XICOR X9C102PM, X9C102PI, X9C104P, X9C103SM, X9C103SI Datasheet

APPLICATION NOTES

A V A I L A B L E

AN42 • AN44–48 • AN50 • AN52 • AN53 • AN71 • AN73

TerminalX9C102/103/104/503Voltage ±5V, 100 Taps

X9C102/103/104/503

E2POT™ Nonvolatile Digital Potentiometer

FEATURES

•Compatible with X9102/103/104/503

•Low Power CMOS

—V CC = 5V

—Active Current, 3mA Max —Standby Current, 500 μA Max

•99 Resistive Elements

—Temperature Compensated

— ± 20% End to End Resistance Range

•100 Wiper Tap Points

—Wiper Positioned via Three-Wire Interface —Similar to TTL Up/Down Counter

—Wiper Position Stored in Nonvolatile Memory and Recalled on Power-Up

•100 Year Wiper Position Data Retention

•X9C102 = 1KΩ

•X9C103 = 10KΩ

•X9C503 = 50KΩ

•X9C104 = 100KΩ

DESCRIPTION

The Xicor X9C102/103/104/503 is a solid state nonvolatile potentiometer and is ideal for digitally controlled resistance trimming.

The X9C102/103/104/503 is a resistor array composed of 99 resistive elements. Between each element and at either end are tap points accessible to the wiper element. The position of the wiper element is controlled by the CS, U/D, and INC inputs. The position of the wiper can be stored in nonvolatile memory and then be recalled upon a subsequent power-up operation.

The resolution of the X9C102/103/104/503 is equal to the maximum resistance value divided by 99. As an example, for the X9C503 (50KΩ) each tap point represents 505Ω.

All Xicor nonvolatile memories are designed and tested for applications requiring extended endurance and data retention.

FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM

U/D

INC

CS

VCC

GND

E2POT™ is a trademark of Xicor, Inc.

7-BIT		99	VH
UP/DOWN
COUNTER		98
		97
7-BIT	ONE	96
NONVOLATILE
	OF
MEMORY
	ONE-
	HUNDRED	TRANSFER	RESISTOR
	DECODER	GATES	ARRAY
		2
STORE AND		1
RECALL
CONTROL
CIRCUITRY		0
			VL
			VW

3863 FHD F01

©Xicor, Inc. 1994, 1995 Patents Pending	1	Characteristics subject to change without notice
3863-2.4 9/18/96 T2/C0/D0 SH

X9C102/103/104/503

PIN DESCRIPTIONS

VH and VL

The high (VH) and low (VL) terminals of the X9C102/103/ 104/503 are equivalent to the fixed terminals of a mechanical potentiometer. The minimum voltage is –5V and the maximum is +5V. It should be noted that the terminology of VL and VH references the relative position of the terminal in relation to wiper movement direction selected by the U/D input and not the voltage potential on the terminal.

VW

VW is the wiper terminal, equivalent to the movable terminal of a mechanical potentiometer. The position of the wiper within the array is determined by the control inputs. The wiper terminal series resistance is typically 40Ω.

Up/Down (U/D)

The U/D input controls the direction of the wiper movement and whether the counter is incremented or decremented.

Increment (INC)

The INC input is negative-edge triggered. Toggling INC will move the wiper and either increment or decrement the counter in the direction indicated by the logic level on the U/D input.

Chip Select (CS)

The device is selected when the CS input is LOW. The current counter value is stored in nonvolatile memory when CS is returned HIGH while the INC input is also HIGH. After the store operation is complete the X9C102/ 103/104/503 will be placed in the low power standby mode until the device is selected once again.

PIN CONFIGURATION

						DIP/SOIC
							8
INC					1						VCC
							7
U/D					2	X9C102/					CS
	VH					103/104/503	6				VL
					3
VSS					4		5				VW
						3863 FHD F02.2

PIN NAMES

Symbol	Description
VH	High Terminal
VW	Wiper Terminal
VL	Low Terminal
VSS	Ground
VCC	Supply Voltage
U/D	Up/Down Input
INC	Increment Input
CS	Chip Select Input
NC	No Connect

3863 PGM T01

2

X9C102/103/104/503

DEVICE OPERATION

There are three sections of the X9C102/103/104/503: the input control, counter and decode section; the nonvolatile memory; and the resistor array. The input control section operates just like an up/down counter. The output of this counter is decoded to turn on a single electronic switch connecting a point on the resistor array to the wiper output. Under the proper conditions the contents of the counter can be stored in nonvolatile memory and retained for future use. The resistor array is comprised of 99 individual resistors connected in series. At either end of the array and between each resistor is an electronic switch that transfers the potential at that point to the wiper.

The INC, U/D and CS inputs control the movement of the wiper along the resistor array. With CS set LOW the X9C102/103/104/503 is selected and enabled to respond to the U/D and INC inputs. HIGH to LOW transitions on INC will increment or decrement (depending on the state of the U/D input) a seven-bit counter. The output of this counter is decoded to select one of one-hundred wiper positions along the resistive array.

The wiper, when at either fixed terminal, acts like its mechanical equivalent and does not move beyond the last position. That is, the counter does not wrap around when clocked to either extreme.

The value of the counter is stored in nonvolatile memory whenever CS transistions HIGH while the INC input is also HIGH.

When the X9C102/103/104/503 is powered-down, the last counter position stored will be maintained in the nonvolatile memory. When power is restored, the contents of the memory are recalled and the counter is reset to the value last stored.

OPERATION NOTES

The system may select the X9C102/103/104/503, move the wiper, and deselect the device without having to store the latest wiper, position in nonvolatile memory. The wiper movement is performed as described above; once the new position is reached, the system would the keep INC LOW while taking CS HIGH. The new wiper position would be maintained until changed by the system or until a power-down/up cycle recalled the previously stored data.

This would allow the system to always power-up to a preset value stored in nonvolatile memory; then during system operation minor adjustments could be made. The adjustments might be based on user preference: system parameter changes due to temperature drift, etc...

The state of U/D may be changed while CS remains LOW. This allows the host system to enable the X9C102/103/104/503 and then move the wiper up and down until the proper trim is attained.

TIW/RTOTAL

The electronic switches on the X9C102/103/104/503 operate in a “make before break” mode when the wiper changes tap positions. If the wiper is moved several positions, multiple taps are connected to the wiper for

tIW (INC to VW change). The RTOTAL value for the device can temporarily be reduced by a significant amount

if the wiper is moved several positions.

RTOTAL with VCC Removed

The end to end resistance of the array will fluctuate once VCC is removed.

SYMBOL TABLE

	WAVEFORM INPUTS								OUTPUTS
								Must be	Will be
								steady	steady
								May change	Will change
								from LOW	from LOW
								to HIGH	to HIGH
								May change	Will change
								from HIGH	from HIGH
								to LOW	to LOW
								Don’t Care:	Changing:
								Changes	State Not
								Allowed	Known
								N/A	Center Line
									is High
									Impedance

3

X9C102/103/104/503

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS*
Temperature under Bias ..................	–65°C to +135°C
Storage Temperature .......................	–65°C to +150°C
Voltage on CS, INC, U/D and VCC
with Respect to VSS ...............................	–1V to +7V
Voltage on VH and VL
Referenced to VSS .................................	–8V to +8V
V = |VH–VL|
X9C102 .............................................................	4V
X9C103, X9C503, and X9C104 ......................	10V

Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 seconds)....	+300°C
Wiper Current .....................................................	±1mA

*COMMENT

Stresses above those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and the functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those listed in the operational sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.

ANALOG CHARACTERISTICS
Electrical Characteristics
End-to-End Resistance Tolerance .....................				±20%
Power Rating at 25°C
X9C102 .......................................................				16mW
X9C103, X9C503, and X9C104 ..................				10mW
Wiper Current ............................................				±1mA Max.
Typical Wiper Resistance.........................				40Ω at 1mA
Typical Noise..........................			< –120dB/	Hz Ref: 1V
Resolution
Resistance .............................................................				1%
Linearity
Absolute Linearity(1) ........................................				±1.0 Ml(2)
Relative Linearity(3) .....................................				±0.2 Ml(2)
Test Circuit #1
		VH	TEST POINT
		VL	VW	3863 FHD F04

Temperature Coefficient
(–40°C to +85°C)	+600 ppm/°C Typical
X9C102 ......................................
X9C103, X9C503, X9C104 ........	+300 ppm/°C Typical
Ratiometric Temperature Coefficient ............		±20 ppm

Wiper Adjustability

Unlimited Wiper Adjustment (Non-Store operation)

Wiper Position Store Operations	................... 10,000
	Data Changes
Physical Characteristics
Marking Includes
Manufacturer‘s Trademark
Resistance Value or Code
Date Code
Test Circuit #2

VH

TEST POINT

VW FORCE

CURRENT

VL

3863 FHD F05

Notes: (1) Absolute Linearity is utilized to determine actual wiper voltage versus expected voltage

= (Vw(n)(actual) – Vw(n)(expected)) = ±1 Ml Maximum.

(2)1 Ml = Minimum Increment = RTOT/99.

(3)Relative Linearity is a measure of the error in step size between taps = VW(n+1) – [Vw(n) + Ml] = +0.2 Ml.

4

X9C102/103/104/503

RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS

Temperature	Min.	Max.
Commercial	0°C	+70°C
Industrial	–40°C	+85°C
Military	–55°C	+125°C

3863 PGM T03.1

Supply Voltage	Limits
X9C102/103/104/503	5V ±10%

3863 PGM T04.2

D.C. OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS (Over recommended operating conditions unless otherwise specified.)

Limits

Symbol

Parameter

Min.

Typ.(4)

Max.

Units

Test Conditions

ICC

VCC Active Current

1

3

mA

CS = VIL, U/D = VIL or VIH and

INC = 0.4V to 2.4V @ max. tCYC

ISB

Standby Supply Current

200

500

μA

CS = VCC – 0.3V, U/D and INC =

VSS or VCC – 0.3V

ILI

CS, INC, U/D Input

±10

μA

VIN = VSS to VCC

Leakage Current

VIH

CS, INC, U/D Input

2

VCC + 1

V

HIGH Voltage

VIL

CS, INC, U/D Input

–1

0.8

V

LOW Voltage

RW

Wiper Resistence

40

100

Ω

Max. Wiper Current ±1mA

VH

VH Terminal Voltage

–5

+5

V

VL

VL Terminal Voltage

–5

+5

V

C

(5)

CS, INC, U/D Input

10

pF

V

= 5V, V

IN

= V

,

IN

CC

SS

Capacitance

TA = 25°C, f = 1MHz

3863 PGM T05.3

STANDARD PARTS

Part Number

Maximum Resistance

Wiper Increments

Minimum Resistance

X9C102

1KΩ

10.1Ω

40Ω

X9C103

10KΩ

101Ω

40Ω

X9C503

50KΩ

505Ω

40Ω

X9C104

100KΩ

1010Ω

40Ω

3863 PGM T08.1

Notes:

(4)

Typical values are for TA = 25°C and nominal supply voltage.

(5)

This parameter is periodically sampled and not 100% tested.

5