ZyXEL NBG420N User Manual

PART VI

Appendices and

Index

Product Specifications and Wall-Mounting Instructions (273)

Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions (279)

IP Addresses and Subnetting (285)

Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address (293)

Wireless LANs (309)

Services (321)

Legal Information (325)

Customer Support (329)

Index (335)

271

272

A

Product Specifications and Wall-

Mounting Instructions

The following tables summarize the NBG420N’s hardware and firmware features.

Table 113 Hardware Features

Dimensions (W x D x H)	115 x 162 x 33 mm
Weight	250g
Power Specification	Input: 120~240 AC, 50~60 Hz
	Output: 12 V AC 1 A
Ethernet ports	Auto-negotiating: 10 Mbps or 100 Mbps in either half-duplex or full-duplex
	mode.
	Auto-crossover: Use either crossover or straight-through Ethernet cables.
4-5 Port Switch	A combination of switch and router makes your NBG420N a cost-effective
	and viable network solution. You can add up to four computers to the
	NBG420N without the cost of a hub when connecting to the Internet through
	the WAN port. You can add up to five computers to the NBG420N when you
	connect to the Internet in AP mode. Add more than four computers to your
	LAN by using a hub.
LEDs	PWR, LAN1-4, WAN, WLAN, WPS
Reset Button	The reset button is built into the rear panel. Use this button to restore the
	NBG420N to its factory default settings. Press for 1 second to restart the
	device. Press for 5 seconds to restore to factory default settings.
WPS button	Press the WPS on two WPS enabled devices within 120 seconds for a
	security-enabled wireless connection.
Antenna	The NBG420N is equipped with two 2dBi (2.4GHz) detachable antennas to
	provide clear radio transmission and reception on the wireless network.
Operation Environment	Temperature: 0º C ~ 40º C
	Humidity: 20% ~ 95% RH (Non-condensing)
Storage Environment	Temperature: -20º C ~ 60º C
	Humidity: 20% ~ 95% RH (Non-condensing)
Distance between the	120 mm
centers of the holes on
the device’s back.
Screw size for wall-	M4 Tap Screw
mounting

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Table 114 Firmware Features

FEATURE	DESCRIPTION
Default IP Address	192.168.1.1
Default Subnet Mask	255.255.255.0 (24 bits)
Default Password	1234
DHCP Pool	192.168.1.33 to 192.168.1.64
Wireless Interface	Wireless LAN
Default Wireless SSID	Wireless LAN: ZyXEL
	Wireless LAN when WPS enabled: ZyXEL WPS
Default Wireless IP Address	Wireless LAN: Same as LAN (192.168.1.1)
Default Wireless Subnet	Wireless LAN: Same as LAN (255.255.255.0)
Mask
Default Wireless DHCP	Wireless LAN: Same as LAN (32 from 192.168.1.33 to 192.168.1.64)
Pool Size
Device Management	Use the web configurator to easily configure the rich range of features on
	the NBG420N.
Wireless Functionality	Allows IEEE 802.11b and/or IEEE 802.11g and/or IEEE 802.11n wireless
	clients to connect to the NBG420N wirelessly. Enable wireless security
	(WEP, WPA(2), WPA(2)-PSK) and/or MAC filtering to protect your
	wireless network.

	Note: The NBG420N may be prone to RF (Radio
	Frequency) interference from other 2.4 GHz devices
	such as microwave ovens, wireless phones,
	Bluetooth enabled devices, and other wireless LANs.
Firmware Upgrade	Download new firmware (when available) from the ZyXEL web site and
	use the web configurator, an FTP or a TFTP tool to put it on the
	NBG420N.
	Note: Only upload firmware for your specific model!
Configuration Backup &	Make a copy of the NBG420N’s configuration and put it back on the
Restoration	NBG420N later if you decide you want to revert back to an earlier
	configuration.
Network Address	Each computer on your network must have its own unique IP address.
Translation (NAT)	Use NAT to convert a single public IP address to multiple private IP
	addresses for the computers on your network.
Firewall	You can configure firewall on the NBG420N for secure Internet access.
	When the firewall is on, by default, all incoming traffic from the Internet to
	your network is blocked unless it is initiated from your network. This
	means that probes from the outside to your network are not allowed, but
	you can safely browse the Internet and download files for example.
Content Filter	The NBG420N blocks or allows access to web sites that you specify and
	blocks access to web sites with URLs that contain keywords that you
	specify. You can define time periods and days during which content
	filtering is enabled. You can also include or exclude particular computers
	on your network from content filtering.
	You can also subscribe to category-based content filtering that allows
	your NBG420N to check web sites against an external database.

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	Table 114 Firmware Features
	FEATURE	DESCRIPTION
	IPSec VPN	This allows you to establish a secure Virtual Private Network (VPN)
		tunnel to connect with business partners and branch offices using data
		encryption and the Internet without the expense of leased site-to-site
		lines. The NBG420N VPN is based on the IPSec standard and is fully
		interoperable with other IPSec-based VPN products.
	Bandwidth Management	You can efficiently manage traffic on your network by reserving
		bandwidth and giving priority to certain types of traffic and/or to particular
		computers.
	Wireless LAN Scheduler	You can schedule the times the Wireless LAN is enabled/disabled.
	Time and Date	Get the current time and date from an external server when you turn on
		your NBG420N. You can also set the time manually. These dates and
		times are then used in logs.
	Port Forwarding	If you have a server (mail or web server for example) on your network,
		then use this feature to let people access it from the Internet.
	DHCP (Dynamic Host	Use this feature to have the NBG420N assign IP addresses, an IP
	Configuration Protocol)	default gateway and DNS servers to computers on your network.
	Dynamic DNS Support	With Dynamic DNS (Domain Name System) support, you can use a
		fixed URL, www.zyxel.com for example, with a dynamic IP address. You
		must register for this service with a Dynamic DNS service provider.
	IP Multicast	IP Multicast is used to send traffic to a specific group of computers. The
		NBG420N supports versions 1 and 2 of IGMP (Internet Group
		Management Protocol) used to join multicast groups (see RFC 2236).
	IP Alias	IP Alias allows you to subdivide a physical network into logical networks
		over the same Ethernet interface with the NBG420N itself as the
		gateway for each subnet.
	Logging and Tracing	Use packet tracing and logs for troubleshooting. You can send logs from
		the NBG420N to an external syslog server.
	PPPoE	PPPoE mimics a dial-up Internet access connection.
	PPTP Encapsulation	Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) enables secure transfer of
		data through a Virtual Private Network (VPN). The NBG420N supports
		one PPTP connection at a time.
	Universal Plug and Play	The NBG420N can communicate with other UPnP enabled devices in a
	(UPnP)	network.

Table 115 Feature Specifications

FEATURE	SPECIFICATION
Number of Static Routes	7
Number of Port Forwarding Rules	12
Number of NAT Sessions	2048
Number of Address Mapping Rules	10
Number of VPN Tunnels	2
Number of Bandwidth Management	3
Classes
Number of DNS Name Server Record	3
Entries

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The following list, which is not exhaustive, illustrates the standards supported in the NBG420N.

Table 116 Standards Supported

STANDARD	DESCRIPTION
RFC 867	Daytime Protocol
RFC 868	Time Protocol.
RFC 1058	RIP-1 (Routing Information Protocol)
RFC 1112	IGMP v1
RFC 1305	Network Time Protocol (NTP version 3)
RFC 1631	IP Network Address Translator (NAT)
RFC 1723	RIP-2 (Routing Information Protocol)
RFC 2236	Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2.
RFC 2516	A Method for Transmitting PPP Over Ethernet (PPPoE)
RFC 2766	Network Address Translation - Protocol
IEEE 802.11	Also known by the brand Wi-Fi, denotes a set of Wireless LAN/WLAN
	standards developed by working group 11 of the IEEE LAN/MAN
	Standards Committee (IEEE 802).
IEEE 802.11b	Uses the 2.4 gigahertz (GHz) band
IEEE 802.11g	Uses the 2.4 gigahertz (GHz) band
IEEE 802.11n
IEEE 802.11d	Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks: Media Access
	Control (MAC) Bridges
IEEE 802.11x	Port Based Network Access Control.
IEEE 802.11e QoS	IEEE 802.11 e Wireless LAN for Quality of Service
Microsoft PPTP	MS PPTP (Microsoft's implementation of Point to Point Tunneling
	Protocol)
MBM v2	Media Bandwidth Management v2

Wall-mounting Instructions

Do the following to hang your NBG420N on a wall.

"See the Figure 167 on page 278 for the size of screws to use and how far apart to place them.

1 Locate a high position on a wall that is free of obstructions. Use a sturdy wall.

2Drill two holes for the screws. Make sure the distance between the centers of the holes matches what is listed in the product specifications appendix.

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Be careful to avoid damaging pipes or cables located inside the wall when drilling holes for the screws.

3Do not screw the screws all the way into the wall. Leave a small gap of about 0.5 cm between the heads of the screws and the wall.

4Make sure the screws are snugly fastened to the wall. They need to hold the weight of the NBG420N with the connection cables.

5Align the holes on the back of the NBG420N with the screws on the wall. Hang the NBG420N on the screws.

Figure 166 Wall-mounting Example

The following are dimensions of an M4 tap screw and masonry plug used for wall mounting. All measurements are in millimeters (mm).

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Figure 167 Masonry Plug and M4 Tap Screw

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B

Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts

and Java Permissions

In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:

•Web browser pop-up windows from your device.

•JavaScripts (enabled by default).

•Java permissions (enabled by default).

"Internet Explorer 6 screens are used here. Screens for other Internet Explorer versions may vary.

Internet Explorer Pop-up Blockers

You may have to disable pop-up blocking to log into your device.

Either disable pop-up blocking (enabled by default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2) or allow pop-up blocking and create an exception for your device’s IP address.

Disable pop-up Blockers

1In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Pop-up Blocker and then select Turn Off Pop-up Blocker.

Figure 168 Pop-up Blocker

You can also check if pop-up blocking is disabled in the Pop-up Blocker section in the

Privacy tab.

1 In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options, Privacy.

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2Clear the Block pop-ups check box in the Pop-up Blocker section of the screen. This disables any web pop-up blockers you may have enabled.

Figure 169 Internet Options: Privacy

3 Click Apply to save this setting.

Enable pop-up Blockers with Exceptions

Alternatively, if you only want to allow pop-up windows from your device, see the following steps.

1 In Internet Explorer, select Tools, Internet Options and then the Privacy tab.

2 Select Settings…to open the Pop-up Blocker Settings screen.

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Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions

Figure 170 Internet Options: Privacy

3Type the IP address of your device (the web page that you do not want to have blocked) with the prefix “http://”. For example, http://192.168.167.1.

4 Click Add to move the IP address to the list of Allowed sites.

Figure 171 Pop-up Blocker Settings

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5 Click Close to return to the Privacy screen.

6 Click Apply to save this setting.

JavaScripts

If pages of the web configurator do not display properly in Internet Explorer, check that JavaScripts are allowed.

1 In Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab.

Figure 172 Internet Options: Security

2 Click the Custom Level... button.

3 Scroll down to Scripting.

4 Under Active scripting make sure that Enable is selected (the default).

5 Under Scripting of Java applets make sure that Enable is selected (the default). 6 Click OK to close the window.

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Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions

Figure 173 Security Settings - Java Scripting

Java Permissions

1 From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Security tab. 2 Click the Custom Level... button.

3 Scroll down to Microsoft VM.

4 Under Java permissions make sure that a safety level is selected. 5 Click OK to close the window.

Figure 174 Security Settings - Java

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Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions

JAVA (Sun)

1 From Internet Explorer, click Tools, Internet Options and then the Advanced tab. 2 Make sure that Use Java 2 for <applet> under Java (Sun) is selected.

3 Click OK to close the window.

Figure 175 Java (Sun)

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C

IP Addresses and Subnetting

This appendix introduces IP addresses and subnet masks.

IP addresses identify individual devices on a network. Every networking device (including computers, servers, routers, printers, etc.) needs an IP address to communicate across the network. These networking devices are also known as hosts.

Subnet masks determine the maximum number of possible hosts on a network. You can also use subnet masks to divide one network into multiple sub-networks.

Introduction to IP Addresses

One part of the IP address is the network number, and the other part is the host ID. In the same way that houses on a street share a common street name, the hosts on a network share a common network number. Similarly, as each house has its own house number, each host on the network has its own unique identifying number - the host ID. Routers use the network number to send packets to the correct network, while the host ID determines to which host on the network the packets are delivered.

Structure

An IP address is made up of four parts, written in dotted decimal notation (for example, 192.168.1.1). Each of these four parts is known as an octet. An octet is an eight-digit binary number (for example 11000000, which is 192 in decimal notation).

Therefore, each octet has a possible range of 00000000 to 11111111 in binary, or 0 to 255 in decimal.

The following figure shows an example IP address in which the first three octets (192.168.1) are the network number, and the fourth octet (16) is the host ID.

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Figure 176 Network Number and Host ID

How much of the IP address is the network number and how much is the host ID varies according to the subnet mask.

Subnet Masks

A subnet mask is used to determine which bits are part of the network number, and which bits are part of the host ID (using a logical AND operation). The term “subnet” is short for “subnetwork”.

A subnet mask has 32 bits. If a bit in the subnet mask is a “1” then the corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the network number. If a bit in the subnet mask is “0” then the corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the host ID.

The following example shows a subnet mask identifying the network number (in bold text) and host ID of an IP address (192.168.1.2 in decimal).

Table 117 Subnet Mask - Identifying Network Number

	1ST OCTET:	2ND	3RD	4TH OCTET
	(192)	OCTET:	OCTET:	(2)
		(168)	(1)
IP Address (Binary)	11000000	10101000	00000001	00000010
Subnet Mask (Binary)	11111111	11111111	11111111	00000000
Network Number	11000000	10101000	00000001
Host ID				00000010

By convention, subnet masks always consist of a continuous sequence of ones beginning from the leftmost bit of the mask, followed by a continuous sequence of zeros, for a total number of 32 bits.

Subnet masks can be referred to by the size of the network number part (the bits with a “1” value). For example, an “8-bit mask” means that the first 8 bits of the mask are ones and the remaining 24 bits are zeroes.

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Subnet masks are expressed in dotted decimal notation just like IP addresses. The following examples show the binary and decimal notation for 8-bit, 16-bit, 24-bit and 29-bit subnet masks.

Table 118	Subnet Masks
		BINARY
		1ST	2ND	3RD	4TH OCTET	DECIMAL
		OCTET	OCTET	OCTET
8-bit mask		11111111	00000000	00000000	00000000	255.0.0.0
16-bit mask		11111111	11111111	00000000	00000000	255.255.0.0
24-bit mask		11111111	11111111	11111111	00000000	255.255.255.0
29-bit mask		11111111	11111111	11111111	11111000	255.255.255.248

Network Size

The size of the network number determines the maximum number of possible hosts you can have on your network. The larger the number of network number bits, the smaller the number of remaining host ID bits.

An IP address with host IDs of all zeros is the IP address of the network (192.168.1.0 with a 24-bit subnet mask, for example). An IP address with host IDs of all ones is the broadcast address for that network (192.168.1.255 with a 24-bit subnet mask, for example).

As these two IP addresses cannot be used for individual hosts, calculate the maximum number of possible hosts in a network as follows:

Table 119 Maximum Host Numbers

SUBNET MASK		HOST ID SIZE		MAXIMUM NUMBER OF HOSTS
8 bits	255.0.0.0	24 bits	224 – 2	16777214
16 bits	255.255.0.0	16 bits	216 – 2	65534
24 bits	255.255.255.0	8 bits	28 – 2	254
29 bits	255.255.255.248	3 bits	23 – 2	6

Notation

Since the mask is always a continuous number of ones beginning from the left, followed by a continuous number of zeros for the remainder of the 32 bit mask, you can simply specify the number of ones instead of writing the value of each octet. This is usually specified by writing a “/” followed by the number of bits in the mask after the address.

For example, 192.1.1.0 /25 is equivalent to saying 192.1.1.0 with subnet mask 255.255.255.128.

The following table shows some possible subnet masks using both notations.

Table 120 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation

	SUBNET MASK	ALTERNATIVE	LAST OCTET	LAST OCTET
		NOTATION	(BINARY)	(DECIMAL)
	255.255.255.0	/24	0000 0000	0
	255.255.255.128	/25	1000 0000	128

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Table 120 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation (continued)

	SUBNET MASK	ALTERNATIVE	LAST OCTET	LAST OCTET
		NOTATION	(BINARY)	(DECIMAL)
	255.255.255.192	/26	1100 0000	192
	255.255.255.224	/27	1110 0000	224
	255.255.255.240	/28	1111 0000	240
	255.255.255.248	/29	1111 1000	248
	255.255.255.252	/30	1111 1100	252

Subnetting

You can use subnetting to divide one network into multiple sub-networks. In the following example a network administrator creates two sub-networks to isolate a group of servers from the rest of the company network for security reasons.

In this example, the company network address is 192.168.1.0. The first three octets of the address (192.168.1) are the network number, and the remaining octet is the host ID, allowing a maximum of 28 – 2 or 254 possible hosts.

The following figure shows the company network before subnetting.

Figure 177 Subnetting Example: Before Subnetting

You can “borrow” one of the host ID bits to divide the network 192.168.1.0 into two separate sub-networks. The subnet mask is now 25 bits (255.255.255.128 or /25).

The “borrowed” host ID bit can have a value of either 0 or 1, allowing two subnets; 192.168.1.0 /25 and 192.168.1.128 /25.

The following figure shows the company network after subnetting. There are now two subnetworks, A and B.

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Figure 178 Subnetting Example: After Subnetting

In a 25-bit subnet the host ID has 7 bits, so each sub-network has a maximum of 27 – 2 or 126 possible hosts (a host ID of all zeroes is the subnet’s address itself, all ones is the subnet’s broadcast address).

192.168.1.0 with mask 255.255.255.128 is subnet A itself, and 192.168.1.127 with mask 255.255.255.128 is its broadcast address. Therefore, the lowest IP address that can be assigned to an actual host for subnet A is 192.168.1.1 and the highest is 192.168.1.126.

Similarly, the host ID range for subnet B is 192.168.1.129 to 192.168.1.254.

Example: Four Subnets

The previous example illustrated using a 25-bit subnet mask to divide a 24-bit address into two subnets. Similarly, to divide a 24-bit address into four subnets, you need to “borrow” two host ID bits to give four possible combinations (00, 01, 10 and 11). The subnet mask is 26 bits (11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000) or 255.255.255.192.

Each subnet contains 6 host ID bits, giving 26 - 2 or 62 hosts for each subnet (a host ID of all zeroes is the subnet itself, all ones is the subnet’s broadcast address).

Table 121 Subnet 1

	IP/SUBNET MASK	NETWORK NUMBER	LAST OCTET BIT
			VALUE
	IP Address (Decimal)	192.168.1.	0
	IP Address (Binary)	11000000.10101000.00000001.	00000000
	Subnet Mask (Binary)	11111111.11111111.11111111.	11000000
	Subnet Address:	Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.1
	192.168.1.0
	Broadcast Address:	Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.62
	192.168.1.63

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Table 122 Subnet 2

	IP/SUBNET MASK	NETWORK NUMBER	LAST OCTET BIT
			VALUE
	IP Address	192.168.1.	64
	IP Address (Binary)	11000000.10101000.00000001.	01000000
	Subnet Mask (Binary)	11111111.11111111.11111111.	11000000
	Subnet Address:	Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.65
	192.168.1.64
	Broadcast Address:	Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.126
	192.168.1.127

Table 123 Subnet 3

	IP/SUBNET MASK	NETWORK NUMBER	LAST OCTET BIT
			VALUE
	IP Address	192.168.1.	128
	IP Address (Binary)	11000000.10101000.00000001.	10000000
	Subnet Mask (Binary)	11111111.11111111.11111111.	11000000
	Subnet Address:	Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.129
	192.168.1.128
	Broadcast Address:	Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.190
	192.168.1.191

Table 124 Subnet 4

	IP/SUBNET MASK	NETWORK NUMBER	LAST OCTET BIT
			VALUE
	IP Address	192.168.1.	192
	IP Address (Binary)	11000000.10101000.00000001.	11000000
	Subnet Mask (Binary)	11111111.11111111.11111111.	11000000
	Subnet Address:	Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.193
	192.168.1.192
	Broadcast Address:	Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.254
	192.168.1.255

Example: Eight Subnets

Similarly, use a 27-bit mask to create eight subnets (000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110 and 111).

The following table shows IP address last octet values for each subnet.

Table 125	Eight Subnets
SUBNET		SUBNET	FIRST ADDRESS	LAST	BROADCAST
		ADDRESS		ADDRESS	ADDRESS
1		0	1	30	31
2		32	33	62	63
3		64	65	94	95
4		96	97	126	127

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Table 125 Eight Subnets (continued)

	SUBNET	SUBNET	FIRST ADDRESS	LAST	BROADCAST
		ADDRESS		ADDRESS	ADDRESS
	5	128	129	158	159
	6	160	161	190	191
	7	192	193	222	223
	8	224	225	254	255

Subnet Planning

The following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 24-bit network number.

Table 126 24-bit Network Number Subnet Planning

	NO. “BORROWED”	SUBNET MASK	NO. SUBNETS	NO. HOSTS PER
	HOST BITS			SUBNET
	1	255.255.255.128 (/25)	2	126
	2	255.255.255.192 (/26)	4	62
	3	255.255.255.224 (/27)	8	30
	4	255.255.255.240 (/28)	16	14
	5	255.255.255.248 (/29)	32	6
	6	255.255.255.252 (/30)	64	2
	7	255.255.255.254 (/31)	128	1

The following table is a summary for subnet planning on a network with a 16-bit network number.

Table 127 16-bit Network Number Subnet Planning

	NO. “BORROWED”	SUBNET MASK	NO. SUBNETS	NO. HOSTS PER
	HOST BITS			SUBNET
	1	255.255.128.0 (/17)	2	32766
	2	255.255.192.0 (/18)	4	16382
	3	255.255.224.0 (/19)	8	8190
	4	255.255.240.0 (/20)	16	4094
	5	255.255.248.0 (/21)	32	2046
	6	255.255.252.0 (/22)	64	1022
	7	255.255.254.0 (/23)	128	510
	8	255.255.255.0 (/24)	256	254
	9	255.255.255.128 (/25)	512	126
	10	255.255.255.192 (/26)	1024	62
	11	255.255.255.224 (/27)	2048	30
	12	255.255.255.240 (/28)	4096	14
	13	255.255.255.248 (/29)	8192	6

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