 5.1:
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esxcli software vib install -f -v
file:/tmp/aacraid/vmware-esxi-drivers-scsi-aacraid-510.5.2.1.xxxxx.-1.1.5.799733.x86_64.vib
4. Reboot your computer.
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9 Managing Your Storage Space
Once you have installed your Adaptec RAID controller, disk drives (or other devices), and device driver,
you can begin to build and manage your storage space.
This chapter introduces maxView Storage Manager, and describes the other utilities included with your
Adaptec RAID controller.
About maxView Storage Manager
maxView Storage Manager is a browser-based software application that helps you build a storage space
for your online data, using Adaptec RAID controllers and disk drives.
With maxView Storage Manager, you can group disk drives into logical drives and build in redundancy
to protect your data and improve system performance.
From a single workstation, you can use maxView Storage Manager to monitor and manage all the
controllers and disk drives in your storage space.
When maxView Storage Manager is installed on a computer, the maxView Storage Manager Agent (and
other related services) is also installed automatically. The Agent is designed to run in the background,
without user intervention. Its job is to monitor system health, manage event notications, task schedules,
and other on-going processes on a system. It sends notices when tasks are completed successfully, and
noties you when errors or failures occur on that system.
If your storage space includes systems that won't beconnected to monitors (andtherefore won'trequire
the graphical user interface), you can choose to run the Agent only on those systems instead of the full
application. For more information, refer to the maxView Storage Manager User’s Guide on the Adaptec
Installation DVD.
Serial Attached SCSI RAID Controllers Installation and User's Guide
Installing maxView Storage Manager
maxView Storage Manager is included on the Adaptec Installation DVD. For installation instructions,
refer to the maxView Storage Manager User’s Guide, in the books folder on the installation DVD.
About the Adaptec RAID Controller Conguration Utility
The Adaptec RAID Controller Conguration (ARCCONF) is a command line utility that you can use to
perform basic array and conguration management functions.
With ARCCONF, you can:
• Create and delete logical drives
• Modify and copy conguration settings
• Recover from disk drive failures and troubleshoot your system
ARCCONF is described in the Adaptec RAID Controller Command Line Utility User’s Guide, which is
included on the Adaptec Installation DVD.
About the Adaptec RAID Conguration Utility
The Adaptec RAID Conguration (ARC) utility is a BIOS-based utility that you can use to create and
manage controllers, disk drives and other devices, and arrays. The ARC utility comprises these tools:
• Logical Device Conguration—For creating and managing arrays, and initializing and rescanning disk
drives.
• Controller Settings—For modifying your controller and disk drive settings.
• Disk Utilities—For formatting or verifying disk drives.
The ARC utility is included in your controller's BIOS. For more information, see Using the Adaptec RAID
Conguration Utility on page 82.
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Note: The ARC utility is primarily intended for pre-operating system installation
conguration.
About the Adaptec Flash Utility
The Adaptec Flash Utility (AFU) is a text-based DOS utility that you can use to update, save, or verify
your RAID controller's rmware.
Caution: Although the AFU contains safeguards to prevent you from accidentally
damaging your RAID controller's ash contents, it is still important to use the AFU
carefully and correctly to avoid rendering your RAID controller inoperable. We
recommend that only advanced users familiar with working in DOS use the AFU. You
can also use maxView Storage Manager to update the controller rmware. See the
maxView Storage Manager User’s Guide for more information.
Which Utility Should I Use?
To create a bootable array, we recommend that you use the BIOS-based ARC utility (See Using the
Adaptec RAID Conguration Utility on page 82).
For subsequent storage management tasks on most supported operating systems, including VMware
Guest OSs, we recommend that you install and use maxView Storage Manager (see About maxView
Storage Manager on page 64). As a full-featured software application with a graphical user interface,
it is the easiest to use and offers the widest range of management functions. For operating systems
that do not support the maxView Storage Manager GUI, such as FreeBSD, use the ARCCONF command
line utility to congure and manage arrays.
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10 Solving Problems
This chapter provides basic troubleshooting information and solutions for solving controller problems.
Troubleshooting Checklist
If you encounter difculties installing or using your Adaptec RAID controller, check these items rst:
• With your computer powered off, check the connections to each disk drive, power supply, LED
connector, and so on.
Try disconnecting and reconnecting disk drives from the Adaptec RAID controller.
• Check that your Adaptec RAID controller is installed in a compatible PCIe expansion slot. To
double-check the bus compatibility of your controller, see About Your RAID Controller on page 17.
• Ensure that your Adaptec RAID controller is rmly seated and secured in the PCIe expansion slot.
• If your Adaptec RAID controller is not detected during system boot, try installing it in a different
compatible expansion slot. (See Installing the Controller on page 36 for instructions.)
• Did the driver install correctly?
• If you have external disk drives (or other devices), are they powered on?
• Check the Readme on the installation DVD for compatibility issues and known problems.
If you are still unable to resolve a problem, you can nd additional troubleshooting information and
direction on the Adaptec Web site at www.adaptec.com or the Support Knowledgebase at
ask.adaptec.com.
Serial Attached SCSI RAID Controllers Installation and User's Guide
Monitoring Disk Drives Status
You can use the ‘blink’ feature in maxView Storage Manager to monitor the status of your SAS and SATA
disk drives. When you blink a specic disk drive or set of disk drives, the LED(s) on the selected disk
drives ash.
This table describes the LED ash states.
LED Flash StateSlot StateController Device State
OnDevice is faultyFailed
Slow ashDevice is rebuildingRebuilding
Fast ashIdentify the deviceBlink
OffNo errorOther
For more information about using maxView Storage Manager to monitor your disk drives, refer to the
maxView Storage Manager User’s Guide or the online Help.
Silencing the Alarm
If your Adaptec RAID controller includes an alarm, the alarm will sound when an error occurs. To silence
the alarm, use maxView Storage Manager (see Managing Your Storage Space on page 64.) OR the ARC
utility (see Modifying Your Controller’s Conguration on page 87.)
Recovering from a Disk Drive Failure
This section explains how to recover when a disk drive or SSD fails:
• If the array was protected by a hot spare, see Failed Disk Drive Protected by a Hot Spare on page
67.
• If the array was not protected by a hot spare, see Failed Disk Drive Not Protected by a Hot Spare on
page 67.
• If there is a disk drive failure in more than one array simultaneously, see Failure in Multiple Arrays
Simultaneously on page 67.
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• If it is a RAID 0 array, see Disk Drive Failure in a RAID 0 Array on page 67.
• If multiple disk drives fail within the same array, see Multiple Failures in the Same Array on page
67.
• If the drive is part of the maxCache Container, see Failed SSD in maxCache Container on page 68.
Note: maxView Storage Manager uses the term logical drives or logical devices when
referring to arrays (see Terminology Used in this Guide on page 14).
Failed Disk Drive Protected by a Hot Spare
When an array is protected by a hot spare, if a disk drive in that array fails the hot spare is automatically
incorporated into the array and takes over for the failed drive.
To recover from the failure:
1. Remove and replace the failed disk drive.
2. If copyback is not enabled—In maxView Storage Manager, remove the ‘hot spare’ designation from
the original hot spare (the disk drive that was built into the array). Then, designate a new hot spare
to protect the arrays on that controller.
If copyback is enabled—Data is automatically moved back to its original location once the controller
detects that the failed drive has been replaced. No action is required.
Failed Disk Drive Not Protected by a Hot Spare
When an array is not protected by a hot spare, if a disk drive in that array fails, remove and replace the
failed disk drive. The controller detects the new disk drive and begins to rebuild the array.
If the controller fails to rebuild the array, check that the cables, disk drives, and controllers are properly
installed and connected. Make sure that the new disk drive is equal or greater in size than the failed
disk drive. Then, if necessary, use maxView Storage Manager to rebuild the array. For instructions, refer
to the maxView Storage Manager User’s Guide or online Help.
Failure in Multiple Arrays Simultaneously
If there's a disk drive failure in more than one array at the same time (one failure per array), and the
arrays have hot spares protecting them, the controller rebuilds the arrays with these limitations:
• A hot spare must be of equal or greater size than the failed disk drive it's replacing.
• Failed disk drives are replaced with hot spares in the order in which they failed. (The array that
includes the disk drive that failed rst is rebuilt rst, assuming an appropriate hot spare is
available—see bullet above.)
If there are more disk drive failures than hot spares, see Failed Disk Drive Not Protected by a Hot Spare
on page 67.
If copyback is enabled, data is moved back to its original location once the controller detects that the
failed drive has been replaced.
Disk Drive Failure in a RAID 0 Array
Because RAID 0 volumes do not include redundancy, if a disk drive fails in a RAID 0 array, the data can’t
be recovered.
Correct the cause of the failure or replace the failed disk drives. Then, restore your data (if available).
Multiple Failures in the Same Array
Except in RAID 6 and RAID 60 arrays (see Understanding RAID on page 74), if more than one disk drive
fails at the same time in the same array, the data normally can't be recovered.
You may be able to recover the data by forcing the logical drive online or by recreating the logical drive
without the initialization step. You can use the BIOS utility, ARC(see Aboutthe Adaptec RAID Conguration
Utility on page 64), the command-line utility, ARCCONF, or maxView Storage Manager. For more
information, refer to the Adaptec RAID Controller Command Line Interface User’sGuide and the maxView
Storage Manager User's Guide.
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Note: In some instances, RAID 10 and RAID 50 arrays may survive multiple disk drive
failures, depending on which disk drives fail.
Failed SSD in maxCache Container
Because the maxCache Container is a redundant logical device, comprised of SSDs only, it is rebuilt
automatically when a failed SSD is replaced, just like an ordinary array. Once you identify the failed SSD,
for example, by using maxView Storage Manager's rapid fault isolation feature, replace it with a new
one (see Connecting Solid State Drives (SSDs) on page 41). The controller detects the new SSD and
begins rebuilding the maxCache Container.
Resetting the Controller
You may need to reset, or ash, your Adaptec RAID controller if it becomes inoperable or if a rmware
upgrade is unsuccessful. Adaptec RAID controllers support a reset protocol called HDA mode ash. For
information about HDA mode, see the Readme on the installation DVD or contact your support
representative. To locate the ash jumper on your RAID controller board, see the illustrations in About
Your RAID Controller on page 17.
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A Introduction to SAS
This section provides a basic overview of the main features of SAS, introduces some common SASterms,
and explains how SAS differs from parallel SCSI.
Note: For technical articles and tutorials about SAS, refer to the SCSI Trade Association
(STA™) Web site at www.scsita.org.
Terminology Used in This Appendix
For convenience, SAS HBAs and SAS RAID controllers are referred to generically in this chapter as SAS
cards. HBAs, RAID controllers, disk drives, and external disk drive enclosures are referred to as end
devices and expanders are referred to as expander devices.
For convenience, this chapter refers to end devices and expander devices collectively as SAS devices.
What is SAS?
Legacy parallel SCSI is an interface that lets devices such as computers and disk drives communicate
with each other. Parallel SCSI moves multiple bits of data in parallel (at the same time), using the SCSI
command set.
SAS is an evolution of parallel SCSI to a point-to-point serial interface. SAS also uses the SCSI command
set, butmoves multiple bits of data one at a time. SAS links end devices through direct-attach connections,
or through expander devices.
SAS cards can typically support up to 128 end devices and can communicate with both SAS and SATA
devices. (You can add 128 end devices—or even more—with the use of SAS expanders. See SAS Expander
Connections on page 72.)
Note: Although you can use both SAS and SATA disk drives in the same SAS domain
(see SAS Expander Connections on page 72), we recommend that you do not combine
SAS and SATA disk drives within the same array or logical drive. The difference in
performance between the two types of disk drives may adversely affect the
performance of the array.
Data can move in both directions simultaneously across a SAS connection (called a link—see How Do
SAS Devices Communicate? on page 69). Link speed is 300 MB/sec in half-duplex mode. Therefore, a
SAS card with eight links has a bandwidth of 2400 MB/sec.
Although they share the SCSI command set, SAS is conceptually different from parallel SCSI physically,
and has its own types of connectors, cables, connection options, and terminology, as described in the
rest of this chapter.
To compare SAS to parallel SCSI, see How is SAS Different from Parallel SCSI? on page 73.
Serial Attached SCSI RAID Controllers Installation and User's Guide
How Do SAS Devices Communicate?
SAS devices communicate with each other through links. A link is a physical connection between two
phys.
As shown in the following gure, SAS devices contain ports (see What’s a SAS Port? on page 70), ports
contain phys, and each phy contains one transmitter and one receiver—one transceiver. A phy can
belong to one port only.
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Wide
Port
Wide
Port
Phy
Receiver
Transmitter
Phy
Receiver
Transmitter
Phy
Receiver
Transmitter
Phy
Receiver
Transmitter
Phy
Receiver
Transmitter
Phy
Receiver
Transmitter
Phy
Receiver
Transmitter
Narrow
Port
Phy
Receiver
Transmitter Narrow
Port
SAS DeviceSAS Device
SAS Device
Phy
Receiver
Transmitter
Phy
Receiver
Transmitter
Phy
Receiver
Transmitter
Phy
Receiver
Transmitter
Phy
Receiver
Transmitter
Phy
Receiver
Transmitter
Wide
Port
Wide
Port
SAS Device
link
Serial Attached SCSI RAID Controllers Installation and User's Guide
What’s a Phy?
Phys are part of the physical communication connection between SAS devices. Each phy contains a
transceiver that sends data back and forth between SAS devices.
When a connection is formed between two end devices, a link is established from a phy in one port to
a phy in the other port. As shown in the gure above, a wide port can support multiple independent
links simultaneously.
Phys are internal, within SAS connectors (see What’s a SAS Connector? on page 71).
SAS cables physically connect one or more phys on one SAS device to one or more phys on another SAS
device.
What’s a SAS Port?
Note: Because the physical link between SAS devices is from phy to phy, rather than
port to port, a “port” is more of a virtual concept, different from what is normally
considered a port on other types of RAID controllers and storage devices.
A port is one or more phys. A narrow port contains one phy. A wide port typically contains four phys.
Each port has its own unique SAS address (see How are Disk Drives Identied in SAS? on page 71), and
all the phys in a port share that same SAS address.
SAS card port options vary. A SAS card with four phys could be congured with one wide port, with two
wide ports that comprise two phys, or with four narrow ports each containing one phy. (A wide port
with four phys is referred to as a 4-wide or 4x port.)
What’s a SAS Address?
Each SAS port is identied with a unique SAS address, which is shared by all phys on that port.
For example, a SAS disk drive might have two narrow ports. Each port has one unique SAS address. The
single phy in each port uses its port’s SAS address.
In another example, a SAS device might have one 4-wide port. That port has one SAS address, which is
shared by all four phys in the port.
Unlike SCSI devices and SCSI IDs, SAS devices self-congure their SAS addresses. User intervention is
not required to set SAS addresses, and SAS addresses cannot be modied.
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What’s a SAS Connector?
A SAS or mini-SAS connector is the physical plug or receptacle that you see on a SAS device. It’s what
you plug a SAS cable into, or the end of the SAS cable that’s being plugged in. (See Cables on page 31.)
A connector is what forms physical links between phys. SomeSAS connectors can support multiple links.
The number of links a SAS connector can support is referred to as its width. Narrow connectors support
a single link; wide connectors supports more than 1 link.
A single SAS device may have one or more connectors. A single SAS connector may help form links
between more than two SAS devices. (For instance, as shown in the gure in Connecting Drives Directly
to the Controller on page 41, the 4-wide internal SAS connector forms links with four independent disk
drives.)
What do SAS Cables Look Like?
Internal standard SAS cables are narrower than internal parallel SCSI cables. The connectors vary in size
depending on the number of links they support, from single link connectors to 4-wide (or larger)
connectors. Internal fan-out cables let you attach four disk drives to a single 4-wide connector.
Mini-SAS connectors support both internal and external SAS connections. The mini-SAS connectors are
smaller than the standard SAS internal and external connectors. Mini-SAS connectors support single
and multilinks with the ability to scale to future speed needs.
For examples of some internal SAS/mini-SAS cables and an external SAS/mini-SAS cables, see Cables on
page 31.
How are Disk Drives Identied in SAS?
In the BIOS and in the management utilities (see Identifying Disk Drives on page 90), disk drives are
identied in the following formats:
• CNX:DevY = Device Y is attached to Connector X (see Direct-attach Connections on page 71 for more
information)
• BoxX:SlotX = Enclosure X is attached to a disk drive in Slot X (see Backplane Connections on page
72 for more information)
• ExpX:PhyX = Expander X is attached to Phy X (see SAS Expander Connections on page 72 for more
information)
where X is the count number.
Note: Devices other than disk drives (CDROM, tape drives, etc...) are listed in order
after your system disk drives.
In parallel SCSI, XX is the disk drive’s channel number, YY is the target number, and ZZ is the logical unit
number (LUN).
What are the SAS Connection Options?
You can connect end devices to each other through direct cable connections and through backplane
connections. When you use one or more expander devices (see SAS Expander Connections on page 72),
you can create large congurations.
Direct-attach Connections
In a direct-attach connection, SAS or SATA disk drives are connected directly to a SAS card with SAS or
mini-SAS cables. One disk drive is attached to one SAS/mini-SAS connector with one SAS/mini-SAS cable
(or multiple disk drives are attached to one SAS/mini-SAS connector with one fan-out cable). The gure
in Connecting Drives Directly to the Controller on page 41 shows an example of direct-attach connections.
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The number of direct-attached disk drives is limited to the number of phys supported by the SAS card.
(Note that there may be multiple phys within a single connector. See SAS Expander Connections on page
72.)
Backplane Connections
In a backplane connection, disk drives and SAS cards are attached to and communicate with each other
through a system backplane.
There are two types of backplane connections, passive and active. When connectingto either backplane,
it’s important to properly connect your disk drive LEDs in order to identify disk drive conditions. See
About Your RAID Controller on page 17 for your RAID controller Activity LED connections and locations.
Once you have connected to a backplane, use maxView Storage Manager to manage your disk drives.
For more information, refer to the maxView Storage Manager User’s Guide on the Adaptec Installation
DVD.
The number of end devices is limited to the number of slots available on the backplane. For example,
the Adaptec S50 enclosure, which contains an expander, is a backplane connection that supports up to
12 SAS or SATA disk drives.
Some backplanes support daisy-chain expansion to other backplanes. For example, you can daisy-chain
(connect one to the next) up to nine Adaptec S50 enclosures to a single SAS card in a host system.
SAS Expander Connections
A SAS expander device literally expands the number of end devices that you can connect together.
Expander devices, typically embedded into a system backplane (see Backplane Connections on page
72), support large congurations of SAS end devices, including SAS cards and SAS and SATA disk drives.
With expander devices, you can build large and complex storage topologies.
There are two types of SAS expanders: fanout expanders and edge expanders. Each performs a different
role in a storage system. (For more information about how SAS expanders work, refer to the STA Web
site at www.scsita.org.)
You canconnect up to 128 SASports to an edge expander. (Asingle edge expander can therefore support
up to 128 SAS addresses.)
You can connect up to 128 edge expanders to a fanout expander.
You can use only one fanout expander in any single SAS domain (a topology of SAS—and possibly
SATA—end devices and expander devices). A single SAS domain can therefore comprise up to 16,384
SAS ports (and therefore up to 16,384 SAS addresses including the fanout expander).
The next gure illustrates (in very basic terms) a SAS domain and shows how SAS cards, SAS and SATA
disk drives, and expander devices can t together in a large data storage topology.
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Serial Attached SCSI RAID Controllers Installation and User's Guide
How is SAS Different from Parallel SCSI?
In summary, although SAS and parallel SCSI both use the SCSI command set, how they move data from
one place to another is very different. To support point-to-point serial data transport, SAS introduces
new types of connectors, cables, connection options, and terminology.
Generally speaking, SAS is faster and more exible than parallel SCSI, and provides more options for
building your storage space. SAS lets you mix SAS and SATA disk drives together, and lets you connect
many, many more devices.
This table describes many of the main differences between the two interfaces.
Serial Attached SCSIParallel SCSI
Serial interfaceParallel interface
Maximum speed 320 MB/sec shared by all devices
on the bus
Up to 16 devices per SCSI channel
connected to the same adapter
Maximum speed 300 MB/sec per phy when in half-duplex
mode
Supports SATA and SAS disk drives simultaneouslySupports SCSI devices only
More than 100 disk drives per SAS card, using an expander
(see SAS Expander Connections on page 72) or 50 SATAII
disk drives.
Supports single- and dual-port devicesSupports single-port devices only
Uses uniqueSAS addresses todifferentiate betweendevicesUses SCSI IDs to differentiate between devices
SAS addresses self-congured by SAS devicesUser intervention required to set SCSI IDs
Requires no bus terminationRequires bus termination
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B Understanding RAID
Unused Space = 150 GB
Disk Drive 1
Disk Drive 2
Disk Drive 3
Disk Drive 4
250 GB
250 GB
400 GB
400 GB
Drive Segment Size
(Smallest Disk Drive)
Disk Drive 2
Disk Drive 3
Disk Drive 4
Disk Drive 1
Unused Space = 150 GB
Disk Drives in Logical Drive
RAID 0 Logical Drive = 1000 GB
9971 5 . . .
9982 6 . . .
9993 7 . . .
10004 8 . . .
When you create arrays (or logical drives), you can assign a RAID level to protect your data.
Each RAID level offers a unique combination of performance and redundancy. RAID levels also vary by
the number of disk drives they support.
This appendix describes theRAID levels supportedby your AdaptecRAID controller, and provides a basic
overview of each to help you select the best level of protection for your data storage.
Understanding Drive Segments
A drive segment is a disk drive or portion of a disk drive that is used to create an array. A disk drive can
include both RAID segments (segments that are part of an array) and available segments. Each segment
can be part of only one logical device at a time. If a disk drive is not part of any logical device, the entire
disk is an available segment.
Non-redundant Arrays (RAID 0)
An array with RAID 0 includes two or moredisk drives and provides data striping, where data is distributed
evenly across the disk drives in equal-sized sections. However, RAID 0 arrays do not maintain redundant
data, so they offer no data protection.
Compared to an equal-sized group of independent disks, a RAID 0 array provides improved I/O
performance.
Drive segment size is limited to the size of the smallest disk drive in the array. For instance, an array
with two 250 GB disk drives and two 400 GB disk drives can create a RAID 0 drive segment of 250 GB,
for a total of 1000 GB for the volume, as shown in this gure.
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Disk Drive 2
Disk Drive 1
400 GB
Drive Segment Size
(Smallest Disk Drive)
Disk Drive 1
Disk Drive 2
Disk Drives in Logical Drive
RAID 1 Logical Drive = 250 GB
1 – 250
1 – 250
Unused Space = 150 GB
250 GB
Disk Drive 2 400 GB
400 GB
400 GBDisk Drive 3
Disk Drive 2
Disk Drive 1
Disk Drive 3
3
1
2
6
4
5
Disk Drives in Logical Drive RAID 1E Logical Drive = 600 GB
Disk Drive 1
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RAID 1 Arrays
A RAID 1 array is built from two disk drives, where one disk drive is a mirror of the other (the same data
is stored on each disk drive). Compared to independent disk drives, RAID 1 arrays provide improved
performance, with twice the read rate and an equal write rate of single disks. However, capacity is only
50 percent of independent disk drives.
If the RAID 1 array is built from different- sized disk drives, the free space, drive segment size is the size
of the smaller disk drive, as shown in this gure.
RAID 1 Enhanced Arrays
A RAID 1 Enhanced (RAID 1E) array—also known as a striped mirror—is similar to a RAID 1 array except
that data is both mirrored and striped, and more disk drives can be included. A RAID 1E array can be
built from three or more disk drives.
In this example, the large bold numbers represent the striped data, and the smaller, non-bold numbers
represent the mirrored data stripes.
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Unused Space = 150 GB
Disk Drive 1
Disk Drive 2
Disk Drive 3
Disk Drive 4
250 GB
250 GB
400 GB
400 GB
Drive Segment Size
(Smallest Disk Drive)
Disk Drive 2
Disk Drive 3
Disk Drive 4
Disk Drive 1
Unused Space = 150 GB
Disk Drives in Logical Drive
RAID 10 Logical Drive = 500 GB
4991 3 . . .
5002 4 . . .
4991 3 . . .
5002 4 . . .
Serial Attached SCSI RAID Controllers Installation and User's Guide
RAID 10 Arrays
A RAID 10 array is built from two or more equal-sized RAID 1 arrays. Data in a RAID 10 array is both
striped and mirrored. Mirroring provides data protection, and striping improves performance.
Drive segment size is limited to the size of the smallest disk drive in the array. For instance, an array
with two 250 GB disk drives and two 400 GB disk drives can create two mirrored drive segments of 250
GB, for a total of 500 GB for the array, as shown in this gure.
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Unused Space = 150 GB
Disk Drive 1
Disk Drive 2
Disk Drive 3
Disk Drive 4
250 GB
250 GB
400 GB
400 GB
Drive Segment Size
(Smallest Disk Drive)
Disk Drive 2
Disk Drive 3
Disk Drive 4
Disk Drive 1
Unused Space = 150 GB
Disk Drives in Logical Drive
RAID 5 Logical Drive = 750 GB plus Parity
P1 4 . . .
7482 5 . . .
7493 P . . .
750P 6 . . .
Serial Attached SCSI RAID Controllers Installation and User's Guide
RAID 5 Arrays
A RAID 5 array is built from a minimum of three disk drives, and uses data striping and parity data to
provide redundancy. Parity data provides data protection, and striping improves performance.
Parity data is an error-correcting redundancy that’s used to re-create data if a disk drive fails. In RAID
5 arrays, parity data (represented by Ps in the next gure) is striped evenly across the disk drives with
the stored data.
Drive segment size is limited to the size of the smallest disk drive in the array. For instance, an array
with two 250 GB disk drives and two 400 GB disk drives can contain 750 GB of stored data and 250 GB
of parity data, as shown in this gure.
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Unused Space = 150 GB
Disk Drive 1
Disk Drive 2
Disk Drive 3
Disk Drive 4
250 GB
250 GB
400 GB
400 GB
Drive Segment Size
(Smallest Disk Drive)
Disk Drive 2
Disk Drive 3
Disk Drive 4
Disk Drive 1
Unused Space = 150 GB
Disk Drives in Logical Drive
Based on the drive segment sizes used:
and hot spare
RAID 5EE Logical Drive = 500 GB plus parity
P1 S . . .
4492 P . . .
SS 3 . . .
500P 4 . . .
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RAID 5EE Arrays
A RAID 5EE array—also known as a hot space—is similar to a RAID 5 array except that it includes a
distributed spare drive and must be built from a minimum of four disk drives.
Unlike a hot spare, a distributed spare is striped evenly across the disk drives with the stored data and
parity data, and can’t be shared with other logical disk drives. A distributed spare improves the speed
at which the array is rebuilt following a disk drive failure.
A RAID 5EE array protects your data and increases read and write speeds. However, capacity is reduced
by two disk drives’ worth of space, which is for parity data and spare data.
In this gure, S represents the distributed spare, P represents the distributed parity data.
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RAID 5
B
RAID 50
Logical Drive
=
1000 GB
plus Parity
RAID 5
A
Each RAID 5 Logical Drive has
500 GB Data Storage
250 GB Parity Data
Drive 1
250 GB
Drive 2
250 GB
Drive 3
250 GB
Drive 4
400 GB
Drive 5
400 GB
Drive 6
400 GB
Total Unused
Space = 150 GB
2, 6, P 4, P, 10 P, 8, 121, 5, P 3, P, 9 P, 7, 11
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RAID 50 Arrays
A RAID 50 array is built from six to forty-eight disk drives congured as two or more RAID 5 arrays, and
stripes stored data and parity data across all disk drives in both RAID 5 arrays. (For more information,
see RAID 5 Arrays on page 77.)
The parity data provides data protection, and striping improves performance. RAID 50 arrays also provide
high data transfer speeds.
Drive segment size is limited to the size of the smallest disk drive in the array. For example, three 250
GB disk drives and three 400 GB disk drives comprise two equal-sized RAID 5 arrays with 500 GB of
stored data and 250 GB of parity data. The RAID 50 array can therefore contain 1000 GB (2 x 500 GB)
of stored data and 500 GB of parity data.
In this gure, P represents the distributed parity data.
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Unused Space = 150 GB
Disk Drive 1
Disk Drive 2
Disk Drive 3
Disk Drive 4
250 GB
250 GB
400 GB
400 GB
Drive Segment Size
(Smallest Disk Drive)
Disk Drive 2
Disk Drive 3
Disk Drive 4
Disk Drive 1
Unused Space = 150 GB
Disk Drives in Logical Drive
Based on the drive segment sizes used:
(P1 & P2)
RAID 6 Logical Drive = 500 GB plus parity
P21 P1 . . .
4492 P2 . . .
P1P1 3 . . .
500P2 4 . . .
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RAID 6 Arrays
A RAID 6 array—also known as dual drive failure protection—is similar to a RAID 5 array because it uses
data striping and parity data to provide redundancy. However, RAID 6 arrays include two independent
sets of parity data instead of one. Both sets of parity data are striped separately across all disk drives
in the array.
RAID 6 arrays provide extra protection for your data because they can recover from two simultaneous
disk drive failures. However, theextra parity calculation slows performance (compared toRAID 5 arrays).
RAID 6 arrays must be built from at least four disk drives. Maximum stripe size depends on the number
of disk drives in the array.
RAID 60 Arrays
Similar to a RAID 50 array (see RAID 50 Arrays on page 79), a RAID 60 array—also known as dual drive
failure protection—is built from eight disk drives congured as two or more RAID 6 arrays, and stripes
stored data and two sets of parity data across all disk drives in both RAID 6 arrays.
Two sets of parity data provide enhanced data protection, and striping improves performance. RAID 60
arrays also provide high data transfer speeds.
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Comparing RAID Levels
Use this table to select the RAID levels that are most appropriate for the logical drives on your storage
space, based on the number of available disk drives and your requirements for performance and reliability.
RedundancyRAID Level
Disk Drive
Usage
Read
Performance
Write
Performance
Built-in Hot
Spare
Minimum
Disk Drives
2No******100%NoRAID 0
2No****50%YesRAID 1
3No****50%YesRAID 1E
4No****50%YesRAID 10
3No****67 – 94%YesRAID 5
4Yes****50 – 88%YesRAID 5EE
6No****67 – 94%YesRAID 50
4No***50 – 88%YesRAID 6
8No***50 – 88%YesRAID 60
Disk drive usage, read performance, and write performance depend on the number of drives in the
logical drive. In general, the more drives, the better the performance.
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C Using the Adaptec RAID Conguration Utility
The Adaptec RAID Conguration (ARC) utility is a BIOS-based utility that you can use to create arrays
and manage controllers, disk drives and other devices.
Introduction to the ARC Utility
The ARC utility comprises these tools:
• Logical Device Conguration—For creating and managing arrays, and initializing and rescanning disk
drives (see Using the ARC Utility to Create and Manage Arrays on page 83).
• Controller Settings—For modifying your controller and disk drive settings (see Using the ARC Utility
to Modify Controller Settings on page 87).
• Disk Utilities—For formatting or verifying disk drives (see Formatting and Verifying Disk Drives on
page 89).
Ctrl-A or uEFI/HII?
Your Adaptec RAID controller supports two interfaces to the BIOS-level RAID conguration options of
the ARC utility: Ctrl-A and uEFI/HII. On servers that support the Unied Extensible Firmware Interface,
or uEFI (version 2.10 or higher), the BIOS-level RAID conguration options are presented with a HII
interface, or Human Interaction Infrastructure, rather than the Adaptec Ctrl-A interface described in
this chapter. uEFI/HII provides an architecture-independent mechanism for initializing add-in cards, like
the Adaptec RAID controller, and rendering contents to the screen in a uniform way.
In the HII interface, access to the RAID conguration options is provided through the server's standard
BIOS. How you accessthe BIOS varies, dependingon the manufacturer, but typically it's started by simply
pressing DEL. Once you enter setup, navigate to the "PMC maxView Storage Manager" option, typically
on the BIOS' "Advanced" menu, then scan for and select a controller.
From that point on, the HII menus and the Ctrl-A menus for conguring your RAID controller are almost
identical. For example,the top-most menu contains the same three choices: Logical DeviceConguration,
Controller Settings, Disk Utilities (described above). Options in the lower-level menus are also similar.
In both interfaces, all the tools are menu-based and instructions for completing tasks appear on-screen.
Menus can be navigated using the arrows, Enter, Esc, and other keys on your keyboard.
This chapter provides instructions for navigating and completing tasks with the Ctrl-A interface. To
complete tasks with the HII interface:
• Refer to the on-screen instructions for keyboard navigation and selection options.
• Refer to the option descriptionsin this chapter for detailsabout individualRAID conguration settings
and tasks.
Running the ARC Utility
If your Adaptec controller is connected to a RAID enclosure, power on your enclosure (or enclosures)
before you power on your computer.
Start or restart your computer. When prompted, press Ctrl+A.
During boot up, if your system has insufcient memory this message displays:
“Adaptec RAID Conguration Utility will load after, system initialization. Please wait... Or press <Enter> Key to
attempt loading the utility forcibly [Generally, not recommended]”
Note: The rst time you power on your computer after you install a new controller,
the BIOS may display a conguration that doesn’t match your system’s conguration.
This is normal.
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Using the ARC Utility to Create and Manage Arrays
To use the ARC utility to create and manage arrays, start the ARC utility (see Running the ARC Utility on
page 82), select your controller (if you have more than one), then press Enter. Select Logical Device
Conguration from the ARC main menu, then press Enter.
Follow the on-screen instructions to create and manage arrays, and initialize, rescan, and erase disk
drives.
Creating a New Array
To begin creating an array, select Create Arrays from the Logical Device Conguration menu.
Only disk drives that can be used in a new array are availablefor selection. (Disk drives must be initialized
before they can be used in an array. See Initializing Disk Drives on page 85 for more information.)
Note:
• To create a hybrid array that leverages the performance benets of the SSDs in
your system, you must select an equal number SSDs and HDDs. You can create a
hybrid RAID1 or hybrid RAID10 only.
• When you create an all SSD array, we recommend disabling all caching, including
maxCache caching. If any caching is enabled when you create the array, you will
be prompted to turn caching off.
Use the Array Properties menu to modify the array's RAID level, size, name, stripe size, cache settings,
and maxCache settings.
Note: For more information about RAID levels and using disk drives to create arrays,
see Choosing a RAID Level on page 31. For more information about maxCache, see
Modifying Cache Settings on page 84.
Managing Existing Arrays
To view or modify existing arrays, select Manage Arrays from the Logical Device Conguration menu.
From the Manage Arrays menu, you can:
• View the properties of an array.
Note: Failed drives are displayed in a different text color.
• Make an array bootable (see Creating Bootable Arrays on page 83).
• Assign or remove hot spares.
• Modify power management settings.
• Change the cache settings for an array.
• Delete an array.
Caution: Before deleting an array, back up the data to avoid permanently losing
it.
Creating Bootable Arrays
Note: You may need to change the system BIOS to modify the boot order. For more
information, refer to your computer documentation.
The controller always uses the lowest numbered array as its bootable array.
To make an array bootable:
1. Select Manage Arrays from the Logical Device Conguration menu.
2. Select the array that you want to make bootable, then press Ctrl+B.
Note: You cannot make an array bootable while it's building, verifying, or
rebuilding.
The array's number changes to Array 00, which makes this array the controller's boot array.
3. Restart your computer.
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Modifying Power Management Settings
Power management settings switch the array to low power state when it is inactive for a specic time.
To modify power management settings:
1. Select Manage Arrays from the Logical Device Conguration menu.
2. Select the array, then press Ctrl+W.
In the power management console, enter these details:
DescriptionOption
Power Management
When enabled, switches the array to low power state, when the array/
drive is inactive.
Slow Down Drive After
The duration of inactive state of the array/drive after which it is slowed
down to low power mode. This is an optional setting.
Note: The disk drive should support low power mode.
Power Off Drive After
The duration of inactive state of the array/drive after which it is powered
off. This is an optional setting.
Note: Power Off Drive After duration should be greater
than Slow Down Drive After Duration.
Verify Drive After
The regular time interval at which the system performs a health check
of the array/drive.
Modifying Cache Settings
You can modify the read and write cache settings for an array. You can also modify the maxCache
settings. Adaptec maxCache uses the compatible Solid State Drives (SSDs) in your system as fast cache
memory to improve performance for both read and write operations in I/O-intensive applications with
mixed workloads.
Note: maxCache SSD Caching is supported on Adaptec Series Q controllers only.
To modify the cache settings for an array:
1. Select Manage Arrays from the Logical Device Conguration menu.
2. Select the array, then press Ctrl+C.
The Modify Cache Settings window opens.
3. Enable or disable read caching.
4. Press Tab.
5. Enable or disable write caching:
• Select Enable always for “write-back” caching
• Select Enable with ZMM if your controller has battery backup or a zero-maintenance cache
protection module
• Select Disable for “write-through” caching
6. Press Tab.
7. Select the maxCache Read Cache setting (Enable/Disable).
8. Select the maxCache Write Cache setting (Enable/Disable).
9. Press Enter to accept the values.
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Initializing Disk Drives
If a disk drive appears grayed-out (unavailable for use in a new array), it may need to be initialized.
To begin initializing a disk drive, select Initialize Drives from the Logical Device Conguration menu.
You can initialize one drive or multiple drives. If an error occurs during initialization, the message
“Initializing drives...FAILED x of n” is displayed. Press Enterto see a list of drives that failed to initialize.
Press Esc to continue.
Caution: Do not initialize a disk drive that is part of an array. Initializing a disk drive
that's part of an array may make the array unusable. Back up all data from your disk
drive before you initialize it.
Rescanning Disk Drives
To begin rescanning a disk drive, select Rescan Drives from the Logical Device Conguration menu.
Secure Erasing Disk Drives
When youperform a secure erase on a disk drive, all data onthat diskdrive iscompletely and irretrievably
eradicated. Secure erase performs three distinct writing passes to the disk drive being erased—it does
not just write zeros.
Performing a secure erase takes up to six times longer than clearing (or zeroing) a disk drive; on a 2TB
or 3TB drive, often it takes hours, possibly as long as a day! You may want to perform a secure erase
only on disk drives that contain condential or classied information.
Note: To erase (or zero) a disk drive with non-classied information, you may choose
to format it (see Formatting and Verifying Disk Drives on page 89) instead, or initialize
it using maxView Storage Manager—both options take muchless time than the secure
erase option.
To begin a secure erase, select Secure Erase from the Logical Device Conguration menu, then select
Y (yes). To return to the main Logical Device Conguration menu once the secure erase has begun, press
Esc.
Note: For newer SATA drives, you can choose to perform a Secure ATA Erase, which
implements the secure erase feature at the drive rmware level. To start a Secure
ATA Erase, select a SATA drive, then type Ctrl-S to open the Secure ATA Erase dialog.
You will see this dialog only if the drive supports Secure ATA Erase.
The selected disk drive(s) cannot be used until the erase is complete.
Stopping a Secure Erase
To stop a secure erase in progress:
1. In the Logical Device Conguration menu, select Secure Erase.
2. Select the disk drive being secure erased, then press Ctrl+Q.
The secure erase stops and you return to the main Logical Device Conguration menu.
Uninitializing Disk Drives
Note: This option is available on Adaptec Series 7 controllers only.
Uninitializes one or more physical drives so that they can be used in HBA mode (see General Controller
Settings on page 87). This option clears Adaptec meta-data and any OS partitions from a drive. Drives
can uninitialized only if they are not part of any array.
To begin uninitializing a disk drive, select Uninitialize Drives from the Logical Device Conguration menu,
then type Y to continue.
Managing Global Hot Spares
Note: This option is available on Adaptec Series 6 controllers only.
A hot spare is a disk drive that automatically replaces any failed drive in a logical drive. A global hot
spare is not assigned to a specic logical drive. It protects any logical drive on the controller (except
RAID 0 logical drives). You can create and delete global hot spares even if no arrays exist.
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To create and delete global hot spares:
1. Select Global Hotspares from the Logical Device Conguration menu.
The Global Hotspare Management window opens.
2. Using the arrow keys, select a drive from the list. Existing hot spares are highlighted.
3. Press Ins to create a new global hot spare. Press Del to delete a hot spare.
4. Press Enter to save your changes and return to the main menu.
Creating and Managing JBODs
Note: This option is available on Adaptec Series 6 controllers only.
Follow the on-screen instructions to create and manage JBODs.
Creating a New JBOD
A JBOD disk appears as a physical disk drive to the operating system. A JBOD disk is not redundant and
not bootable.
To begin creating a JBOD, select Create JBOD from the Logical Device Conguration menu. All the
supported disk drives are displayed. Select a disk drive and Enter.
Managing Existing JBODs
To delete a JBOD or morph a JBOD into a simple volume, select Manage JBODs from the Logical Device
Conguration menu.
From the Manage JBODs menu, you can:
• Morph a JBOD into a simple volume.
• Delete a JBOD
Note: When you delete a JBOD, you lose all data on that disk.
Converting a JBOD Into a Simple Volume
You can convert any JBOD into a simple volume.
1. Select Manage JBODs from the main Logical Device Conguration menu.
2. Select the JBOD that you want to morph into a simple volume and press Ctrl+V.
Managing the maxCache Pool
Note: This option is available on Adaptec Series 6Q controllers only.
Adaptec maxCache uses the compatible Solid State Drives (SSDs) in your system as fast cache memory
for read-intensive operations. Before you can enable maxCache read caching on a logical device (see
Modifying Cache Settings on page 84), you must assign at least one SSD to the maxCache pool.
Note: You can congure the maxCache pool only if you have one or more compatible
Solid State Drives installed on the RAID controllers in your system. For a list of
maxCache-compatible SSDs, refer to the Adaptec Web site at
www.adaptec.com/compatibility.
To add a SSD to the maxCache pool or to remove a SSD from the pool:
1. Select Manage MaxCache Pool from the Logical Device Conguration menu.
All supported SSDs are displayed.
Note: Uninitialized SSDs may not appear in the list; see Initializing Disk Drives on
page 85 for more information.
2. Using the arrow keys, select a SSD from the list.
3. Press Ins to add the SSD to the maxCache pool.
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4. To remove a SSD from the pool, press the right arrow to switch windows, use the arrow keys to
select a SSD, then press Del.
5. Press Enter to save your changes and return to the main menu.
Using the ARC Utility to Modify Controller Settings
The ARC Controller Settings tool allows you to modify the settings of your controller and the disk drives
connected to it.
Opening the Controller Settings Tool
To open the ARC Controller Settings tool, start the ARC utility (see Running the ARC Utility on page 82),
select Controller Settings from the ARC main menu, then press Enter.
Follow the on-screen instructions to modify the settings of your controller and connected disk drives,
as needed.
Applying Changes and Exiting
1. To exit the Controller Settings tool, press Esc until you are prompted to exit.
If you modied any settings, you are prompted to save the changes before you exit.
2. Select Yes to exit, then press any key to restart your computer.
Any changes you made take effect after the computer restarts.
Modifying Your Controller’s Conguration
Note: Default controller settings are suitable for most computers. We recommend
that you do not change the default setting.
To modify your controller's basic settings, select Controller Conguration from the main Controller
Settings menu.
To modify your controller's power management settings, select Advanced Conguration.
Some options may not be available for your controller.
General Controller Settings
Note: Default settings are shown in bold type.
DescriptionOption
Drive's Write Cache
Runtime BIOS
Automatic Failover
When set to Enable All, write cache is enabled on all disk drives on the controller.
(Enabling the write cache overrides any individual drive settings inmaxView Storage
Manager.) When set to Disable All, write cache is not used on the disk drives. When
set toDrive Specic, write cache isenabled/disabled on a per-drive basis in maxView
Storage Manager.
Caution: When write cache is enabled, there is a slight possibility
of data loss or corruption during a power failure.
When enabled, the controller BIOS allows the controller to act as a bootable device.
Disabling the BIOS allows another controller to act as a bootable device.
When enabled, the controller automatically rebuilds an array when a failed disk
drive is replaced. When disabled, the array must be rebuilt manually.
Array Background
Consistency Check
Array-based BBS Support
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When enabled, the controller constantly veries a redundant array. Note that there
may be a signicant performance reduction. Default is disabled.
When enabledin systems that support BBS, thecontrollerpresents attached bootable
devices up to the BIOS for boot device selection. This is relevant for logical arrays.
Default is disabled.
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DescriptionOption
SATA Native Command
Queuing (NCQ)
Physical Drives Display
During POST
DVD/CD-ROM Boot Support
Removable Media Devices
Boot Support
Default Background Task
Priority
LED Indication Mode
When enabled, NCQ is enabled. Disable this feature if you want to attach more than
48 SATA II disk drives. Only available with SATA II disk drives.
When enabled, connected disk drives are displayed during system Power On Self
Test (POST). Displaying the disk drives adds a few seconds to the overall POST time.
Default is disabled.
When enabled, the system can be booted from a bootable DVD/CD. (This setting is
not available on all RAID controller models.)
When enabled, removable media devices, such as CD drives, are supported. (This
setting is not available on all RAID controller models.)
When enabled, the alarm sounds. Default is enabled.Alarm Control
Note: When the alarm is turned off (disabled), it will
remain off after a reboot.
Sets the default priority for background tasks on the controller (such as logical drive
creation) to High, Medium, or Low. Default is High.
Note: This setting applies to new tasks. It does not affect
currently running tasks.
When set to Activity and Fault, the drive activity LEDs blink to indicate I/O activity
(randomly depending on I/O load) and fault (steady 1Hz). When set to Fault Only,
the drive activity LEDs blink to indicate fault state only. For Series 6/6E controllers,
default is Fault Only.
Adaptec Series 6 Controllers:Backplane Mode
When set to Auto, controller automatically detects backplane signal type: I2C or
SGPIO. To set the backplane mode explicitly select SGPIO, I2C, or Disabled. Default
is Auto.
Adaptec Series 7 and Adaptec Series 6E/6T Controllers:
When set to Default, controller automatically sets the backplane mode to IBPI. To
set the backplane mode explicitly, select IBPI, SGPIO, or Disabled. Default is IBPI.
Note: With the default IBPI setting, the rmware sends
a SGPIO "Backplane_TYPE" signal if it recognizes that a
SGPIO Backplane is connected. If any connected SGPIO
backplane does not supportthe "Backplane_TYPE"signal,
or it does not support the IBPI protocol, youcan manually
set the Backplane Mode to "SGPIO".
Selectable Performance
Mode
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When setto Dynamic, performancecriteria adjusts automatically based on controller
usage, RAID level, and disk drive type. When set to OLTP/Db, performance criteria
is optimized for transaction-oriented applications, such as data entry and retrieval.
When set to User Dened, you are prompted to use the OS tools to set individual
parameters (contact Adaptec support for more information). Default is Dynamic.
Adaptec Series 7 Controllers Only:Controller Mode
When set to RAID Mode, all RAID functions of the controller are enabled. When set
to Auto Volume Mode, RAID functionsof the controller are enabled. Attached drives
without Adaptec meta-data, but with an OS partition, are surfaced to the host
operating system as Pass Through devices, where the RAID layer of the controller
rmware is bypassed whenthe host issuescommands to the device.Attached drives
without Adaptec meta-data and without OS partitions, are automatically congured
as Simple Volumes. When set to HBA Mode, attached drives are surfaced as Pass
Through devices. Changing into HBAmode isallowed only if there are no drives with
Adaptec meta-data attached to the controller (see Uninitializing Disk Drives on page
85 for more information). Default is RAID Mode.
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Power Management Settings
Note: When power management is disabled, no related options will be displayed.
Note: Make sure the operating system driver supports power management.
Note: Default settings are shown in bold type.
DescriptionOption
Power Management
Settings
Time Zone
Stay Awake Start
Stay Awake End
Spin Up Limit (Internal)
Spin Up Limit (External)
When enabled, switches the system to low power state, based on the specied
settings.
The time zone of the place in which the system is located. Time specic power
management settings are implemented based on the set time zone. By default, it is
set to 00:00.
The valid range for the time zone settings is -12:00 to +12:00.
The time from which the system should operate in the full power mode,irrespective
of other power management settings, daily. By default it is set to 00:00.
The valid range is 00:00 to 23:59.
The time until which the system should operate in the full power mode, irrespective
of other power management settings, daily. By default it is set to 00:00.
The valid range is 00:00 to 23:59.
The number of internal drives to be spun up at any given moment. By default it is
set to 0. In the default setting, all the internal drives will spin up.
The number of external drives to be spun up at any given moment. By default it is
set to 0. In the default setting, all the external drives will spin up.
Checking Backup Unit Status
To check the status of the controller's ash backup unit, select Backup Unit Status from the Controller
Settings menu. This option is available only if the controller is congured with a ash backup unit.
Formatting and Verifying Disk Drives
You can use the ARC Disk Utilities tool to low-level format or verify your disk drives. (New disk drives
are low-level formatted at the factory and do not need to be low-level formatted again.)
Caution: Before you format a disk drive, back up all data. Formatting destroys all data
on a disk drive.
To format or verify a disk drive:
1. Start the ARC utility (see Running the ARC Utility on page 82).
2. Select the controller you want, then press Enter.
3. Select Disk Utilities.
4. Select the disk drive you want, then press Enter.
5. Select Format Disk or Verify Disk Media.
Locating Disk Drives
You can use the Identify Drive feature to physically locate a disk drive by blinking the LED.
Note: This feature is only available with disk drives that have an activity LED.
To locate a disk drive:
1. Start the ARC utility (see Running the ARC Utility on page 82).
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2. Select the controller you want, then press Enter.
3. Select Disk Utilities.
4. Select the disk drive you want, then press Enter.
5. Select Identify Drive, then press Enter.
6. When you have nished locating your disk drive, press any key to stop the blinking.
Identifying Disk Drives
You can identify disk drives by viewing the list of disk drives on your system. Only physical drives that
display during POST are shown.
To identify a disk drive:
1. Start the ARC utility (see Running the ARC Utility on page 82).
2. Select the controller you want, then press Enter.
3. Select Disk Utilities.
The Disk Utilities view provides you with the following information:
SizeSpeedRev#ModelLocation
CN1=DEV1
Box0=Slot0
Exp0=phy0
The location information of a disk drive is determined by three types of connections:
• Direct attached drives—The connection is determined by the cable connected to a device, for
example CN1 (connector 1) is connected to DEV1 (device 1). For more information, see
Direct-attach Connections on page 71.
• Storage Enclosure Processor (SEP) managed devices—The connection is determined by an active
backplane. Box0 (enclosure 0) is connected to slot0 (disk drive slot 0 in the enclosure). For more
information, see Backplane Connections on page 72.
• Expanders—The connections is determined by an expander. Exp0 (expander 0) is connected to
phy0 (phy 0 within a connector). For more information, see SAS Expander Connections on page
72.
Note: Devices otherthan disk drives (CDROM,tape drives, etc...) are listedin order
after your system disk drives.
The manufacturer
information.
The revision
number ofthe disk
drive.
The speed of the
disk drive.
The size of the disk
drive.
Viewing the Event Log
The BIOS-based event log records all rmware events, such as conguration changes, array creation,
and boot activity.
Some events are not stored indenitely—the event log is cleared of any non-persistent events each
time you restart your computer; additionally, once the log is full, new events overwrite old events.
To view the event log:
1. Start the ARC utility (see Running the ARC Utility on page 82).
2. Select the controller you want, then press Enter.
3. When the ARC utility menu appears, press Ctrl+P.
4. Select Controller Log Information, then press Enter.
The current event log opens.
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D Using the Adaptec Flash Utility
This chapter describes how to use the Adaptec Flash Utility (AFU), a text-based DOS utility that you can
use to update, save, or verify the RAID controller's rmware.
Caution: Although the AFU contains safeguards to prevent you from accidentally
damaging your RAID controller's ash contents, it is still important to use the AFU
carefully and correctly to avoid rendering your RAID controller inoperable. We
recommend that only advanced users familiar with working in DOS use the AFU. For
more information, see Managing Your Storage Space on page 64.
System Requirements
• DOS version 5.0 or later.
Note: You can’t run the AFU from a DOS command prompt window under any
version of Windows.
• At least 8 MB of extended memory.
Compatibility Notes
• Supports HIMEM.SYS; compatible with other DOS drivers running under HIMEM.SYS (for example,
SMARTDRV.SYS and SETVER.SYS).
• Does not support DOS extenders installed in memory, such as EMM386.SYS and DOS4GW.
Serial Attached SCSI RAID Controllers Installation and User's Guide
Before You Begin
1. Obtain the rmware (see the following section).
2. Create rmware disk (see Creating the Firmware Update Disk on page 91).
There are two ways to run the AFU:
1. Using the AFU menus (see Running the Menu-based AFU on page 92)
2. From the command line (see Running the AFU from the Command Line on page 92)
Obtaining the Firmware
To obtain RAID controller rmware, go to:
• Adaptec Installation DVD—Includes the AFU executable (AFU.exe) and a separate ash image. The
ash image comprises a single User Flash Image (UFI) le.
• Adaptec Web site—Download a new rmware le to get the most recent version of rmware/BIOS
and AFU.
See www.adaptec.com for more information.
Creating the Firmware Update Disk
To create the rmware update disks:
1. Copy these les to a USB ash drive or writable CD:
• AFU.exe
• Axxxx01.u
where xxx is the model number of your controller.
Note: Most controller model numbers have a sufx (for example, Adaptec RAID
6405). Check that the .u le is the correct le for your controller before copying.
2. To use a menu-based AFU, see the following section.
To run the AFU from the command line, see Running the AFU from the Command Line on page 92.
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Running the Menu-based AFU
To run the menu-based AFU:
1. Shut down your operating system and reboot to DOS from a bootable DOS oppy disk or from a DOS
partition ona bootable drive.(You canuse a disk drive connected to thecontroller you are updating.)
If your computer isn’t set up to boot from the bootable oppy disk, enter the system setup utility
and change the setting.
2. Insert the rmware update disk (created using the steps above) containing AFU.exe
3. At the DOS command prompt, type AFU with no arguments.
The AFU's main menu is displayed.
4. Select Select Controllers, then select the Adaptec RAID controller(s) to be ashed.
To update multiple RAID controllers in the same system, update the boot controller's ash rst,
restart the computer, then update the ash for the remaining controllers.
5. Select Select an Operation.
6. Choose the operation you want, then follow the on-screen instructions to complete the task:
• Update ash image—Updates all the ash components on a RAID controller with the ash image
data from the UFI le.
• Save ash image—Reads the contents of a RAID controller's ash components and saves the
data to a UFI le, which you can use to restore a RAID controller's ash if required.
• Verify ash image—Reads the contents of a RAID controller's ash components and compares
it to the contents of the specied UFI le.
• Display ash information—Displays version information about a RAID controller's ash
components.
7. Complete the ash operation and restart your computer before trying to use the RAID controller
again. (You can not use your RAID controller while you are updating its ash.)
The AFU processes the selected command and reports either success or an error message code.
Running the AFU from the Command Line
Note: You can also run a menu-based AFU (see Running the Menu-based AFU on page
92).
To run the AFU from the command line:
1. Shut down your operating system and reboot to DOS from a bootable DOS oppy disk or from a DOS
partition on a bootable drive. (You can use a disk connected to the controller you're updating.) If
your computer isn't set up to boot from the bootable oppy disk, enter the system setup utility to
change the setting.
2. Insert the rmware update disk containing AFU.exe.
3. At the DOS command, type AFU followed by a command (see AFU Commands on page 92) and any
switches you want.
Note: To nd a controller number, type AFU LIST, then press Enter.
The AFU processes the command and reports either success or an error message code.
To update a RAID controller's ash using the command line utility ARCCONF, see Updating the Flash
Using the AFU Command Line on page 95.
AFU Commands
This section lists the available AFU commands.
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Serial Attached SCSI RAID Controllers Installation and User's Guide
List
Displays the AFU-supported RAID controllers installed on your computer. Also displays the ID numbers
assigned to each controller.
You don’t have to restart the computer after completing this command.
This example shows a typical system response to a LIST command:
A:\> AFU LIST
Adaptec Flash Utility V4.0-0 B5749 (c)Adaptec Inc. 1999–2005.
All Rights Reserved.
Controllers Detected and Recognized:
Controller #0 (03:05:00) Adaptec RAID 51645
Save
Saves the contents of a RAID controller's ash in a UFI le. The name of the UFI le is based on the
controller type and can't be changed.
You must restart the computer following a SAVE command.
The command syntax for the SAVE command is:
AFU SAVE [/C<Controller ID>] [/D <UFI File Path>]
These switches are available:
• /C <Controller ID>—One or more RAID controller IDs representing the set of RAID controllers on
which to perform the specied command. The default is 0; if the computer has multiple RAID
controllers, the AFU defaults to controller 0 unless you specify otherwise.
For example:
To specify a single RAID controller ID: /C 0
To specify multiple IDs separated by commas: /C 0,2
To indicate all RAID controllers:ALL
If you are using multiple RAID controllers, you must specify the controller you want by using the /C
switch; otherwise, the AFU displays an error message and exits.
• /D <UFI File Path>—Species the path where the UFI les are located. If you do not specify the /D
switch, the AFU looks for (or creates) its UFI les in the default location.
You cannot specify the name of a UFI le, only its path. UFI lenames are predened, based on the
RAID controller type.
In this example, the AFU saves ash contents from RAID controller 0 to a UFI le in the current
default drive and directory:
A:\> AFU SAVE /C 0
In this example, the AFU saves ash contents from Controller 1 to a UFI le in C:\UFI_FILES:
A:\> AFU SAVE /C 1 /D C:\UFI_FILES
Update
Updates the ash components of one or more RAID controllers on your computer from the ash image
data in a UFI le. You must restart the computer following an UPDATE command.
The command syntax for the UPDATE command is:
AFU UPDATE [/C<Controller ID>] [/D <UFI File Path>]
This example shows a typical system response after an update.
A:\> AFU UPDATE /C 0
Adaptec Flash Utility V4.0-0 B5749
(c)Adaptec Inc. 1999–2005. All Rights Reserved.
Updating Controller 0 (Adaptec RAID 31205)
Reading flash image file (Build 5749)
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Serial Attached SCSI RAID Controllers Installation and User's Guide
AFU is about to update firmware on controllers Adaptec RAID
51645
***PLEASE DO NOT REBOOT THE SYSTEM DURING THE UPDATE***
This might take a few minutes.
Writing Adaptec RAID 51645 (4MB) Flash Image to controller
0...OK.
Verifying...OK
Please restart the computer to allow firmware changes to take
effect.
Verify
Compares the contents of each of the ash components on a RAID controller to the corresponding
image in a UFI le, and indicates whether they match. After using the VERIFYcommand, you mustrestart
the computer.
The command syntax for the VERIFY command is as follows:
AFU VERIFY [/C<Controller ID>] [/D <UFI File Path>]
This example shows a typical system response after a VERIFY command.
A:\> AFU VERIFY /C 0
Adaptec Flash Utility V4.0-0 B5749 (c)Adaptec Inc. 1999–2005.
All Rights Reserved.
Reading flash image file (Build 5748) Controller #0: Adaptec
RAID 51645
ROM: Checksum: 797B [VALID] (Build 5748)
File: Checksum: 797B [VALID] (Build 5748)
Image Compares Correctly
Version
Displays version information about the ash components on a RAID controller. After using the VERSION
command, restart your computer.
The command syntax for the VERSION command is:
AFU VERSION [/C<Controller ID>]
This example displays version information about all supported RAID controllers.
A:\> AFU VERSION /C 0
Adaptec Flash Utility V4.0-0 B5749 (c)Adaptec Inc. 1999–2005.
All Rights Reserved.
Version Information for Controller #0 (Adaptec RAID 51645)
ROM: Build 5748 [VALID] Fri Sep 27 13:28:40 EDT 2005
A:\> AFU VERSION /C ALL
Help
Displays a summary of AFU functions and command switches.
For example:
A:\> AFU HELP
A:\> AFU /?
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Serial Attached SCSI RAID Controllers Installation and User's Guide
Updating the Flash Using the AFU Command Line
1. Create the rmware update disk (see Creating the Firmware Update Disk on page 91).
2. Shut down your operating system and reboot to DOS from a bootable DOS oppy disk or from a DOS
partition on a bootable drive. (You can use a disk connected to the controller you're updating.) If
your computer isn't set up to boot from the bootable oppy disk or a bootable device other than a
disk drive, enter the system setup utility to change the setting.
3. Insert the rmware update disk containing AFU.exe
4. At the DOS command, if you have multiple controllers and you don't know the number of the
controller you want to update, type AFU LIST, then press Enter. Otherwise, skip to the next step.
5. At the DOS command, type AFU followed by a command (see AFU Commands on page 92) and any
switches you want.
6. Update the ash using the instructions suitable for your requirements:
• To update a single RAID controller:
AFU UPDATE /C <cont_number>
Where <cont_number> is the number of the RAID controller whose rmware you are updating.
For example, to upgrade Controller 0, type AFU UPDATE /C 0
• To update multiple RAID controllers:
AFU UPDATE /C <cont_number_a>,<cont_number_b>
Where <controller_number_a> and <controller_number_b> are the numbers of the AdaptecRAID
controllers whose rmware you are updating. For example, to upgrade controllers 0, 2, and 3,
type AFU UPDATE /C 0, 2, 3
• To update all RAID controllers simultaneously:
AFU UPDATE /C all
Note: The UFI le identies the RAID controllers, so you don't have to worry
about ashing the wrong controller.
7. When prompted, insert the rmware disk.
The AFU processes the command and reports either success or an error message code.
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Serial Attached SCSI RAID Controllers Installation and User's Guide
E Controller LED, I2C, and Alarm Connector Quick Reference
This appendix provides a reference guide for Adaptec RAID controller activity LED connectors, I2C
connectors, and external alarm connectors.
Adaptec RAID 6405/6445 LED and I2C Connector Specication
ASR-6405 Kit2271100-R
ASR-6405 SGL2270000-R
ASR-6445 SGL2270200-R
• Adaptec RAID 6405/6445 Activity LED Header Connector: Molex 22-43-6030 or equivalent
• Activity LED Header Mating Cable Connector: Molex 22-55-2161 or equivalent
J2:
DescriptionSignalJ2 Pin Number
22-55-2161 Pin
Number
2LED Anode+3.3V1
1LED CathodeACTIVITY CN0, LANE 02
4LED Anode+3.3V3
3LED CathodeACTIVITY CN0, LANE 14
6LED Anode+3.3V5
5LED CathodeACTIVITY CN0, LANE 26
8LED Anode+3.3V7
7LED CathodeACTIVITY CN0, LANE 38
• Adaptec RAID 6405/6445 Aggregate Activity LED Board Connector: Molex 22-28-4023 or equivalent
• Aggregate LED Mating Cable Connector: Molex 50-57-9002 or equivalent
J1:
DescriptionSignalJ1 Pin Number
LED CathodeACTIVITY2
LED Anode+3.3V1
• Adaptec RAID 6405/6445 External Alarm Connector: Molex 22-28-4023 or equivalent
• Alarm Mating Cable Connector: Molex 50-57-9002 or equivalent
J12:
• Adaptec RAID 6405/6445 I2C CN0 Board Connector: Molex 22-43-6030 or equivalent
• I2C Mating Cable Connector: Molex 22-43-3030 or equivalent
J4:
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DescriptionSignalJ12 Pin Number
Open collector transistor~2kHz Square Wave2
—+3.3V1
96Proprietary and Condential to PMC-Sierra, Inc.
Serial Attached SCSI RAID Controllers Installation and User's Guide
SignalJ4 Pin Number
I2C Clock, CN03
Ground2
I2C Data, CN01
Adaptec RAID 6805/6805Q LED and I2C Connector Specication
ASR-6805 Kit2271200-R
ASR-6805 SGL2270100-R
ASR-6805Q SGL2270700-R
• Adaptec RAID 6805/6805Q Activity LED Header Connector: Molex 22-43-6030 or equivalent
• Activity LED Header Mating Cable Connector: Molex 22-55-2161 or equivalent
J2:
DescriptionSignalJ2 Pin Number
22-55-2161 Pin
Number
2LED Anode+3.3V1
1LED CathodeACTIVITY CN0, LANE 02
4LED Anode+3.3V3
3LED CathodeACTIVITY CN0, LANE 14
6LED Anode+3.3V5
5LED CathodeACTIVITY CN0, LANE 26
8LED Anode+3.3V7
7LED CathodeACTIVITY CN0, LANE 38
10LED Anode+3.3V9
9LED CathodeACTIVITY CN1, LANE 010
12LED Anode+3.3V11
11LED CathodeACTIVITY CN1, LANE 112
14LED Anode+3.3V13
13LED CathodeACTIVITY CN1, LANE 214
16LED Anode+3.3V15
• Adaptec RAID 6805/6805Q Aggregate Activity LED Board Connector: Molex 22-28-4023or equivalent
• Aggregate LED Mating Cable Connector: Molex 50-57-9002 or equivalent
J1:
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15LED CathodeACTIVITY CN1, LANE 316
DescriptionSignalJ1 Pin Number
LED CathodeACTIVITY2
LED Anode+3.3V1
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Serial Attached SCSI RAID Controllers Installation and User's Guide
• Adaptec RAID 6805/6805Q External Alarm Connector: Molex 22-28-4023 or equivalent
• Alarm Mating Cable Connector: Molex 50-57-9002 or equivalent
J12:
DescriptionSignalJ12 Pin Number
Open collector transistor~2kHz Square Wave2
—+3.3V1
• Adaptec RAID 6805/6805Q I2C CN0 Board Connector: Molex 22-43-6030 or equivalent
• I2C Mating Cable Connector: Molex 22-43-3030 or equivalent
J4:
SignalJ4 Pin Number
I2C Clock, CN03
Ground2
I2C Data, CN01
• Adaptec RAID 6805/6805Q I2C CN1 Board Connector: Molex 22-43-6030 or equivalent
• I2C Mating Cable Connector: Molex 22-43-3030 or equivalent
J5:
SignalJ4 Pin Number
I2C Clock, CN13
Ground2
I2C Data, CN11
Adaptec RAID 6405E LED Connector Specication
ASR-6405E Kit2271700-R
ASR-6405E SGL2270800-R
• Adaptec RAID 6405E Activity LED Header Connector: Molex 22-43-6030 or equivalent
• Activity LED Header Mating Cable Connector: Molex 22-55-2161 or equivalent
J2:
DescriptionSignalJ2 Pin Number
22-55-2161 Pin
Number
2LED Anode+3.3V1
1LED CathodeACTIVITY CN0, LANE 02
4LED Anode+3.3V3
3LED CathodeACTIVITY CN0, LANE 14
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6LED Anode+3.3V5
5LED CathodeACTIVITY CN0, LANE 26
8LED Anode+3.3V7
7LED CathodeACTIVITY CN0, LANE 38
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Serial Attached SCSI RAID Controllers Installation and User's Guide
• Adaptec RAID 6405E Aggregate Activity LED Board Connector: Molex 22-28-4023 or equivalent
• Aggregate LED Mating Cable Connector: Molex 50-57-9002 or equivalent
J1:
DescriptionSignalJ1 Pin Number
LED CathodeACTIVITY2
LED Anode+3.3V1
• Adaptec RAID 6405E External Alarm Connector: Molex 22-28-4023 or equivalent
• Alarm Mating Cable Connector: Molex 50-57-9002 or equivalent
J12:
DescriptionSignalJ12 Pin Number
Open collector transistor~2kHz Square Wave2
—+3.3V1
Adaptec RAID 6805E/6805E R5 LED Connector Specication
ASR-6805E Kit2271800-R
ASR-6805E SGL2270900-R
ASR-6805E R5 BULK2275600-R
• Adaptec RAID 6805E/6805E R5 Activity LED Header Connector: Molex 22-43-6030 or equivalent
• Activity LED Header Mating Cable Connector: Molex 22-55-2161 or equivalent
J2:
DescriptionSignalJ2 Pin Number
22-55-2161 Pin
Number
2LED Anode+3.3V1
1LED CathodeACTIVITY CN0, LANE 02
4LED Anode+3.3V3
3LED CathodeACTIVITY CN0, LANE 14
6LED Anode+3.3V5
5LED CathodeACTIVITY CN0, LANE 26
8LED Anode+3.3V7
7LED CathodeACTIVITY CN0, LANE 38
10LED Anode+3.3V9
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9LED CathodeACTIVITY CN1, LANE 010
12LED Anode+3.3V11
11LED CathodeACTIVITY CN1, LANE 112
14LED Anode+3.3V13
13LED CathodeACTIVITY CN1, LANE 214
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Serial Attached SCSI RAID Controllers Installation and User's Guide
DescriptionSignalJ2 Pin Number
22-55-2161 Pin
Number
16LED Anode+3.3V15
15LED CathodeACTIVITY CN1, LANE 316
• Adaptec RAID 6805E/6805E R5 Aggregate Activity LED Board Connector: Molex 22-28-4023 or
equivalent
• Aggregate LED Mating Cable Connector: Molex 50-57-9002 or equivalent
J1:
DescriptionSignalJ1 Pin Number
LED CathodeACTIVITY2
LED Anode+3.3V1
• Adaptec RAID 6805E/6805E R5 External Alarm Connector: Molex 22-28-4023 or equivalent
• Alarm Mating Cable Connector: Molex 50-57-9002 or equivalent
J12:
DescriptionSignalJ12 Pin Number
Open collector transistor~2kHz Square Wave2
—+3.3V1
Adaptec RAID 6405T LED Connector Specication
ASR-6405T SGL2272700-R
• Adaptec RAID 6405T Activity LED Header Connector: Molex 22-43-6030 or equivalent
• Activity LED Header Mating Cable Connector: Molex 22-55-2161 or equivalent
J2:
DescriptionSignalJ2 Pin Number
• Adaptec RAID 6405T Aggregate Activity LED Board Connector: Molex 22-28-4023 or equivalent
• Aggregate LED Mating Cable Connector: Molex 50-57-9002 or equivalent
J1:
22-55-2161 Pin
Number
2LED Anode+3.3V1
1LED CathodeACTIVITY CN0, LANE 02
4LED Anode+3.3V3
3LED CathodeACTIVITY CN0, LANE 14
6LED Anode+3.3V5
5LED CathodeACTIVITY CN0, LANE 26
8LED Anode+3.3V7
7LED CathodeACTIVITY CN0, LANE 38
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