This operation manual is expected to assist both Embedded Computer manufacturers and users in installing
and setting up the system. The inform ation contained in this document is subject to change without any
notice.
This document is c opyrighted, 2000, by Acrosser Technology Co., Ltd. All rights are reserved. No part of
this manual may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retr ieval system, or trans lated into any
language or computer language, in any form or any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical,
chemical, manual or other means without the prior written permission of original manufacturer.
Acrosser Technology assum es no responsibility or warranty with respect to the content in this manual and
specifically disclaims any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose.
Furthermore, Acros ser Technology reserves the rights to m ake im provements to the products desc ribed in
this manual at any times without notice. Such revisions will be posted on the Internet
(WWW.ACROSSER.COM
Possession, use, or copy of the software described in this publication is authorized only pursuant to a valid
written license from Acrosser or an authorized sub licensor.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
All other trademarks and registered trademarks mentioned herein are the property of their respective
owners.
3-1. UTILITY DISK FILE................................................................................................................................ 20
4. AMI BIOS SETUP...................................................................................................................................... 22
! About This Manual
! System Specifications
! Safety precautions
! Experienced users can skip to chapter 2 on page 5 for Quick Start.
~ Page 1 ~
Page 6
1-1. ABOUT THIS MANUAL
Thanks for purchasing our AR-B1684 serial ---Socket 370 Pentium III Grade CPU Card with VGA / LAN /
SCSI, fully PC / AT compatible. This manual contains five chapters. By following the instructions herein, you
can easily use AR-B1684 CPU board.
AR-B1684 serial CPU card include AR-B1684VSL2, AR-B1684VSL, AR- B1684VL2 and AR-B1684VL. The
list below indicates the different.
AR-B1684 serial doesn’t keyboard control function. That’s because VT82C686B sourth bridge doesn’t
provide this function.
AR-B1684VSL2: On-board VGA, on-board dual 10/100 base Ethernet and on-board one two-channels
Ultra160 SCSI.
AR-B1684VSL: On-board VGA, on-board single 10/100 base Ethernet and on-board one two-channels
Ultra160 SCSI.
AR-B1684VL2: On-board VGA, on-board dual 10/100 base Ethernet.
AR-B1684VL: On-board VGA, on-board single 10/100 base Ethernet.
The contents of this manual are base on AR-B1684VSL2.
Chapter 1 Introduction
This chapter notifies you how to avoid the damages against this CPU Card as well as describes the
background of this manual and the specification of AR-B1684..
Chapter 2 Hardware Configuration
This chapter outlines the components' locations and their f unctions . From this part, you can find how to set
jumper and configure this card, as you need.
Chapter 3 Software Utilities
Helpful information about the proper installations of the VGA, LAN, SCSI and the W atchdog-tim er function
are provided in this chapter.
Chapter 4 AMI BIOS Setup
This chapter indicates you how to set up the BIOS configurations.
Appendix A Expansion Bus
This section introduces you the expansion bus for ISA BUS and PICMG.
Appendix B Technical Summary
This section gives you the information about the Technical maps.
Appendix C Trouble Shooting
This section outlines the errors might occur and some solutions are suggested.
~ Page 2 ~
Page 7
1-2. SYSTEM SPECIFICATION
CPU:
Supports 333~1GHz Socket 370 Celeron / Coppermine Pentium III grade CPU
Use dual RT8139Cs chipset, support 10/100M Base T with RJ-45 connectors built-in LEDs.
SCSI:
Use SYMBIOS53C1010-33 or equivalent, supports two-channel Ultra-W ide SCSI III with 160MB transfer
rate and two 68-pin SCSI connectors.
SUPER I/O:
2 PCI IDE---with two 2.54 mm 40-pin connectors. (Support up to ATA-100)
1 FDC---with 2.54mm 34 -pin connector.
1 Parallel--- with 2.54 mm 26-pin connector. Supports SPP/EPP/ECP mode.
1 RS-232C-COM port 1 with DB9 connector located at bracket.
1 RS-232C/IrDA/Touch Screen –COM port 2.
IrDA use 2.54mm 5-pin header.
Touch Screen uses 2.0mm 3-pin JST connector.
BIOS:
AMI flash BIOS (256KB, including VGA/SCSI BIOS) Supports utility program for easy to update new version
of BIOS.
KEYBOARD/MOUSE:
PS/2 compatible with 2.0mm 6-pin JST connector and 6-pin mini-DIN connector located at bracket.
BUS INTERFACE:
PICMG -ISA
VGA DISPLAY:
S3 ProSavage AGP 4X VGA with display memory shared with system memory (2MB~32MB).
CRT-with HDB 15-pin connector located at bracket.
WATCHDOG:
System independent watchdog timer
SYSTEM POWER REQUIREMENT:
+5V-5.0A max. & +12V-1.0A max. (Based on 500 MHz CPU).
USB:
Built-in 4 ports USB interface with USB socket at bracket
RTC:
Chipset supports ACPI Function.
~ Page 3 ~
Page 8
SPEAKER:
Supports on-board buzzer and external speaker. (With 2.5mm 4-pin header).
2-pin Reset, hard disk LED, and power/watchdog LEDs.
3-pin CPU cooling fan and Chassis cooling fan.
BUS DRIVER CAP:
High driver for 32 TTL level loads (max.)
CPU SP:
Separated Vcore and Vio.
CE DESIGN-IN:
Add EMI components to COM ports, Parallel port, CRT, USB, Keyboard, and PS/2 mouse.
PC BOARD:
6 layers, EMI considered, especially in switching power layout.
BOARD DIMENSION:
Compact size 338.6mm x 121.9mm(13.33" x 4.80")
1-3. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Follow the messages hereinafter to protect your systems from damage on all occasions.
Touch a grounded metal object to discharge the static electricity in your body (or ideally, wear a grounded
wrist strap)
Stay safe from the electric shock. Don‘t touc h any c omponents of this card when the card is on. Always
switch off power when the system is not in use.
Disconnect power when changing any hardware devices. For instance, when you connect a jumper or install
any cards, a surge of power may damage the electronic components or the whole system.
AR-B1684 Connector, Jumper and Component Locations
RST SPKHDLJ1PLKL
J2
FAN1
AR-B9460 Connector, Jumper and Component Locations
DIMM3
DIMM2
DIMM1
LPT
IDE1
IDE2
FDD
ATX
U24
PSW
CN1
CN2
KM2
T.C.
COMB
COMA
LAN1
CRT
KM1
SCSIA
JP1
8
J3
127
J5
J8
SCSIB
JP2
IR
J7
J6
KM1
CN2
LAN2
USB1USB2
CN1
2-3. HOW TO SET JUMPERS
A jumper consists of two or three metal pins with a plastic base m ounted on the card, and a sm all plastic
cap (with a metal contact inside) to connect the pins, so you can set up your hardware configuration by
"open" or close the pins. The jum per can be combined into sets, which called jumper block s. When the
jumpers are all in the block, you have to put them together to set up the hardware configuration. The f igure
below shows how it looks.
2 PIN
3 PIN
JUMPERS AND CAP
If a jumper has three pins , for exam ple, labeled PIN1, PIN2, and PIN3, you can either connect PIN1 & PIN2
to create one setting and shorting or connect PIN2 & PIN3 to create another setting. The jum per setting
rules are applied throughout this manual.
CAP
~ Page 7 ~
Page 12
2-4. SYSTEM CLOCK SELECT AND CPU SETTING (J3)
System clock is automatically detected by BIOS.
2
8
1
PIN 1-2 PIN 3-4 PIN 5-6 PIN 7.8
AUTO ON ON OFF OFF
133MHz OFF OFF OFF OFF
100MHz OFF OFF OFF ON
66MHz OFF OFF ON ON
7
2-5. DOC MEMORY MAPPING (J7)
2
1
J7 1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8
D000H ON OFF OFF OFF
D200H OFF ON OFF OFF
D400H OFF OFF ON OFF
D600H OFF OFF OFF ON
The PS2 connector can support Keyboard & Mouse.
The pin assignments for PS2 Connector are as follows:
1
6
9
5
34
12
PIN ASSIGNMENT
1 KBDATA
2 MSDATA
3 GND
4 Vcc
5 KBCLK
6 MSCLK
2-9. EXTERNAL KEYBOARD & MOUSE CONNECTOR (KM2)
EXPS2: External PS2 Connector
The pin assignments are as follows:
PIN ASSIGNMENT
1 KBDATA
2 MSDATA
3 GND
4 Vcc
5 KBCLK
6 MSCLK
~ Page 9 ~
Page 14
2-10. RESET SWITCH (RST)
1. RS
2. GND
2-11. HDD LED Header (HDL)
1. VCC
2. HD LED
2-12. POWER LED & KEYLOCK CONNECTOR (PLKL)
AR-B1684 serial doesn’t keyboard control function. That’s because VT82C686B sourth bridge
doesn’t provide this function.
1. PWLED
2. X
3. GND
4. KLOCK
5. GND
2-13. IR CONNECTOR (IR)
1. +5V
2. NC
3. RX
4. GND
5. TX
~ Page 10 ~
Page 15
2-14. FLOPPY DISK DRIVE CONNECTOR (FDD)
FDD: Floppy Disk Drive Connector
You can use a 34-pin daisy-chain cable to connect a two-FDD. One end of this c able is to attac h the
FDD on the board and the other one is to attach the two-FDD.
The AR-B1684 possesses two HDD connectors, IDE1 and IDE2. The pin assignments are as
follows:
2
40
1
PIN SIGNAL PIN SIGNAL
1 -RESET 2 GROUND
3 DATA 7 4 DATA 8
5 DATA 6 6 DATA 9
7 DATA 5 8 DATA 10
9 DATA 4 10 DATA 11
11 DATA 3 12 DATA 12
13 DATA 2 14 DATA 13
15 DATA 1 16 DATA 14
17 DATA 0 18 DATA 15
19 GROUND 20 NOT USED
21 IDEDRQA 22 GROUND
23 -LOW A 24 GROUND
25 -LOR A 26 GROUND
27 -CHRDY A 28 GROUND
29 DACKA 30 GROUND
31 -IRQ 14 32 NOT USED
33 SA 1 34 NOT USED
35 SA 0 36 SA2
37 CS 0 38 SA1
39 HD LED A 40 NOT USED
2-16. SPEAKER/BUZZER (SPK)
1. VCC
39
3-4 on (Factory Default Setting)
Enable Internal Buzzer
~ Page 12 ~
2. NC
3. BUZZER
4. SPKR
Page 17
2-17. ETHERNET RJ-45 CONNECTOR (LAN1)
The pin assignments are as follows:
1: TPTX+
2: TPTX3: TPRX+
18
4: Not Used
5: Not Used
6: TPRX7: Not Used
8: Not Used
2-18. VGA CRT CONNECTOR (CRT)
1: Red
2: Green
3: Blue
13: Horizontial
14: Vertical
4, 9, 11, 12, 15: Not Used
10
15
6
1115
5, 10: Ground
6, 7, 8: GND
2-19. WATCHDOG CONNECTOR (J1)
1. VCC
2. WD LED
2-20. SCSI LED Header (J2)
1. VCC
2. SCSI LED
~ Page 13 ~
Page 18
2-21. PRINTER CONNECTOR (LPT)
As to link the Printer to the card, a cable is needed to connect both DB25 connec tor and parallel
port. The pin assignments are as follows:
1.W98600.EXE (In disk 1682_DRV#3) is a WIN98 DRIVER for VGA.
2.DRV#1~DRV#2 is ETHERNET DRIVER disk.
3.DRV#4 DISK is INTEL CHIPSET 440BX PIIX4 SETUP DRIVER
4.DRV#5 DISK is SCSI DRIVER FOR WIN95, NT AND WIN98, NT DRIVERS
3-2. SETUP
VIA 4in1 DRIVER SETUP
WIN95: The first step is to execute the SETUP.EXE in DISK#4, the system will update the driver
automatically, the next step is to reboot the system, and then the driver of PIIX4 CHIPSET will be installed to
the system correctly.
WINNT : The f irst s tep is to exec ute the INTEL\NT \SET UP.EXE in DISK#4, the system will update the driver
automatically, the next step is to reboot the system, and then the driver of PIIX4 CHIPSET will be installed to
the system correctly.
WIN95 VGA SETUP
To update display driver by choosing display interface card, put disk#5 in driver A, the driver of S3
ProSavage will be found, and reboot your system after setup will be ok.
WIN 95 SCSI DRIVER SETUP
The first step is to execute the file W IN9598.EXE included in folder SCSIDRV in disk#5, and then chose
‘Add the new hardware ‘ in the console, chose the option ’Chose the hardware fr om the list’, then chos e the
‘SCSI control card’ and ‘Install from diskette, the WIN95 SCSI DRIVER of SYS53C1010 will be installed.
WIN NT SCSI DRIVER SETUP
The first step is to execute A:\SCSIDRV\W INNT .EXE, a folder nam ed ‘Test’ will be built up in driver C, and
the next step is to reboot the system, press F3 when you chose the display mode, enter the Load driver
program display, chose the direction C:\TEST\WINNT\MINPORT, and then the SCSI DRIVER will be
installed.
1684_DRV#6
~ Page 20 ~
Page 25
3-3. WATCHDOG TIMER CONFIGURATION
I/O port address 215h
Use Debug.exe to control WATCHDOG
~ Page 21 ~
Page 26
4. AMI BIOS SETUP
The following topics are covered:
# BIOS Setup Overview
# Standard CMOS Setup
# Advanced CMOS Setup
# Advanced Chipset Setup
# Power Management
# PCI/Plug and Play
# Peripheral Setup
# Hardware Monitor Setup
# Auto-Detect Hard Disks
# Password Setting
# Load Default Setting
# BIOS Exit
# BIOS Update
~ Page 22 ~
Page 27
4-1. BIOS SETUP OVERVIEW
The BIOS is a program used to initialize and set up the I/O system of the com puter, which includes the PCI
bus and connected devices such as the video display, diskette drive, and the keyboard.
The BIOS provides a menu- based interface to the console s ubsystem. The c onsole subsystem contains
special software, called firmware that interacts directly with the hardware components and facilitates
interaction between the system hardware and the operating system.
The BIOS default values ensure that the system will function at its normal capability. In the worst situation
the user may have corrupted the original settings set by the manufacturer.
After the computer is turned on, the BIOS will perf orm diagnostic s on the system and display the size of the
memory that is being tested. Press the [Del] key to enter the BIOS Setup program, and then the main m enu
will show on the screen.
The BIOS Setup main m enu includes some options. Use the [Up/Down] arrow key to highlight the option
that you wish to modify, and then press the [Enter] key to select the option and configure the functions.
AMIBIOS HIFLEX SETUP UTILITY - VERSION 1.23
(C) 1999 American Megatrends, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Standard CMOS Setup
Advanced CMOS Setup
Advanced Chipset Setup
Power Management Setup
PCI/Plug and Play Setup
Peripheral Setup
Hardware Monitor Setup
Auto-Detect Hard Disks
Change User Password
Change Supervisor Password
Auto Configuration with Optimal Settings
Auto Configuration with Fail Safe Settings
Save Settings and Exit
Exit Without Saving
Standard CMOS setup for changing time, date, hard disk type,
etc.
BIOS: Setup Main Menu
CAUTION:
1. In the AR-B1684 BIOS the factory-default setting is the <Auto Configuration with Optimal Settings>
Acrosser recom mends using the BIOS default settings, unless you are very familiar with the settings f unction, or
you can contact the technical support engineers (FAE).
2. If the BIOS loses the settings, the CMOS will detect the <Auto Conf iguration with Fail Safe Settings> to
boot the operating system. This option will reduce the performance of the system. Acrosser recommends
choosing the <Auto Configuration with Optimal Settings> in the main menu. This option gives best-case
values that should optimize system performance.
3. The BIOS settings are described in detail in this section.
~ Page 23 ~
Page 28
4-2. STANDARD CMOS SETUP
The <Standard CMOS Setup> option allows you to record some basic system har dware configurations and
set the system clock and err or handling. If the CPU board is alr eady installed in a working system, you will
not need to select this option anymore.
AMIBIOS SETUP - STANDARD CMOS SETUP
(C) 1999 American Megatrends, In c. All Rights Reserved
Date (mm/dd/yyyy): Tue Jun 02,1998 640KB
Time (hh/mm/ss): 13:39:30 63MB
Floppy Drive A: 1.44MB 3 1/2
Floppy Drive B: Not Installed
LBA Blk PIO 32Bit
Pri Master : Auto Off Off Auto Off
Pri Slave : Auto Off Off Auto Off
Sec Master Auto Off Off Auto Off
Sec Slave Auto Off Off Auto Off
Boot Sector Virus P rot ection Disabled
Month: Jan - Dec ESC:Exit ↑↓:Sel
Day: 01 - 31 PgUp/PgDn:Modify
Year: 1901 - 2099 F2/F3:Color
Date & Time Setup
Highlight the <Date> field and then press the [Page Up] /[Page Down] or [+]/[-] k eys to set the current date.
Follow the month, day and year format.
Highlight the <Time> field and then press the [Page Up] /[Page Down] or [+]/[-] keys to set the current date.
Follow the hour, minute and second format.
The user can bypass the date and time prom pts by creating an AUTOEXEC.BAT file. For inform ation on
how to create this file, please refer to the MS-DOS manual.
Floppy Setup
The <Standard CMOS Setup> option records the types of floppy disk drives installed in the system.
To enter the configuration value for a particular dr ive, highlight its corresponding field and then select the
drive type using the left-or right-arrow key.
Hard Disk Setup
The BIOS supports various types for user settings, The BIOS suppor ts <Pri Mast er> and <Pri Slave> so the
user can install up to two hard disks. For the master and slave jum pers, please refer to the hard disk’s
installation descriptions and the hard disk jumper settings.
You can select <AUTO> under the <TYPE> and <MODE> fields. This will enable auto detection of your IDE
drives during bootup. This will allow you to change your hard drives (with the power off) and then power on
without having to reconfigure your hard drive type. If you use older hard disk drives, which do not s upport
this feature, then you must configure the hard disk drive in the standard m ethod as described above by the
<USER> option.
Boot Sector Virus Protection
This option protects the boot sector and partition table of your hard disk against accidental modifications. Any
attempt to write to them will cause the system to halt and display a warning message. If this occurs, you can either
allow the operation to continue or use a bootable virus-free floppy disk to reboot and investigate your system. The
default setting is <Disabled>. This setting is recommended because it conflicts with new operating systems.
Installation of new operating systems requires that you disable this to prevent write errors.
Type Size Cyln Head Wpcom Sec Mode Mode Mode Mode
BIOS: Standard CMOS Setup
~ Page 24 ~
Page 29
4-3. ADVANCED CMOS SETUP
The <Advanced CMOS Setup> option consists of configuration entries that allow you to improve your
system performanc e, or let you set up some system features according to your preference. Som e entries
here are required by the CPU board’s design to remain in their default settings.
AMIBIOS SETUP - ADVANCED CMOS SETUP
(C) 1999 American Megatrends, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Quick Boot Enabled
1st Boot Device Floppy
2nd Boot Device IDE-0
3rd Boot Device CDROM
4th Boot Device Disabled
Try Other Boot Devices Yes
Floppy Access Control Read-Write
Hard Disk Access Control Read-Write
S.M.A.R.T. for Hard Disks Enabled
BootUp Num-Lock On
Floppy Drive Swap Disabled
Floppy Drive Seek Disabled
PS/2 Mouse Support Enabled
Typemaice Rate Fast
System Keyboard Absent
Primary Display VGA/EGA
Password Check Setup
Boot to OS/2 > 64MB No
Wait For ‘F1’ If Error Disabled
Hit ‘DEL’ Message Display Enabled
Internal Cache WriteBack
External Cache WriteBack
Cache Bus Ecc Enabled
System BIOS Cac heabl e E nabl ed
C000, 16k Shadow Enabled
C400, 16k Shadow Enabled
C800, 16k Shadow Enabled
CC00, 16k Shadow Disabled
D000, 16k Shadow Disabled
D400, 16k Shadow Disabled
D800, 16k Shadow Disabled
DC00, 16k Shadow Disabled
Available Options :
ESC:Exit ↑↓:Sel
PgUp/PgDn:Modify
F2/F3:Color
Disabled
Enabled
Advanced CMOS Setup
Quick Boot
This category speeds up the <Power On Self T est> (PO ST) af ter you power on the computer . If it is set to
Enabled, the BIOS will shorten or skip some check items during POST.
These options determine where the system looks first for an operating system.
Try Other Boot Devices
If you have other bootup device other than the above mentioned devices, s uch as IDE- 0, IDE-1, IDE- 3, IDE4, Floppy.
Floppy Access Control
This option determines the floppy access method, which can be either read only or normal (read/write).
When set to r ead only, the data in the floppy is being read instead of being written.” Normal” allows the
floppy to be read or written.
~ Page 25 ~
Page 30
HDD Access Control
This option determines the har d disk access method, which can be either r ead only or normal (read/write).
When set to read only, the data in the hard disk is being r ead instead of being written.” Norm al” allows the
floppy to be read or written.
Available options: Disabled, Enabled
S.M.A.R.T for hard Disks
S.M.A.R.T is abbreviation of Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology .It is reliable and
precautious technology. When Hard Disk disorder, It prevents Hard Disk from the loss of data.
BootUp Num-Lock
This item is used to ac tivate the Num-Lock function upon s ystem boot. If the setting is on, af ter a boot, the
Num-Lock light is lit, and the user can automatically use the number keys.
Floppy Drive Swap
The option reverses the drive letter assignments of your floppy disk drives in the Swap A, B setting,
otherwise leave on the setting to Disabled (No Swap). This work s separ ately from the BIO S Features f loppy
disk swap feature. It is functionally the same as physically interchanging the connector s of the floppy disk
drives. W hen <Enabled>, the BIOS swaps the floppy drive assignments so that Drive A becomes Drive B,
and Drive B becomes Drive A under DOS.
Floppy Drive Seek
If the <Floppy Drive Seek> item is set to
Enabled
, the BIOS will seek the floppy <A> drive one time upon
bootup.
PS/2 Mouse Support
The setting of
Enabled
allows the system to detect a PS/2 mouse on boot up. If detected, IRQ12 will be
used for the PS/2 mouse. IRQ 12 will be reser ved for expansion cards if a PS/2 m ouse is not detected.
Disabled
will reserve IRQ12 for expansion cards and therefore the PS/2 mouse will not function.
Typematic Rate
This item specifies the speed at which a keyboard keystroke is repeated.
System Keyboard
The setting of <Absent> allows the system to boot without a keyboard attached to the com puter and the
setting of <Present> is in the contrary.
Primary Display
The setting of
<Absent>
allows the system to boot without a Primary Display attached to the com puter and
the setting of <Present> is in the contrary.
Password Check
This option enables password checking every time the computer is powered on or every time the BIOS
Setup is executed. If
turned on. If
is chosen, the password prompt appears if the BIOS are executed.
Setup
Always
is chosen, a user password prompt appears every time the computer is
Boot to OS/2 >64MB
When using the OS/2 operating system with DRAM of greater than 64MB installed, you need to Enabled this
option; otherwise leave this on the setup default of
Disabled
.
Wait for ‘F1’ If Error
AMIBIOS POST error messages are followed by:
Press <F1> to continue
If this option is set to
Disabled
, the AMIBIOS does not wait for you to press the <F1> key after an error
message.
~ Page 26 ~
Page 31
Hit ‘DEL’ Message Display
Set this option to
Disabled
to prevent the following message:
Hit ‘DEL’ if you want to run setup
It will prevent the message from appearing on the first BIOS screen when the computer boots.
Internal Cache
This option specifies the caching algorithm used for the L1 internal cache memory. The settings are:
Setting Description
Disabled Neither L1 internal cache mem ory on the CPU or
L2 secondary cache memory is enabled.
WriteBack Use the write-back caching algorithm.
WriteThru Use the write-through caching algorithm.
Internal Cache Setting
External Cache
This option specifies the caching algorithm used for the L2 secondary cache memory. The settings are:
Setting Description
Disabled Neither L1 internal cache mem ory on the CPU or
L2 secondary cache memory is enabled.
WriteBack Use the write-back caching algorithm.
WriteThru Use the write-through caching algorithm.
External Cache Setting
Cache Bus ECC
This item is to set up the function of Cache Bus Error Cor rection Code, choose <Enabled> or <Disabled>
to determine if the function is available.
System BIOS Cacheable
This item is used to activate the function of re-buffering the contents of shadow RAM from system BIOS.
The default setting is
<Enable
>, which will improve the speed of system.
Shadow
These options control the location of the contents of the 16KB of ROM beginning at the spec ified mem ory
location. If no adapter ROM is using the nam ed ROM area, this area is made available to the local bus.
The settings are:
SETTING DESCRIPTION
Disabled The video ROM is not mapped to RAM. The
contents of the video ROM cannot be read fr om or
written to cache memory.
Enabled T he contents of C000h - C7FFFh are written to the
same address in system memory (RAM) for f aster
execution.
Cached This option specifies the size of the memory area
reserved for legacy ISA adapter cards.
Shadow Setting
~ Page 27 ~
Page 32
4-4. ADVANCED CHIPSET SETUP
This option controls the configuration of the board’s chipset. Control keys for this screen are the same as for
the previous screen.
AMIBIOS SETUP - ADVANCED CHIPSET SETUP
(C) 1999 American Megatrends, I nc. All Rights Reserved
Configure SDRAM Timeing by SPD E nabl ed
SDRAM RAS# to CAS# delay 2 SCLKs
RAS# Precharge 2 SCLKs
CAS# Latency 3 SCLKs
Loadoff Cmd Timing Aut o
DRAM Integrity Mode Non-ECC
Memory Hole Disabled
Graphics Aperture Size 64MB
8bit I/O Recovery Time 1 Sysclk
16bit I/O Recovery Time 1 Sysclk
USB Function Enabled
USB Keyboard / Mouse Legacy Support Enabled
ATX Power Supply Controller Disabled
LCD CRT Selectio n Both
LCD Type #5 640x480 TFT
Available Options :
Disabled
Enabled
ESC:Exit ↑↓:Sel
PgUp/PgDn:Modify
F2/F3:Color
BIOS: Advanced Chipset Setup
Configure SDRAM Timing by SPD:
SPD is the abbreviation Serial Presence Detect. SPD tak es accord the chip types, capacity, tim ing, voltage
data. The system can auto adjust memory according to the data to reach the best situation.
SDRAM RAS# to CAS# delay:
When CPU saves data from memor y, it has to deliver RAS single first, and then CAS single. The item is to
set up the interval between two singles.
RAS# Precharge:
This item is the time when RAS has to be re-located.
CAS# Latency:
This item is to s et up the time when mem ory receives one CAS single, after how m uch clock , the mem ory
starts to write and read data.
Loadoff Cmd Timing:
It is the first read-write action under burst pattern
Memory Hole:
This reserves the 15MB to 16MB memory address space for use of ISA expansion cards.
Graphics Aperture Size:
The item is to set up AGP display to use how much memory to save Texture Data.
8 bit I/O Recovery Time:
The item is to set up CPU to demand ISA Bus 8 bit how much it takes to recovery.
16 bit I/O Recovery Time:
The item is to set up CPU to demand ISA Bus 16 bit how much it takes to recovery.
~ Page 28 ~
Page 33
Memory Hole at 15-16 MB
This option specifies the range 15MB to 16MB in memory that cannot be addressed on the ISA bus.
USB Function
This option can enable or disable USB function
USB Keyboard/Mouse Legacy Suppor t
These options are used to <
ATX Power Supply Controller
If the ATX Power Supply Controller function is <Enabled>, the system will get more functions such as
shutting down the power by using software.
LCD CRT Selection
This item determines whether to use LCD Monitor or CRT Monitor in the system.
LCD Type
This option specifies the resolution of LCD.
Enabled
> the USB function and it’s only useful in the DOS mode.
~ Page 29 ~
Page 34
4-5. POWER MANAGEMENT
This section is used to configure the power management f eatur es . T his <Power management Setup> option
allows you to reduce power consumption. T his feature turns off the video dis play and shuts down the hard
disk after a period of inactivity.
MIBIOS SETUP - Power Management Set up
(C) 1998 American Megatrends, In c. All Rights Reserved
Power Management /APM Disabled
Green PC Monitor Power State Off
Video Power Down Mode Disabled
Hard Disk Power Down Mode Disabled
Hard Disk Time Out (Minute) Disabled
Standby Time Out (Minute) Disabled
Suspend Time Out (Minute) Disabled
Throttle slow Clock Ratio 25-37.5%
Modem Use IO Port 3F8h/COM1
Modem Use IRQ 3
Display Activity Ignore
Device 6 (Serial Port 1) Monitor
Device 7 (Serial Prot 2) Monitor
Device 8 (Parallel Port) Ignore
Device 5 (Floppy disk) Monitor
Device 0 (Primary master IDE) Monitor
Device 1 (Primary slave I DE) Ignore
Device 2 (Secondary mast er IDE) Monitor
Device 3 (Secondary slave IDE) Ignore
System Thermal Ignore
Thermal Slow Clock Ratio 50-62.5%
CPU Critical Temperature 65℃/149℉
Power Button Function On/Off
Restore on AC/Power Loss Last S t ate
Ring Resume From Soft Off Disabled
Lan Resume From Soft Off Disabled
Available Options :
Disabled
Enabled
ESC:Exit ↑↓:Sel
PgUp/PgDn:Modify
F2/F3:Color
BIOS: Power Management Setup
ACPI Aware O/S
The option(YES) is for ATX power , the option(NO) is for AT Power.
ACPI Standby State
This option has two mode support Standby state.
USB Device Wakeup From S3-S5
This option specifies the power management with ACPI.
Power Management /APM
Enabled
this option is to enable the power management and APM (Advanced Power Management) features.
Green PC Monitor Power State
This option specifies the s uspend mode of s hutting down the cathode ray gun, if only the system is fixed a
green function monitor, the power saving function is available.
Video Power Down Mode
This option specifies the power m anagem ent s tate that the video subs ystem enter s af ter spec ified period of
display inactivity has expired.
Hard Disk Power Down Mode
This option specifies the power management states that the hard disk drive enter s af ter the spec ified period
of display inactivity have expired.
~ Page 30 ~
Page 35
Hard Disk time out (minute)
This item is used to set up the initial value of the waiting timer .the Hard Disk will turn into the suspend mode
when the time is out if no operation applied to Hard Disk.
Standby Time Out (minute)
This item is us ed to set up the initial value of the waiting timer , the System will turn into the sus pend mode
when the time is out if no operation applied to system.
Suspend Time Out (minute)
These options specify the length of the period of system inac tivity when the computer is already in Standby
mode before the computer is placed on Suspend mode. In Suspend mode, nearly all power use is
curtailed.
Throttle Slow Clock Ratio
This item is to set up the Operating Frequency of system clock in power saving mode, to set a suitable clock
frequency ratio which between standard CPU clock and CPU clock in power saving m ode when the system
is in suspend mode.
Modem Use IO Port
To chose a suitable IO Port in this option.
Modem use IRQ
To chose the IRQ Signal.
Device
These options enable event monitoring. When the computer is in a power saving mode, activity on the
named interrupt request line is m onitor ed by BIOS. W hen any activity occurs, the com puter enters Full On
mode.
System Thermal
If the choice <monitor>is chose, the system will alarm when the system tem perature is beyond the critic al
temperature.
Thermal Slow Clock Ratio
This item is to set up the Operating Frequency of system clock in power saving mode, to set a suitable clock
frequency ratio, which between standard CPU clock and CPU clock in power saving mode when the
temperature is beyond the critical temperature.
Restore on AC/Power Loss
This item is to set up the system will restore with the last setting after the AC\Power Loss.
Ring Resume From Soft Off
This item is s et up to awake the system fr om suspend m ode and a ring bell while any acces s com ing from
modem.
Lan Resume From Soft Off
This item is set up to awake the system from suspend mode when encounter a network access, the function
will be available if system is fixed with an Ethernet card.
~ Page 31 ~
Page 36
4-6. PCI/PLUG AND PLAY
This section is used to c onfigure PCI / Plug and Play features. The <PCI & PNP Setup> option conf igures
the PCI bus slots. All PCI bus slots on the system use INTA#, thus all installed PCI car ds must be set to
this value.
AMIBIOS SETUP - PCI/PLUG AND PLAY SETUP
(C) 1998 American Megatrends, In c. All Rights Reserved
Plug and Play Aware O/S Yes
Clear NVRAM No
On board PCI LAN Controller Enabled
PCI Latency Timer (PCI Clocks) 64
Primary Graphic Adapter P CI
PCI VGA Palette Snoop Di sabled
PCI IDE BusMaster Disabled
PCI Slot1 IRQ Priority Auto
PCI Slot2 IRQ Priority Auto
PCI Slot3 IRQ Priority Auto
PCI Slot4 IRQ Priority Auto
DMA Channel 0 PnP
DMA Channel 1 PnP
DMA Channel 3 PnP
DMA Channel 5 PnP
DMA Channel 6 PnP
DMA Channel 7 PnP
IRQ 3 ISA/EISA
IRQ 4 ISA/EISA
IRQ 5 PCI /PnP
IRQ 7 ISA/EISA
IRQ 9 PCI /PnP
IRQ 10 PCI /PnP
IRQ 11 PCI /PnP
IRQ 12 PCI /PnP
IRQ 14 PCI /PnP
IRQ 15 PCI /PnP
Reserved Memory Size 32K
Reserved Memory Address CC000
Available Options :
Yes
No
ESC:Exit ↑↓:Sel
PgUp/PgDn:Modify
F2/F3:Color
BIOS: PCI / Plug and Play Setup
Plug and Play Aware O/S
Set this option to <No> if the operating system installed in the com puter is Plug and Play-aware. The BIOS
only detects and enables PnP ISA adapter cards that are required for system boot. The W indows 95 (and
above) operating system detects and enables all other PnP-aware adapter cards. W indows 95 (and above)
is PnP-aware. Set this option to
<Yes>
if the operating system (such as DOS, OS/2, Windows 3.x) does not
use PnP. You must set this option corr ectly or PnP-aware adapter cards installed in your computer will not
be configured properly.
Clear NVRAM
This sets the operating mode of the boot bloc k area of the BIO S FLASH ROM to allow programm ing in the
Yes setting.
On board PCI LAN Controller
This option is to activate the PNP (Plug & Play) function of LAN.
PCI Latency Timer (PCI Clocks)
This option sets latency of all PCI devices on the PCI bus. The settings are in units equal to PCI clocks.
Primary Graphic Adapter
This option is set to use PCI bus or AGP. The AGP mode will get system a faster processing speed.
~ Page 32 ~
Page 37
PCI VGA Palette Snoop
This item is for BIOS to snoop the appearance of VGA palette, and modify it when necessary.
PCI IDE BusMaster
When
Enabled
this option specifies that the IDE controller on the PCI loca l bus has bus mastering capability.
PCI Slot1/2/3/4 IRQ Priority
The parameters of this item will set a interrupt signal to the PCI device fixed in the 1-4 PCI slot by priority.
DMA & IRQ
These options specify the bus that the nam ed IRQs/DMAs lines are used on. These options allow you to
specify IRQs/DMAs for use by legacy ISA adapter cards. These options determine if the BIOS should
remove an IRQ/DMA from the pool of availability of IRQs/DMAs pas sed to the BIOS c onfigurable devices.
If more IRQs/DMAs m ust be r emoved f rom the pool, the end user can use these PCI/PnP Setup options to
remove the IRQ/DMA by assigning the option to the ISA/EISA setting. The onboard I/O is configurable with
BIOS.
Reserved Memory Size
This option specifies the size of the memory area reserved for legacy ISA adapter cards.
Reserved Memory Address
This option specifies the beginning address (in hex) of the reserved memory area. The specified ROM
memory area is reserved for use by legacy ISA adapter cards.
~ Page 33 ~
Page 38
4-7. PERIPHERAL SETUP
This section is used to configure the peripheral features.
Yes
No
↑↓
:Sel
AMIBIOS SETUP - PERIPHERAL SETUP
(C) 1998 American Megatrends, I nc. A l l Ri ghts Reserved
OnBoard FDC
OnBoard Serial Port1
OnBoard Serial Port2
Serial Port2 Mode
IR pins
Duplex Mode
OnBoard Parallel Port
Parallel Port Mode
EPP Version
Parallel Port DMA Channel
Parallel Port IRQ
OnBoard IDE
OnBoard LAN1 Controller
OnBoard LAN2 Controller
Auto
Auto
Auto
Normal
N/A
N/A
Auto
Normal
N/A
N/A
N/A
BOTH
Enabled
Enabled
Available Options :
ESC:Exit
PgUp/PgDn:Modify
F2/F3:Color
BIOS: Peripheral Setup
OnBoard FDC
This option enables the floppy drive controller on the AR-B1684.
OnBoard Serial Port
This option enables the serial port on the AR-B1684.
IR Port support
This item is to activate the function of Infra-red.
OnBoard Parallel Port
This option enables the parallel port on the AR-B1684.
Parallel Port Mode
This option specifies the parallel port mode. ECP and EPP are both bi-directional data tr ansfer schemes
that adhere to the IEEE1284 specifications.
Parallel Port DMA Channel
This option is only available if the setting for the parallel Port Mode option is ECP.
K/B Wake-Up function
This item is to set up the function of waking-up the system by Keyboard from suspend mode.
Mouse Wake-up function
This item is to set up the function of waking-up the system by Mouse from suspend mode.
~ Page 34 ~
Page 39
OnBoard IDE
This option is to set up the operating mode of IDE controller. If the main board of fers the enhanced I/O por t,
the choice should be <Enabled>.
Reset, Power, Sleep Button
These options are to activate the Reset, Power, and Sleep function in the ATX Keyboard.
4-8. AUTO-DETECT HARD DISKS
This option detects the parameters of an IDE hard disk drive, and automatically enters them into the
Standard CMOS Setup screen.
4-9. PASSWORD SETTING
This BIOS Setup has an optional password f eature. The system can be configured so that all users must
enter a password every time the system boots or when BIOS Setup is executed. T he user can set either a
Supervisor password or a User password.
4-10. SETTING THE PASSWORD
Select the appropriate password icon (Supervisor or User) from the Security section of the BIOS Setup main
menu. Enter the password and press [Enter ]. The screen does not display the characters entered. Af ter
the new password is entered, retype the new password as prompted and press [Enter].
If the password confirmation is incorrect, an error message appears. If the new password is entered
without error, press [Esc] to return to the BIOS Main Menu. T he password is stored in CMOS RAM after
the BIOS is exited and saved. The next time the system boots, you are prompted for the password.
Enter new supervisor password:
4-11. PASSWORD CHECKING
The password check option is enabled in Advanced Setup by choosing either Always ( the password prom pt
appears every time the system is powered on) or Setup (the pas sword prompt appears only when BIOS is
run). The password is stored in CMO S RAM. Us er c an enter a pas s word by typing on the keyboard. As user
select Supervisor or User. The BIOS prompts for a password, user must set the Supervisor password
before user can set the User pas sword. Enter a 1 to 6 char acter s pass word. T he pas s word does not appear
on the screen when typed. Make sure you write it down.
4-12. LOAD DEFAULT SETTING
This section perm its users to select a group of settings for all BIOS Setup options. You not only can use
these items to quick ly set system configuration param eters, but also can choose a group of settings that
have a better chance of working when the system is having configuration related problems.
4-12-1. Auto Configuration with Optimal Setting
The user can load the optimal default settings for the BIOS. The Optimal default settings are best-case
values that should optimize system performance. If CMOS RAM is corrupted, the optimal settings are
loaded automatically.
Load high performance setting (Y/N) ?
~ Page 35 ~
Page 40
4-12-2. Auto Configuration with Fail Safe Setting
The user can load the Fail-Safe BIOS Setup option settings by selecting the Fail-Safe item from the Default
section of the BIOS Setup main menu.
The Fail-Safe settings pr ovide far f rom optim al s ystem perf orm anc e, but are the m ost stable settings. Use
this option as a diagnostic aid if the system is behaving erratically.
Load failsafe settings (Y/N) ?
4-13. BIOS EXIT
This section is used to ex it the BIOS main menu. Af ter mak ing your changes, you can either save them or
exit the BIOS menu and without saving the new values.
4-13-1. Save Settings and Exit
This item is in the <Standard CMOS Setup>, <Advanced CMOS Setup>, <Advanced Chipset Setup> and
the new password (if it has been changed) will be stored in the CMOS. The CMOS checksum is calculated
and written into the CMOS.
When you select this f unction, the f ollowing mess age will appear at the center of the sc reen to ass ist you to
save data to CMOS and Exit the Setup.
Save current settings and exit (Y/N) ?
4-13-2. Exit Without Saving
When you select this option, the following message will appear at the center of the screen to help to
abandon all the modified data and Exit Setup.
Quit without saving (Y/N) ?
~ Page 36 ~
Page 41
4-14. BIOS UPDATE
The BIOS program ins tructions are contained within computer chips called FLASH ROMs that are located
on your system board. The chips can be electronically reprogram med, allowing you to upgrade your BIOS
firmware without removing and installing chips.
The AR-B1684 provides the FLASH BIOS update function for you to easily to update to a newer BIOS
version. Please follow these operating steps to update to new BIOS:
Step 1: Turn on your system and don’t detect the CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files.
Step 2: Insert the FLASH BIOS diskette into the floppy disk drive.
Step 3: In the MS-DOS mode, you can type the FLASH826 program.
A:\>FLASH826
Step 4: Press [ALT+F], The <File> box will show the following message, this message will be
highlighted.
BIOS Filename Loading … . After typing in the File name you m ust press<ENTER> or
press <ESC> to exit.
Step 5: And then please enter the file name to the <Enter File Name > box. And the <Message>
box will show the following notice.
Are you sure to write this BIOS into flash ROM?
Step 6: Press the <Enter> key to update the new BIOS.
Then the <Message> box will show the <Programming now …>.
Step 7: When the BIOS update is successful, the message will show <Flash ROM Update
Completed - Pass>.
NOTE: The BIOS Flash disk is not a standard accessory. Now that the onboard BIOS is updated to the
newest version, if you need to add some functions in the futur e please contact the technical suppor t (FAE)
engineers. They will provide the newest known BIOS for update engineers. T hey will provide the newest
known BIOS for update.
~ Page 37 ~
Page 42
APPENDIX A
EXPANSION BUS
This chapter includes:
! ISA BUS Pin Assignment
! PICMG BUS Pin Assignment
~ Page 38 ~
Page 43
A-1. ISA BUS PIN ASSIGNMENT
COMPONENT SIDE
D18
ISA1
D1
B31
ISA2
B1
C18
There are two edge connectors (called “gold fingers“) on this CPU Card. On the right hand is the connector
of ISA Bus, beside PCI BUS connector. The ISA-bus connector is divided into two sets: one consis ts of 62
pins; the other consists of 36 pins.
Like ISA-BUS connector, the PICMG- BUS edge connector is divided into two sets as well: one c onsists of
98 pins, and the other 22 pins. The pin assignments are as follows:
IRQ ASSIGNMENT
0 System TIMER interrupt from TIMER-0
1 Keyboard output buffer full
2 Cascade for IRQ 8-15
3 Serial port 2
4 Serial port 1
5 Parallel port 2
6 Floppy Disk adapter
7 Parallel port 1
8 RTC clock
9 Available
10 Available
11 Available
12 Available
13 Math coprocessor
14 Hard Disk adapter
15 Available
~ Page 42 ~
Page 47
B-2. RTC & CMOS RAM MAP
CODE ASSIGNMENT
00 Seconds
01 Second alarm
02 Minutes
03 Minutes alarm
04 Hours
05 Hours alarm
06 Day of week
07 Day of month
08 Month
09 Year
0A Status register A
0B Status register B
0C Status register C
0D Status register D
0E Diagnostic status byte
0F Shutdown byte
10 Floppy Disk drive type byte
11 Reserve
12 Hard Disk type byte
13 Reserve
14 Equipment byte
15 Base memory low byte
16 Base memory high byte
17 Extension memory low byte
18 Extension memory high byte
30 Reserved for extension memory low byte
31 Reserved for extension memory high byte
32 Date Century byte
33 Information Flag
34-3F Reserve
40-7f Reserved for Chipset Setting Data
~ Page 43 ~
Page 48
B-3. TIMER & DMA CHANNELS MAP
Timer Channel Map:
Timer Channel Assignment
0 System timer interrupt
1 DRAM Refresh request
2 Speaker tone generator
DMA Channel Map:
DMA Channel Assignment
0 Available
1 IBM SDLC
2 Floppy Disk adapter
3 Channel-3 Available
4 Cascade for DMA controller 1
5 Available
6 Available
7 Available
040-05F Timer control registers.
060-06F Keyboard interface controller
070-07F RTC ports & CMOS I/O ports
080-09F DMA register
0A0-0BF Interrupt controller (Slave)
0C0-0DF DMA controller (Slave)
0F0-0FF Math coprocessor
1F0-1F8 Hard Disk controller
278-27F Parallel port-2
2B0-2DF Graphics adapter controller
2F8-2FF Serial port-2
360-36F Net work ports
378-37F Parallel port-1
3B0-3BF Monochrome & Printer adapter
3C0-3CF EGA adapter
3D0-3DF CGA adapter
3F0-3F7 Floppy disk controller
3F8-3FF Serial port-1
System memory used by DOS
and application
Display buffer memory for VGA/
EGA / CGA / MONOCHROME
adapter
Reserved for I/O device BIOS
ROM or RAM buffer.
Reserved for PCI device ROM
System BIOS ROM
System extension memory
ports.
(8042)
~ Page 45 ~
Page 50
APPENDIX C
TROUBLE SHOOTING
TROUBLE SHOOTING FOR ERROR MESSAGES
The following information will present the resolution of tr ouble encountered as well as the error m essages.
Adjust the system following the messages below and mak e sure all the components & connectors are in
proper position and firmly attached. If the error still remains, contact with your distributor for maintenance.
POST BEEP:
There are two kinds of beep c odes in BIOS. One code indicates that a video error has occurred and the
BIOS cannot initialize the video screen to display any additional information. This beep code contains a
single long beep followed by three short beeps. The other code indicates that DRAM error has incurred.
This beep code appears a single long beep repeatedly.
CMOS BATTERY FAILURE:
When the CMOS battery is out of work or has run out, the user has to replace it with a new battery same as
the old one.
CMOS CHECKSUM ERROR:
When the battery runs weak, CMOS will be corrupted. Check the battery and change a new one when
necessary.
DISPLAY SWITCH IS SET INCORRECTLY:
Display switch on the motherboard can be set to either monochrome or color, which indic ates the switch is
set to a different setting fr om the indicated in Setup. Determ ine which s etting is cor rect, and then either turn
off the system and change the jumper, or enter Setup and change the video selection.
DISK BOOT FAILURE:
When boot devic e isn’t available, inser t a system dis k into Drive A and pr ess < Enter >. Mak e s ure both the
controller and cables are all in proper positions, also m ake sure the disk is formatted cor rect device. Then
reboot the system.
DISKETTE DRIVES OR TYPES MISMATCH ERROR:
If the diskette drive type is different from CMOS, run setup and correct it.
ERROR ENCOUNTERED INITIALIZING HARD DRIVE:
When hard dr ive can’t be initialized, make s ure the adapter is installed c orrectly and all cables are proper ly
and firmly attached. Also be sure the correct hard drive type is selected in Setup.
ERROR INITIALIZING HARD DISK CONTROLLER:
When error occurs, be sure the cord is exactly installed in the bus and the correct hard drive type is selected
in Setup. Besides that, check whether all of the jumpers in the hard drive are set correctly.
FLOPPY DISK CONTROLLER ERROR OR NO CONTROLLER PRESENT:
When fail to find or initialize the floppy drive controller, check whether the controller in proper station. If there
are no floppy drive installed, Ensure the Diskette Drive selection in Setup is set to NONE.
KEYBOARD ERROR OR NO KEYBOARD PRESENT:
When it happens, mak e sure keyboard properly attached and no keys being pressed during booting. If you
are purposely configuring the system without a keyboard, enter <ADVANCED CMOS SETUP>and c hoose
<Absent>at the item<System Keyboard>, BIOS will ignore the missing keyboard and continue the booting.
~ Page 46 ~
Page 51
MEMORY ADDRESS ERROR:
While the memory address error revealed, trace the error location with the memory map in system and
replace the bad memory chips.
MEMORY SIZE HAS CHANGED:
Memory has been added or removed since the last boot. In EISA mode, re-configure the memory
configuration by using Configuration Utility. While in ISA mode, enter Setup and enter the new mem ory size
in the memory fields.
MEMORY VERIFYING ERROR:
It indicates an error verifying value has been written to memory. Use the location along with system's
memory map to locate the bad chip.
OFFENDING ADDRESS MISSING:
This is related to the I/O CHANNEL CHECK and RAM PARITY ERROR when the segment cannot be
isolated.
REBOOT ERROR:
When error occurs, press any key to reboot the system.
SYSTEM HALTED:
This message indicates the pr esent boot has f ailed. Pr es s and hold down Ctrl, Alt and Del s imultaneously to
reboot the system.
Note:
If the content in Setting is inconsistent with CD-ROM, please refer to the Setting as priority.
~ Page 47 ~
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