Accuhard A101 User Manual

Accuhard A101 LCR Meter accuhard.com

Accuhard A101

USB LCR Meter
User Manual

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Getting Started

1. Install A101 software from installation CD or download from www.accuhard.com.

2. Connect A101 device to PC.

3. After driver installation procedure started, set check box “Include the path” and choose driver
for
your Windows version in “C:\Program files\A101\Drivers\” or in “C:\Program
files(86)\A101\Drivers\” or find it on installation CD “:\Drivers”. For 32-bit versions use “x86”
folders and “x64” for 64-bit versions.
You can get your version of windows by opening “Settings > System > About”.
Most Windows XP versions are 32-bit.

4. If driver installation procedure did not start, open Device Manager, find A101, right click on
it and choose “Update driver”. Than do as described in #3.

5. Run A101 software.

6. Connect leads or probe to A101 device.

7. Calibrate A101 device with connected probe or leads “Main menu > Calibrate > Calibrate”.

8. After calibration save calibration file “Main menu > Calibrate > Save calfile as..”. It is better
to include test leads’ type into calfile name. If you will change test leads’ type, do calibration
again.

9. Save profile “Main menu > Profile > Save profile as..”.

Safety and Warnings

Do not apply voltage to input terminals.

Discharge capacitor before testing.

Do not measure powered circuits and connected to ground.

Connections

Figure 1: Connection of test leads, tweezers and USB cable to A101.

HC means high side current connector, positive polarity.
HP means high side potential connector, positive polarity.
LP means low side potential connector.
LC means low side current connector.

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Display, Panels and Menus

Display

Full list of measured parameters may be found in “Specifications” chapter.

 Main value is basic measured element of equivalent schematic. This indicator displays current

type of measurement, measured value and unit of measurement. See CLR panel for more
information.

 Auxiliary value is second element of equivalent schematic.

Figure 2: Display and panels, normal view.

It may be:

 Rs (ESR) – equivalent series resistance Rs = Z.im * D;
 Rp – equivalent parallel resistance Rp = Z.im / D;
 Cp – equivalent parallel capacitance for Rac Cp = 1 / (2

 “Auto start” button runs continuous measurements.
 “Manual start” button runs single measurement or stops continuous measurements.
 Impedance value indicator displays either real (Z.re) and imagery (Z.im) parts of impedance

or module (Z.md) and phase angle (Z.Θ), see view menu for more information about view
options.

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Rac / D);

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 Admittance value indicator displays either real (Y.re) and imagery (Y.im) parts of impedance

or module (Y.md) and phase angle (Y.Θ), see view menu for more information about view
options.

 Reference value indicator displays “main” value used for sorting or relative measurement.

It uses the same units as main value.

 Delta value indicator displays result of relative measurement.
 CLR panel is used to choose necessary type of measurement.
 Range panel is used for auto or manual range choice.
 Frequency panel is used for auto or manual frequency choice.
 Sorting panel is used to display results of sorting and for fast access to tolerance parameters.
 Nominal frequency indicator displays rounded value of real measuring frequency.

All displayed impedance and admittance values are recalculated from real frequency to nominal
frequency.

 Signal level indicator displays currently used output signal level. Signal level may be set in

work menu.

 Status indicator displays connection state of A101 device. It must be “Ready” for

measurements.

 DC voltage indicator displays Direct Current (DC) bias voltage on high side connectors (HC

and HP), see Figure 1.

 DUT voltage indicator displays voltage on Device Under Test (DUT).
 Real frequency displays exact value of measuring frequency.
 Rst voltage displays voltage on standard resistor, see Figure 56.

To start work, run A101 application, connect device or vice verse, choose type of measurement,
connect leads to DUT and press “Auto start” or “Manual start” button. “Auto
start” means continuous measurements until “Manual start” button will be pressed. “Manual start”
means single measurement with fixed range choice or a few measurements with auto range choice.

If device already was calibrated and calfile was saved and settings were saved in profile, they
will be auto loaded and you will see them on caption of application form.

Panels

CLR Panel

CLR panel provides fast access and visual control of current measurement.

Figure 3: CLR panel.

“Cs” means capacitance, series model.
“Cp” means capacitance, parallel model.
“Ls” means inductance, series model.

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“Lp” means inductance, parallel model.
“Rac” means Alternate Current (AC) resistance, parallel model.

All buttons have hints with equivalent models for every button.

Figure 4: CLR panel’s equivalent schematics.

Range Panel

Range panel provides fast access to auto or manual choice of range and visual control of current
range.

Capacitance:

Figure 5 Capacitance, range panel with auto choice.

with auto range choice, current range’s value is highlighted in green color

Figure 6: Capacitance, range panel with manual choice.

and with manual range choice, recommended range’s value is highlighted in green color.

Inductance:

Figure 7: Inductance, range panel with auto choice.

with auto range choice, current range’s value is highlighted in green color

Figure 8: Inductance, range panel with manual choice.

and with manual range choice, recommended range’s value is highlighted in green color.

AC resistance:

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Figure 9: AC resistance, range panel with auto choice.

with auto range choice, current range’s value is highlighted in green color

Figure 10: AC resistance, range panel with manual choice.

and with manual range choice, recommended range’s value is highlighted in green color.

Frequency Panel

Figure 11: Frequency panel with auto choice.

Frequency panel with auto range choice, current frequency’s value is highlighted in green color

Figure 12: Frequency panel with manual choice.

and with manual range choice, recommended frequency’s value is highlighted in green color.

Sorting Panel

Figure 13: Sorting panel.

Sorting panel shows tolerance relatively Reference value. Click on a button will open “Options”

window with “Sorting” page to adjust tolerance parameters for the button and the bin.

Menus

Profile Menu

Figure 14: Profile menu.

“Profile” menu allows all current settings to be saved to or loaded from
a profile file. Profile is useful when you need periodically repeat a few

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different measurements like tolerance sorting for different values and
different tolerance settings.

View Menu

In “View” menu you can choose:

- normal or compact application size,

Figure 15: Compact view.

Figure 16: View menu.

- panels’ visibility,

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Figure 17: Panels’ visibility menu.

- format of values – Cartesian with real and imagery parts or Polar with module and phase angle

parts,

Figure 18: Format menu.

Figure 19: Example of formats.

- format of numbers - General or Scientific,

Figure 20: Number menu.

Figure 21: Example of numbers.

- set “Stay on top” view mode,

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- number of digits,

Figure 22: Digits menu.

and

- open “Options” window to set DC bias voltage scan parameters and tolerance parameters for

sorting.

Figure 23: Options window.

Work Menu

In “Work” menu, which is useful if CLR, range and frequency panels are hidden,

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Figure 24: Work menu.

you can choose:

- type of measurement: capacitance with series model “Cs”, capacitance with parallel model “Cp”,
inductance with series model “Ls”, inductance with parallel model “Lp” and AC resistance with
parallel model “Rac”.

- range of value: with auto choice (“Auto” on range panel or menu) or manual choice by user,

Figure 25: CLR and range menus.

- measuring frequency: with auto choice (“Auto” on frequency panel or menu) or manual choice
by user,

- set averaging value from 1 to 50,

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Figure 26: Frequency and averaging menus.

- set signal level 0.5V or 0.05V,

Figure 27: Signal level menu.

- open direct current (DC) voltage scan parameters page (“DCV scan”) to start scanning,

Figure 28: DCV scan menu and Options window.

- set last main value as reference (“Set as reference”) or double click on the main value,

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Figure 29: Set as reference menu.

- set arbitrary value as reference on “Options” window or double click on reference value,

Figure 30: Set reference menu.

- open sorting parameters page,

Figure 31: Sorting menu and window.

Also click on “Sorting” panel will open “Options” window to edit a value of this bin. Names of

bins on sorting panel are values of maximum limits.

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- start recording of data in new worksheet (Alt + N) or add last data (Space),

Figure 32: Record data menu.

- set power net frequency and thereby do 100Hz (50Hz) or 120Hz (60Hz) frequency choice.

Figure 33: Net frequency menu.

“CLR”, “Range” and “Frequency” menus in “Work” menu are duplicated with “CLR”, “Range”

and “Frequency” panels.

Calibrate Menu

Figure 34: Calibrate menu.

“Calibrate” menu allows to start new calibration and than save it as calibration file (calfile) and

later open it to save time if maximum accuracy is not necessary.

Charts& Menu

“Charts&” menu provides access to all created charts and data worksheets.

Figure 35: Find and show result window.

Help Menu

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“Help” menu gives access to this User Manual and “About” window with link to www.accuhard.com.

Figure 36: Help menu and “About” window.

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Making C, L and Rac Measurements

Connect leads to LCR meter as shown on Figure 1.
Connect LCR meter to computer, run “A101” software.
Connect leads to Device Under Test (DUT) as shown on figures 37 – 39.

Measuring Capacitance (C)

Connect leads to Device Under Test (DUT) as shown on Figure 37.

All capacitors must be discharged before connection to LCR meter.

Select “Cs’ or “Cp” type of measurement on CLR panel or in CLR menu.
Set “Auto” on range and frequency panels or in range and frequency menus.
Press “Auto start” or “Manual start” button.
Read the displays. If the main value is colored in red and status bar has a label “Out of range”, check
the range and frequency and also check leads’ connection, it may be shorted.

If auto range choice cannot find right range, set the range manually.

Since test leads have significant uncompensated inductance, up to 0.5µH and even more, and
this inductance very strong depends from the leads’ position, it is hard to keep the inductance stable
to compensate by calibration. For measuring frequency 100kHz the uncompensated portion of the
inductance will give reactance comparable with reactance of the capacitors with capacitance of a few
µF and higher. So you need to be very careful with measuring frequency 100kHz. LCR meter must
be freshly calibrated before such measurements take place. Leads’ position must be unchanged after
calibration.

Figure 37: Through hole, SMD and low ESR SMD capacitors' connection.

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Measuring Inductance (L)

Figure 38: Inductor’s connection.

Connect leads to an inductor as shown on Figure 38.
Select “Ls’ or “Lp” type of measurement on CLR panel or in CLR menu.
Set “Auto” on range and frequency panels or in range and frequency menus.
Press “Auto start” or “Manual start” button.
Read the displays. If the main value is colored in red and status bar has a label “Out of range”, check
the range and frequency and also check leads’ connection, it may be open.

If auto range choice cannot find right range, set the range manually.

Since test leads have significant uncompensated inductance, up to 0.5µH and even more,
and this inductance very strong depends from the leads’ position, it is hard to keep the inductance
stable to compensate by calibration. For measuring frequency 100kHz the uncompensated portion
of the inductance will give reactance comparable with reactance of low value inductors with the
inductance less than tens µH. So you need to be very careful with measuring frequency 100kHz.
LCR meter must be freshly calibrated before such measurements take place. Leads’ position must
be unchanged after calibration.

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Measuring AC Resistance (Rac)

Figure 39: Resistor’s connection.

Connect leads to a resistor as shown on Figure 39.
Select “Rac” type of measurement on CLR panel or in CLR menu.
Set “Auto” on range and frequency panels or in range and frequency menus.
Press “Auto start” or “Manual start” button.
Read the displays. If the main value is colored in red and status bar has label “Out of range”, check
the range and frequency and also check leads’ connection, it may be open.

If auto range choice cannot find right range, set the range manually.

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DC Bias Voltage Scan

Click “DCV scan” in “Work” menu to begin DC bias voltage scan.

Figure 40: DC bias voltage scan settings.

Use “DCV scan” page of “Options” window to set parameters and start DCV scanning.
Better to use fixed range, not Auto range, for DCV scan.

DCV scan page on Options window also gives possibility to measure capacitance with any
fixed DC bias voltage in range 0 – 30V.

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Figure 41: Diode’s connection.

Connect positive high side leads to diode’s cathode as shown on Figure 41.
Use 0.05V signal level for diode’s capacitance measurement.
For capacitors, inductors and resistors 0.5V level is preferred.

Figure 42: DC bias voltage scan results for ceramic capacitor with high capacitance density.

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You can save the DCV scanned data in file and charts as pictures by the main menu or pop up

menu.

To edit the chart titles use the pop up menu.

Figure 43: Data page of DCV scan.

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Figure 44: Main and Rs (ESR) chart example.

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Figure 45: Main, D and Q chart example with pop up menu.

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Figure 46: Main chart with title edit window.

Sorting and Relative Measurement

To start sorting, first you need to set “Main reference” parameter and, if necessary, change
the limits of bins. Zero value of the main reference means no sorting. After editing the reference value
click “OK” button or press “Enter”.

Choose “Set reference” in “Work” menu or double click reference value.

To edit thresholds of bins click the bin’s button if “Options’ window is not visible or choose
the required bin page. Click “OK” button.

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Figure 47: Set reference example.

Figure 48: Relative measurement and sorting.

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You will see relative difference or delta and only one highlighted bin with limits wider than
the delta.

To set the current main value as reference just double click it.

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Performing Calibration

Start calibration as shown on Figure 49 and Figure 50.

Figure 49: Calibrate menu.

Figure 50: “Open probe” message.

Open test leads, tweezers or probe as shown on Figure 51 and press OK button.

Figure 51: Kelvin test leads and tweezers in open state for calibration.

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Figure 52: Calibration progress window.

Wait until the “Short probe” message (Figure 53), short test leads, tweezers or probe as shown
on Figure 54 then press OK button. Wait until the end of calibration (Figure 55).

Figure 53: “Short probe” message.

Figure 54: Kelvin test leads and tweezers in short state for calibration.

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Figure 55: End of calibration.

Save results of calibration in a calibration file (calfile) and if you created a new calfile and
planning to use the same test leads later, save the profile as well. It is better to include test leads’ type
into the calfile name.
On the next A101 application start these files will be auto loaded.

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Theory of Operation

Figure 56: I-V schematics for low and high DUT impedance.

I-V method is used in A101 LCR meter. Standard resistor’s (Rst) and DUT’s (Zdut) positions
are changed by type of measurement and range to increase accuracy. Left schematic is used
for low impedance DUTs and right for high impedance DUTs.

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Figure 57: Simplified A101 schematic’s configuration for high impedance DUTs.

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Figure 58: Simplified A101 schematic’s configuration for low impedance DUTs.

Simplified schematic of A101 LCR meter is shown on Figure 57 and Figure 58. Different
configurations allow to apply additional gain of signal ADC to increase signal to noise ratio.
To minimize capacitance of cables, to shields the cables the same voltage as V2 is applied. In this
case shields work as guards.

Signal ADC measures all voltages V0 – V4 one by one and software on PC calculates all
parameters of a DUT.

DC ADC periodically measures DC bias voltage on high side to provide visual control of
really applied to DUT DC bias voltage.

Maximum DC current through DUT is limited by 2k resistor.

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Specifications

Parameters Measured

 Cs – capacitance, series model;
 Cp – capacitance, parallel model;
 Ls – inductance, series model;
 Lp – inductance, parallel model;
 Rac – alternate current (AC) resistance, parallel model;
 Rs – equivalent series resistance (ESR), series model, Rs = Z.im * D;
 Rp – equivalent parallel resistance, parallel model, Rp = Z.im / D;
 D – dissipation factor;
 Q – quality factor;
 Z.re – impedance, real part, series model, Cartesian coordinates;
 Z.im – impedance, imagery part, series model, Cartesian coordinates;
 Z.md – impedance, module, polar coordinates;
 Z.Θ – impedance, phase angle, polar coordinates;
 Y.re – admittance, real part, parallel model, Cartesian coordinates;
 Y.im – admittance, imagery part, parallel model, Cartesian coordinates;
 Y.md – admittance, module, polar coordinates;
 Y.Θ – admittance, phase angle, polar coordinates;
 Delta – relative delta, Delta = (Main value – Reference) / Reference * 100%;

Ranges

C: 300pF, 3nF, 30nF, 300nF, 3µF, 30µF, 300µF, 3mF, 30mF, 100mF
L: 30µH, 300µH, 3mH, 30mH, 300mH, 3H, 30H, 300H, 1kH
Rac: 30Ω, 300Ω, 3kΩ, 30kΩ, 300kΩ, 3MΩ, 10MΩ

Measurement Rate

>120Hz: 5 per second
≤120Hz: 1.1 per second

Test Signal Level

≤0.5Vrms ±10%
≤0.05Vrms ±10%

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Consumption

Voltage: 5V ±10%
Current: <400mA

Environmental

Operating temperature: 5°C to 40°C, <70%RH
Storage temperature: -20°C to 70°C, <80%RH

Mechanical

Device dimensions: 14.5 cm W x 10.5 cm D x 4.1 cm H (5.7” x 4.4” x 1.6”)
Summary weight: < 700 g (1.6 lb)

Accuracy Specifications

Accuracy is specified at 23°C ± 5°C, <70% RH.
All accuracy is specified as ±[(% of reading) + (Offset as % of current range’s value or Full Scale
(FS))].
For the most precise measurement results, the meter has to be freshly calibrated before taking a
reading.

Table 1: Impedance/Resistance accuracy AZ with auto range choice and 0.5V level.

Range Resolution 20Hz 100/120Hz 1kHz 10kHz 100kHz

30Ω 0.1mΩ 0.3%+0.01% 0.3%+0.01% 0.3%+0.01% 0.3%+0.01% 1.0%+0.03%

300Ω 1mΩ 0.3%+0.01% 0.3%+0.01% 0.3%+0.01% 0.3%+0.01% 1.0%+0.03%

3kΩ 10mΩ 0.3%+0.01% 0.3%+0.01% 0.3%+0.01% 0.3%+0.01% 1.0%+0.03%

30kΩ 100mΩ 0.3%+0.01% 0.3%+0.01% 0.3%+0.01% 0.3%+0.01% 2.0%+0.03%

300kΩ 1Ω 0.3%+0.01% 0.3%+0.01% 0.3%+0.01% 1.0%+0.03% -

3MΩ 10Ω 1.0%+0.03% 1.0%+0.03% 1.0%+0.03% - -

10MΩ 100Ω 2.0%+0.05% 2.0%+0.05% - - -

Table 2: Capacitance accuracy AC with auto range choice and 0.5V level.

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Range Resolution 20Hz 100/120Hz 1kHz 10kHz 100kHz

*

300pF

3nF 0.01pF - 0.3%+0.01% 0.3%+0.01% 0.3%+0.01% 1.0%+0.03%

30nF 0.1pF 0.3%+0.01% 0.3%+0.01% 0.3%+0.01% 0.3%+0.01% 1.0%+0.03%

300nF 1pF 0.3%+0.01% 0.3%+0.01% 0.3%+0.01% 0.3%+0.01% 1.0%+0.1%

3µF 10pF 0.3%+0.01% 0.3%+0.01% 0.3%+0.01% 1.0%+0.03% 3.0%+0.3%

30µF 100pF 0.3%+0.01% 0.3%+0.01% 0.3%+0.01% 3.0%+0.3% 10.0%+0.5%

300µF 1nF 0.3%+0.01% 0.3%+0.01% 1.0%+0.03% 10.0%+0.5% -

3mF 10nF 1.0%+0.03% 1.0%+0.03% 3.0%+0.3% - -

30mF 100nF 2.0%+0.1% 3.0%+0.3% - - -

100mF 1µF 3.0%+0.3% - - - -

0.001pF - - 0.5%+0.03% 0.5%+0.03% 2.0%+0.05%

Table 3: Inductance accuracy AL with auto range choice and 0.5V level.

Range Resolution 20Hz 100/120Hz 1kHz 10kHz 100kHz

*

30µH

300µH 1nH - - 0.3%+0.01% 0.3%+0.01% 1.0%+0.03%

3mH 10nH - 0.3%+0.01% 0.3%+0.01% 0.3%+0.01% 1.0%+0.03%

30mH 100nH - 0.3%+0.01% 0.3%+0.01% 0.3%+0.01% 1.0%+0.03%

300mH 1µH - 0.3%+0.01% 0.3%+0.01% 0.3%+0.01% 1.0%+0.03%

3H 10µH - 0.3%+0.01% 0.3%+0.01% 1.0%+0.03% -

30H 100µH - 0.3%+0.01% 1.0%+0.03% 3.0%+0.1% -

300H 1mH - 1.0%+0.03% 3.0%+0.1% - -

1kH 10mH - 3.0%+0.1% - - -

0.1nH - - - 1.0%+0.03% 1.0%+0.03%

*

Table 4: AC Resistance accuracy ARac with 0.5V level.

Range Resolution 20Hz 100/120Hz 1kHz 10kHz 100kHz

30Ω 0.1mΩ - 0.3%+0.01% 0.3%+0.01% 0.3%+0.01% 1.0%+0.03%

300Ω 1mΩ - 0.3%+0.01% 0.3%+0.01% 0.3%+0.01% 1.0%+0.03%

3kΩ 10mΩ - 0.3%+0.01% 0.3%+0.01% 0.3%+0.01% 1.0%+0.03%

30kΩ 100mΩ - 0.3%+0.01% 0.3%+0.01% 0.3%+0.01% -

300kΩ 1Ω - 0.3%+0.01% 0.3%+0.01% 1.0%+0.03% -

3MΩ 10Ω - 1.0%+0.03% 1.0%+0.03% - -

10MΩ 100Ω - 2.0%+0.05% - - -

* After calibration with the same leads/probes position as for measurement.

Table 5: Phase angle of impedance accuracy Θe.

Range Resolution Accuracy = Θ

-180° to 180° 0.001°

(AZ + Offset / Zx)* 180 /

e

p

Condition

D < 1 or Q > 1

Notes:

*

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1. The AZ and Offset variables are the accuracy specified at Table 1.

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Table 6: Dissipation/Quality factor accuracy.

Range Resolution Accuracy = D

e

Condition

C 0.00001 to 99999 AC + (Offset / Cx)*100% + 0.01% D < 1 or Q > 1

L 0.00001 to 99999 AL + (Offset / Lx)*100% + 0.01% D < 1 or Q > 1

Z 0.00001 to 99999 AZ + (Offset / Zx)*100% + 0.01% D < 1 or Q > 1

Rac 0.00001 to 99999 ARac + (Offset / Rx)*100% + 0.01% D < 1 or Q > 1

Notes:

1. The AC, AL, AZ, Arac and Offset variables are the accuracy specified at Table 1, Table 2,
Table 3 and Table 4 respectively.

2. The quality factor is the reciprocal of the dissipation factor.

Frequency accuracy: 0.01%.
DC bias voltage accuracy: 0.5% * V ± 0.1V.
DC current limiting resistance 2k ± 5%.

What is included

 USB LCR meter device 1pc.
 Kelvin alligator leads 1set.
 Kelvin tweezers 1pc.
 USB AB male cable 1pc.
 CD with software 1pc.

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Warranties

FCC Compliance

This device is exempt from FCC Certification under 47 CFR Part 15.103(c).

CE Compliance

This device complies with the Class B limits of CISPR 11 and all relevant requirements of
EN 61326-1: 2006.

Warranty

The information contained in this manual is subject to change without notice. Accuhard makes
no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including, but not limited to, the implied
warranties or merchant-ability and fitness for a particular purpose.
Accuhard shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages
in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material. This Accuhard product has
a warranty against defects in material and workmanship for a period of one year from date of
shipment. During the warranty period, Accuhard will, at its option, either repair or replace products
that prove to be defective.

Warranty Service

For warranty service or repair, this product must be returned to Accuhard. The Buyer shall pay
shipping charges to Accuhard and Accuhard shall pay UPS Ground, or equivalent, shipping charges
to return the product to the Buyer. However, the Buyer shall pay all shipping charges, duties, and
taxes, to and from Accuhard, for products returned from another country.

Limitation of Warranty

The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper use by the Buyer,
Buyer-supplied software or interfacing, unauthorized modification or misuse, operation outside of
the environmental specifications for the product. No other warranty is expressed or implied.
Accuhard specifically disclaims the implied warranties or merchant-ability and fitness for a particular
purpose.

Certification

Accuhard certifies that, at the time of shipment, this product conformed to its published specifications.

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