User’s Manual
ADSL2+ Router
1
Index
FCC Part 68....................................................................................................................................................... 3
FCC Part 15....................................................................................................................................................... 3
Chapter 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 5
1.2 Features...................................................................................................................................... 5
1.3 System Requirements ................................................................................................................. 6
Chapter 2 Installation ......................................................................................................................................... 7
2.1 Checklist ..................................................................................................................................... 7
2.2 The Front LEDs ........................................................................................................................... 8
2.3 The Rear Ports ............................................................................................................................ 8
2.4 Hardware installation ................................................................................................................... 9
Chapter 3 Configuration ....................................................................................................................................11
3.1 Determine your connection settings ............................................................................................11
3.2 Connecting the ADSL Router to your network .............................................................................11
3.3 Configuring with Web Browser....................................................................................................11
3.3.1 Quick Setup Guide ................................................................................................................. 13
3.3.2 System Time .......................................................................................................................... 18
3.3.3 Admin Setting ......................................................................................................................... 19
3.3.4 Firmware Update .................................................................................................................... 20
3.3.5 System Log ............................................................................................................................ 21
3.3.6 System Reset ......................................................................................................................... 22
3.4.1 ADSL Status ........................................................................................................................... 23
3.4.2 ADSL Statistics ....................................................................................................................... 24
3.4.3 VC Configuration .................................................................................................................... 25
3.5.1 WAN Configuration ................................................................................................................. 26
3.5.2 WAN Status ............................................................................................................................ 28
3.5.3 DNS ....................................................................................................................................... 29
3.5.4 DDNS..................................................................................................................................... 30
3.6.1 LAN Configuration .................................................................................................................. 31
3.7.1 IP Filtering .............................................................................................................................. 32
3.8.1 NAT Setting............................................................................................................................ 33
3.8.2 Virtual Server.......................................................................................................................... 34
3.8.3 DMZ Setting ........................................................................................................................... 35
3.8.4 ADSL type Setting .................................................................................................................. 36
3.9.1 Static Routing ......................................................................................................................... 37
3.9.2 Dynamic Routing .................................................................................................................... 38
2
3.9.3 Routing Table ......................................................................................................................... 39
3.10.1 System Status ...................................................................................................................... 40
3.11.1 TCP/IP Settings for Windows Operating System ................................................................... 41
Chapter 4 USB Driver ...................................................................................................................................... 48
4.1 Install the USB driver for MAC ................................................................................................... 48
4.2 Uninstall the USB driver for MAC............................................................................................... 60
4.3 Install the USB Driver for Windows ............................................................................................ 63
4.4 Uninstall the USB Driver for Windows........................................................................................ 66
Appendix A Glossary........................................................................................................................................ 67
Appendix B Cabling / Connection..................................................................................................................... 74
3
FCC Part 68
This equipment complies with Part 68 of the FCC Rules. On the bottom of this equipment is a label that contains
the FCC Registration Number and Ringer Equivalence Number (REN) for this equipment. You must provide this
information to the telephone company upon request.
The REN is useful to determine the quantity of devices you may connect to the telephone line and still have all of
those devices ring when your number is called.
In most, but not all areas, the sum of the REN of all devices connected to one line should not exceed five (5.0). To
be certain of the number of devices you may connect to your line, as determined by the REN, you should contact
your local telephone company to determine the maximum REN for your calling area.
If the modem causes harm to the telephone network, the telephone company may discontinue your service
temporarily. If possible, they will notify you in advance.
But if advance notice isn't practical, you will be notified as soon as possible. You will be advised of your right to file
a complaint with the FCC.
The telephone company may make changes in its facilities, equipment, operations, or procedures that could
affect the proper operation of your equipment.
If they do, you will be notified in advance to give you an opportunity to maintain uninterrupted telephone service.
If you experience trouble with this modem, please contact your dealer for repair/warranty information. The
telephone company may ask you to disconnect this equipment from the network until the problem has been
corrected or you are sure that the equipment is not malfunctioning.
This equipment may not be used on coin service provided by the telephone company. Connection to party lines is
subject to state tariffs.
Installation
This device is equipped with a USOC RJ11C connector.
FCC Part 15
The modem generates and uses radio frequency energy. If it is not installed and used properly in strict
accordance with the user's manual, it may cause interference with radio and television reception. The modem has
been tested and found to comply with the limits for Class B computing devices in accordance with the
specifications in Subpart B, Part 15 of the FCC regulations. These specifications are designed to provide
4
reasonable protection against such interference in a residential installation. However, there is no guarantee that
interference will not occur in a particular installation. FCC regulations require that shielded interface cables be
used with your modem.
If interference does occur, we suggest the following measures be taken to rectify the problem:
1) Move the receiving antenna.
2) Move the modem away from the radio or TV.
3) Plug the modem into a different electrical outlet.
4) Discuss the problem with a qualified radio / TV technician.
CAUTION :
Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance to the FCC Rules could
void the user's authority to operate this equipment.
Cable connections:
All equipment connected to this modem must use shielded cable as the interconnection means.
Notes:
Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and
2) This device must accept any interference received including interference that may cause undesired operation.
Chapter 1 Introduction
The ADSL2+ Router provides home connectivity to an ADSL service provider network over an
ADSL/Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) physical layer.
The router can run upstream maximum transmission rates of 2Mbps and downstream maximum transmission
rates of 24Mbps.
The actual rate depends on the copper category of your telephone wire, distance from the central office and the
type of ADSL2+ service subscribed.
Four ports switch is provided for connection to an Ethernet LAN or Ethernet-equipped PC, and this router is easy
to install and to configure.
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1.1 Overview
The ADSL2+ Router is optimized to address the growing demand for high-speed Internet access, and it does so
as a single, highly-integrated and cost-effective solution.
1.2 Features
ADSL2/2+ Compliance
•
- Compliant with ADSL standards
Full-rate ANSI.413 Issue 2 , ITU G.dmt (G.992.1) , G.dmt bis (G.992.3) and G.adslplus(G.992.5)
standards
Splitter less ITU G.lite (G.992.2) specification
Annex A (ADSL over POTS) and Annex B (ADSL over ISDN), compliant to ETSI TS 101 388
- DMT modulation and demodulation
- Full-rate adaptive modem
Maximum downstream rate of 24 Mbps
Maximum upstream rate of 2 Mbps
- Tone detection for low power mode
- Supports splitter less ADSL implementation
- Interoperable with all major DSLAM equipment
ATM Protocols
•
- WAN mode support: PPP over ATM (RFC 2364) and PPP over Ethernet
(RFC 2516)
- LAN mode support: bridged/routed Ethernet over ATM (RFC 2684) and
classical IP over ATM (RFC 1577)
- Up to 8 VCs (virtual circuits)
- ATM SAR (segmentation and reassembly)
- ATM AALC (adaption layer type 5)
Bridge Mode
•
- Ethernet to ADSL self learning Transparent Bridging (IEEE 802.1D)
- Supports MAC learning addresses
Router Mode
•
- IP routing-RIPv2
- Static routing
- DNS Proxy
- Dynamic DNS
- DMZ
- Port Forwarding
- DHCP (dynamic host configuration protocol) server and client
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- NAT (network address translation)
- ICMP (Internet control message protocol)
• Security
- Stateful packet inspection and filtering
- Instrusion detection and protection
- PAP (password authentication protocol)
- CHAP (challenge authentication protocol)
- Password protected system management
• Ethernet Interface
- Compliant with IEEE 802.3 and 802.3u 10/100 Mbps
• HTTP Web-Based Management
- Firmware upgrade by UI
- Customizable Web pages
- WAN and LAN side connection statistics
- Configuration of static routes and routing table
- Password protected access
- System log
- Configuration of VCs (virtual circuits)
1.3 System Requirements
1) Personal computer (PC)
2) Pentium II 233 MHz processor minimum
3) 32 MB RAM minimum
4) 20 MB of free disk space minimum
5) Ethernet Network Interface Controller (NIC) RJ45 Port
6) Internet Browser
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Chapter 2 Installation
This chapter offers information about installing your router. If you are not familiar with the hardware or software
parameters presented here, please consult your service provider for the values needed.
2.1 Checklist
Check the shipping box carefully to ensure that the contents include the items you ordered. If any of the items are
missing or damaged, contact your local distributor. The contents of your carton may vary depending on your
service provider.
Contents description
1) ADSL2+ Router for home/office use.
2) ADSL2+ Router Installation and Operation Guide (this publication)
3) Power supply with 9V AC / 1.5 Ampere power adapter
4) ADSL cable RJ-11 telephone cable (6 ft)
5) Ethernet cable Ethernet category 5 twisted pair cable (6 ft)
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2.2 The Front LEDs
LED State Description
Power ON When the router power on.
Ready
ACT Flashing Data is transferred between router and Internet
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10
Link
USB
2.3 The Rear Ports
ON The router is in ready state
Flashing The Router is in booting stage
ON
Flashing "Handshaking"-modem is trying to establish a connection to telco's network
Flashing Data transfering for 100Mbps LAN
Flashing Data transfering for 10Mbps LAN
ON Successful connection between LAN port and computer
Flashing Successful connection between USB port and computer
"Showtime"-successful connection between ADSL modem and telephone company's
network ADSL
Connector Description
POWER Power connector with 9V AC/ 1.5 Ampere.
Ethernet Port (RJ-45) Connect to the Ethernet port
USB
Reset Switch
ADSL Connector
Connect to the USB port
The reset button, the router restore the default settings when press this button until
reboot
The RJ-11 connector allows data communication between the modem and the ADSL
network through a twisted-pair phone wire.
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2.4 Hardware installation
This section describes how to connect and configure the ADSL2+ Router.
Step 1. Connect the ADSL Line
Connect the router directly to the wall jack using the included ADSL cable.
Step 2. Connect a Workstation to the Router's LAN port
There are two methods to connect the router and workstation. The one use the crossover Ethernet cable to
connect directly between them. The other use straight Ethernet cable to connect router with hub (or switch), and
then go to the workstation.
Step 3. Connect the Power Adapter to the Router
Connect the power adapter to the port labeled POWER on the rear panel of router.
Step 4. Connect All Cables to the Network
The procedure for connecting cables differs depending on whether or not your telephone equipment is connected
to a POTS splitter.
POTS Splitter Configuration (ADSL over POTS)
A POTS splitter separates data signals from voice signals on your telephone line. The POTS splitter works by
running a separate data line from the voice line, so that the ADSL router has a dedicated cable for data
transmission. Figure 2-4.1 and 2-4.2 shows how to connect all cables to the Router.
Figure 2-4.1 Router Connected through a POTS Splitter
Note: The POTS splitter may also be installed on the outside of the house adjacent to the telephone network
interface device (NID).
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Figure 2-4.2 Router Connected through several micro-filters
ISDN Splitter Configuration (ADSL over ISDN)
A ISDN splitter separates ADSL signals from ISDN signals on your ISDN telephone line. The ISDN splitter works
by running a separate ADSL line from the ISDN line, so that the ADSL router has a dedicated cable for data
transmission.
Figure 2-4.3 shows how to connect all cables to the Router.
Figure 2-4.3 Router Connected through an ISDN Splitter
Note: The ISDN splitter may also be installed on the outside of the house adjacent to the telephone network
interface device (NID).
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Chapter 3 Configuration
3.1 Determine your connection settings
Before you configure the router; you need to know the connection information supplied by your ADSL service
provider.
3.2 Connecting the ADSL Router to your network
Unlike a simple hub or switch, the setup of the ADSL Router consists of more than simply plugging everything
together. Because the Router acts as a DHCP server, you will have to set some values within the Router, and also
configure your networked PCs to accept the IP Addresses the Router chooses to assign them.
Generally there are several different operating modes for your applications. And you can know which mode is
necessary for your system from ISP. These modes are router, bridge, PPPoE+NAT and NAT and PPPoA+NAT.
3.3 Configuring with Web Browser
It is advisable to change the administrator password to safeguard the security of your network.
To configure the router, open your browser, type 'http://192.168.16.1' into the address bar and click 'Go' to get to
the login page. Save this address in your Favorites for future reference.
At the User name prompt, type 'admin'. And the Password prompt, type 'admin'. You can change these later if
you wish. Click 'OK'.
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13
3.3.1 Quick Setup Guide
You can use "Quick Setup" to setup the router as follows, and the router will connect to the Internet via ADSL line.
Click "Quick Start" to get into the quick setup procedures.
Click "RUN WIZARD" to start up this procedure.
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Step 1 - Click "Next" to setup your new administrator's password.
15
Step 2 - Click "Next" to setup your time zone.
Step 3 - Click "Next" to setup your Internet connection type. You can have this information from your Internet
Service Provider.
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Enter the connection information provided by your ISP.
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3.3.2 System Time
Go to Maintenance->Time Zone and select system time as you wish.
Connecting to a Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) server allows the router to synchronize the system clock
to the global Internet. The synchronized clock in the router is used to recorded the security log and control client
filtering.
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3.3.3 Admin Setting
Go to Maintenance-> Administration to set a new user's name and password to restrict management access to
the router.
The default is admin (User's name) and admin (Password)
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3.3.4 Firmware Update
Go to Maintenance -> Firmware to upgrade the firmware.
The new firmware for your router can improve functionality and performance.
Enter the path and name of the upgrade file then click the UPGRADE button below. You will be prompted to
confirm the upgrade.
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3.3.5 System Log
Go to Status -> System Log and you can see the system log file. Click “Save Log” to save system log file.
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3.3.6 System Reset
In the event that the router stops responding correctly or in some way stops functioning, you can perform a reset.
Your settings will not be changed.
To perform the reset, select "Current Setting" and click on the "RESTART" button below. The router will reboot
with current setting.
Select "Factory Default Setting" and click on the “RESTART” button, the router will reboot with factory default
settings.
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3.4.1 ADSL Status
Go to Status->Device Info.
The 'ADSL Line Status' enables you to check the status of your ADSL connection including how fast data is being
transferred.
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3.4.2 ADSL Statistics
Go to Status-> Statistics and select ADSL interface.
You can see the traffic Statistics of ADSL interface.
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3.4.3 VC Configuration
Go to Interface Setup -> Internet.
To add or delete ADSL VC configuration, these information provide by ISP.
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3.5.1 WAN Configuration
Go to Interface Setup -> Internet.
The router can be connected to your service provider in any of the following ways.
Dynamic IP Address: Obtain an IP address automatically from your service provider.
Static IP Address: Uses a static IP address. Your service provider gives a static IP address to access Internet
services.
PPPoE: PPP over Ethernet is a common connection method used for xDSL
PPPoA: PPP over ATM is a common connection method used for xDSL
Bridge: Bridge mode is a common connection method used for xDSL modem.
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28
3.5.2 WAN Status
Go to Status -> Device Info and select the Virtual Circuit to see the connection status.
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3.5.3 DNS
Go to Interface -> LAN to enable DHCP server.
Then you can set DNS server for the router. A Domain Name system (DNS) server is like an index of IP
addresses and Web addresses. If you type a Web address into you browser, a DNS server will find that name in
its index and find the matching IP address. Most ISPs provide a DNS server for speed and convenience. Since
your Service Provider many connect to the Internet with dynamic IP settings, it is likely that the DNS server IP
addresses are also provided dynamically. However, if there is a DNS server that you would rather use, you need
to specify the IP address below.
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3.5.4 DDNS
Go to Access Management -> DDNS to setup your DDNS parameters.
Dynamic DNS allows you to update your dynamic IP address with one or many dynamic DNS services. So
anyone can access your FTP or Web service on your computer using DNS-like address.
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3.6.1 LAN Configuration
Go to Interface Setup -> LAN. The 'LAN Settings' option enables you to configure the LAN port.
If the DHCP Relay is selected, the DHCP requests from local PCs are forward to the DHCP server runs on WAN
side. To have this function working properly, disable the NAT to run on router mode only, disable the DHCP server
on the LAN port, and make sure the routing table has the correct routing entry.
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3.7.1 IP Filtering
Go to Access Management -> IP Filtering to block some packets form WAN.
The router provides extensive firewall protection by restricting connection parameters to limit the risk of intrusion
and defending against a wide array of common hacker attacks.
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3.8.1 NAT Setting
Go to Advanced Setup->NAT to setup the NAT features.
Network Address Translation (NAT) allows multiple users at your local site to access the Internet through a single
public IP address or multiple public IP addresses. NAT can also prevent hacker attacks by mapping local
addresses to public addresses for key services such as the Web or FTP.
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3.8.2 Virtual Server
Go to Advanced Setup ->NAT -> Virtual Server to set virtual server as you need. (known as Port Mapping).
You can configure the router as a virtual server so that remote users accessing services such as the Web or FTP
at your local site via public IP addresses can be automatically redirected to local servers configured with private
IP addresses. In other words, depending on the requested service (TCP/UDP port numbers), the router redirects
the external service request to the appropriate server (located at another internal IP address). For some
applications, you need to assign a set or a range of ports (example 4000-5000) to a specified local machine to
route the packets. The router allows the user to configure the needed port mappings to suit such applications.
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3.8.3 DMZ Setting
Go to Advanced Setup ->NAT -> DMZ to set DMZ parameters.
If you have a local client PC that cannot run an Internet application properly from behind the NAT firewall, you can
open the client up to unrestricted two-way Internet access by defining a virtual DMZ Host.
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3.8.4 ADSL type Setting
Go to Advanced Setup ->ADSL to set different ADSL connection.
If you meet a ADSL connection problem, you can select a different ADSL connection type to get more fast
connection.
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3.9.1 Static Routing
Go to Advance Setup -> Routing ->Add to setup static route features.
The static routing function determines the path that router follows over your network before and after it passes
through your router. You can use static routing to allow different IP domain users to access the Internet through
this device.
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3.9.2 Dynamic Routing
Go to Interface Setup -> Internet to select Dynamic Route as you need.
The dynamic routing feature of the router can be used to allow the router to automatically adjust to physical
changes in the network's layout. The router uses the dynamic RIP protocol. It determines the route that the
network packets take based on the fewest number of hops between the source and the destination. The RIP
protocol regularly broadcasts routing information to other routers on the network.
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3.9.3 Routing Table
Go to Advance Management -> Routing to see the Routing Table.
The Routing table allows you to see how many routings on your routing table and interface information.
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3.10.1 System Status
Go to Status -> Device Info to see the router's information.
The System Status page shows the WAN, LAN status and the router's firmware version.
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3.11.1 TCP/IP Settings for Windows Operating System
1. How can I find my IP Address in Windows 95, 98, or Me?
‧
Click on Start, then click on Run.
‧
The Run Dialogue Box will appear. Type winipcfg in the window as shown then click OK
‧
The IP Configuration window will appear, displaying your Ethernet Adapter Information.
‧
Select your adapter from the drop down menu.
‧
If you do not see your adapter in the drop down menu, your adapter is not properly installed.
‧
After selecting your adapter, it will display your IP Address, subnet mask, and default gateway.
‧
Click OK to close the IP Configuration window.
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2. How can I find my IP Address in Windows 2000/XP?
‧
Click on Start and select Run.
‧
Type cmd then click OK.
‧
From the Command Prompt, enter ipconfig. It will return your IP Address, subnet mask, and default
gateway.
‧
Type exit to close the command prompt.
‧
Make sure you take note of your computer´s Default Gateway IP Address. The Default Gateway is the IP
Address of the router. By default, it should be 192.168.0.1
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3. How can I assign a Static IP Address in Windows 98/Me?
‧
From the desktop, right-click on the Network Neighborhood icon (Win ME - My Network Places) and
select Properties.
‧
Highlight TCP/IP and click the Properties button. If you have more than 1 adapter, then there will be a
TCP/IP “Binding” for each adapter. Highlight TCP/IP > (your network adapter) and then click Properties.
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‧
Click Specify an IP Address.
‧
Enter in an IP Address that is on the same subnet as the LAN IP Address on your router. Example: If the
router´s LAN IP Address is 192.168.0.1, make your IP Address 192.168.0.X where X is between 2-99.
Make sure that the number you choose is not in use on the network.
‧
Click on the Gateway tab.
‧
Enter the LAN IP Address of your router here (192.168.0.1).
‧
Click Add when finished.
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‧
Click on the DNS Configuration tab.
‧
Click Enable DNS. Type in a Host (can be any word). Under DNS server search order, enter the LAN IP
Address of your router (192.168.0.1). Click Add.
‧
Click OK twice.
‧
When prompted to reboot your computer, click Yes. After you reboot, the computer will now have a static,
private IP Address.
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4. How can I assign a Static IP Address in Windows 2000?
‧
Right-click on My Network Places and select Properties.
‧
Right-click on the Local Area Connection which represents your network card and select Properties.
‧
Highlight Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and click Properties.
47
‧
Click Use the following IP Address and enter an IP Address that is on the same subnet as the LAN IP
Address on your router. Example: If the router´s LAN IP Address is 192.168.0.1, make your IP Address
192.168.0.X where X = 2-99. Make sure that the number you choose is not in use on the network.
‧
Set the Default Gateway to be the same as the LAN IP Address of your router (192.168.0.1).
‧
Set the Primary DNS to be the same as the LAN IP address of your router (192.168.0.1).
‧
The Secondary DNS is not needed or enter a DNS server from your ISP.
‧
Click OK twice. You may be asked if you want to reboot your computer. Click Yes.
5. How can I assign a Static IP Address in Windows XP?
‧
Click on Start > Control Panel > Network and Internet Connections > Network connections.
‧
See the steps for assigning a static IP address in Windows 2000 and continue from there.
‧
Access the Web management. Open your Web browser and enter the IP Address of your router device in
the address bar. This should open the login page for the Web management. Follow instructions to login
and complete the configuration.
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Chapter 4 USB Driver
4.1 Install the USB driver for MAC
Please follows the steps as below to install the USB Driver for MAC OS 10.1/10.2 and later version.
Step 1 - Go to Driver directory to select the right driver version you need.
Step 2 - Click the "TC-OS10.3" to start the installation of MAC OS X.
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Step 3 - Click "Continue" icon to install USB Driver.
Step 4 - Click "Continue" icon to select the destination of the USB Driver.
50
Step 5 - Click "Install" to perform a basic installation.
Step 6 - Type your administrator's password to allow MAC start to install the USB driver.
51
Step 7 - Click "Continue Installation" to restart your computer.
Step 8 - Wait "Install" is ready.
52
Step 9 - Wait "Finish Up" to finish your USB driver and click "Restart".
53
Step 10 - Go to "System Preferences" to setup your Network parameters.
Step 11 - Plug your USB cable into ADSL2 USB Router right now. The system will detect the adaptor as below.
54
Step 12 - Select the right Ethernet adapter.
55
Step 13 - Rename the right Ethernet adaptor to ADSL USB Modem for easy understanding.
56
Step 14 - Move the ADSL USB MODEM as first priority to use.
57
Step 15 - Set the TCP/IP protocol for MAC's Networking parameters. Select "Using DHCP" to get IP address
dynamically.
58
Step 16 - Wait to get the IP address assigned by the ADSL USB Modem.
59
Step 17 - You can get into router's web console by http://192.168.16.1/ to setup the ADSL parameters which are
provided by your ISP. And then you can surf the Internet as you want.
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4.2 Uninstall the USB driver for MAC
If you want to uninstall the USB driver for MAC, please follow the steps as below:
Step 1- Delete the "TC3160.kert" in the Extensions directory
61
Step 2 - Go to the "Network" setting and Delete the "ADSL USB Modem" port.
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Step 3 - Click "Delete" to delete the " ADSL USB Modem".
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4.3 Install the USB Driver for Windows
Please follows the steps as below to install the USB Driver for Windows XP/2K/Me/98 SE.
Step 1 - Put the Disk into your CD and it will auto-run as below. Please select the right OS as you need.
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Step 2 - Just follow the instruction and you can finish to install the USB driver.
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Step 3 - You can get into router's web console by http://192.168.16.1/ to setup the ADSL parameters which are
provided by your ISP. And then you can surf the Internet as you want.
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4.4 Uninstall the USB Driver for Windows
If you want to uninstall the USB driver for MAC, just go to Start->Program and select Trendchip USB modem
uninstall. Then follow the instructions to finish the uninstall.
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Appendix A Glossary
Address mask
A bit mask used to select bits from an Internet address for subnet addressing. The mask is 32 bits long and
selects the network portion of the Internet address and one or more bits of the local portion. Sometimes called
subnet mask.
AAL5
ATM Adaptation Layer - This layer maps higher layer user data into ATM cells, making the data suitable for
transport through the ATM network.
ADSL
Asymmetric digital subscriber line.
ATM
Asynchronous Transfer Mode - A cell-based data transfer technique in which channel demand determines packet
allocation.
ATM offers fast packet technology, real time; demand led switching for efficient use of network resources.
AWG
American Wire Gauge - The measurement of thickness of a wire.
Bridge
A device connects two or more physical networks and forwards packets between them. Bridges can usually be
made to filter packets, that is, to forward only certain traffic. Related devices are: repeaters which simply forward
electrical signals from one cable to the other, and full-fledged routers which make routing decisions based on
several criteria.
Broadband
Characteristic of any network multiplexes independent network carriers onto a single cable. Broadband
technology allows several networks to coexist on one single cable; traffic from one network does not interfere with
traffic from another. Broadcast A packet delivery system where a copy of a given packet is given to all hosts
attached to the network. Example: Ethernet.
CO
Central Office. Refers to equipment located at a Telco or service provider's office.
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CPE
Customer Premises Equipment located in a user's premises
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
DHCP is software that automatically assigns IP addresses to client stations logging onto a TCP/IP network.
DHCP eliminates having to manually assign permanent IP addresses to every device on your network. DHCP
software typically runs in servers and is also found in network devices such as Routers.
DMT
Discrete Multi-Tone frequency signal modulation
Downstream rate
The line rate for return messages or data transfers from the network machine to the user's premises machine.
DSLAM
Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplex
Dynamic IP Addresses
A dynamic IP address is an IP address that is automatically assigned to a client station (computer, printer, etc.) in
a TCP/IP network. Dynamic IP addresses are typically assigned by a DHCP server, which can be a computer on
the network or another piece of hardware, such as the Router. A dynamic IP address may change every time your
computer connects to the network.
Encapsulation
The technique used by layered protocols in which a layer adds header information to the protocol data unit (PDU)
from the layer above. As an example, in Internet terminology, a packet would contain a header from the physical
layer, followed by a header from the network layer (IP), followed by a header from the transport layer (TCP),
followed by the application protocol data.
Ethernet
One of the most common local area network (LAN) wiring schemes, Ethernet has a transmission rate of 10 Mbps.
FTP
File Transfer Protocol. The Internet protocol (and program) used to transfer files between hosts.
Hop count
A measure of distance between two points on the Internet. It is equivalent to the number of gateways that
separate the source and destination.
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HTML
Hypertext Markup Language - The page-coding language for the World Wide Web.
HTML browser
A browser used to traverse the Internet, such as Netscape or Microsoft Internet Explorer.
http
Hypertext Transfer Protocol - The protocol used to carry world-wide-web (www) traffic between a www browser
computer and the www server being accessed.
ICMP
Internet Control Message Protocol - The protocol used to handle errors and control messages at the IP layer.
ICMP is actually part of the IP protocol.
Internet address
An IP address is assigned in blocks of numbers to user organizations accessing the Internet. These addresses
are established by the United States Department of Defense's Network Information Center. Duplicate addresses
can cause major problems on the network, but the NIC trusts organizations to use individual addresses
responsibly. Each address is a 32-bit address in the form of x.x.x.x where x is an eight- bit number from 0 to 255.
There are three classes: A, B and C, depending on how many computers on the site are likely to be connected.
Internet Protocol (IP)
The network layer protocol for the Internet protocol suite
IP address
The 32-bit address assigned to hosts that want to participate in a TCP/IP Internet.
ISP
Internet service provider - A company allows home and corporate users to connect to the Internet.
MAC
Media Access Control Layer - A sub-layer of the Data Link Layer (Layer 2) of the ISO OSI Model responsible for
media control.
MIB
Management Information Base - A collection of objects can be accessed via a network management protocol,
such as SNMP and CMIP (Common Management Information Protocol).
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NAT
Network Address Translation - A proposal for IP address reuse, where the local IP address is mapped to a
globally unique address.
NVT
Network Virtual Terminal
PAP
Password Authentication Protocol
PORT
The abstraction used by Internet transport protocols to distinguish among multiple simultaneous connections to a
single destination host.
POTS
Plain Old Telephone Service - This is the term used to describe basic telephone service.
PPP
Point-to-Point-Protocol - The successor to SLIP, PPP provides router-to-router and host-to-network connections
over both synchronous and asynchronous circuits.
PPPoE
PPP over Ethernet is a protocol for connecting remote hosts to the Internet over an always-on connection by
simulating a dial-up connection.
Remote server
A network computer allows a user to log on to the network from a distant location.
RFC
Request for Comments - Refers to documents published by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) proposing
standard protocols and procedures for the Internet. RFCs can be found at www.ietf.org..
Route
The path that network traffic takes from its source to its destination. The route a datagram may follow can include
many gateways and many physical networks. In the Internet, each datagram is routed separately.
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Router
A system responsible for making decisions about which of several paths network (or Internet) traffic will follow. To
do this, it uses a routing protocol to gain information about the network and algorithms to choose the best route
based on several criteria known as "routing metrics".
Routing table
Information stored within a router that contains network path and status information. It is used to select the most
appropriate route to forward information along.
Routing Information Protocol
Routers periodically exchange information with one another so that they can determine minimum distance paths
between sources and destinations.
SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol - The network management protocol of choice for TCP/IP-based Internet.
SOCKET
(1) The Berkeley UNIX mechanism for creating a virtual connection between processes.
(2) IBM term for software interfaces that allow two UNIX application programs to talk via TCP/IP protocols.
Spanning-Tree Bridge Protocol (STP)
Spanning-Tree Bridge Protocol (STP) - Part of an IEEE standard. A mechanism for detecting and preventing
loops from occurring in a multi-bridged environment. When three or more LAN's segments are connected via
bridges, a loop can occur. Because a bridge forwards all packets that are not recognized as being local, some
packets can circulate for long periods of time, eventually degrading system performance. This algorithm ensures
only one path connects any pair of stations, selecting one bridge as the 'root' bridge, with the highest priority one
as identifier, from which all paths should radiate.
Spoofing
A method of fooling network end stations into believing that keep alive signals have come from and returned to
the host. Polls are received and returned locally at either end
Static IP Addresses
A static IP address is an IP address permanently assigned to computer in a TCP/IP network. Static IP addresses
are usually assigned to networked devices that are consistently accessed by multiple users, such as Server PCs,
or printers. If you are using your Router to share your cable or DSL Internet connection, contact your ISP to see if
they have assigned your home a static IP address. You will need that address during your Router's configuration.
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Subnet
For routing purposes, IP networks can be divided into logical subnets by using a subnet mask. Values below
those of the mask are valid addresses on the subnet.
TCP
Transmission Control Protocol - The major transport protocol in the Internet suite of protocols provides reliable,
connection-oriented full-duplex streams.
TFTP
Trivial File Transfer Protocol - A simple file transfer protocol (a simplified version of FTP) that is often used to boot
diskless workstations and other network devices such as routers over a network (typically a LAN).
Telnet
The virtual terminal protocol in the Internet suite of protocols - Allows users of one host to log into a remote host
and act as normal terminal users of that host.
Transparent bridging
So named because the intelligence necessary to make relaying decisions exists in the bridge itself and is thus
transparent to the communicating workstations. It involves frame forwarding, learning workstation addresses and
ensuring no topology loops exist (in conjunction with the Spanning-Tree algorithm).
UDP
User Datagram Protocol - A connectionless transport protocol that runs on top of TCP/IP's IP. UDP, like TCP, uses
IP for delivery; however, unlike TCP, UDP provides for exchange of datagrams without acknowledgments or
guaranteed delivery. Best suited for small, independent requests, such as requesting a MIB value from an SNMP
agent, in which first setting up a connection would take more time than sending the data.
UNI signaling
User Network Interface signaling for ATM communications.
Virtual Connection (VC)
A link that seems and behaves like a dedicated point-to-point line or a system that delivers packets in sequence,
as happens on an actual point-to-point network. In reality, the data is delivered across a network via the most
appropriate route. The sending and receiving devices do not have to be aware of the options and the route is
chosen only when a message is sent. There is no pre-arrangement, so each virtual connection exists only for the
duration of that one transmission.
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WAN
Wide area network - A data communications network that spans any distance and is usually provided by a public
carrier (such as a telephone company or service provider).
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Appendix B Cabling / Connection
Network cables connect PCs in an Ethernet network Category 5, called "Cat5" for short is commonly used type of
network cable today.
Cat 5 cables are tipped with RJ-45 connectors, which fit into RJ-45 port.
Straight-through vs. Crossover Cables:
Straight-through
Wire Becomes
1 1
2 2
3 3
6 6
LAN Connection:
Straight-through
Wire Becomes
1 1
2 2
3 3
6 6
To check LEDs light up when you finish connecting two pieces of hardware.
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Declaration of Conformity
The following
Equipment : ADSL2+ Wireless-G Router/ADSL2+ Router
Report No. : S940111
is herewith confirmed to comply with the requirements set out in the Council Directive onthe harmonization
of the Laws of the Member States relating to electrical equipment designed for use within certain voltage limits(73/23/EEC).
For the evaluation of above mentioned Directives, the following standards were applied:
EN 60950-1 : 2001
Declaration of Conformity
The following
Equipment : ADSL2+ Wireless-G Router/ADSL2+ Router
Report No. : E940644
is herewith confirmed to comply with the requirements set out in the Council Directive on the Approximation of the
Laws of the Member States relating to Electromagnetic Compatibility(89/336/EEC) (1999/5//EC).
For the evaluation of above mentioned Directives, the following standards were applied:
ETSI EN 301 489-17 : V1.2.1 (2002-08)
Declaration of Conformity for CE Marking
The following
Equipment : ADSL2+ Wireless-G Router/ADSL2+ Router
Report No. : E940644
is herewith confirmed to comply with the requirements of its Harmonised Standards for CE
Marking which have been set out in the Council Directive, and published as below:
1) The EMC Directives of 89/336/EEC, 92/31/EEC and 93/68/EEC;
2) The R&TTE Directive 1999/5/EC
For the evaluation of above mentioned Harmonised Standards, the following
technical and test standards were applied:
ETSI EN 300328-1 : 2001
Testing Laboratory :
PEP TECHNOLOGIES LTD.
12FL-3, NO.27-1, LANE 169, KANG NING ST.,
HSI CHIH CITY, TAIPEI HSIEN, TAIWAN, R.O.C.
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