Adafruit 1.44 Color TFT User manual

Adafruit 1.44" Color TFT with Micro SD Socket

Created by lady ada

Last updated on 2020-10-19 10:58:59 AM EDT

Overview

This lovely little display breakout is the best way to add a small, colorful and bright display to any project. Since the

display uses 4-wire SPI to communicate and has its own pixel-addressable frame buffer, it can be used with every kind

of microcontroller. Even a very small one with low memory and few pins available!

The 1.44" display has 128x128 color pixels. Unlike the low cost "Nokia 6110" and similar LCD displays, which are CSTN

type and thus have poor color and slow refresh, this display is a true TFT! The TFT driver (ST7735R) can display full 16-

bit color using our library code.

The breakout has the TFT display soldered on (it uses a delicate flex-circuit connector) as well as a ultra-low-dropout

3.3V regulator and a 3/5V level shifter so you can use it with 3.3V or 5V power and logic. We also had a little space so

we placed a microSD card holder so you can easily load full color bitmaps from a FAT16/FAT32 formatted microSD

card. The microSD card is not included, but you can pick one up here (http://adafru.it/102).

Of course, we wouldn't just leave you with a datasheet and a "good luck!" - we've written a full open source graphics

library that can draw pixels, lines, rectangles, circles, text and bitmaps as well as example code and a wiring

tutorial (https://adafru.it/ckK). The code is written for Arduino but can be easily ported to your favorite microcontroller!

Pinouts

This color display uses SPI to receive image data. That means you need at least 4 pins - clock, data in, tft cs and d/c. If

you'd like to have SD card usage too, add another 2 pins - data out and card cs. However, there's a couple other pins

you may want to use, lets go thru them all!

3-5V / Vin - this is the power pin, connect to 3-5VDC - it has reverse polarity protection but try to wire it right!

3.3Vout - this is the 3.3V output from the onboard regulator GND - this is the power and signal ground pin CLK - this is the SPI clock input pin MISO - this is the SPI Microcontroller In Serial Out pin, its used for the SD card. It isn't used for the TFT display

which is write-only MOSI - this is the SPI Microcontroller Out Serial In pin, it is used to send data from the microcontroller to the SD

card and/or TFT

TFT_CS - this is the TFT SPI chip select pin RST - this is the TFT reset pin. Connect to ground to reset the TFT! Its best to have this pin controlled by the

library so the display is reset cleanly, but you can also connect it to the Arduino Reset pin, which works for most

cases.

D/C - this is the TFT SPI data or command selector pin Card CS / CCS - this is the SD card chip select, used if you want to read from the SD card. Lite - this is the PWM input for the backlight control. It is by default pulled high (backlight on) you can PWM at any

frequency or pull down to turn the backlight off

Assembly

Prepare the header strip:

Cut the strip to length if necessary. It will be easier to

solder if you insert it into a breadboard - long pins down

Add the breakout board:

Place the breakout board over the pins so that the short

pins poke through the breakout pads

And Solder!

Be sure to solder all pins for reliable electrical contact.

(For tips on soldering, be sure to check out our Guide to

Excellent Soldering

(https://adafru.it/aTk)

).

You're done! Check your solder joints visually and

continue onto the next steps

Wiring & Test

Wiring

Wiring up the display in SPI mode is pretty easy as there's not that many pins! We'll be using hardware SPI, but you can

also use software SPI (any pins) later. Start by connecting the power pins

3-5V Vin connects to the Arduino 5V pin GND connects to Arduino ground CLK connects to SPI clock. On Arduino Uno/Duemilanove/328-based, thats Digital 13. On Mega's, its Digital 52 and on Leonardo/Due its ICSP-3 (See SPI Connections for more details (https://adafru.it/d5h)) MOSI connects to SPI MOSI. On Arduino Uno/Duemilanove/328-based, thats Digital 11. On Mega's, its Digital 51 and on Leonardo/Due its ICSP-4 (See SPI Connections for more details (https://adafru.it/d5h)) CS connects to our SPI Chip Select pin. We'll be using Digital 10 but you can later change this to any pin RST connects to our TFT reset pin. We'll be using Digital 9 but you can later change this pin too. D/C connects to our SPI data/command select pin. We'll be using Digital 8 but you can later change this pin too.

Install Arduino Libraries

We have example code ready to go for use with these TFTs. It's written for Arduino, which should be portable to any

microcontroller by adapting the C++ source.

Three

libraries need to be installed using the Arduino Library Manager…this is the preferred and modern way. From the

Arduino “Sketch” menu, select “Include Library” then “Manage Libraries…”

Type “gfx” in the search field to quickly find the first library — Adafruit_GFX:

Repeat the search and install steps, looking for the Adafruit_ST7735 library. If using an older Arduino IDE (pre-1.8.10), also locate and install Adafruit_BusIO.

After restarting the Arduino software, you should see a new example folder called Adafruit_ST7735 and inside, an example called graphicstest.

In the graphicstest source code, you need to changes some code for this to work. Start by looking for the lines as

follows:

// Use this initializer if you're using a 1.8" TFT tft.initR(INITR_BLACKTAB); // initialize a ST7735S chip, black tab

// Use this initializer (uncomment) if you're using a 1.44" TFT //tft.initR(INITR_144GREENTAB); // initialize a ST7735S chip, black tab

Comment out the line that initializes the Black Tab, and uncomment the second so it initializes with Green Tab, so it

looks like:

// Use this initializer if you're using a 1.8" TFT //tft.initR(INITR_BLACKTAB); // initialize a ST7735S chip, black tab

// Use this initializer (uncomment) if you're using a 1.44" TFT tft.initR(INITR_144GREENTAB); // initialize a ST7735S chip, black tab

Now upload the sketch to your Arduino. You may need to press the Reset button to reset the arduino and TFT. You

should see a collection of graphical tests draw out on the TFT.

Changing Pins

Now that you have it working, there's a few things you can do to change around the pins.

If you're using Hardware SPI, the CLOCK and MOSI pins are 'fixed' and cant be changed. But you can change to

software SPI, which is a bit slower, and that lets you pick any pins you like. Find these lines:

// Option 1 (recommended): must use the hardware SPI pins // (for UNO thats sclk = 13 and sid = 11) and pin 10 must be // an output. This is much faster - also required if you want // to use the microSD card (see the image drawing example) Adafruit_ST7735 tft = Adafruit_ST7735(TFT_CS, TFT_DC, TFT_RST);

// Option 2: use any pins but a little slower! #define TFT_SCLK 13 // set these to be whatever pins you like! #define TFT_MOSI 11 // set these to be whatever pins you like! //Adafruit_ST7735 tft = Adafruit_ST7735(TFT_CS, TFT_DC, TFT_MOSI, TFT_SCLK, TFT_RST);

Comment out option 1, and uncomment option 2. Then you can change the TFT_ pins to whatever pins you'd like!

You can also save a pin by setting

#define TFT_RST 9

to

#define TFT_RST 0

and connecting the RST line to the Arduino Reset pin. That way the Arduino will auto-reset the TFT as well.

Adafruit GFX library

The Adafruit_GFX library for Arduino provides a common syntax and set of graphics functions for all of our TFT, LCD

and OLED displays. This allows Arduino sketches to easily be adapted between display types with minimal fuss…and

any new features, performance improvements and bug fixes will immediately apply across our complete offering of

color displays.

The GFX library is what lets you draw points, lines, rectangles, round-rects, triangles, text, etc.

Check out our detailed tutorial here http://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-gfx-graphics-library (https://adafru.it/aPx) It covers

the latest and greatest of the GFX library!

Drawing Bitmaps

There is a built in microSD card slot into the breakout, and we can use that to load bitmap images! You will need a microSD card formatted FAT16 or FAT32 (they almost always are by default).

It's really easy to draw bitmaps. We have a library for it, Adafruit_ImageReader, which can be installed through the Arduino Library Manager (Sketch→Include Library→Manage Libraries…). Enter “imageread” in the search field and the

library is easy to spot:

Let's start by downloading this image of a lily:

Copy lily128.bmp into the base directory of a microSD card and insert it into the microSD socket in the breakout.

Two more wires are required to interface with the onboard SD card.

You'll need to connect up the MISO pin to the SPI MISO line on your microcontroller. On Arduino Uno/Duemilanove/328-based, thats Digital 12. On Mega's, its Digital 50 and on Leonardo/Due its ICSP-1 (See SPI

Connections for more details (https://adafru.it/d5h))

Also, CCS pin to Digital 4 on your Arduino as well. You can change this pin later, but stick with this for now.

You may want to try the SD library examples before continuing, especially one that lists all the files on the SD card

Open the File→examples→Adafruit ImageReader Library→BreakoutST7735 - 128x128 example

In the example, find the following section of code:

// Load full-screen BMP file 'rgbwheel.bmp' at position (0,0) (top left). // Notice the 'reader' object performs this, with 'tft' as an argument. Serial.print(F("Loading rgbwheel.bmp to screen...")); stat = reader.drawBMP("/rgbwheel.bmp", tft, 0, 0); reader.printStatus(stat); // How'd we do?

On the line with reader.drawBMP() change "/rgbwheel.bmp" to "/lily128.bmp" .

After that, upload it to your Arduino. When the Arduino restarts, you should see the flower as below!

To make new bitmaps, make sure they are less than 128 by 128 pixels and save them in 24-bit BMP format! They must

be in 24-bit format, even if they are not 24-bit color as that is the easiest format for the Arduino. You can rotate images using the setRotation() procedure

You can draw as many images as you want - dont forget the names must be less than 8 characters long. Just copy the

BMP drawing routines below loop() and call

bmpDraw(bmpfilename, x, y);

For each bitmap. They can be smaller than 128x128 and placed in any location on the screen.

CircuitPython Displayio Quickstart

You will need a board capable of running CircuitPython such as the Metro M0 Express or the Metro M4 Express. You

can also use boards such as the Feather M0 Express or the Feather M4 Express. We recommend either the Metro M4

or the Feather M4 Express because it's much faster and works better for driving a display. For this guide, we will be

using a Feather M4 Express. The steps should be about the same for the Feather M0 Express or either of the Metros. If

you haven't already, be sure to check out our Feather M4 Express (https://adafru.it/EEm) guide.

Preparing the Breakout

Before using the TFT Breakout, you will need to solder the headers or some wires to it. Be sure to check out

the Adafruit Guide To Excellent Soldering (https://adafru.it/drI). After that the breakout should be ready to go.

Wiring the Breakout to the Feather

3-5V VIN connects to the Feather 3V pin GND connects toFeather ground SCK connects to SPI clock. On the Feather that's SCK. SO connects to SPI MISO. On the Feather that's MI SI connects to SPI MOSI. On the Feather that's MO TCS connects to our SPI Chip Select pin. We'll be using Digital 9 but you can later change this to any pin D/C connects to our SPI data/command select pin. We'll be using Digital 10 but you can later change this pin too. RST connects to our reset pin. We'll be using Digital 6 but you can later change this pin too.

Adafruit Feather M4 Express - Featuring ATSAMD51

$22.95

IN STOCK

Add To Cart

https://adafru.it/FyY

Required CircuitPython Libraries

To use this display with displayio , there is only one required library.

https://adafru.it/EGk

First, make sure you are running the latest version of Adafruit CircuitPython (https://adafru.it/Amd) for your board.

Next, you'll need to install the necessary libraries to use the hardware--carefully follow the steps to find and install

these libraries from Adafruit's CircuitPython library bundle (https://adafru.it/zdx). Our introduction guide has a great

page on how to install the library bundle (https://adafru.it/ABU) for both express and non-express boards.

Remember for non-express boards, you'll need to manually install the necessary libraries from the bundle:

adafruit_st7735r

Before continuing make sure your board's lib folder or root filesystem has the adafruit_st7735r file copied over.

Code Example Additional Libraries

For the Code Example, you will need an additional library. We decided to make use of a library so the code didn't get

overly complicated.

https://adafru.it/FiA

Go ahead and install this in the same manner as the driver library by copying the adafruit_display_text folder over to the lib folder on your CircuitPython device.

CircuitPython Code Example

""" This test will initialize the display using displayio and draw a solid green background, a smaller purple rectangle, and some yellow text. """

import board import terminalio import displayio from adafruit_display_text import label from adafruit_st7735r import ST7735R

# Release any resources currently in use for the displays displayio.release_displays()

spi = board.SPI() tft_cs = board.D5 tft_dc = board.D6

display_bus = displayio.FourWire( spi, command=tft_dc, chip_select=tft_cs, reset=board.D9 )

display = ST7735R(display_bus, width=128, height=128, colstart=2, rowstart=1)

# Make the display context splash = displayio.Group(max_size=10) display.show(splash)

color_bitmap = displayio.Bitmap(128, 128, 1) color_palette = displayio.Palette(1) color_palette[0] = 0x00FF00 # Bright Green

bg_sprite = displayio.TileGrid(color_bitmap, pixel_shader=color_palette, x=0, y=0) splash.append(bg_sprite)

# Draw a smaller inner rectangle inner_bitmap = displayio.Bitmap(108, 108, 1) inner_palette = displayio.Palette(1) inner_palette[0] = 0xAA0088 # Purple inner_sprite = displayio.TileGrid(inner_bitmap, pixel_shader=inner_palette, x=10, y=10) splash.append(inner_sprite)

# Draw a label text = "Hello World!" text_area = label.Label(terminalio.FONT, text=text, color=0xFFFF00, x=30, y=64) splash.append(text_area)

while True: pass

Let's take a look at the sections of code one by one. We start by importing the board so that we can

initialize SPI , displayio , terminalio for the font, a label , and the adafruit_st7735r driver.

import board import displayio import terminalio from adafruit_display_text import label from adafruit_st7735r import ST7735R

Next we release any previously used displays. This is important because if the Feather is reset, the display pins are not

automatically released and this makes them available for use again.

displayio.release_displays()

Next, we set the SPI object to the board's SPI with the easy shortcut function board.SPI() . By using this function, it

finds the SPI module and initializes using the default SPI parameters.

spi = board.SPI() tft_cs = board.D5 tft_dc = board.D6

In the next line, we set the display bus to FourWire which makes use of the SPI bus.

display_bus = displayio.FourWire(spi, command=tft_dc, chip_select=tft_cs, reset=board.D9)

Finally, we initialize the driver with a width of 128 and a height of 128. If we stopped at this point and ran the code, we

would have a terminal that we could type at and have the screen update. This display has a couple of empty columns

and an unused row, so we pass it the colstart and rowstart parameters.

display = ST7735R(display_bus, width=128, height=128, colstart=2, rowstart=1)

Next we create a background splash image. We do this by creating a group that we can add elements to and adding

that group to the display. In this example, we are limiting the maximum number of elements to 10, but this can be

increased if you would like. The display will automatically handle updating the group.

splash = displayio.Group(max_size=10) display.show(splash)

Next we create a Bitmap which is like a canvas that we can draw on. In this case we are creating the Bitmap to be the

same size as the screen, but only have one color. The Bitmaps can currently handle up to 256 different colors. We

create a Palette with one color and set that color to 0x00FF00 which happens to be green. Colors are Hexadecimal

values in the format of RRGGBB. Even though the Bitmaps can only handle 256 colors at a time, you get to define what

those 256 different colors are.

color_bitmap = displayio.Bitmap(128, 128, 1) color_palette = displayio.Palette(1) color_palette[0] = 0x00FF00 # Bright Green

With all those pieces in place, we create a TileGrid by passing the bitmap and palette and draw it at (0, 0) which

represents the display's upper left.

bg_sprite = displayio.TileGrid(color_bitmap, pixel_shader=color_palette, x=0, y=0) splash.append(bg_sprite)

Next we will create a smaller purple square. The easiest way to do this is the create a new bitmap that is a little smaller

than the full screen with a single color and place it in a specific location. In this case, we will create a bitmap that is 10 pixels smaller on each side. The screen is 128x128, so we'll want to subtract 20 from each of those numbers.

We'll also want to place it at the position (10, 10) so that it ends up centered.

inner_bitmap = displayio.Bitmap(108, 108, 1) inner_palette = displayio.Palette(1) inner_palette[0] = 0xAA0088 # Purple inner_sprite = displayio.TileGrid(inner_bitmap, pixel_shader=inner_palette, x=10, y=10) splash.append(inner_sprite)

Since we are adding this after the first square, it's automatically drawn on top. Here's what it looks like now.

Next let's add a label that says "Hello World!" on top of that. We're going to use the built-in Terminal Font. In this

example, we won't be doing any scaling because of the small resolution compared to some of the other displays, so

we'll add the label directly the main group. If we were scaling, we would have used a subgroup.

Labels are centered vertically, so we'll place it at 64 for the Y coordinate, and around 30 pixels make it appear to be

centered horizontally, but if you want to change the text, change this to whatever looks good to you. Let's go with

some yellow text, so we'll pass it a value of 0xFFFF00 .

text = "Hello World!" text_area = label.Label(terminalio.FONT, text=text, color=0xFFFF00, x=30, y=64) splash.append(text_area)

Finally, we place an infinite loop at the end so that the graphics screen remains in place and isn't replaced by a

terminal.

while True: pass

Where to go from here

Be sure to check out this excellent guide to CircuitPython Display Support Using displayio (https://adafru.it/EGh)

Python Wiring and Setup

Wiring

It's easy to use display breakouts with Python and the Adafruit CircuitPython RGB Display (https://adafru.it/u1C) module.

This module allows you to easily write Python code to control the display.

We'll cover how to wire the display to your Raspberry Pi. First assemble your display.

Since there's

dozens

of Linux computers/boards you can use we will show wiring for Raspberry Pi. For other

platforms, please visit the guide for CircuitPython on Linux to see whether your platform is

supported (https://adafru.it/BSN).

Connect the display as shown below to your Raspberry Pi.

ILI9341 and HX-8357-based Displays

2.2" Display

CLK connects to SPI clock. On the Raspberry Pi, thats SLCK MOSI connects to SPI MOSI. On the Raspberry Pi, thats also MOSI CS connects to our SPI Chip Select pin. We'll be using CE0 D/C connects to our SPI Chip Select pin. We'll be using GPIO 25, but this can be changed later. RST connects to our Reset pin. We'll be using GPIO 24 but this can be changed later as well. Vin connects to the Raspberry Pi's 3V pin GND connects to the Raspberry Pi's ground

Note this is not a kernel driver that will let you have the console appear on the TFT. However, this is handy

when you can't install an fbtft driver, and want to use the TFT purely from 'user Python' code!



You can only use this technique with Linux/computer devices that have hardware SPI support, and not all

single board computers have an SPI device so check before continuing



https://adafru.it/H6C

2.4", 2.8", 3.2", and 3.5" Displays

These displays are set up to use the 8-bit data lines by default. We want to use them for SPI. To do that, you'll need to

either solder bridge some pads on the back or connect the appropriate IM lines to 3.3V with jumper wires. Check the

back of your display for the correct solder pads or IM lines to put it in SPI mode.

Vin connects to the Raspberry Pi's 3V pin GND connects to the Raspberry Pi's ground CLK connects to SPI clock. On the Raspberry Pi, thats SLCK MOSI connects to SPI MOSI. On the Raspberry Pi, thats also MOSI CS connects to our SPI Chip Select pin. We'll be using CE0 D/C connects to our SPI Chip Select pin. We'll be using GPIO 25, but this can be changed later. RST connects to our Reset pin. We'll be using GPIO 24 but this can be changed later as well.

These larger displays are set to use 8-bit data lines by default and may need to be modified to use SPI.



https://adafru.it/H7a

ST7789 and ST7735-based Displays

1.3", 1.54", and 2.0" IPS TFT Display

Vin connects to the Raspberry Pi's 3V pin GND connects to the Raspberry Pi's ground CLK connects to SPI clock. On the Raspberry Pi, thats SLCK MOSI connects to SPI MOSI. On the Raspberry Pi, thats also MOSI CS connects to our SPI Chip Select pin. We'll be using CE0 RST connects to our Reset pin. We'll be using GPIO 24 but this can be changed later. D/C connects to our SPI Chip Select pin. We'll be using GPIO 25, but this can be changed later as well.

https://adafru.it/H7d

0.96", 1.14", and 1.44" Displays

Vin connects to the Raspberry Pi's 3V pin GND connects to the Raspberry Pi's ground CLK connects to SPI clock. On the Raspberry Pi, thats SLCK MOSI connects to SPI MOSI. On the Raspberry Pi, thats also MOSI CS connects to our SPI Chip Select pin. We'll be using CE0 RST connects to our Reset pin. We'll be using GPIO 24 but this can be changed later. D/C connects to our SPI Chip Select pin. We'll be using GPIO 25, but this can be changed later as well.

https://adafru.it/H7B

1.8" Display

GND connects to the Raspberry Pi's ground Vin connects to the Raspberry Pi's 3V pin RST connects to our Reset pin. We'll be using GPIO 24 but this can be changed later. D/C connects to our SPI Chip Select pin. We'll be using GPIO 25, but this can be changed later as well. CS connects to our SPI Chip Select pin. We'll be using CE0 MOSI connects to SPI MOSI. On the Raspberry Pi, thats also MOSI CLK connects to SPI clock. On the Raspberry Pi, thats SLCK LITE connects to the Raspberry Pi's 3V pin. This can be used to separately control the backlight.

https://adafru.it/H8a

SSD1351-based Displays

1.27" and 1.5" OLED Displays

GND connects to the Raspberry Pi's ground Vin connects to the Raspberry Pi's 3V pin CLK connects to SPI clock. On the Raspberry Pi, thats SLCK MOSI connects to SPI MOSI. On the Raspberry Pi, thats also MOSI CS connects to our SPI Chip Select pin. We'll be using CE0 RST connects to our Reset pin. We'll be using GPIO 24 but this can be changed later. D/C connects to our SPI Chip Select pin. We'll be using GPIO 25, but this can be changed later as well.

https://adafru.it/H8e

SSD1331-based Display

0.96" OLED Display

MOSI connects to SPI MOSI. On the Raspberry Pi, thats also MOSI CLK connects to SPI clock. On the Raspberry Pi, thats SLCK D/C connects to our SPI Chip Select pin. We'll be using GPIO 25, but this can be changed later. RST connects to our Reset pin. We'll be using GPIO 24 but this can be changed later as well. CS connects to our SPI Chip Select pin. We'll be using CE0 Vin connects to the Raspberry Pi's 3V pin GND connects to the Raspberry Pi's ground

https://adafru.it/OaF

Setup

You'll need to install the Adafruit_Blinka library that provides the CircuitPython support in Python. This may also require

enabling SPI on your platform and verifying you are running Python 3. Since each platform is a little different, and Linux

changes often, please visit the CircuitPython on Linux guide to get your computer ready (https://adafru.it/BSN)!

Python Installation of RGB Display Library

Once that's done, from your command line run the following command:

sudo pip3 install adafruit-circuitpython-rgb-display

If your default Python is version 3 you may need to run 'pip' instead. Just make sure you aren't trying to use

CircuitPython on Python 2.x, it isn't supported!

If that complains about pip3 not being installed, then run this first to install it:

sudo apt-get install python3-pip

DejaVu TTF Font

If you have previously installed the Kernel Driver with the PiTFT Easy Setup, you will need to remove it first in

order to run this example.



Raspberry Pi usually comes with the DejaVu font already installed, but in case it didn't, you can run the following to

install it:

sudo apt-get install ttf-dejavu

Pillow Library

We also need PIL, the Python Imaging Library, to allow graphics and using text with custom fonts. There are several

system libraries that PIL relies on, so installing via a package manager is the easiest way to bring in everything:

sudo apt-get install python3-pil

That's it. You should be ready to go.

Python Usage

Now that you have everything setup, we're going to look over three different examples. For the first, we'll take a look at

automatically scaling and cropping an image and then centering it on the display.

Turning on the Backlight

On some displays, the backlight is controlled by a separate pin such as the 1.3" TFT Bonnet with Joystick. On such

displays, running the below code will likely result in the display remaining black. To turn on the backlight, you will need

to add a small snippet of code. If your backlight pin number differs, be sure to change it in the code:

# Turn on the Backlight backlight = DigitalInOut(board.D26) backlight.switch_to_output() backlight.value = True

Displaying an Image

Here's the full code to the example. We will go through it section by section to help you better understand what is

going on. Let's start by downloading an image of Blinka. This image has enough border to allow resizing and cropping

with a variety of display sizes and rations to still look good.

Make sure you save it as blinka.jpg and place it in the same folder as your script. Here's the code we'll be loading onto

the Raspberry Pi. We'll go over the interesting parts.

""" Be sure to check the learn guides for more usage information.

This example is for use on (Linux) computers that are using CPython with Adafruit Blinka to support CircuitPython libraries. CircuitPython does

If you have previously installed the Kernel Driver with the PiTFT Easy Setup, you will need to remove it first in

order to run this example.



not support PIL/pillow (python imaging library)!

Author(s): Melissa LeBlanc-Williams for Adafruit Industries """

import digitalio import board from PIL import Image, ImageDraw import adafruit_rgb_display.ili9341 as ili9341 import adafruit_rgb_display.st7789 as st7789 # pylint: disable=unused-import import adafruit_rgb_display.hx8357 as hx8357 # pylint: disable=unused-import import adafruit_rgb_display.st7735 as st7735 # pylint: disable=unused-import import adafruit_rgb_display.ssd1351 as ssd1351 # pylint: disable=unused-import import adafruit_rgb_display.ssd1331 as ssd1331 # pylint: disable=unused-import

# Configuration for CS and DC pins (these are PiTFT defaults): cs_pin = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.CE0) dc_pin = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.D25) reset_pin = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.D24)

# Config for display baudrate (default max is 24mhz): BAUDRATE = 24000000

# Setup SPI bus using hardware SPI: spi = board.SPI()

# pylint: disable=line-too-long # Create the display: # disp = st7789.ST7789(spi, rotation=90, # 2.0" ST7789 # disp = st7789.ST7789(spi, height=240, y_offset=80, rotation=180, # 1.3", 1.54" ST7789 # disp = st7789.ST7789(spi, rotation=90, width=135, height=240, x_offset=53, y_offset=40, # 1.14" ST7789 # disp = hx8357.HX8357(spi, rotation=180, # 3.5" HX8357 # disp = st7735.ST7735R(spi, rotation=90, # 1.8" ST7735R # disp = st7735.ST7735R(spi, rotation=270, height=128, x_offset=2, y_offset=3, # 1.44" ST7735R # disp = st7735.ST7735R(spi, rotation=90, bgr=True, # 0.96" MiniTFT ST7735R # disp = ssd1351.SSD1351(spi, rotation=180, # 1.5" SSD1351 # disp = ssd1351.SSD1351(spi, height=96, y_offset=32, rotation=180, # 1.27" SSD1351 # disp = ssd1331.SSD1331(spi, rotation=180, # 0.96" SSD1331 disp = ili9341.ILI9341( spi, rotation=90, # 2.2", 2.4", 2.8", 3.2" ILI9341 cs=cs_pin, dc=dc_pin, rst=reset_pin, baudrate=BAUDRATE, ) # pylint: enable=line-too-long

# Create blank image for drawing. # Make sure to create image with mode 'RGB' for full color. if disp.rotation % 180 == 90: height = disp.width # we swap height/width to rotate it to landscape! width = disp.height else: width = disp.width # we swap height/width to rotate it to landscape! height = disp.height image = Image.new("RGB", (width, height))

# Get drawing object to draw on image. draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image)

# Draw a black filled box to clear the image. draw.rectangle((0, 0, width, height), outline=0, fill=(0, 0, 0)) disp.image(image)

image = Image.open("blinka.jpg")

# Scale the image to the smaller screen dimension image_ratio = image.width / image.height screen_ratio = width / height if screen_ratio < image_ratio: scaled_width = image.width * height // image.height scaled_height = height else: scaled_width = width scaled_height = image.height * width // image.width image = image.resize((scaled_width, scaled_height), Image.BICUBIC)

# Crop and center the image x = scaled_width // 2 - width // 2 y = scaled_height // 2 - height // 2 image = image.crop((x, y, x + width, y + height))

# Display image. disp.image(image)

So we start with our usual imports including a couple of Pillow modules and the display drivers. That is followed by

defining a few pins here. The reason we chose these is because they allow you to use the same code with the PiTFT if

you chose to do so.

import digitalio import board from PIL import Image, ImageDraw import adafruit_rgb_display.ili9341 as ili9341 import adafruit_rgb_display.st7789 as st7789 import adafruit_rgb_display.hx8357 as hx8357 import adafruit_rgb_display.st7735 as st7735 import adafruit_rgb_display.ssd1351 as ssd1351 import adafruit_rgb_display.ssd1331 as ssd1331

# Configuration for CS and DC pins cs_pin = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.CE0) dc_pin = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.D25) reset_pin = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.D24)

Next we'll set the baud rate from the default 24 MHz so that it works on a variety of displays. The exception to this is

the SSD1351 driver, which will automatically limit it to 16MHz even if you pass 24MHz. We'll set up out SPI bus and then

initialize the display.

We wanted to make these examples work on as many displays as possible with very few changes. The ILI9341 display

is selected by default. For other displays, go ahead and comment out the line that starts with:

disp = ili9341.ILI9341(spi,

and uncomment the line appropriate for your display. The displays have a rotation property so that it can be set in just

one place.

# Config for display baudrate (default max is 24mhz): BAUDRATE = 24000000

# Setup SPI bus using hardware SPI: spi = board.SPI()

#disp = st7789.ST7789(spi, rotation=90, # 2.0" ST7789 #disp = st7789.ST7789(spi, height=240, y_offset=80, rotation=180, # 1.3", 1.54" ST7789 #disp = st7789.ST7789(spi, rotation=90, width=135, height=240, x_offset=53, y_offset=40, # 1.14" ST7789 #disp = hx8357.HX8357(spi, rotation=180, # 3.5" HX8357 #disp = st7735.ST7735R(spi, rotation=90, # 1.8" ST7735R #disp = st7735.ST7735R(spi, rotation=270, height=128, x_offset=2, y_offset=3, # 1.44" ST7735R #disp = st7735.ST7735R(spi, rotation=90, bgr=True, # 0.96" MiniTFT ST7735R #disp = ssd1351.SSD1351(spi, rotation=180, # 1.5" SSD1351 #disp = ssd1351.SSD1351(spi, height=96, y_offset=32, rotation=180, # 1.27" SSD1351 #disp = ssd1331.SSD1331(spi, rotation=180, # 0.96" SSD1331 disp = ili9341.ILI9341(spi, rotation=90, # 2.2", 2.4", 2.8", 3.2" ILI9341 cs=cs_pin, dc=dc_pin, rst=reset_pin, baudrate=BAUDRATE)

Next we read the current rotation setting of the display and if it is 90 or 270 degrees, we need to swap the width and

height for our calculations, otherwise we just grab the width and height. We will create an image with our dimensions

and use that to create a draw object. The draw object will have all of our drawing functions.

# Create blank image for drawing. # Make sure to create image with mode 'RGB' for full color. if disp.rotation % 180 == 90: height = disp.width # we swap height/width to rotate it to landscape! width = disp.height else: width = disp.width # we swap height/width to rotate it to landscape! height = disp.height image = Image.new('RGB', (width, height))

# Get drawing object to draw on image. draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image)

Next we clear whatever is on the screen by drawing a black rectangle. This isn't strictly necessary since it will be

overwritten by the image, but it kind of sets the stage.

# Draw a black filled box to clear the image. draw.rectangle((0, 0, width, height), outline=0, fill=(0, 0, 0)) disp.image(image)

Next we open the Blinka image, which we've named blinka.jpg, which assumes it is in the same directory that you are

running the script from. Feel free to change it if it doesn't match your configuration.

image = Image.open("blinka.jpg")

Here's where it starts to get interesting. We want to scale the image so that it matches either the width or height of the

display, depending on which is smaller, so that we have some of the image to chop off when we crop it. So we start by

calculating the width to height ration of both the display and the image. If the height is the closer of the dimensions, we

want to match the image height to the display height and let it be a bit wider than the display. Otherwise, we want to

do the opposite.

Once we've figured out how we're going to scale it, we pass in the new dimensions and using a Bicubic rescaling

method, we reassign the newly rescaled image back to image . Pillow has quite a few different methods to choose

from, but Bicubic does a great job and is reasonably fast.

# Scale the image to the smaller screen dimension image_ratio = image.width / image.height screen_ratio = width / height if screen_ratio < image_ratio: scaled_width = image.width * height // image.height scaled_height = height else: scaled_width = width scaled_height = image.height * width // image.width image = image.resize((scaled_width, scaled_height), Image.BICUBIC)

Next we want to figure the starting x and y points of the image where we want to begin cropping it so that it ends up

centered. We do that by using a standard centering function, which is basically requesting the difference of the center

of the display and the center of the image. Just like with scaling, we replace the image variable with the newly

cropped image.

# Crop and center the image x = scaled_width // 2 - width // 2 y = scaled_height // 2 - height // 2 image = image.crop((x, y, x + width, y + height))

Finally, we take our image and display it. At this point, the image should have the exact same dimensions at the display

and fill it completely.

disp.image(image)

Drawing Shapes and Text

In the next example, we'll take a look at drawing shapes and text. This is very similar to the displayio example, but it

uses Pillow instead. Here's the code for that.

""" This demo will draw a few rectangles onto the screen along with some text on top of that.

This example is for use on (Linux) computers that are using CPython with Adafruit Blinka to support CircuitPython libraries. CircuitPython does not support PIL/pillow (python imaging library)!

Author(s): Melissa LeBlanc-Williams for Adafruit Industries """

import digitalio import board from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont import adafruit_rgb_display.ili9341 as ili9341 import adafruit_rgb_display.st7789 as st7789 # pylint: disable=unused-import import adafruit_rgb_display.hx8357 as hx8357 # pylint: disable=unused-import import adafruit_rgb_display.st7735 as st7735 # pylint: disable=unused-import import adafruit_rgb_display.ssd1351 as ssd1351 # pylint: disable=unused-import import adafruit_rgb_display.ssd1331 as ssd1331 # pylint: disable=unused-import

# First define some constants to allow easy resizing of shapes. BORDER = 20 FONTSIZE = 24

# Configuration for CS and DC pins (these are PiTFT defaults): cs_pin = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.CE0) dc_pin = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.D25) reset_pin = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.D24)

# Config for display baudrate (default max is 24mhz): BAUDRATE = 24000000

# Setup SPI bus using hardware SPI: spi = board.SPI()

# pylint: disable=line-too-long # Create the display: # disp = st7789.ST7789(spi, rotation=90, # 2.0" ST7789 # disp = st7789.ST7789(spi, height=240, y_offset=80, rotation=180, # 1.3", 1.54" ST7789 # disp = st7789.ST7789(spi, rotation=90, width=135, height=240, x_offset=53, y_offset=40, # 1.14" ST7789 # disp = hx8357.HX8357(spi, rotation=180, # 3.5" HX8357 # disp = st7735.ST7735R(spi, rotation=90, # 1.8" ST7735R # disp = st7735.ST7735R(spi, rotation=270, height=128, x_offset=2, y_offset=3, # 1.44" ST7735R # disp = st7735.ST7735R(spi, rotation=90, bgr=True, # 0.96" MiniTFT ST7735R # disp = ssd1351.SSD1351(spi, rotation=180, # 1.5" SSD1351 # disp = ssd1351.SSD1351(spi, height=96, y_offset=32, rotation=180, # 1.27" SSD1351 # disp = ssd1331.SSD1331(spi, rotation=180, # 0.96" SSD1331 disp = ili9341.ILI9341( spi, rotation=90, # 2.2", 2.4", 2.8", 3.2" ILI9341 cs=cs_pin, dc=dc_pin, rst=reset_pin, baudrate=BAUDRATE, ) # pylint: enable=line-too-long

# Create blank image for drawing. # Make sure to create image with mode 'RGB' for full color. if disp.rotation % 180 == 90: height = disp.width # we swap height/width to rotate it to landscape! width = disp.height else: width = disp.width # we swap height/width to rotate it to landscape! height = disp.height

image = Image.new("RGB", (width, height))

# Get drawing object to draw on image. draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image)

# Draw a green filled box as the background draw.rectangle((0, 0, width, height), fill=(0, 255, 0)) disp.image(image)

# Draw a smaller inner purple rectangle draw.rectangle( (BORDER, BORDER, width - BORDER - 1, height - BORDER - 1), fill=(170, 0, 136) )

# Load a TTF Font font = ImageFont.truetype("/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu/DejaVuSans.ttf", FONTSIZE)

# Draw Some Text text = "Hello World!" (font_width, font_height) = font.getsize(text) draw.text(

(width // 2 - font_width // 2, height // 2 - font_height // 2), text, font=font, fill=(255, 255, 0), )

# Display image. disp.image(image)

Just like in the last example, we'll do our imports, but this time we're including the ImageFont Pillow module because

we'll be drawing some text this time.

import digitalio import board from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont import adafruit_rgb_display.ili9341 as ili9341

Next we'll define some parameters that we can tweak for various displays. The BORDER will be the size in pixels of

the green border between the edge of the display and the inner purple rectangle. The FONTSIZE will be the size of

the font in points so that we can adjust it easily for different displays.

BORDER = 20 FONTSIZE = 24

Next, just like in the previous example, we will set up the display, setup the rotation, and create a draw object. If you have are using a different display than the ILI9341, go ahead and adjust your initializer as explained in the previous example. After that, we will setup the background with a green rectangle that takes up the full screen. To get green, we pass in a tuple that has our Red, Green, and Blue color values in it in that order which can be any integer from 0 to

255 .

draw.rectangle((0, 0, width, height), fill=(0, 255, 0)) disp.image(image)

Next we will draw an inner purple rectangle. This is the same color value as our example in displayio quickstart, except

the hexadecimal values have been converted to decimal. We use the BORDER parameter to calculate the size and

position that we want to draw the rectangle.

draw.rectangle((BORDER, BORDER, width - BORDER - 1, height - BORDER - 1), fill=(170, 0, 136))

Next we'll load a TTF font. The DejaVuSans.ttf font should come preloaded on your Pi in the location in the code. We

also make use of the FONTSIZE parameter that we discussed earlier.

# Load a TTF Font font = ImageFont.truetype('/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu/DejaVuSans.ttf', FONTSIZE)

Now we draw the text Hello World onto the center of the display. You may recognize the centering calculation was the

same one we used to center crop the image in the previous example. In this example though, we get the font size

values using the getsize() function of the font object.

# Draw Some Text text = "Hello World!" (font_width, font_height) = font.getsize(text) draw.text((width//2 - font_width//2, height//2 - font_height//2), text, font=font, fill=(255, 255, 0))

Finally, just like before, we display the image.

disp.image(image)

Displaying System Information

In this last example we'll take a look at getting the system information and displaying it. This can be very handy for

system monitoring. Here's the code for that example:

""" This will show some Linux Statistics on the attached display. Be sure to adjust to the display you have connected. Be sure to check the learn guides for more usage information.

This example is for use on (Linux) computers that are using CPython with Adafruit Blinka to support CircuitPython libraries. CircuitPython does not support PIL/pillow (python imaging library)! """

import time import subprocess import digitalio import board from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont import adafruit_rgb_display.ili9341 as ili9341

import adafruit_rgb_display.st7789 as st7789 # pylint: disable=unused-import import adafruit_rgb_display.hx8357 as hx8357 # pylint: disable=unused-import import adafruit_rgb_display.st7735 as st7735 # pylint: disable=unused-import import adafruit_rgb_display.ssd1351 as ssd1351 # pylint: disable=unused-import import adafruit_rgb_display.ssd1331 as ssd1331 # pylint: disable=unused-import

# Configuration for CS and DC pins (these are PiTFT defaults): cs_pin = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.CE0) dc_pin = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.D25) reset_pin = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.D24)

# Config for display baudrate (default max is 24mhz): BAUDRATE = 24000000

# Setup SPI bus using hardware SPI: spi = board.SPI()

# pylint: disable=line-too-long # Create the display: # disp = st7789.ST7789(spi, rotation=90, # 2.0" ST7789 # disp = st7789.ST7789(spi, height=240, y_offset=80, rotation=180, # 1.3", 1.54" ST7789 # disp = st7789.ST7789(spi, rotation=90, width=135, height=240, x_offset=53, y_offset=40, # 1.14" ST7789 # disp = hx8357.HX8357(spi, rotation=180, # 3.5" HX8357 # disp = st7735.ST7735R(spi, rotation=90, # 1.8" ST7735R # disp = st7735.ST7735R(spi, rotation=270, height=128, x_offset=2, y_offset=3, # 1.44" ST7735R # disp = st7735.ST7735R(spi, rotation=90, bgr=True, # 0.96" MiniTFT ST7735R # disp = ssd1351.SSD1351(spi, rotation=180, # 1.5" SSD1351 # disp = ssd1351.SSD1351(spi, height=96, y_offset=32, rotation=180, # 1.27" SSD1351 # disp = ssd1331.SSD1331(spi, rotation=180, # 0.96" SSD1331 disp = ili9341.ILI9341( spi, rotation=90, # 2.2", 2.4", 2.8", 3.2" ILI9341 cs=cs_pin, dc=dc_pin, rst=reset_pin, baudrate=BAUDRATE, ) # pylint: enable=line-too-long

# Create blank image for drawing. # Make sure to create image with mode 'RGB' for full color. if disp.rotation % 180 == 90: height = disp.width # we swap height/width to rotate it to landscape! width = disp.height else: width = disp.width # we swap height/width to rotate it to landscape! height = disp.height

image = Image.new("RGB", (width, height))

# Get drawing object to draw on image. draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image)

# Draw a black filled box to clear the image. draw.rectangle((0, 0, width, height), outline=0, fill=(0, 0, 0)) disp.image(image)

# First define some constants to allow easy positioning of text. padding = -2

x = 0

# Load a TTF font. Make sure the .ttf font file is in the # same directory as the python script! # Some other nice fonts to try: http://www.dafont.com/bitmap.php font = ImageFont.truetype("/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu/DejaVuSans.ttf", 24)

while True: # Draw a black filled box to clear the image. draw.rectangle((0, 0, width, height), outline=0, fill=0)

# Shell scripts for system monitoring from here: # https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/119126/command-to-display-memory-usage-disk-usage-andcpu-load cmd = "hostname -I | cut -d' ' -f1" IP = "IP: " + subprocess.check_output(cmd, shell=True).decode("utf-8") cmd = "top -bn1 | grep load | awk '{printf \"CPU Load: %.2f\", $(NF-2)}'" CPU = subprocess.check_output(cmd, shell=True).decode("utf-8") cmd = "free -m | awk 'NR==2{printf \"Mem: %s/%s MB %.2f%%\", $3,$2,$3*100/$2 }'" MemUsage = subprocess.check_output(cmd, shell=True).decode("utf-8") cmd = 'df -h | awk \'$NF=="/"{printf "Disk: %d/%d GB %s", $3,$2,$5}\'' Disk = subprocess.check_output(cmd, shell=True).decode("utf-8") cmd = "cat /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone0/temp | awk '{printf \"CPU Temp: %.1f C\", $(NF-0) / 1000}'" # pylint: disable=line-too-long Temp = subprocess.check_output(cmd, shell=True).decode("utf-8")

# Write four lines of text. y = padding draw.text((x, y), IP, font=font, fill="#FFFFFF") y += font.getsize(IP)[1] draw.text((x, y), CPU, font=font, fill="#FFFF00") y += font.getsize(CPU)[1] draw.text((x, y), MemUsage, font=font, fill="#00FF00") y += font.getsize(MemUsage)[1] draw.text((x, y), Disk, font=font, fill="#0000FF") y += font.getsize(Disk)[1] draw.text((x, y), Temp, font=font, fill="#FF00FF")

# Display image. disp.image(image) time.sleep(0.1)

Just like the last example, we'll start by importing everything we imported, but we're adding two more imports. The first

one is time so that we can add a small delay and the other is subprocess so we can gather some system information.

import time import subprocess import digitalio import board from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont import adafruit_rgb_display.ili9341 as ili9341

Next, just like in the first two examples, we will set up the display, setup the rotation, and create a draw object. If you have are using a different display than the ILI9341, go ahead and adjust your initializer as explained in the previous example.

Just like in the first example, we're going to draw a black rectangle to fill up the screen. After that, we're going to set up

a couple of constants to help with positioning text. The first is the padding and that will be the Y-position of the top-

most text and the other is x which is the X-Position and represents the left side of the text.

# First define some constants to allow easy positioning of text. padding = -2 x = 0

Next, we load a font just like in the second example.

font = ImageFont.truetype('/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu/DejaVuSans.ttf', 24)

Now we get to the main loop and by using while True: , it will loop until Control+C is pressed on the keyboard. The

first item inside here, we clear the screen, but notice that instead of giving it a tuple like before, we can just pass 0

and it will draw black.

draw.rectangle((0, 0, width, height), outline=0, fill=0)

Next, we run a few scripts using the subprocess function that get called to the Operating System to get information.

The in each command is passed through awk in order to be formatted better for the display. By having the OS do the

work, we don't have to. These little scripts came from https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/119126/command-to-

display-memory-usage-disk-usage-and-cpu-load

cmd = "hostname -I | cut -d\' \' -f1" IP = "IP: "+subprocess.check_output(cmd, shell=True).decode("utf-8") cmd = "top -bn1 | grep load | awk '{printf \"CPU Load: %.2f\", $(NF-2)}'" CPU = subprocess.check_output(cmd, shell=True).decode("utf-8") cmd = "free -m | awk 'NR==2{printf \"Mem: %s/%s MB %.2f%%\", $3,$2,$3*100/$2 }'" MemUsage = subprocess.check_output(cmd, shell=True).decode("utf-8") cmd = "df -h | awk '$NF==\"/\"{printf \"Disk: %d/%d GB %s\", $3,$2,$5}'" Disk = subprocess.check_output(cmd, shell=True).decode("utf-8") cmd = "cat /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone0/temp | awk \'{printf \"CPU Temp: %.1f C\", $(NF-0) / 1000}\'" # pylint: disable=line-too-long Temp = subprocess.check_output(cmd, shell=True).decode("utf-8")

Now we display the information for the user. Here we use yet another way to pass color information. We can pass it as

a color string using the pound symbol, just like we would with HTML. With each line, we take the height of the line

using getsize() and move the pointer down by that much.

y = padding draw.text((x, y), IP, font=font, fill="#FFFFFF") y += font.getsize(IP)[1] draw.text((x, y), CPU, font=font, fill="#FFFF00") y += font.getsize(CPU)[1] draw.text((x, y), MemUsage, font=font, fill="#00FF00") y += font.getsize(MemUsage)[1] draw.text((x, y), Disk, font=font, fill="#0000FF") y += font.getsize(Disk)[1] draw.text((x, y), Temp, font=font, fill="#FF00FF")

Finally, we write all the information out to the display using disp.image() . Since we are looping, we tell Python to sleep

for 0.1 seconds so that the CPU never gets too busy.

disp.image(image) time.sleep(.1)



Troubleshooting

Display does not work on initial power but does work after a reset.

The display driver circuit needs a small amount of time to be ready after initial power. If your code tries to write to the

display too soon, it may not be ready. It will work on reset since that typically does not cycle power. If you are having

this issue, try adding a small amount of delay before trying to write to the display.

In Arduino, use delay() to add a few milliseconds before calling tft.begin(). Adjust the amount of delay as needed to

see how little you can get away with for your specific setup.

Downloads

Files & Datasheets

ST7735R display driver datasheet (https://adafru.it/aP9)

Raw 1.44" TFT Datasheet (https://adafru.it/dYA)

Fritzing object in Adafruit Fritzing library (https://adafru.it/aP3)

EagleCAD PCB files in GitHub (https://adafru.it/pAu)

Schematics & PCB Print

Adafruit 1.44 Color TFT User manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual