Accucold TM1A USE & CARE

TM1A
Digital Alarm Module
User Manual
Accucold Division of Felix Storch, Inc. An ISO 9001:2015 registered company
Bronx, NY 10474
www.accucold.com
Write Model and Serial Numbers here: Model No.:
Serial No.:
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INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................... 1
UNIT CHECK .............................................................................................................................................. 2
PANEL ...................................................................................................................................................... 4
UNPACKING INFORMATION .......................................................................................................................... 5
OPERATIONAL CHECK ................................................................................................................................ 5
BASIC OPERATION ..................................................................................................................................... 6
HIGHEST/LOWEST OPERATION .................................................................................................................... 6
SWITCH ALARM OPERATION ....................................................................................................................... 8
SENSOR PROBE ........................................................................................................................................ 9
PROBE CALIBRATION: RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................ 10
PROBE CALIBRATION: SOFTWARE OFFSET ................................................................................................. 11
PROBE CALIBRATION: FULL HARDWARE CALIBRATION ................................................................................ 11
OPTIONAL FEATURES ............................................................................................................................... 13
FAHRENHEIT OPTION (F) .......................................................................................................................... 13
HIGH-RESOLUTION DISPLAY (H) ............................................................................................................... 13
RELAY OPTION (R) .................................................................................................................................. 13
BATTERY BACK-UP (B) ............................................................................................................................ 13
CURRENT OUTPUT OPTION (I) .................................................................................................................. 14
VOLTAGE OUTPUT OPTION (V) ................................................................................................................. 14
ANALOG COMPUTER MONITORING SYSTEM (CMS)..................................................................................... 14
DIGITAL COMPUTER MONITORING SYSTEM (D) ........................................................................................... 14
PROGRAMMING ........................................................................................................................................ 15
PARAMETER LISTS ................................................................................................................................... 16
INTRODUCTION
The TM1A Digital Alarm is a temperature monitoring and alarm device with user-programmable high/low alarm set points and initial alarm delay time. Parameters are stored in non-volatile memory and are maintained even when power is removed.
The temperature readout for the TM1A can be factory-set to ºC or ºF. It can also be readily mounted into optional custom panels, for integration with existing equipment.
The TM1A is quite simple to operate. Plug in the unit, place the probe in the location to be monitored, and the display will show the temperature of that location. Pushing the three buttons allows the user to program both high and low alarm set points for the temperature range.
Optional features allow the unit to send temperature data to a recorder or (through an appropriate translator), a computerized monitoring system. Please contact Accucold for details of the many possibilities!
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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UNIT CHECK
Check the serial number label on the rear of the unit to be certain that it is the proper unit for your application. The label will show model number, temperature range, probe type, and any options in the following format: 140-T-P-O.
Temperature ranges:
T Code
Range, ºC
Range ºF
100
-100 to +100 ºC
-148 to 212 ºF
200
-200 to +50 ºC
-328 to 106 ºF
400
0 to +400 ºC
32 to 752 ºF
Probe Types:
P Code
Probe
P100
100Ω RTD (standard probe)
P1000
1000Ω RTD
U
Micro-amp current source
K
K-type thermocouple
T
T-type thermocouple
Options:
O Code
Option
F
Fahrenheit display option
H
High-resolution display (0.1º) (not all ranges or sensors)
R
Relay output
B
NiMH battery back-up with a built-in trickle charger
SWIN
Switch Input (typically Door Ajar monitoring)
I
4-20 ma current output
V
Voltage output for recorder
CMS
V-out for use w/analog CMS
D
Digital serial communication: RS232 or RS485 or CMS translator
X
Custom option
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PANEL
The LCD Display shows the temperature in ºC or ºF, depending on the option.
If the unit has the battery-backup option, the display shows a BAT message to indicate that
there has been a power loss and it is running on the battery.
The STATUS tricolor LED shows the status of the unit.
Green = temperature in range Red = temperature is out of range
Amber = program mode The light blinks off briefly each second to show the unit is active. The ALM TEST push-button interrupts line power, to allow testing of the battery and the alarm relay. The bright red ALARM LED shows alarm conditions.
In alarm mode, it flashes every half-second.
In alarm mute mode, it gives a short blink every second.
The BEEPER shows alarm conditions and user activity.
In alarm mode, it gives a long beep.
In alarm mute mode, it gives a short chirp.
It gives an audible tick to indicate a button has been pressed.
The MUTE/PROGRAM button has three functions.
In Normal Run mode, if the unit is beeping, pressing the button will mute the beeper for a
preset time. Each time the button is pressed the mute time resets.
Holding the button down for two seconds takes the unit out of Normal Run mode and into
Programming mode. At the same time, it mutes the beeper.
When in Programming mode, pressing the button steps the unit through the various
programming parameters. The HI/INCR button has a different function for each operating mode.
In Normal Run mode, pressing the button causes the high temperature set point to be
displayed.
In Programming mode, pressing the button increases the displayed parameter value. The LO/DECR button has a different function for each operating mode.
In Normal Run mode, pressing the button causes the low temperature set point to be
displayed.
In Programming mode, pressing the button decreases the displayed parameter value.
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UNPACKING INFORMATION
The TM1A unit normally ships with the probe connected. If the unit has the battery back-up option, the battery is disabled before shipping. NOTE: Remove the tagged screw in the side of the 140 box to enable the battery. Assume the
battery is discharged and allow it to charge for at least 24 hours to ensure full capacity.
OPERATIONAL CHECK
1. Plug the TM1A into a line power outlet. Most units are equipped with 110–240V input power
supplies, if you have 220V power, check the label on the power supply to verify compatibility. If
the air temperature is within the unit’s operating range, the display should show the current
probe (air) temperature.
If the display is blank, check to make sure that power is going to the unit. If the STATUS LED is lit (any color), the TM1A has power. If not, verify that the power supply is plugged into the unit and into line power.
2. Hold the sensing part of the probe tightly in your hand. If your body temperature is within the unit’s operating range, the displayed temperature should begin to go up. It will take several seconds to level off.
If the TM1A does not respond as it should, call Accucold for assistance.
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BASIC OPERATION
The TM1A has two modes: operating and programming. In operating mode, the display shows the temperature that the probe is reading. The display does not
“round off” the temperature. If it shows a value of 10º, the actual temperature can range from 10.0º to
10.9º. Therefore, a very small system change of 0.1º or less (or a minor electronic disturbance) may
cause the displayed temperature to change one digit. It is only when the displayed change holds steady for more than 20 seconds that it can be related to real thermal changes in the probe.
Press the push button labeled “HI/INCR” to cause the display to show the high-temperature set point. Press the push-button labeled “LO/DECR” to cause the display to show the low temperature set point. Press the MUTE and DECR buttons at the same time to cause the display to show the software
version number. It will be different from the temperature display in that it will show two decimal places, such as “1.01.”
The TM1A compares the probe’s temperature reading to the set points for out-of-range states. An out-of-range state is a temperature that is “equal to or beyond the set point.” For instance, if the low set point is 0.0, then the temperature reading is out-of-range for 0.0º and below. The STATUS LED glows green when the probe reads an in-range temperature and red when the temperature is out of range.
The TM1A will not declare an alarm until the out-of-range state has continued for a specified time (the “alarm delay”). This alarm delay time will prevent transient nuisance alarms.
When an alarm condition occurs, the beeper and LED will both begin. Press the MUTE/PROGRAM button to stop the beeper for a specified time, changing the sound to short ‘chirps.’ When the temperature goes back within range and there are no out-of-range readings for thirty seconds, the chirping stops, and the MUTE/PROGRAM button resets. If another out-of-range condition then occurs, the beeper will again start at full volume.
After the user-programmable “SILENCE” parameter times out, if the TM1A is still in a constant alarm condition, the beeper will go back to full volume.
HIGHEST/LOWEST OPERATION
At power up and unit reset, the Highest and Lowest values are set to the current temperature.
To view the Highest temperature
HOLD both the Hi and the Lo buttons together
(Observe “H L” on display)
Continue holding Hi and release the Lo button
The Status LED will switch to Amber to indicate that the displayed temperature is not the current temperature, but the saved temperature.
To view the Lowest temperature
HOLD both the Hi and the Lo buttons together
(Observe “H L” on display)
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Continue holding Lo and release the Hi button
To manually reset the Highest and Lowest to the current temperature
HOLD both the Hi and the Lo buttons together
(Observe “H L” on display)
Press the Mute/Program button
(Observe all segments on (1888)
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SWITCH ALARM OPERATION
For units purchased with the SWIN (Switch Input) option, the unit is able to monitor a door or another Open/Closed Switch input. Set the Switch Alarm (SA) parameter in the Setup parameters to activate this alarm.
Switch Alarm:
-1 Alarm on Closed input 0 Do not alarm 1 Alarm on Open input
Set the Switch Alarm Delay (SAD) in the standard parameters to specify the amount of time to delay before alarming.
When the Switch Input is in the alarm condition for longer than the Switch Alarm Delay time, the TM1A will alarm and display the door status “OP” or “CL”. Once the unit mutes the alarm, the display will return to the current temperature.
To view the status of the switch input
HOLD both the Hi and the Lo buttons together
(Observe “H L” on display)
Press the Mute/Program button
(Observe all segments on (1888)
Continue Holding Hi and Lo and release the Program
Observe “OP” or “CL,” the status of the switch input.
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SENSOR PROBE
The probe supplied with the TM1A is a highly accurate temperature sensor. The sensor may be put in water or other mild aqueous solutions.
NOTE: Avoid submerging the probe in solvents or harsh chemicals. Use protective thermowells
when monitoring such materials.
NOTE: The warranty does NOT cover damage to probes or electronics that is caused by exceeding
temperature limitations, or damage to probes caused by using them in solvents or other unsuitable environments.
NOTE: If the display shows a continuous reading of 199.9, the probe has failed. Replace the probe
and recalibrate the unit.
Probe Installation
The probe may be used in air or in a simulated product, such as glycol. If installing the sensor in a cabinet or enclosure (particularly freezers), make sure to use good
techniques to prevent room moisture from getting into the cabinet. Whenever possible, install the probe through an existing access port provided by the cabinet manufacturer, then reseal the port.
Alternatively, the probe can be run under, over, or through the door-sealing gasket. Often a door gasket will have a joint at one or more corners. Open that joint slightly by carefully making a slit with a razor blade. Insert the probe wire and then reseal the joint with a flexible silicone sealing compound. Inside the cabinet, run the probe wire so that it will not become snagged during loading, unloading, or cleaning procedures.
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Probe Location
Install the sensor probe in a location where it will respond to the average temperature of the space being monitored and not to local conditions caused by door openings, etc.
The object of the probe location is to provide some safety for the area being monitored without generating “false” or nuisance alarms. For example, locating the sensor probe on the bottom of a chest freezer will result in the alarm being sounded later than if it was located near the top. However, locating the sensor too close to the top of the chest freezer could result in the alarm being sounded due to routine lid opening. Choose a probe location that offers the safety desired for the enclosure contents.
Probe Calibration: Recommendations
Accucold recommends that the calibration of the alarms be verified annually. All our temperature alarms are factory calibrated to NIST standards and tested by factory trained
personnel. The first two digits of the serial number indicate the year and the second two digits indicate the month
that our alarms were built and calibrated.
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Probe Calibration: Software Offset
Place the T140 probe and a reference probe together, in a stable well agitated bath. It is imperative that the reference probe and the T140 probe be positioned together and given time to equilibrate. If you find that the T140 temperature differs from your reference temperature, you may adjust a software parameter to offset the T140 temperature.
To access the OFFSET parameter
Press and hold LO/DECR, then add HI/INCR, then add MUTE/PROGRAM
release LO/DECR
Wait for the unit to give a short BLIP and the display to change to "OFF"
Release the buttons
Set the parameter accordingly. If you need the unit to display 2 degrees lower than it does, set the OFFSET to -2. If you need it to display 1 degree higher, set it to 1.
Probe Calibration: Full Hardware Calibration
The temperature sensor used in the TM1A has excellent long-term stability and should not need recalibration in normal usage. However, if the probe is subjected to temperature extremes outside of the normal operating range for the unit, or if the probe is damaged and needs to be replaced, it must be recalibrated.
Equipment Needed:
Small flat screwdriver or potentiometer adjuster
Water bath, in an insulated container and at a KNOWN temperature different from 0 ºC. Use a
thermometer you can trust.
Ice water bath, with plenty of clean solid ice in it. The following bath will provide a temperature of 0ºC to within ±.04º:
Use an insulated Thermos container to contain the bath.
Get an ordinary aquarium bubbler. It should have a “stone” in it to make little bubbles rather
than big ones. Put the end of the bubbler hose in the bottom of the Thermos container.
Place cold water in the container, with plenty of ice. The water and ice should be distilled water, since water with impurities in it freezes at a temperature below 0ºC.
Start running the bubbler.
Use this water bath rather than just putting the sensor on plain ice because the plain ice will
probably be colder than 0ºC (freezers generally operate at –20ºC). The air from the bubbler keeps the water moving over the ice. The ice chills the water, but since the water is kept moving by the bubbler it does not freeze. The cold of the ice keeps it right at the freezing point, which for distilled water is 0°C.
1. Set up the unit for calibration:
1.1. Disconnect the unit from its power source.
1.2. Unscrew the four corner screws on the front panel. Carefully remove front panel from box. Turn it over and lay it down to the right of the case. The circuit board of unit is exposed to view.
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1.3. Plug the unit into a 110-120 volt power supply.
2. Adjust the Zero Point:
2.1. Stir the ice water bath and place the temperature probe in it. Let the probe sit in the bath for about 5 minutes to allow it to stabilize at temperature.
2.2. Locate the adjustment potentiometers (pot) on the left edge of the board. One of the adjustment potentiometers will be marked with a “0”. This is the ZERO adjust. Another will be marked with an “S.” This is the SPAN adjust.
2.3. Turn the “0” adjustment pot with a small screwdriver until the display reads 0 (or 0.0 for H option models). Try to “center” 0 by turning a little past until a 1 or –1 appears, estimating the distance moved, then returning the pot to a point where 0 just appears on the display.
3. Adjust the Span:
3.1. Using a rubber band or masking tape, join the sensor probe and the thermometer so that their sensing tips are as close together as possible.
3.2. Stir the probe/thermometer in the water bath. Allow time for the probe and the reference thermometer to stabilize.
3.3. Turn the “S” adjustment pot until the reference thermometer and the display agree. Use the same “centering” technique outlined under the zero adjust instructions.
NOTE: If this higher temperature is changing rapidly, it will be difficult to make an accurate adjustment. One technique to slow the rate of change is to use an insulated container (Dewar flask or Thermos bottle) and keep the probe/thermometer near the bottom while stirring gently.
4. Repeat 2 & 3
The SPAN and ZERO adjustments are interactive, therefore recheck the ZERO setting. Readjust if needed and then recheck the SPAN adjustment.
NOTE: Factory recalibration of units that have been incorrectly adjusted is not covered by warranty
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OPTIONAL FEATURES
Fahrenheit Option (F)
The standard 140 displays temperature in degrees Celsius. The “F” option indicates that the unit is calibrated and displays degrees Fahrenheit.
High Resolution Display (H)
The high-resolution option allows temperature monitoring and alarm setting to 0.1ºC. All the TM1A standard features remain the same.
Relay Option (R)
The relay option consists of a single-pole double-throw (SPDT) relay that changes state (switches) with the loss of line power or with the presence of an alarm condition.
NOTE: The relay is rated for pilot duty operation only. Do NOT use it for control switching. The relay
contacts and connections are rated at 30v/1A.
In normal applications, the relay signals remote or central monitoring systems that an alarm condition has occurred at the equipment being monitored.
If the 140 unit has the relay option, the relay will “pull-in” when line power is present. If an alarm condition lasts for a designated time (the “relay delay”), the relay will “drop out,” causing the relay
contacts to switch. If the alarm condition does not last long enough for the relay delay to time out, the relay will not go into its alarm position. The relay will also “drop out” if power to the alarm is lost, acting as a power loss detector. When the main power to the alarm is lost, the bicolor LED on the upper left of the panel will go dark.
NOTE: Mute button, beeper or LED activities do not affect relay status.
Battery Back-Up (B)
TM1A units that have the battery back-up option ship with the battery in place and connected but disabled. Remove the screw located on the outside of the left side of the module to activate the battery option.
When line power is present, all the normal features of the TM1A are operating. When line power is lost, the battery provides power to continue to display the temperature of the area being monitored.
Testing the battery:
The battery recharges when the unit is plugged into line power. To test the battery, push the ALM TEST button on the front panel. The following should happen:
The display will show a small BAT designation.
The Alarm LED will light red.
The beeper alarm will sound full on.
On units with the relay option, the relay will switch.
If the button is held longer than 6 seconds, the unit will reset, the activity LED will stop blinking, and the unit will not restart until 5 seconds after the button is released.
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Current Output Option (I)
The I option sends out a milliamp signal that is proportional to the temperature being monitored. The I option is calibrated so that the units sends out 4 ma at a user defined low temperature, and 20 ma at a user defined upper temperature.
Voltage Output Option (V)
The V option sends out a millivolt signal that is proportional to the temperature being monitored. The standard output is 10 mv per degree C, with 0 mv at 0 ºC. For example, if the monitored temperature is +37 ºC, the voltage output is +370 mv (0.370 v). If the monitored temperature is -20 ºC, the voltage present at the V option connector is -200 mv (-0.200v).
NOTE: This voltage output signal is intended for recorders and data loggers only. Do not try to use
this voltage to operate other devices directly.
The input impedance of the apparatus using the voltage signal should not be less than 100K ohms.
Analog Computer Monitoring System (CMS)
This computer monitoring option is used with our computer-based CMS system. This option provides a 4-prong terminal strip for power in and voltage out.
Digital Computer Monitoring System (D)
This serial communication option can be configured for RS232, RS485, or RS485/DMS. Please contact Accucold for serial protocol.
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PROGRAMMING To program the TM1A
1. Hold the Program button for two seconds to bring the unit into Programming mode.
2. The display will show the first parameter that can be programmed (high temperature limit). The name of the parameter will flash, then the current value of that parameter.
3. To change the value of a parameter, press the INCR or DECR buttons. Pressing either button will change the parameter value by one count.
4. Holding either button for half a second will change the parameter value by 10 counts. It will continue to step by ten on further button pushes, as long as the pushes occur within a short period.
5. Releasing the INCR or DECR buttons for a half second will cause the step to revert to one.
6. Once the unit is in Programming mode, each time the Mute button is pressed, the unit steps to the next parameter. As the unit steps to the next parameter, the value of the previous parameter is saved. Once the final parameter is reached, pressing the Mute button returns the unit to Normal Run mode, saving the final parameter.
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Parameter Lists
Standard Parameters: Hi, Lo, Ad, rd, SAD, SIL Setup* Parameters: CHP, OFF, dEF, SA
Hi (High Limit)
This is the high temperature limit. The current temperature is considered out-of-range if the probe reads a temperature equal to or above the high temperature limit.
Lo (Low Limit)
This is the low temperature limit. The current temperature is considered out-of-range if the probe reads a temperature equal to or below the low temperature limit.
Ad (Alarm Delay)
The TM1A will not declare an alarm until the out-of-range state has continued for a specified time (the “alarm delay”). This alarm delay time will prevent transient nuisance alarms. The alarm delay time can be set for 0 to 30 minutes.
SAD (Switch Alarm Delay)
The TM1A will not declare an alarm until the switch has been in its alarm position for a specified time (the "switch alarm delay"). The switch alarm delay time can be set for 0 to 30 minutes.
rd (Relay Delay)
This parameter is used in conjunction with the relay option. If there is an alarm condition, the relay contacts will switch. The relay delay parameter allows the user to set the amount of time delay from when the alarm condition begins to when the relay contact actually switches. This keeps the relay from switching during short “nuisance alarms.” The operator may set the relay delay time for 0 to 30 minutes.
SIL (Alarm Silence (Mute))
This parameter sets the number of minutes the beeper will “chirp” when the mute button is pressed
during an alarm condition. After the Silence Time elapses, if the alarm condition still exists, the beeper will begin to sound at full volume again. This parameter can be set from 5 to 120 minutes.
* To access the Setup parameters
Press and hold LO/DECR, then add HI/INCR, then add MUTE/PROGRAM,
release LO/DECR
Wait for the unit to give a short BLIP and the display to change to "OFF"
Release the buttons.
CHP (Chirp Interval)
This is the frequency of the chirp while the audible alarm is Silenced. This parameter can be set from 0 to 120 seconds. Zero disables the chirp entirely.
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OFF (Offset)
This is a software Offset that allows the user to correct the temperature display. See the “Probe Calibration: Software Offset” section.
dEF (Definition)
Defines ºC/ºF and whole/tenth display. Def Value T'140 Setting
0 tenth ºC 1 whole ºC 2 tenth ºF 3 whole ºF
Not all settings are applicable to all options. (I-out, thermocouples)
SA (Switch Alarm)
The unit is able to monitor a door or another Open/Closed Switch input. Set this parameter to activate this alarm.
Switch Alarm:
-1 Alarm on Closed input 0 Do not alarm 1 Alarm on Open input
See the “Switch Alarm Operation” section.
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Quick List of Button Functions
While in Run mode:
Press:
To:
HI
Display high temperature alarm point
LO
Display low temperature alarm point
MUTE + LO
Display software version number
HOLD HI & TAP LO
Display the Highest Temperature reached since power up or manual Highest/Lowest Reset
HOLD LO & TAP HI
Display the Lowest Temperature reached since power up or manual Highest/Lowest Reset
HOLD HI + LO & TAP MUTE
Display if switch input is open (“OP ”) or closed (“CL”).
MUTE
Mute alarm beeper for programmed "Silence" time.
(MUTE/) PROGRAM for 2 seconds
Bring unit into Programming mode for standard parameters
*TAP -- Press and Release
While in Programming mode
Press:
To:
HI/INCR
Increase parameter value
LO/DECR
Decrease parameter value
MUTE/PROGRAM
Advance to next parameter
LIMITED WARRANTY
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ONE-YEAR LIMITED WARRANTY
Within the 48 contiguous United States, for one year from the date of purchase, when this appliance is operated and maintained according to instructions attached to or furnished with the product, warrantor will pay for factory-specified parts and repair labor to correct defects in materials or workmanship. Service must be provided by a designated service company. Outside the 48 states, all parts are warranted for one year from manufacturing defects. Plastic parts, shelves and cabinets are warranted to be manufactured to commercially acceptable standards and are not covered from damage during handling or breakage.
ITEMS WARRANTOR WILL NOT PAY FOR:
1. Service calls to correct the installation of your appliance, to instruct you how to use your appliance, to replace or repair fuses or to correct wiring or plumbing.
2. Service calls to repair or replace appliance light bulbs or broken shelves. Consumable parts (such as filters) are excluded from warranty coverage.
3. Damage resulting from accident, alteration, misuse, abuse, fire, flood, acts of God, improper installation, installation not in accordance with electrical or plumbing codes, or use of products not approved by warrantor.
4. Replacement parts or repair labor costs for units operated outside the United States.
5. Repairs to parts or systems resulting from unauthorized modifications made to the appliance.
6. The removal and reinstallation of your appliance if it is installed in an inaccessible location or is not installed in accordance with published installation instructions.
DISCLAIMER OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES – LIMITATION OF REMEDIES
CUSTOMER'S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY UNDER THIS LIMITED WARRANTY SHALL BE PRODUCT REPAIR AS PROVIDED HEREIN. IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, ARE LIMITED TO ONE YEAR. WARRANTOR SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES. SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, OR LIMITATIONS ON THE DURATION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS, SO THESE EXCLUSIONS OR LIMITATIONS MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. THIS WARRANTY GIVES YOU SPECIFIC LEGAL RIGHTS AND YOU MAY ALSO HAVE OTHER RIGHTS, WHICH VARY
FROM STATE TO STATE.
Accucold Division of Felix Storch, Inc. An ISO 9001:2015 registered company
770 Garrison Avenue
Bronx, NY 10474
www.accucold.com
For parts and accessory ordering,
troubleshooting, and helpful hints, visit:
www.accucold.com/support
WARNING: This product can expose you to chemicals including Nickel (Metallic) which is known to the State of California to cause cancer.
For more information go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov
Note: Nickel is a component in all stainless steel and some other metallic compositions.
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