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17

Network Address Translation (NAT)

17.1 Overview

NAT (Network Address Translation - NAT, RFC 1631) is the translation of the IP address of a host in a packet. For example, the source address of an outgoing packet, used within one network is changed to a different IP address known within another network.

Each packet has two addresses – a source address and a destination address. For outgoing packets, NAT maps private (local) IP addresses to globally unique ones required for communication with hosts on other networks. It replaces the original IP source address in each packet and then forwards it to the Internet. The Router keeps track of the original addresses and port numbers so incoming reply packets can have their original values restored. The following figure illustrates this.

Figure 99 NAT Example

For more information on IP address translation, refer to RFC 1631, The IP Network Address Translator (NAT).

17.2What You Can Do

•Use the General screen (Section 17.3 on page 142) to enable NAT and set a default server.

•Use the Application screen (Section 17.4 on page 142) o forward incoming service requests to the server(s) on your local network.

•Use the Advanced screen (Section 17.5 on page 144) to change your Router’s trigger port settings.

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17.3 General NAT Screen

Use this screen to enable NAT and set a default server. Click Network > NAT > General to open the following screen.

Figure 100 Network > NAT > General

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 62 Network > NAT > General

LABEL	DESCRIPTION
NAT Setup
Enable Network	Network Address Translation (NAT) allows the translation of an Internet protocol address
Address	used within one network (for example a private IP address used in a local network) to a
Translation	different IP address known within another network (for example a public IP address used on
	the Internet).
	Select the check box to enable NAT.

Default Server Setup

Server IP	In addition to the servers for specified services, NAT supports a default server. A default
Address	server receives packets from ports that are not specified in the Application screen.
	If you do not assign a Default Server IP address, the Router discards all packets received
	for ports that are not specified in the Application screen or remote management.
Apply	Click Apply to save your changes back to the Router.
Reset	Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.

17.4 NAT Application Screen

Use the Application screen to forward incoming service requests to the server(s) on your local network. You may enter a single port number or a range of port numbers to be forwarded, and the local IP address of the desired server. The port number identifies a service; for example, web service is on port 80 and FTP on port 21. In some cases, such as for unknown services or where one server can support more than one service (for example both FTP and web service), it might be better to specify a range of port numbers.

In addition to the servers for specified services, NAT supports a default server. A service request that does not have a server explicitly designated for it is forwarded to the default server. If the default is not defined, the service request is simply discarded.

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Note: Many residential broadband ISP accounts do not allow you to run any server processes (such as a Web or FTP server) from your location. Your ISP may periodically check for servers and may suspend your account if it discovers any active services at your location. If you are unsure, refer to your ISP.

Port forwarding allows you to define the local servers to which the incoming services will be forwarded. To change your Router’s port forwarding settings, click Network > NAT > Application. The screen appears as shown.

Note: If you do not assign a Default Server IP address in the NAT > General screen, the Router discards all packets received for ports that are not specified in this screen or remote management.

Refer to Appendix E on page 263 for port numbers commonly used for particular services.

Figure 101 Network > NAT > Application

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 63 Network > NAT > Application

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Add Application Rule

Active	Select the check box to enable this rule and the requested service can be forwarded to the
	host with a specified internal IP address.
	Clear the checkbox to disallow forwarding of these ports to an inside server without having
	to delete the entry.
Service Name	Type a name (of up to 31 printable characters) to identify this rule in the first field next to
	Service Name. Otherwise, select a predefined service in the second field next to Service
	Name. The predefined service name and port number(s) will display in the Service Name
	and Port fields.
Port	Type a port number(s) to define the service to be forwarded to the specified server.
	To specify a range of ports, enter a hyphen (-) between the first port and the last port, such
	as 10-20.
	To specify two or more non-consecutive port numbers, separate them by a comma without
	spaces, such as 123,567.
Server IP	Type the IP address of the server on your LAN that receives packets from the port(s)
Address	specified in the Port field.

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Table 63 Network > NAT > Application (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Application Rules Summary

#This is the number of an individual port forwarding server entry.

Active	This icon is turned on when the rule is enabled.
Name	This field displays a name to identify this rule.
Port	This field displays the port number(s).
Server IP	This field displays the inside IP address of the server.
Address
Modify	Click the Edit icon to display and modify an existing rule setting in the fields under Add
	Application Rule.
	Click the Remove icon to delete a rule.
Apply	Click Apply to save your changes back to the Router.
Reset	Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.

17.5 NAT Advanced Screen

Some services use a dedicated range of ports on the client side and a dedicated range of ports on the server side. With regular port forwarding you set a forwarding port in NAT to forward a service (coming in from the server on the WAN) to the IP address of a computer on the client side (LAN). The problem is that port forwarding only forwards a service to a single LAN IP address. In order to use the same service on a different LAN computer, you have to manually replace the LAN computer's IP address in the forwarding port with another LAN computer's IP address.

Trigger port forwarding solves this problem by allowing computers on the LAN to dynamically take turns using the service. The Router records the IP address of a LAN computer that sends traffic to the WAN to request a service with a specific port number and protocol (a "trigger" port). When the Router's WAN port receives a response with a specific port number and protocol ("incoming" port), the Router forwards the traffic to the LAN IP address of the computer that sent the request. After that computer’s connection for that service closes, another computer on the LAN can use the service in the same manner. This way you do not need to configure a new IP address each time you want a different LAN computer to use the application.

To change your Router’s trigger port settings, click Network > NAT > Advanced. The screen appears as shown.

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Note: Only one LAN computer can use a trigger port (range) at a time.

Figure 102 Network > NAT > Advanced

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 64 Network > NAT > Advanced

LABEL DESCRIPTION

#This is the rule index number (read-only).

Name	Type a unique name (up to 15 characters) for identification purposes. All characters are
	permitted - including spaces.
Incoming	Incoming is a port (or a range of ports) that a server on the WAN uses when it sends out a
	particular service. The Router forwards the traffic with this port (or range of ports) to the
	client computer on the LAN that requested the service.
Start Port	Type a port number or the starting port number in a range of port numbers.
End Port	Type a port number or the ending port number in a range of port numbers.
Trigger	The trigger port is a port (or a range of ports) that causes (or triggers) the Router to record
	the IP address of the LAN computer that sent the traffic to a server on the WAN.
Start Port	Type a port number or the starting port number in a range of port numbers.
End Port	Type a port number or the ending port number in a range of port numbers.
Apply	Click Apply to save your changes back to the Router.
Reset	Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.

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17.5.1 Trigger Port Forwarding Example

The following is an example of trigger port forwarding.

Figure 103 Trigger Port Forwarding Process: Example

Router

Router

1Jane requests a file from the Real Audio server (port 7070).

2Port 7070 is a “trigger” port and causes the Router to record Jane’s computer IP address. The Router associates Jane's computer IP address with the "incoming" port range of 6970-7170.

3The Real Audio server responds using a port number ranging between 6970-7170.

4The Router forwards the traffic to Jane’s computer IP address.

5Only Jane can connect to the Real Audio server until the connection is closed or times out. The Router times out in three minutes with UDP (User Datagram Protocol), or two hours with TCP/IP (Transfer Control Protocol/Internet Protocol).

17.5.2Two Points To Remember About Trigger Ports

1Trigger events only happen on data that is going coming from inside the Router and going to the outside.

If an application needs a continuous data stream, that port (range) will be tied up so that another computer on the LAN can’t trigger it.

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18

Dynamic DNS

18.1 Overview

Dynamic DNS (DDNS) services let you use a domain name with a dynamic IP address.

18.2 What You Can Do

Use the Dynamic DNS screen (Section 18.4 on page 147) to enable DDNS and configure the DDNS settings on the Router.

18.3 What You Need To Know

Dynamic DNS allows you to update your current dynamic IP address with one or many dynamic DNS services so that anyone can contact you (in NetMeeting, CU-SeeMe, etc.). You can also access your FTP server or Web site on your own computer using a domain name (for instance myhost.dhs.org, where myhost is a name of your choice) that will never change instead of using an IP address that changes each time you reconnect. Your friends or relatives will always be able to call you even if they don't know your IP address.

18.4 Dynamic DNS Screen

To change your Router’s DDNS, click Network > DDNS. The screen appears as shown.

Figure 104 Network > DDNS

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The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 65 Network > DDNS

LABEL	DESCRIPTION
Enable	Select this check box to use dynamic DNS.
Dynamic DNS
Service	Select the name of your Dynamic DNS service provider.
Provider
Host Name	Enter a host names in the field provided. You can specify up to two host names in the field
	separated by a comma (",").
User Name	Enter your user name.
Password	Enter the password assigned to you.
Apply	Click Apply to save your changes back to the Router.
Reset	Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.

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Static Route

19.1 Overview

This chapter shows you how to configure static routes for your Router.

Each remote node specifies only the network to which the gateway is directly connected, and the Router has no knowledge of the networks beyond. For instance, the Router knows about network N2 in the following figure through remote node Router 1. However, the Router is unable to route a packet to network N3 because it doesn't know that there is a route through the same remote node Router 1 (via gateway Router 2). The static routes are for you to tell the Router about the networks beyond the remote nodes.

Figure 105 Example of Static Routing Topology

19.2 What You Can Do

Use the IP Static Route screen (Section 19.3 on page 150) to view, add and delete routes.

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19.3 IP Static Route Screen

Click Network > Static Route to open the IP Static Route screen.

Figure 106 Network > Static Route

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 66 Network > Static Route

LABEL	DESCRIPTION
Static Routing Settings
Route Name	Enter a the name that describes or identifies this route.
Destination IP	Enter the IP network address of the final destination.
Address
IP Subnet	This is the subnet to which the route’s final destination belongs.
Netmask
Gateway IP	Enter the the IP address of the gateway.
Address
Metric	Assign a number to identify the route.
Add Rule	Click this to add the IP static route.
Application Rules Summary
No.	This is the number of an individual static route.
Active	The rules are always on and this is indicated by the icon.
Name	This is the name that describes or identifies this route.
Destination	This parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination. Routing is
	always based on network number.
Gateway	This is the IP address of the gateway. The gateway is a router or switch on the
	same network segment as the device's LAN or WAN port. The gateway helps
	forward packets to their destinations.

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	Table 66 Network > Static Route
	LABEL	DESCRIPTION
	Metric	This is the number assigned to the route.
	Delete	Click the Delete icon to remove a static route from the Router. A window displays
		asking you to confirm that you want to delete the route.

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RIP

20.1 Overview

Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is an interior or intra-domain routing protocol that uses distance-vector routing algorithms. RIP is used on the Internet and is common in the NetWare environment as a method for exchanging routing information between routers.

20.2 What You Can Do

Use the RIP screen (Section 20.3 on page 153) to enable RIPv1 or RIPv2, which are LAN broadcast protocols.

20.3 RIP Screen

Use this screen to enable RIPv1 or RIPv2, which are LAN broadcast protocols. Click Network > RIP. The screen appears as shown.

Figure 107 Network > RIP

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 67 Network > RIP

LABEL	DESCRIPTION
RIP	Select the RIPv1 or RIPv2 you want the Router to use.
	Otherwise select None.
Apply	Click Apply to save your changes back to the Router.
Reset	Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.

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21

Firewall

21.1 Overview

This chapter shows you how to enable and configure the firewall that protects your Router and your LAN from unwanted or malicious traffic.

Enable the firewall to protect your LAN computers from attacks by hackers on the Internet and control access between the LAN and WAN. By default the firewall:

•allows traffic that originates from your LAN computers to go to all of the networks.

•blocks traffic that originates on the other networks from going to the LAN.

The following figure illustrates the default firewall action. User A can initiate an IM (Instant Messaging) session from the LAN to the WAN (1). Return traffic for this session is also allowed (2). However other traffic initiated from the WAN is blocked (3 and 4).

Figure 108 Default Firewall Action

21.2What You Can Do

•Use the General (Section 21.4 on page 156) screen to enable or disable the Router’s firewall.

•Use the Services screen (Section 21.5 on page 157) screen enable service blocking, enter/ delete/modify the services you want to block and the date/time you want to block them.

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21.3 What You Need To Know

The Router’s firewall feature physically separates the LAN and the WAN and acts as a secure gateway for all data passing between the networks.

It is designed to protect against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks when activated (click the General tab under Firewall and then click the Enable Firewall check box). The Router's purpose is to allow a private Local Area Network (LAN) to be securely connected to the Internet. The Router can be used to prevent theft, destruction and modification of data, as well as log events, which may be important to the security of your network.

The Router is installed between the LAN and a broadband modem connecting to the Internet. This allows it to act as a secure gateway for all data passing between the Internet and the LAN.

The Router has one Ethernet WAN port and four Ethernet LAN ports, which are used to physically separate the network into two areas.The WAN (Wide Area Network) port attaches to the broadband (cable or DSL) modem to the Internet.

The LAN (Local Area Network) port attaches to a network of computers, which needs security from the outside world. These computers will have access to Internet services such as e-mail, FTP and the World Wide Web. However, "inbound access" is not allowed (by default) unless the remote host is authorized to use a specific service.

21.4 General Firewall Screen

Use this screen to enable or disable the Router’s firewall, and set up firewall logs. Click Security > Firewall to open the General screen.

Figure 109 Security > Firewall > General

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 68 Security > Firewall > General

LABEL	DESCRIPTION
Enable Firewall	Select this check box to activate the firewall. The Router performs access control and
	protects against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks when the firewall is activated.
Apply	Click Apply to save the settings.
Reset	Click Reset to start configuring this screen again.

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21.5 Services Screen

If an outside user attempts to probe an unsupported port on your Router, an ICMP response packet is automatically returned. This allows the outside user to know the Router exists. Use this screen to prevent the ICMP response packet from being sent. This keeps outsiders from discovering your Router when unsupported ports are probed.

You can also use this screen to enable service blocking, enter/delete/modify the services you want to block and the date/time you want to block them.

Click Security > Firewall > Services. The screen appears as shown next.

Figure 110 Security > Firewall > Services

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 69 Security > Firewall > Services

LABEL	DESCRIPTION
ICMP	Internet Control Message Protocol is a message control and error-reporting protocol
	between a host server and a gateway to the Internet. ICMP uses Internet Protocol (IP)
	datagrams, but the messages are processed by the TCP/IP software and directly apparent
	to the application user.
Respond to	The Router will not respond to any incoming Ping requests when Disable is selected. Select
Ping on	LAN to reply to incoming LAN Ping requests. Select WAN to reply to incoming WAN Ping
	requests. Otherwise select LAN & WAN to reply to all incoming LAN and WAN Ping
	requests.
Apply	Click Apply to save the settings.

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Table 69 Security > Firewall > Services (continued)

LABEL		DESCRIPTION
Enable Firewall Rule
Enable Firewall		Select this check box to activate the firewall rules that you define (see Add Firewall Rule
Rule		below)
Apply		Click Apply to save the settings.
Add Firewall Rule
Service Name		Enter a name that identifies or describes the firewall rule.
MAC Address		Enter the MAC address of the computer for which the firewall rule applies.
Dest IP Address		Enter the IP address of the computer to which traffic for the application or service is
		entering.
		The Router applies the firewall rule to traffic initiating from this computer.
Source IP		Enter the IP address of the computer that initializes traffic for the application or service.
Address		The Router applies the firewall rule to traffic initiating from this computer.
Protocol		Select the protocol (TCP, UDP, ICMP or None) used to transport the packets for which you
		want to apply the firewall rule.
Dest Port		Enter the port number/range of the destination that define the traffic type, for example TCP
Range		port 80 defines web traffic.
Source Port		Enter the port number/range of the source that define the traffic type, for example TCP port
Range		80 defines web traffic.
Add Rule		Click Add to save the firewall rule.
Firewall Rule

#This is your firewall rule number. The ordering of your rules is important as rules are applied in turn.

Service Name	This is a name that identifies or describes the firewall rule.
MAC Address	This is the MAC address of the computer for which the firewall rule applies.
Dest IP Address	This is the IP address of the computer to which traffic for the application or service is
	entering.
Source IP	This is the IP address of the computer from which traffic for the application or service is
Address	initialized.
Protocol	This is the protocol (TCP, UDP, ICMP or None) used to transport the packets for which you
	want to apply the firewall rule.
Dest Port	This is the port number/range of the destination that define the traffic type, for example
Range	TCP port 80 defines web traffic.
Source Port	This is the port number/range of the source that define the traffic type, for example TCP
Range	port 80 defines web traffic.
Action	Drop - Traffic matching the conditions of the firewall rule are stopped.
Delete	Click this to remove the firewall rule.
Reset	Click Reset to start configuring this screen again.

See Appendix E on page 263 for commonly used services and port numbers.

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22

Content Filter

22.1 Overview

This chapter provides a brief overview of content filtering using the embedded web GUI.

Internet content filtering allows you to create and enforce Internet access policies tailored to your needs. Content filtering is the ability to block certain web features or specific URL keywords.

22.2 What You Can Do

Use the Content Filter (Section 22.4 on page 160) screen to restrict web features, add keywords for blocking and designate a trusted computer.

22.3 What You Need To Know

Content filtering allows you to block certain web features, such as cookies, and/or block access to specific web sites. For example, you can configure one policy that blocks John Doe’s access to arts and entertainment web pages.

22.3.1 Content Filtering Profiles

A content filtering profile conveniently stores your custom settings for the following features.

Restrict Web Features

The Router can disable web proxies and block web features such as ActiveX controls, Java applets and cookies.

Keyword Blocking URL Checking

The Router checks the URL’s domain name (or IP address) and file path separately when performing keyword blocking.

The URL’s domain name or IP address is the characters that come before the first slash in the URL. For example, with the URL www.zyxel.com.tw/news/pressroom.php, the domain name is www.zyxel.com.tw.

The file path is the characters that come after the first slash in the URL. For example, with the URL www.zyxel.com.tw/news/pressroom.php, the file path is news/pressroom.php.

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Since the Router checks the URL’s domain name (or IP address) and file path separately, it will not find items that go across the two. For example, with the URL www.zyxel.com.tw/news/ pressroom.php, the Router would find “tw” in the domain name (www.zyxel.com.tw). It would also find “news” in the file path (news/pressroom.php) but it would not find “tw/news”.

22.4 Content Filter Screen

Use this screen to restrict web features, add keywords for blocking and designate a trusted computer.

Click Security > Content Filter to open the Content Filter screen.

Figure 111 Security > Content Filter > Content Filter

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 70 Security > Content Filter > Content Filter

LABEL	DESCRIPTION
Trusted IP	To enable this feature, type an IP address of any one of the computers in your network that
Setup	you want to have as a trusted computer. This allows the trusted computer to have full
	access to all features that are configured to be blocked by content filtering.
	Leave this field blank to have no trusted computers.
Restrict Web	Select the box(es) to restrict a feature. When you download a page containing a restricted
Features	feature, that part of the web page will appear blank or grayed out.
ActiveX	A tool for building dynamic and active Web pages and distributed object applications. When
	you visit an ActiveX Web site, ActiveX controls are downloaded to your browser, where they
	remain in case you visit the site again.
Java	A programming language and development environment for building downloadable Web
	components or Internet and intranet business applications of all kinds.

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	Table 70 Security > Content Filter > Content Filter (continued)
	LABEL	DESCRIPTION
	Cookies	Used by Web servers to track usage and provide service based on ID.
	Web Proxy	A server that acts as an intermediary between a user and the Internet to provide security,
		administrative control, and caching service. When a proxy server is located on the WAN it is
		possible for LAN users to circumvent content filtering by pointing to this proxy server.
	Enable URL	The Router can block Web sites with URLs that contain certain keywords in the domain name
	Keyword	or IP address. For example, if the keyword "bad" was enabled, all sites containing this
	Blocking	keyword in the domain name or IP address will be blocked, e.g., URL http://
		www.website.com/bad.html would be blocked. Select this check box to enable this feature.
	Keyword	Type a keyword in this field. You may use any character (up to 64 characters). Wildcards are
		not allowed. You can also enter a numerical IP address.
	Keyword List	This list displays the keywords already added.
	Add	Click Add after you have typed a keyword.
		Repeat this procedure to add other keywords. Up to 64 keywords are allowed.
		When you try to access a web page containing a keyword, you will get a message telling you
		that the content filter is blocking this request.
	Delete	Highlight a keyword in the lower box and click Delete to remove it. The keyword disappears
		from the text box after you click Apply.
	Clear All	Click this button to remove all of the listed keywords.
	Apply	Click Apply to save your changes.
	Reset	Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh

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23

Bandwidth Management

23.1 Overview

This chapter contains information about configuring bandwidth management and editing rules.

ZyXEL’s Bandwidth Management allows you to specify bandwidth management rules based on an application.

In the figure below, uplink traffic goes from the LAN device (A) to the WAN device (B). Bandwidth management is applied before sending the packets out to the WAN. Downlink traffic comes back from the WAN device (B) to the LAN device (A). Bandwidth management is applied before sending the traffic out to LAN.

Figure 112 Bandwidth Management Example

-> VOIP

-> FTP

-> HTTP

-> Chat, Email

A B

You can allocate specific amounts of bandwidth capacity (bandwidth budgets) to individual applications (like VoIP, Web, FTP, and E-mail for example).

23.2What You Can Do

•Use the General screen (Section 23.4 on page 164) to enable bandwidth management and assign bandwidth values.

•Use the Advanced screen (Section 23.5 on page 164) to configure bandwidth managements rule for the pre-defined services and applications.

•Use the Monitor screen (Section 23.6 on page 168) to view the amount of network bandwidth that applications running in the network are using.

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23.3 What You Need To Know

The sum of the bandwidth allotments that apply to the WAN interface (LAN to WAN, WLAN to WAN) must be less than or equal to the Upstream Bandwidth that you configure in the Bandwidth Management Advanced screen (Section 23.5 on page 164).

The sum of the bandwidth allotments that apply to the LAN interface (WAN to LAN, WAN to WLAN) must be less than or equal to the Downstream Bandwidth that you configure in the Bandwidth Management Advanced screen Section 23.5 on page 164.

23.4 General Screen

Use this screen to have the Router apply bandwidth management.

Click Management > Bandwidth Management to open the bandwidth management General screen.

Figure 113 Management > Bandwidth Management > General

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 71 Management > Bandwidth Management > General

	LABEL	DESCRIPTION
	Enable	This field allows you to have Router apply bandwidth management.
	Bandwidth	Enable bandwidth management to give traffic that matches a bandwidth rule priority over
	Management
		traffic that does not match a bandwidth rule.
		Enabling bandwidth management also allows you to control the maximum or minimum
		amounts of bandwidth that can be used by traffic that matches a bandwidth rule.
	Apply	Click Apply to save your customized settings.
	Reset	Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.

23.5 Advanced Screen

164

Use this screen to configure bandwidth management rules for the pre-defined services or applications.

You can also use this screen to configure bandwidth management rule for other services or applications that are not on the pre-defined list of Router. Additionally, you can define the source and destination IP addresses and port for a service or application.

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Note: The two tables shown in this screen can be configured and applied at the same time.

Click Management > Bandwidth Management > Advanced to open the bandwidth management Advanced screen.

Figure 114 Management > Bandwidth Management > Advanced

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 72 Management > Bandwidth Management > Advanced

LABEL DESCRIPTION

Management Bandwidth

Upstream	Select the total amount of bandwidth (from 64 Kilobits to 32 Megabits) that you want to
Bandwidth	dedicate to uplink traffic.
	This is traffic from LAN/WLAN to WAN.
Downstream	Select the total amount of bandwidth (from 64 Kilobits to 32 Megabits) that you want to
Bandwidth	dedicate to uplink traffic.
	This is traffic from WAN to LAN/WLAN.
Application List	Use this table to allocate specific amounts of bandwidth based on a pre-defined service.

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Table 72 Management > Bandwidth Management > Advanced (continued)

LABEL DESCRIPTION

#This is the number of an individual bandwidth management rule.

Priority	Select a priority from the drop down list box. Choose High, Mid or Low.
	• High - Select this for voice traffic or video that is especially sensitive to jitter (jitter is
	the variations in delay).
	• Mid - Select this for "excellent effort" or better than best effort and would include
	important business traffic that can tolerate some delay.
	• Low - Select this for non-critical "background" traffic such as bulk transfers that are
	allowed but that should not affect other applications and users.
Category	This is the category where a service belongs.
Service	This is the name of the service.
	Select the check box to have the Router apply this bandwidth management rule.
Advanced	Click the Edit icon to open the Rule Configuration screen where you can modify the rule.
Setting
User-defined	Use this table to allocate specific amounts of bandwidth to specific applications or services
Service	you specify.

#This is the number of an individual bandwidth management rule.

Enable	Select this check box to have the Router apply this bandwidth management rule.
Direction	Select LAN to apply bandwidth management to traffic from WAN to LAN.
	Select WAN to apply bandwidth management to traffic from LAN/WLAN to WAN.
	Select WLAN to apply bandwidth management to traffic from WAN to WLAN.
Service Name	Enter a descriptive name for the bandwidth management rule.
Category	This is the category where a service belongs.
Modify	Click the Edit icon to open the Rule Configuration screen. Modify an existing rule or
	create a new rule in the Rule Configuration screen. See Section 23.5.2 on page 167 for
	more information.
	Click the Remove icon to delete a rule.
Apply	Click Apply to save your customized settings.
Reset	Click Reset to begin configuring this screen afresh.

23.5.1 Rule Configuration: Application Rule Configuration

If you want to edit a bandwidth management rule for a pre-defined service or application, click the Edit icon in the Application List table of the Advanced screen. The following screen displays.

Figure 115 Bandwidth Management Rule Configuration: Application List

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The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 73 Bandwidth Management Rule Configuration: Application List

LABEL DESCRIPTION

#This is the number of an individual bandwidth management rule.

Enable	Select an interface’s check box to enable bandwidth management on that interface.
Direction	These read-only labels represent the physical interfaces. Bandwidth management applies to
	all traffic flowing out of the router through the interface, regardless of the traffic’s source.
	Traffic redirect or IP alias may cause LAN-to-LAN traffic to pass through the Router and be
	managed by bandwidth management.
Bandwidth	Select Maximum Bandwidth or Minimum Bandwidth and specify the maximum or
	minimum bandwidth allowed for the rule in kilobits per second.
Destination Port	This is the port number of the destination that define the traffic type, for example TCP port
	80 defines web traffic.
	See Appendix E on page 263 for some common services and port numbers.
Source Port	This is the port number of the source that define the traffic type, for example TCP port 80
	defines web traffic.
	See Appendix E on page 263 for some common services and port numbers.
Protocol	This is the protocol (TCP, UDP or user-defined) used for the service.
Apply	Click Apply to save your customized settings.
Cancel	Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.

23.5.2 Rule Configuration: User Defined Service Rule Configuration

If you want to edit a bandwidth management rule for other applications or services, click the Edit icon in the User-defined Service table of the Advanced screen. The following screen displays.

Figure 116 Bandwidth Management Rule Configuration: User-defined Service

The following table describes the labels in this screen

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Table 74 Bandwidth Management Rule Configuration: User-defined Service

LABEL	DESCRIPTION
BW Budget	Select Maximum Bandwidth or Minimum Bandwidth and specify the maximum or
	minimum bandwidth allowed for the rule in kilobits per second.
Destination	Enter the IP address of the destination computer.
Address	The Router applies bandwidth management to the service or application that is entering this
	computer.
Destination	Enter the subnet netmask of the destination of the traffic for which the bandwidth
Subnet	management rule applies.
Netmask
Destination	This is the port number of the destination that define the traffic type, for example TCP port
Port	80 defines web traffic.
Source Address	Enter the IP address of the computer that initializes traffic for the application or service.
	The Router applies bandwidth management to traffic initiating from this computer.
Source Subnet	Enter the subnet netmask of the computer initiating the traffic for which the bandwidth
Netmask	management rule applies.
Source Port	This is the port number of the source that define the traffic type, for example TCP port 80
	defines web traffic.
Protocol	Select the protocol (TCP, UDP, User defined) for which the bandwidth management rule
	applies.
	If you select User-defined, enter the protocol for which the bandwidth management rule
	applies. For example, ICMP for ping traffic.
Apply	Click Apply to save your customized settings.
Cancel	Click Cancel to exit this screen without saving.

See Appendix E on page 263 for commonly used services and port numbers.

23.6 Monitor Screen

Use this screen to view the amount of network bandwidth that applications running in the network are using.

The bandwidth is measured in kilobits per second (kbps).

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The monitor shows what kinds of applications are running in the network, the maximum kbps that each application can use, as well as the percentage of bandwidth it is using.

Figure 117 Management > Bandwidth Management > Monitor

23.6.1 Predefined Bandwidth Management Services

The following is a description of some services that you can select and to which you can apply media bandwidth management in the Management > Bandwidth Management > Advanced screen.

Table 75 Media Bandwidth Management Setup: Services

SERVICE	DESCRIPTION
FTP	File Transfer Program enables fast transfer of files, including large files that may not be
	possible by e-mail.

WWWThe World Wide Web (WWW) is an Internet system to distribute graphical, hyper-linked information, based on Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) - a client/server protocol for the World Wide Web. The Web is not synonymous with the Internet; rather, it is just one service on the Internet. Other services on the Internet include Internet Relay Chat and Newsgroups. The Web is accessed through use of a browser.

E-Mail	Electronic mail consists of messages sent through a computer network to specific groups or
	individuals. Here are some default ports for e-mail:
VoIP (SIP)	Sending voice signals over the Internet is called Voice over IP or VoIP. Session Initiated
	Protocol (SIP) is an internationally recognized standard for implementing VoIP. SIP is an
	application-layer control (signaling) protocol that handles the setting up, altering and
	tearing down of voice and multimedia sessions over the Internet.
	SIP is transported primarily over UDP but can also be transported over TCP.
BitTorrent	BitTorrent is a free P2P (peer-to-peer) sharing tool allowing you to distribute large software
	and media files. BitTorrent requires you to search for a file with a searching engine yourself.
	It distributes files by corporation and trading, that is, the client downloads the file in small
	pieces and share the pieces with other peers to get other half of the file.
Gaming	Online gaming services lets you play multiplayer games on the Internet via broadband
	technology. As of this writing, your Router supports Xbox, Playstation, Battlenet and MSN
	Game Zone.

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24

Remote Management

24.1 Overview

This chapter provides information on the Remote Management screens.

Remote Management allows you to manage your Router from a remote location through the following interfaces:

•LAN and WAN

•LAN only

•WAN only

Note: The Router is managed using the Web Configurator.

24.2 What You Can Do

Use the WWW screen (Section 24.4 on page 171) to define the interface/s from which the Router can be managed remotely and specify a secure client that can manage the Router.

24.3 What You Need to Know

Remote management over LAN or WAN will not work when:

1The IP address in the Secured Client IP Address field (Section 24.4 on page 171) does not match the client IP address. If it does not match, the Router will disconnect the session immediately.

2There is already another remote management session. You may only have one remote management session running at one time.

3There is a firewall rule that blocks it.

24.3.1Remote Management and NAT

When NAT is enabled:

•Use the Router’s WAN IP address when configuring from the WAN.

•Use the Router’s LAN IP address when configuring from the LAN.

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