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Operating and Service Guide

Keysight Trueform Series Waveform Generator

Test Equipment Depot - 800.517.8431 - 99 Washington Street Melrose, MA 02176 - TestEquipmentDepot.com

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Safety and Regulatory Information

Notices

No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form or by any means (including electronic storage and retrieval or translation into a foreign language) without prior agreement and written consent from Keysight Technologies, Inc. as governed by United States and international copyright laws.

Manual Information

Part Number: 33500-90901

Manufacturer Address

Keysight Technologies, Inc. 900 S. Taft Ave. Loveland, CO 80537 USA

Software and Documentation Updates and Licenses

Warranty

The material contained in this document is provided "as is," and is subject to being changed, without notice, in future editions. Further, to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, Keysight disclaims all warranties, either express or implied, with regard to this manual and any information contained herein, including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Keysight shall not be liable for errors or for incidental or consequential damagesin connection with the furnishing, use, or performance of this document or of any information contained herein. Should Keysight and the user have a separate written agreement with warranty terms covering the material in this document that conflict with these terms, the warranty terms in the separate agreement shall control.

Technology Licenses

The hardware and/or software described in this document are furnished under a license and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of such license.

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Safety and Regulatory Information

Restricted Rights Legend

If software is for use in the performance of a U.S. Government prime contract or subcontract, Software is delivered and licensed as"Commercial computer software" as defined in DFAR 252.227-7014 (June

1995), or as a "commercial item" as defined in FAR 2.101(a) or as "Restricted computer software" as defined in FAR 52.227-19 (June 1987) or any equivalent agency regulation or contract clause. Use, duplication or disclosure of Software is subject to Keysight Technologies’ standard commercial license terms, and non-DOD Departments and Agencies of the U.S. Government will receive no greater than Restricted Rights as defined in FAR 52.227-19(c)(1-2) (June 1987). U.S. Government users will receive no greater than Limited Rights as defined in FAR 52.227-14 (June 1987) or DFAR 252.227-7015 (b)(2) (November 1995), as applicable in any technical data.

Safety Notices

A CAUTION notice denotes a hazard. It calls attention to an operating procedure, practice, or the like that, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to the product or loss of important data. Do not proceed beyond a CAUTION notice until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

A WARNING notice denotes a hazard. It calls attention to an operating procedure, practice, or the like that, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in personal injury or death. Do not proceed beyond a WARNING notice until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

Safety Symbols

Alternating current

Frame or chassis terminal (functional ground)

Standby supply. Unit is not completely disconnected from AC mains when switch is off.

Risk of electric shock

Refer to accompanying documents

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Safety and Regulatory Information

Protective Earth ground terminal (safety ground)

The CE mark is a registered trademark of the European Community.

The ETL mark is a registered trademark of Intertek. Applies to 33500 Series instruments only.

The CSA mark with the 'c' and 'us' subscript indicates the instrument is certified to the applicable Canadian and United States of America standards respectively. Applies to 33600 Series instruments only.

The C-tick mark is a registered trademark of the Spectrum Management Agency of Australia. This signifies compliance with the Australian EMC Framework regulations under the terms of the Radio Communications Act of 1992.

Contains one or more of the 6 hazardous substances above the maximum concentration value (MCV), 40 Year EPUP.

1SM 1-A This text indicates that the instrument is an Industrial Scientific and Medical Group 1

Class A product (CISPR 11, Clause 4).

ICES/NMB001

This ISM device complies with Canadian ICES-001.

Cet appareil ISM est conforme à la norme NMB-001 du Canada.

This product complies with the WEEE Directive (2002/96/EC) marking equipment. The affixed product label indicates that you must not discard this electrical/electronic product in domestic household waste.

This equipment is Class A suitable for professional use and is for use in electromagnetic environments outside of the home.

Additional Safety Notices

The following general safety precautions must be observed during all phases of operation of this instrument. Failure to comply with these precautions or with specific warnings or instructions elsewhere in this manual violates safety standards of design, manufacture, and intended use of the instrument. Keysight Technologies assumes no liability of the customer’s failure to comply with the requirements.

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Safety and Regulatory Information

General

Do not use this product in any manner not specified by the manufacturer. The protective features of this product may be impaired if it is used in a manner not specified in the operation instructions.

Before Applying Power

Verify that all safety precautions are taken. Make all connections to the unit before applying power.

Ground the Instrument

This product is provided with protective earth terminals. To minimize shock hazard, the instrument must be connected to the AC power mains through a grounded power cable, with the ground wire firmly connected to an electrical ground (safety ground) at the power outlet. Any interruption of the protective (grounding) conductor or disconnection of the protective earth terminal will cause a potential shock hazard that could result in personal injury.

l Do not operate in an explosive atmosphere.

l Do not operate the instrument in the presence of flammable gases or fumes.

l Only qualified, service-trained personnel who are aware of the hazards involved should remove

instrument covers. Always disconnect the power cable and any external circuits before removing the instrument cover.

Do Not Modify the Instrument

Do not install substitute parts or perform any unauthorized modification to the product. Return the product to an Keysight Sales and Service Office for service and repair to ensure that safety features are maintained.

In Case of Damage

Instruments that appear damaged or defective should be made inoperative and secured against unintended operation until they can be repaired by qualified service personnel.

Unless otherwise noted in the specifications, this instrument or system is intended for indoor use in an installation category II, pollution degree 2 environment per IEC 61010-1 and 664 respectively. It is designed to operate at a maximum relative humidity of 5% to 80% at 40 °C or less (non-condensing). This instrument or system is designed to operate at altitudes up to 3000 meters, and at temperatures between 0 and 55 °C.

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Safety and Regulatory Information

Technical Support

If you have questions about your shipment, or if you need information about warranty, service, or technical support, contact Keysight Technologies.

Declaration of Conformity

Declarations of Conformity for this product and for other Keysight products may be downloaded from the Keysight Regulatory Web site:

http://regulations.products.keysight.com/DoC/search.htm

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Safety and Regulatory Information

Safety and Regulatory Information 2

Notices 2

Manual Information 2

Manufacturer Address 2

Software and Documentation Updates and Licenses 2 Warranty 2 Technology Licenses 2 Restricted Rights Legend 3

Safety Notices 3 Safety Symbols 3 Additional Safety Notices 4

General 5 Before Applying Power 5 Ground the Instrument 5 Do Not Modify the Instrument 5 In Case of Damage 5 Technical Support Declaration of Conformity 6

Keysight Trueform Series Waveform Generator Operation and Service Guide 14

Keysight BenchVue Software 15

Use BenchVue to: 15 Save time with: 15 From anywhere: 15

Preliminary Information 16 Operating Information 16 SCPI Programming Reference 16 Service and Repair Information 17 IO Libraries and Instrument Drivers 17 Web Interface 18 Example Programs 18 Contacting Keysight Technologies 19

Models and Options 20

Instrument Models 20 One- and two-channel upgrades for 33500 Series 22 One- and two-channel upgrades for 33600 Series 22 Models and Options

Instrument Models 23 One- and two-channel upgrades for 33500 Series 24 One- and two-channel upgrades for 33600 Series 25

Maximum Waveform Frequencies by Model 25

33500 Series, Lower Frequency Models 25 33500 Series, Higher Frequency Models 25 33600 Series, Lower Frequency Models 26 33600 Series, Higher Frequency Models 26

Operating Information 28

Introduction to Instrument

Instrument at a Glance 28 Front Panel at a Glance 30 Front Panel Display at a Glance 31 Front Panel Number Entry 32 Rear Panel at a Glance

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Safety and Regulatory Information

Quick Start 34

Prepare Instrument for Use 36 Adjust the Carrying Handle 37 Set Output Frequency 38 Set Output Amplitude 39 Set DC Offset Voltage 41 Set High-Level and Low-Level Values 42 Output a DC Voltage 43 Set Duty Cycle of a Square Wave 44 Configure a Pulse Waveform 45 Select a Stored Arbitrary Waveform 46 Use Built-in Help System 47 Rack Mount the Instrument 49

Front Panel Menu Operation 50

Select Output Termination 50 Reset the Instrument 50 Output a Modulated Waveform 51 Output an FSK Waveform Output a PWM Waveform 53 Output a Frequency Sweep 55 Output a Burst Waveform 57 Trigger a Sweep or Burst 58 Store or Retrieve the Instrument State 59 Front Panel Menu Reference 61 LAN Configuration Procedure 66 Set Up an Arbitrary Waveform 69

Features and Functions 80

Output Configuration 81 Pulse Waveforms 95 Amplitude Modulation (AM) and Frequency Modulation (FM) 99 Phase Modulation (PM) 106 Frequency-Shift Keying (FSK) Modulation 112 Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) 113 Sum Modulation 119 Frequency Sweep 122 Burst Mode 130 Triggering 137 Dual ChannelOperations IQ Player (Optional) 145 System-Related Operations 148 Remote Interface Configuration 154 External Timebase Reference 161 Embedded Waveform Editor 163

Waveform Generation Tutorial 177

Arbitrary Waveforms 178 Quasi-Gaussian Noise 180 PRBS 181 Modulation Burst 186 Frequency Sweep 187 Attributes of AC Signals 188 Signal Imperfections 190 Ground Loops

142

182

191

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Safety and Regulatory Information

SCPI Programming Reference 192

Introduction to the SCPI Language 192

Syntax Conventions 192 Command Separators 193 Using the MIN, MAX, and DEF Parameters 193 Querying Parameter Settings 194 SCPI Command Terminators 194 IEEE-488.2 Common Commands 194 SCPI Parameter Types 194 Using Device Clear 196

InternalFunction Waveforms 196

Keysight Trueform Series Waveform Generator Operation and Service Guide

This document includes user, service, and programming information for the Keysight Trueform Series waveform generators.

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Keysight Trueform Series Waveform Generator Operation and Service Guide

Keysight BenchVue Software

Keysight

The

Trueform Series waveform generators work with BenchVue software, which provides

easy multi-instrument control.

Use BenchVue to:

l View and control all of your bench instruments from a single screen

l Save/recall the state of your entire bench

l Acquire data and screenshots from multiple instruments

Save time with:

l Time aligned multi-instrument export to Excel, Word, MATLAB

l Export of waveform generator data to Word

l Drag and drop waveforms between your waveform generator and oscilloscope

l Integrated library capability for downloading instrument documentation, software drivers, firmware

updates, FAQs, videos, and more

From anywhere:

l Mobile companion apps to monitor and control your bench

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Keysight Trueform Series Waveform Generator Operation and Service Guide

Preliminary Information

Safety and Regulatory Information

Models and Options

Maximum Waveform Frequencies by Model

Operating Information

Introduction to Instrument

Quick Start

Front Panel Menu Operation

Front Panel Menu Reference

LAN Configuration Procedure

Set Up Arbitrary Waveform

Features and Functions

Waveform Generation Tutorial

SCPI Programming Reference

Introduction to SCPI Language

Internal Function Waveforms

Alphabetical List of SCPI Commands and Queries

Programming Examples

Command Quick Reference

Factory Reset State

SCPI Error Messages

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Keysight Trueform Series Waveform Generator Operation and Service Guide

Service and Repair Information

Service and Repair Introduction

Calibration and Adjustment: 33500 Series

Calibration and Adjustment: 33600 Series

Block Diagram - 33500 Series

Block Diagram - 33600 Series

Power Supplies - 33500 Series

Power Supplies - 33600 Series

Troubleshooting - 33500 Series

Troubleshooting - 33600 Series

Self-Test Procedures

Replaceable Parts

Disassembly - 33500 Series

Disassembly - 33600 Series

Battery Replacement

Installing the Optional GPIB Interface

IO Libraries and Instrument Drivers

The Keysight IO Libraries Suite software, including installation instructions, is on the Keysight IO

Libraries Suite CD provided with your instrument.

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Keysight Trueform Series Waveform Generator Operation and Service Guide

Web Interface

The instrument includes a built-in Web Interface. You can use this interface over LAN for remote instrument access and control via a Java™-enabled Web browser, such as Microsoft Internet Explorer.

To use the Web Interface:

Establish a LAN connection from your PC to the instrument.

Open your PC's Web browser.

Launch the instrument's Web Interfaceby entering the instrument's IP address or fully-qualified hostname in the browser address field.

Follow the instructions in the Web Interface's on-line help.

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Keysight Trueform Series Waveform Generator Operation and Service Guide

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Models and Options

This section describes the models and options in the Trueform Series of instruments. For information on loading licensesfor options via the front panel, see License Installation. For information on loading licensesvia SCPI, see the SYSTem:LICense commands.

Instrument Models

Instrument models with numbers of the form 335XXA or 335XXB are referred to as the 33500 Series, and instrument models with numbers of the form 336XXA are referred to as the 33600 Series. Collectively, the 33500 Series and 33600 Series instruments comprise the Trueform Series of waveform generators. Unless specified otherwise, all manual topics apply to all instruments in the Trueform Series.

To determine the model number of your instrument, read the label on the instrument's front panel. You can also either execute the *IDN? query over the remote interface or press[System] >Help > About on the front panel.

The Trueform Series model numbers and option numbers are shown and described in the table below.

Model Description Options

33521A 30 MHz

One channel Arbitrary waveforms NISPOM Security 1 MSa Memory per channel

33522A 30 MHz

Two channels Arbitrary waveforms NISPOM Security 1 MSa memory per channel

33509B 20 MHz

One channel No arbitrary waveforms

33510B 20 MHz

Two channels No arbitrary waveforms

33511B 20 MHz

One channel Arbitrary waveforms

33512B 20 MHz

Two channels Arbitrary waveforms

002 - 16MSa Arb Memory 004 - GPIBInterface 010 - High-stability OCXO Timebase

OCX - Add High-stability OCXO Timebase SEC - Enable NISPOM & File Security

MEM - 16 MSa Memory per channel OCX - Add High-stability OCXO Timebase SEC - Enable NISPOM & File Security

MEM - 16 MSa Memory per channel OCX - Add High-stability OCXO Timebase SEC - Enable NISPOM & File Security IQP - Add IQ Baseband signal player

33519B 30 MHz

One channel No arbitrary waveforms

OCX - Add High-stability OCXO Timebase SEC - Enable NISPOM & File Security

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Models and Options

Model Description Options

33520B 30 MHz

Two channels No arbitrary waveforms

33521B 30 MHz

One channel Arbitrary waveforms

33522B 30 MHz

Two channels Arbitrary waveforms

33611A 80 MHz

One channel Arbitrary waveforms

33612A 80 MHz

Two channels Arbitrary waveforms

33621A 120 MHz

One channel Arbitrary waveforms

OCX - Add High-stability OCXO Timebase SEC - Enable NISPOM & File Security

MEM - 16 MSa Memory per channel OCX - Add High-stability OCXO Timebase SEC - Enable NISPOM & File Security

MEM - 16 MSa Memory per channel OCX - Add High-stability OCXO Timebase SEC - Enable NISPOM & File Security IQP - Add IQ Baseband signal player

MEM - 64 MSa Memory per channel OCX - Add High-stability OCXO Timebase SEC - Enable NISPOM & File Security

MEM - 64 MSa Memory per channel OCX - Add High-stability OCXO Timebase SEC - Enable NISPOM & File Security IQP - Add IQ Baseband signal player

MEM - 64 MSa Memory per channel OCX - Add High-stability OCXO Timebase SEC - Enable NISPOM & File Security GPB - GPIB interface module – factory installed

33622A 120 MHz

Two channels Arbitrary waveforms

MEM - 64 MSa Memory per channel OCX - Add High-stability OCXO Timebase SEC - Enable NISPOM & File Security IQP - Add IQ Baseband signal player GPB - GPIB interface module – factory installed

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One- and two-channel upgrades for 33500 Series

Model Description

335BW1U Increase bandwidth to 30 MHz for one-channel models

335BW2U Increase bandwidth to 30 MHz for two-channel models

335ARB1U Add arbitrary waveforms to one-channel models

335ARB2U Add arbitrary waveforms to two-channel models

335MEM1U 16 MSa per channel memory for one-channel models

335MEM2U 16 MSa per channel memory for two-channel models

33500U-OCX Add high-stability OCXO timebase

335SECU Add NISPOMand File security

335IQPU Add IQ Baseband signal player

Models and Options

33522B-DST Enable all software options for demonstration

One- and two-channel upgrades for 33600 Series

Model Description

336BW1U Increase bandwidth to 120 MHz for one-channel models

336BW2U Increase bandwidth to 120 MHz for two-channel models

336MEM1U 64 MSa per channel memory for one-channel models

336MEM2U 64 MSa per channel memory for two-channel models

33600U-OCX Add high-stability OCXO timebase

336SECU Add NISPOMand File security

336IQPU Add IQ Baseband signal player

33622A-DST Enable all software options for demonstration

3446GPBU GPIB user installable interface module

Models and Options

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Models and Options

Instrument Models

The Trueform Series model numbers and option numbers are shown and described in the table below.

Model Description Options

33521A 30 MHz

One channel Arbitrary waveforms NISPOM Security 1 MSa Memory per channel

33522A 30 MHz

Two channels Arbitrary waveforms NISPOM Security 1 MSa memory per channel

33509B 20 MHz

One channel No arbitrary waveforms

33510B 20 MHz

Two channels No arbitrary waveforms

33511B 20 MHz

One channel Arbitrary waveforms

33512B 20 MHz

Two channels Arbitrary waveforms

002 - 16MSa Arb Memory 004 - GPIBInterface 010 - High-stability OCXO Timebase

OCX - Add High-stability OCXO Timebase SEC - Enable NISPOM & File Security

MEM - 16 MSa Memory per channel OCX - Add High-stability OCXO Timebase SEC - Enable NISPOM & File Security

MEM - 16 MSa Memory per channel OCX - Add High-stability OCXO Timebase SEC - Enable NISPOM & File Security IQP - Add IQ Baseband signal player

33519B 30 MHz

One channel No arbitrary waveforms

33520B 30 MHz

Two channels No arbitrary waveforms

OCX - Add High-stability OCXO Timebase SEC - Enable NISPOM & File Security

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Model Description Options

Models and Options

33521B 30 MHz

One channel Arbitrary waveforms

33522B 30 MHz

Two channels Arbitrary waveforms

33611A 80 MHz

One channel Arbitrary waveforms

33612A 80 MHz

Two channels Arbitrary waveforms

33621A 120 MHz

One channel Arbitrary waveforms

33622A 120 MHz

Two channels Arbitrary waveforms

MEM - 16 MSa Memory per channel OCX - Add High-stability OCXO Timebase SEC - Enable NISPOM & File Security

MEM - 16 MSa Memory per channel OCX - Add High-stability OCXO Timebase SEC - Enable NISPOM & File Security IQP - Add IQ Baseband signal player

MEM - 64 MSa Memory per channel OCX - Add High-stability OCXO Timebase SEC - Enable NISPOM & File Security

MEM - 64 MSa Memory per channel OCX - Add High-stability OCXO Timebase SEC - Enable NISPOM & File Security IQP - Add IQ Baseband signal player

MEM - 64 MSa Memory per channel OCX - Add High-stability OCXO Timebase SEC - Enable NISPOM & File Security GPB - GPIB interface module – factory installed

MEM - 64 MSa Memory per channel OCX - Add High-stability OCXO Timebase SEC - Enable NISPOM & File Security IQP - Add IQ Baseband signal player GPB - GPIB interface module – factory installed

One- and two-channel upgrades for 33500 Series

Model Description

335BW1U Increase bandwidth to 30 MHz for one-channel models

335BW2U Increase bandwidth to 30 MHz for two-channel models

335ARB1U Add arbitrary waveforms to one-channel models

335ARB2U Add arbitrary waveforms to two-channel models

335MEM1U 16 MSa per channel memory for one-channel models

335MEM2U 16 MSa per channel memory for two-channel models

33500U-OCX Add high-stability OCXO timebase

335SECU Add NISPOMand File security

335IQPU Add IQ Baseband signal player

33522B-DST Enable all software options for demonstration

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Models and Options

One- and two-channel upgrades for 33600 Series

Model Description

336BW1U Increase bandwidth to 120 MHz for one-channel models

336BW2U Increase bandwidth to 120 MHz for two-channel models

336MEM1U 64 MSa per channel memory for one-channel models

336MEM2U 64 MSa per channel memory for two-channel models

33600U-OCX Add high-stability OCXO timebase

336SECU Add NISPOMand File security

336IQPU Add IQ Baseband signal player

33622A-DST Enable all software options for demonstration

3446GPBU GPIB user installable interface module

Maximum Waveform Frequencies by Model

33500 Series, Lower Frequency Models

33509B 33510B 33511B 33512B

Waveform Maximum Frequency

Sine 20 MHz

Square/Pulse 20 MHz

Noise 20 MHz

Ramp/Triangle 200 kHz

PRBS 50 Mbps

Arbitrary 160 MSa/s

33500 Series, Higher Frequency Models

33521A 33522A 33519B 33520B 33521B 33522B or other 33500 Series models with option 335BW1U or 335BW2U.

Waveform Maximum Frequency

Sine 30 MHz

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Waveform Maximum Frequency

Square/Pulse 30 MHz

Noise 30 MHz

Ramp/Triangle 200 kHz

PRBS 50 Mbps

Arbitrary 250 MSa/s

33600 Series, Lower Frequency Models

33611A 33612A

Waveform Maximum Frequency

Sine 60 MHz up to 10 Vpp

80 MHz up to 8 Vpp

Models and Options

Square/Pulse 50 MHz up to 10 Vpp

Noise 60 MHz up to 10 Vpp

80 MHz up to 8 Vpp

Ramp/Triangle 800 kHz

PRBS 100 Mbps

Arbitrary 660 MSa/s

33600 Series, Higher Frequency Models

33621A 33622A or other 33600 Series models with option 336BW1U or 336BW2U.

Waveform Maximum Frequency

Sine 60 MHz up to 10 Vpp

80 MHz up to 8 Vpp 120 MHz up to 4 Vpp

Square/Pulse 50 MHz up to 10 Vpp

100 MHz up to 4 Vpp

Noise 60 MHz up to 10 Vpp

80 MHz up to 8 Vpp 120 MHz up to 4 Vpp

Ramp/Triangle 800 kHz

PRBS 100 Mbps up to 10 Vpp

200 Mbps up to 4 Vpp

Arbitrary 1 GSa/s

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Models and Options

27 Keysight Trueform Series Operating and Service Guide

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Operating Information

Introduction to Instrument

Quick Start

Front Panel Menu Operation

Front Panel Menu Reference

LAN Configuration Procedure

Set Up Arbitrary Waveform

Features and Functions

Waveform Generation Tutorial

Introduction to Instrument

The Keysight Technologies Trueform Series is a series of synthesized waveform generators with built-in arbitrary waveform and pulse capabilities.

Instrument at a Glance

Front Panel at a Glance

Front Panel Display at a Glance

Front Panel Number Entry

Rear Panel at a Glance

Instrument at a Glance

The instrument's combination of bench-top and system features makes it a versatile solution now and in the future.

Convenient bench-top features

l 16 standard waveforms

l Built-in 16-bit (33500 Series) or 14-bit (33600 Series) arbitrary waveform capability

l Precise pulse waveform capabilities with adjustable edge time

l LCD display with numeric and graphical views

l Easy-to-use knob and numeric keypad

l Instrument state storage with user-defined names

l Portable, ruggedized case with non-skid feet

l Isolated outputs to break ground loops

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Operating Information

Flexible system features

l Downloadable waveform memory of 1MSa (33500 Series) or 4 MSa (33600 Series). This can be

upgraded to 16 MSa (33500 Series) or 64 MSa (33600 Series).

l USB, GPIB, and LAN remote interfaces (GPIB is optional on some models; see Models and Options for

details.)

l LXI Class C Compliant

l SCPI (Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments) compatibility

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Front Panel at a Glance

The BNC connectors, both the shell and center pin, on the front panel of the instrument are isolated up to ±42 Vpk from chassis. The shells of these BNC connectors are connected to each other, and internal circuitry will attempt to keep the isolated voltage to within ±42 Vpk to chassis. Exceeding the isolation voltage beyond ±42 Vpk from chassis may destroy the instrument and cause a hazard that could result in personal injury or death.

Operating Information

Item Description

1 USB Port

2 On/Off Standby Switch

3 Display

4 Menu Softkeys

5 Fixed Function Buttons

(column of seven keys)

6 Manual Trigger Button

7 Sync Connector

8 Numeric Keypad

9 Channel 1 and Channel 2

(depending on model)

10 Knob and cursor arrows

Pressand hold any front panel key or softkey to get context-sensitive help.

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Operating Information

Front Panel Display at a Glance

Item Description

1 Channel 1 information

2 Channel 2 information (depends on model)

3 Waveform parameters

4 Waveform display

5 Sweep, modulation, or burst parameters

6 Softkey labels

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Operating Information

Front Panel Number Entry

You can enter numbers from the front panel in two ways:

l Use the knob and cursor keys to modify the number. Rotate the knob to change a digit (clockwise

increases). The arrows below the knob move the cursor.

l Use the keypad to enter numbers and the softkeys to select units. The [+/-] key changes the number's

sign.

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Operating Information

Rear Panel at a Glance

The rear panels on the 33500 Series and 33600 Series instruments have similar features, but their locations vary, as shown below.

33500 Series

33600 Series

Item Description

1 External 10 MHz Reference Input

2 Internal 10 MHz Reference Output

3 GPIB Connector

4 Chassis Ground

5 Instrument Cable Lock

6 AC Power

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Item Description

7 External Modulation Input

8 External Trig/Gate/FSK/Burst (Input and Output)

9 USB Interface Connector

10 Local Area Network (LAN) Connector

The external 10 MHz reference input BNC connector, both the shell and center pin, on the rear panel of the instrument is isolated up to ±42 Vpk from chassis. The shell of this BNC connector is isolated from the rest of the instrument. Internal circuitry will attempt to keep the isolated voltage to within ±42 Vpk to chassis. Attempts to float this input beyond ±42 Vpk from chassis may destroy the instrument and cause a hazard that could result in personal injury or death.

The external modulation input BNC connector, both the shell and center pin, on the rear panel of the instrument is isolated up to ±42 Vpk from chassis. The shell of this BNC connector is connected to the shells of the front panel BNC connectors. Internal circuitry will attempt to keep the isolated voltage to within ±42 Vpk to chassis. Attempts to float the outputs beyond ±42 Vpk from chassis may destroy the instrument and cause a hazard that could result in personal injury or death.

Operating Information

This is a Protection Class 1 equipment (chassis must be connected to a protective earth ground). The mains plug shall only be inserted in an outlet provided with a Protective Earth Terminal.

Quick Start

This section describes basic procedures to help you get started quickly with the instrument.

l Prepare Instrument for Use

l Adjust the Carrying Handle

l Set Output Frequency

l Set Output Amplitude

l Set DC Offset Voltage

l Set High-Level and Low-Level Values

l Output a DC Voltage

l Set Duty Cycle of a Square Wave

l Configure a Pulse Waveform

l Select a Stored Arbitrary Waveform

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Operating Information

l Use Built-in Help System

l Rack Mount the Instrument

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Operating Information

Prepare Instrument for Use

Verify that you received the following items. If anything is missing, please contact your nearest Keysight sales office or Keysight authorized reseller.

l Power cord (for country of destination)

l Certificate of Calibration

Keysight Trueform Series Product Reference CD (product software, programming

examples, and manuals)

Keysight IO Libraries Suite CD

l USB 2.0 cable

Note: All product documentation is on the Keysight Trueform Series Product Reference

CD.

The instrument may be used with mains power of either 100-240 V, 50/60 Hz or 100-120 V, 400 Hz. The maximum power usage is 150 VA. Ensure that you are using the correctly rated mains cord based on the instrument’s rating and your country's electrical codes. Connect the power cord and LAN, GPIB, or USB cable as desired. Turn the instrument on by pressing the power switch in the lower left corner of front panel. The instrument runs a power-on self test and then displays a message about how to obtain help, along with the current IP address. It also displays the GPIB address if the GPIB option is installed and enabled.

PowerSwitch:

The instrument's default function isa 1 kHz, 100 mVpp sine wave (into a 50 Ω termination). At power-on, the channel output connectors are disabled. To enable output on a channel connector, press the key above the channel connector and then press the Output Off / On softkey.

If the instrument does not turn on, verify that the power cord is firmly connected. Also make sure that the instrument is connected to an energized power source. If the LED below the power switch is off, there is no AC power connected. If the LED is amber, the instrument is in standby mode with AC power connected, and if it is green, the instrument is on.

If the power-on self test fails, the display shows ERR in the upper right corner. It also prominently displays

"Check for error messages in the error queue."

See SCPI Error Messages for information on error codes. See Service and Repair - Introduction for instructions on returning the instrument for service.

To turn off the instrument, hold the power switch down for about 500 ms. This prevents you from turning the instrument off by accidentally brushing the power switch.

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Operating Information

Adjust the Carrying Handle

Grasp the sides of the handle, pull outward, and rotate the handle.

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Set Output Frequency

The default frequency is 1 kHz. You can change the frequency, and you can specify frequency in units of period instead of Hz.

To change frequency with the knob:

To change frequency with the numeric keypad:

Finish by selecting frequency units:

To change the units to period instead of frequency:

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Set Output Amplitude

The instrument's default function isa 1 kHz, 100 mVpp sine wave (into a 50 Ω termination).

The following steps change the amplitude to 50 mVpp.

1. Press [Units] > Amp/Offs or High/Low to make sure that you are in Amp/Offs.

The displayed amplitude is either the power-on value or the amplitude previously selected. When you change functions, the same amplitude is used if it isvalid for the newfunction. To choose whether you want to specify voltage as amplitude and offset or high and low values, press [Units] and then the second softkey. In this case, we will highlight Amp/Offs.

2. Enter the magnitude of the desired amplitude.

Press[Parameters] > Amplitude. Using the numeric keypad, enter the number 50.

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3. Select the desired units.

Pressthe softkey that corresponds to the desired units. When you select the units, the instrument outputs the waveform with the displayed amplitude (if the output is enabled). For this example, press

mVpp.

You can also enter the desired value using the knob and arrows. If you do so, you do not need to use a units softkey. You can easily convert unit types. Simply press [Units] > Ampl As and select the desired units.

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Set DC Offset Voltage

At power-on, the DC offset is 0 V. The following steps change the offset to –1.5 VDC.

1. Press [Parameters] > Offset.

The displayed offset voltage is either the power-on value or the offset previously selected. When you change functions, the same offset is used if the present value is valid for the new function.

2. Enter the desired offset.

In this case we will use the numeric keypad to enter –1.5.

3. Select the desired units.

Pressthe softkey for the desired units. When you select the units, the instrument outputs the waveform with the displayed offset (if the output is enabled). For this example, press V. The voltage will be set asshown below.

You can also enter the desired value using the knob and arrows.

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Set High-Level and Low-Level Values

You can specify a signal by setting its amplitude and DC offset, described above. You can also specify the signal as high (maximum) and low (minimum) values. This is typically convenient for digital applications. In the following example, we will set the high level to 1.0 V and the low level to 0.0 V.

1. Press [Units] > Ampl/Offs to toggle to High/Low as shown below.

2. Press the [Parameters] > High Level. Using the numeric keypad or knob and arrows, select a value of

1.0 V. (If you are using the keypad, you will need to select the V unit softkey to enter the value.)

3. Press the Low Level softkey and set the value.

Again, use the numeric keypad or the knob to enter a value of 0.0 V.

These settings (high-level = 1.0 V and low-level = 0.0 V) are equivalent to setting an amplitude of 1.0 Vpp and an offset of 500 mV.

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Output a DC Voltage

You can output a constant DC voltage, from -5 V to +5 V into 50 Ω, or -10 V to +10 V into a high impedance load.

1. Press [Waveforms] > More > DC.

The Offset value becomes selected.

2. Enter the desired voltage offset.

Enter 1.0 with the numeric keypad or knob, and press the V softkey if you used the keypad.

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Set Duty Cycle of a Square Wave

The power-on default for square wave duty cycle is 50%. The duty cycle is limited by the minimum pulse width specification of 16 ns on the 33500 Series, or 5 ns up to 4 Vpp and 8 ns up to 10 Vpp on the 33600 Series. The following procedure changes the duty cycle to 75%.

1. Select the square wave function.

Press[Waveforms] > Square.

2. Press the Duty Cycle softkey.

The displayed duty cycle is either the power-on value or the percentage previously selected. The duty cycle represents the amount of time per cycle that the square wave is at a high level.

3. Enter the desired duty cycle.

Using the numeric keypad or the knob and arrows, select a duty cycle value of 75. If you are using the numeric keypad, press Percent to finish the entry. The instrument adjusts the duty cycle immediately and outputs a square wave with the specified value (if the output is enabled).

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Configure a Pulse Waveform

You can configure the instrument to output a pulse waveform with variable pulse width and edge time. The following steps configure a 500 ms periodic pulse waveform with a pulse width of 10 ms and edge times of 50 ns.

1. Select the pulse function.

Press[Waveforms] > Pulse to select the pulse function.

2. Set the pulse period.

Pressthe [Units] key and then pressFrequency/Period to choose Period. Then press [Parameters]

>Period. Set the period to 500 ms.

3. Set the pulse width.

Press[Parameters] >Pulse Width. Then set the pulse width to 10 ms. The pulse width represents the time from the 50% threshold of the rising edge to the 50% threshold of the next falling edge.

4. Set the edge time for both edges.

Pressthe Edge Times softkey and then set the edge time for both the leading and trailing edges to 50 ns. The edge time represents the time from the 10% threshold to the 90% threshold of each edge.

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Select a Stored Arbitrary Waveform

There are nine built-in arbitrary waveforms stored in non-volatile memory. They are Cardiac, D-Lorentz, Exponential Fall, Exponential Rise, Gaussian, Haversine, Lorentz, Negative Ramp, and Sinc.

This procedure selects the built-in "exponential fall" waveform from the front panel. For information on creating a custom arbitrary waveform, refer to Set Up Arbitrary Waveform.

1. Press [Waveforms] >Arb > Arbs.

2. Choose Select Arb and use the knob to select Exp_Fall. Press Select.

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Use Built-in Help System

The built-in help system provides context-sensitive help on any front panel key or menu softkey. A list of help topics is also available to assist you with several front panel operations.

View the help information for a function key

Pressand hold any softkey or front panel key, such as [Waveforms]. If the message contains more information than will fit on the display, press the down arrow softkey or use the knob to view the remaining information.

PressDone to exit Help.

View the list of help topics.

Press[System] > Help to view the list of available help topics. To scroll through the list, press the up and down arrow softkeys or use the knob. Select the topic Get HELP on any key and then press Select. Note that the topics may vary from the list shown below, depending on model and firmware version.

PressDone to exit Help.

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View the help information for displayed messages.

Whenever a limit is exceeded or any other invalid configuration is found, the instrument displays a message. The built-in help system provides additional information on the most recent message. Press

[System] > Help. Then select the topic View the last message displayed, and press Select.

PressDone to exit Help.

Local Language Help

All messages, context-sensitive help, and help topics are available in English, Chinese, French, German, Japanese, Korean, and Russian. Softkey labels and status line messages are not translated. To select the language, press [System] > System Setup

> User Settings >HelpLang. Then select the desired language.

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Rack Mount the Instrument

You can mount the instrument in a standard 19-inch rack cabinet using one of two optional kits, each of which includes instructions and mounting hardware. Any Keysight System II instrument of the same size can be rack-mounted beside the instrument.

Remove the carrying handle, and the front and rear rubber bumpers, before rackmounting the instrument.

To remove the handle, rotate it to vertical and pull the ends outward.

To remove the rubber bumper, stretch a corner and then slide it off.

Front Rear (bottom view)

To rack mount a single instrument, order adapter kit 5063-9240.

To rack mount two instruments side-by-side, order lock-link kit 5061-8769 and flange kit 5063-

9212. Be sure to use the support rails in the rack cabinet.

To prevent overheating, do not block airflow to or from the instrument. Air enters at the rear of the instrument and exits at both sides and the bottom. Ensure that at least one side is unblocked to allow the ventilation air to exhaust freely. Do not block the fan on the instrument rear panel.

The 33600 Series instrument's fan speed runs at a constant speed up to an ambient temperature of 28 °C and increases when the ambient temperature goes above 28 °C.

The 33600 Series instruments monitor critical internal temperatures and will shut down if limits are exceeded. Failure of ventilation could result in shutdown.

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Front Panel Menu Operation

This section introduces front panel keys and menus. See Features and Functions, Front Panel Menu

Reference, LAN Configuration Procedure, and Set Up an Arbitrary Waveform for additional front panel

operation information.

l Select Output Termination

l Reset the Instrument

l Output a Modulated Waveform

l Output an FSK Waveform

l Output a PWM Waveform

l Output a Frequency Sweep

l Output a Burst Waveform

l Trigger a Sweep or Burst

l Store or Retrieve the Instrument State

Select Output Termination

The instrument has a fixed series output impedance of 50 Ω to the front panel channel connectors. If the actual load impedance differs from the value specified, the displayed amplitude and offset levels will be incorrect. The load impedance setting is simply a convenience to ensure that the displayed voltage matches the expected load.

Pressa channel output key to open the channel configuration screen. Note that the current output termination values (both 50 Ω in thiscase) appear on the tabs at the top of the screen.

2. Begin specifying the output termination by pressing Output Load.

Select the desired output termination either by using the knob or numeric keypad to select the desired load impedance or by pressing Set to 50 Ω or Set to High Z.

Reset the Instrument

To reset the instrument to its factory default state, press [System] > Set to Defaults >Yes.

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Output a Modulated Waveform

A modulated waveform consists of a carrier waveform and a modulating waveform. In AM (amplitude modulation), the carrier amplitude is varied by the modulating waveform. For this example, you will output an AM waveform with 80% modulation depth. The carrier will be a 5 kHz sine wave and the modulating waveform will be a 200 Hz sine wave.

1. Select the function, frequency, and carrier amplitude.

Press[Waveforms] >Sine. Press the Frequency, Amplitude, and Offset softkeys to configure the carrier waveform. For this example, select a 5 kHz sine wave with an amplitude of 5 Vpp, with 0 V offset.

Note that you may specify amplitude in Vpp, Vrms or dBm.

2. Select AM.

Press[Modulate] and then select AM using the Type softkey. Then press the Modulate softkey to turn modulation on. Notice that the [Modulate] key is illuminated, and the status message "AM Modulated by Sine" appears at the top left of the display.

3. Set the modulation depth.

Pressthe AM Depth softkey and then set the value to 80% using the numeric keypad or the knob and arrows.

4. Select the modulating waveform shape.

PressShape to select the modulating waveform's shape. For this example, select a sine wave.

5. Press AM Freq. On the 33500 Series, you will first have to press the More softkey to get to the correct

menu. Set the value to 200 Hz using the numeric keypad or the knob and arrows. Press Hz to finish entering the number if you are using the numeric keypad.

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Output an FSK Waveform

You can configure the instrument to "shift" its output frequency between two preset values (called the "carrier frequency" and the "hop frequency") using FSK modulation. The rate at which the output shifts between these two frequencies isdetermined by the internal rate generator or the signal level on the rearpanel Ext Trig connector. For this example, you will set the "carrier" frequency to 5 kHz and the "hop" frequency to 500 Hz, with an FSK rate of 100Hz.

1. Select the function, frequency, and carrier amplitude.

2. Select FSK.

Press[Modulate] and then select FSK using the Type softkey. Then press the Modulate softkey to turn modulation on. Notice the status message "FSK Modulated" at the top left of the display.

3. Set the "hop" frequency.

Pressthe Hop Freq softkey and then set the value to 500 Hz using the numeric keypad or the knob and arrows. If you use the numeric keypad, be sure to finish the entry by pressing Hz.

4. Set the FSK "shift" rate.

Pressthe FSK Rate softkey and then set the value to 100 Hz using the numeric keypad or the knob and arrows.

At this point, the instrument outputs an FSK waveform if the channel output is enabled.

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Output a PWM Waveform

You can configure the instrument to output a pulse width modulated (PWM) waveform. PWM is only available for the Pulse waveform, and the pulse width varies according to the modulating signal. The amount by which the pulse width varies is called the width deviation, and it can be specified as a percentage of the waveform period (that is, duty cycle) or in units of time. For example, if you specify a pulse with 20% duty cycle and then enable PWM with a 5% deviation, the duty cycle variesfrom 15% to 25% under control of the modulating signal.

To change from pulse width to pulse duty cycle, press [Units].

For this example, you will specify a pulse width and pulse width deviation for a 1 kHz pulse waveform with a 5-Hz sine wave modulating waveform.

1. Select the carrier waveform parameters.

Press[Waveforms] > Pulse. Use the Frequency, Amplitude, Offset, Pulse Width and Edge Times softkeys to configure the carrier waveform. For this example, select a 1 kHz pulse waveform with an amplitude of 1 Vpp, zero offset, a pulse width of 100 µs, and an edge time of 50 ns (both leading and trailing).

2. Select PWM.

Press[Modulate] > Type > PWM. Then press the first softkey (Modulate) to turn modulation on. Notice the status message "PWM Modulated by Sine" in the upper-left corner of the display.

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3. Set the width deviation.

Pressthe Width Dev softkey and set the value to 20 µs using the numeric keypad or the knob and arrows.

4. Set the modulating frequency.

Pressthe PWM Freq softkey and then set the value to 5 Hz using the numeric keypad or the knob and arrows.

5. Select the modulating waveform shape.

PressShape to select the modulating waveform's shape. For this example, select a sine wave.

To view the actual PWM waveform, you would need to output it to an oscilloscope. If you do this, you will see how the pulse width varies, in this case, from 80 to 120 µs. At a modulation frequency of 5 Hz, the deviation is easily visible.

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Output a Frequency Sweep

In the frequency sweep mode, the instrument moves from the start frequency to the stop frequency at a sweep rate, which you specify. You can sweep up or down in frequency, and with either linear or logarithmic spacing, or using a list of frequencies. For this example, you will output a swept sine wave from 50 Hz to 5 kHz.

1. Select the function and amplitude for the sweep.

For sweeps, you can select sine, square, ramp, pulse, triangle, PRBS waveforms, or arbitrary waveforms (noise and DC are not allowed). For this example, select a sine wave with an amplitude of 5 Vpp.

2. Select the sweep mode.

Press[Sweep] and verify that the linear sweep mode iscurrently selected on the second softkey. Press the Sweep softkey to turn sweep on. Notice the Linear Sweep status message at the top of the tab for the current channel. The button isalso illuminated.

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3. Set the start frequency.

PressStart Freq and then set the value to 50 Hz using the numeric keypad or the knob and arrows.

4. Set the stop frequency.

PressStop Freq and set the value to 5 kHz using the numeric keypad or the knob and arrows.

At this point, the instrument outputs a continuous sweep from 50 Hz to 5 kHz if output is enabled.

You can also set the sweep frequency boundaries of the sweep using a center frequency and frequency span. These parameters are similar to the start frequency and stop frequency (above) and they provide added flexibility. To achieve the same results, set the center frequency to 2.525 kHz and the frequency span to 4.950 kHz.

To generate a frequency sweep, press [Trigger] twice. The first press puts the trigger in manual mode, and the second one sends a trigger. For more information, seeTrigger Sweep or Burst.

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Output a Burst Waveform

You can configure the instrument to output a waveform with for a specified number of cycles, called a burst. You can control the amount of time that elapses between bursts with the internal timer or the signal level on the rear-panel Ext Trig connector. For this example, you will output a three-cycle sine wave with a 20 ms burst period.

1. Select the function and amplitude for the burst.

For burst waveforms, you can select sine, square, ramp, pulse, arbitrary waveforms, triangle, or PRBS. Noise is allowed only in the "gated" burst mode and DC is not allowed. For this example, select a sine wave with an amplitude of 5 Vpp.

2. Select the burst mode.

Press[Burst] > Burst Off/On. Notice that a status message N Cycle Burst, Trig Imm is shown in the tab of the current channel.

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3. Set the burst count.

Press# of Cycles and set the count to "3" using the numeric keypad or knob. Press Enter to finish data entry if you are using the numeric keypad.

4. Set the burst period.

PressBurst Period and set the period to 20 ms using the numeric keypad or the knob and arrows. The burst period sets the time from the start of one burst to the start of the next burst. At this point, the instrument outputs a continuous three-cycle burst at 20 ms intervals.

You can generate a single burst (with the specified count) by pressing the [Trigger] key. For more information, see Trigger Sweep or Burst.

You can also use the external gate signal to create gated bursts, where a burst is produced while a gate signal is present on the input.

Trigger a Sweep or Burst

You can select one of four different types of triggers from the front panel for sweeps and bursts:

l Immediate or "automatic" (default): instrument outputs continuously when sweep or burst mode is

selected.

External: triggering controlled by rear panel Ext Trig connector.

Manual: initiates one sweep or burst each time you press[Trigger]. Continue pressing [Trigger] to retrigger instrument.

l Timer: issues one or more triggers a fixed time amount apart.

If sweep or burst is on, pressing [Trigger] displays the trigger menu. An illuminated [Trigger] key (solid or blinking) indicates that one or both channels are awaiting a manual trigger. Solid illumination occurs when the trigger menu isselected, and flashing illumination occurs when the trigger menu is not selected. The

[Trigger] key is disabled when the instrument is in remote.

Pressing [Trigger] when it is solidly illuminated causes a manual trigger. Pressing [Trigger] when it is flashing selects the trigger menu; a second press causes a manual trigger.

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Store or Retrieve the Instrument State

You can store instrument states in any number of state files, (extension .sta). You can do this for backup purposes, or you can save your state to a USB drive and load it on another instrument to have instruments with matching configurations. A stored state contains the selected function, frequency, amplitude, DC offset, duty cycle, symmetry, and any modulation or burst parameters in use. The instrument does not store volatile arbitrary waveforms.

Select the desired storage location.

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2. Press Name and specify the name for the selected location.

33500 Series

To add characters, press the right-cursor key until the cursor isto the right of the existing name and then turn the knob. To delete a character, rotate the knob until you get to the blank character before the capital A. To delete all characters from the cursor position to the end of the line, press [+/-]. You can enter numbers directly from the numeric keypad.

33600 Series

Use the front panel right and left arrows (under the knob) to select the characters to edit. You can go past the final character to add a newcharacter to the end. Then use the knob to select the desired character and use the arrows to move to the next character to edit.

You can delete one or more characters with the Delete Char and Clear Entry softkeys.

PressDone when you have finished entering the name.

Store the instrument state.

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To restore (retrieve) a stored state:

Front Panel Menu Reference

This chapter begins with an overview of the front panel menus. The remainder of this chapter contains examples of using the front panel menus.

Selects waveform

l Sine

l Square

l Ramp

l Pulse

l Arbitrary

l Triangle

l Noise

l PRBS

l DC

Configures waveform-specific parameters

l Period/Frequency

l Amplitude or High and Low Voltage

l Offset

l Phase

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l Duty Cycle

l Symmetry

l Pulse Width

l Edge Times

l Arbitrary Waveform

l Sample Rate

l Filter

l Arb Phase

l Bandwidth

l PRBSData

l Bit Rate

Operating Information

Specifies unit and parameter preferences

l Arb Rate: Sa/s, Freq or Period

l Voltage as Amplitude/Offset or High/Low

l Voltage units as Vpp, Vrms, or dBm

l Pulse Width or Duty Cycle

l Burst Phase as Degrees, Radians, or Seconds

l Arb Phase as Degrees, Radians, Seconds, or Samples

l Frequency sweep as Center/Span or Start/Stop

Configures modulation parameters

l Modulation on or off

l Modulation type: AM, FM, PM, PWM, BPSK, FSK, or Sum

l Modulation source

l Modulation parameters (vary by modulation type)

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Configures frequency sweep parameters

l Sweep on or off

l Sweep type: Linear, logarithmic or frequency list

l Sweep time

l Start/stop frequencies or center/span frequencies

l Dwell, hold, and return times

Configures burst parameters

l Burst on or off

l Burst mode: triggered (N Cycle) or externally-gated

l Cycles per burst (1 to 100,000,000 or infinite)

l Starting phase angle of burst (-360° to +360°)

l Burst period

Stores and recalls instrument states

l Store instrument states in non-volatile memory.

l Assign custom names to storage locations.

l Recall stored instrument states.

l Delete stored instrument states.

l Select the instrument’s power-on configuration (last power-down or factory default).

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Configures instrument I/O interfaces

l Turn LAN on and off

l Configure LAN (IP address and network configuration)

l Reset the LAN

l Specify USB settings

l Select GPIB address

Operating Information

Performs system administration tasks

l Perform self-test

l Calibrate instrument

l Clear instrument memory (NISPOM secure)

l Install licensed features

l Update firmware

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Configures system-related parameters

l Set screen layout

l Select local language for front panel messages and help text

l Select how periods and commas are used in numbers on display

l Turn display on and off

l Enable or disable error beeper

l Enable disable keypad click

l Enable or disable screen saver

l Adjust display brightness

l Set date and time

l Manage files and folders (copy, rename, delete, screen capture, and so on)

l Configure 10 MHz reference oscillator

Shows list of Help topics

l View last message displayed

l View remote command error queue

l Get help on any key

l Learn how to obtain technical support

l View "about" data - serial number, IP address, firmware version, and so on

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Enables and configures channels

l Turn channel on and off

l Specify which channel is the focus of the menus

l Select output termination (1 Ω to 10 kΩ, or Infinite)

l Enable / disable amplitude autoranging

l Select waveform polarity (normal or inverted)

l Specify voltage limits

l Specify whether output is normal or gated

l Configure dual channel operation (coupling, tracking, and combine)

Operating Information

Configures trigger settings and sync output signal

l Perform a manual trigger, when illuminated

l Specify the trigger source for sweep, burst or arbitrary waveform advance

l Specify the trigger voltage level, count, and delay

l Specify the slope (rising or falling edge) for an external trigger source

l Specify the slope (rising or falling edge) of the trigger output signal

l Enable / disable the signal output from the "Sync" connector

l Specify the Sync source, polarity, mode, marker point, and so on

LAN Configuration Procedure

There are several parameters that you might need to set to establish network communication using the LAN interface. Primarily, you will need to establish an IP address. You might need to contact your network administrator for help in establishing communication with the LAN interface.

1. Select the "I/O" menu.

Press[System] > I/O Config.

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2. Select the LAN Settings menu.

Pressthe LAN Settings softkey.

You can select Modify Settings to change the LAN settings, or you can turn LAN Services on and off or restore the LAN settings to default values.

This screen reflects the 33500 Series display. The 33600 Series also includes a LAN Status indicator in the upper right corner to indicate whether the LAN connection is good or faulty.

3. Press Modify Settings.

To access most items on this screen, use the first softkey to switch from DHCP to Manual. With DHCP on, an IP address will automatically be set by DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) when you connect the instrument to the network, provided the DHCP server is found and is able to do so. DHCP also automatically deals with the subnet mask and gateway address, if required. This is typically the easiest way to establish LAN communication for your instrument. All you need to do is leave DHCP on. Contact your LAN administrator for details.

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4. Establish an "IP Setup."

If you are not using DHCP (if the first softkey is set to Manual), you must establish an IP setup, including an IP address, and possibly a subnet mask and gateway address. The IP Address and

Subnet Mask buttons are on the main screen, and you pressMore to configure the Gateway.

Contact your network administrator for the IP address, subnet mask, and gateway to use. All IP addresses take the dot-notation form "nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn" where "nnn" in each case is a byte value in the range 0 through 255. You can enter a new IP address using the numeric keypad (not the knob). Just type in the numbers and the period delimitersusing the keypad. Use the left cursor key as a backspace key. Do not enter leading zeros.

5. Configure the "DNSSetup" (optional)

DNS (Domain Name Service)is an Internet service that translates domain names into IP addresses. Ask your network administrator whether DNS is in use, and if it is, for the host name, domain name, and DNS server address to use.

a. Set the "hostname." Press Host Name and enter the hostname. A hostname is the host portion of

the domain name, which is translated into an IP address. The hostname isentered as a string using the knob and cursor keys to select and change characters. The hostname may include letters, numbers, and dashes ("-"). You can use the keypad for the numeric characters only.

b. Set the "DNS Server" addresses. From the LAN configuration screen, press More to go to the

second of three sets of softkeys.

Enter the Primary DNS and Second DNS. See your network administrator for details.

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More about IP Addresses and Dot Notation

Dot-notation addresses ("nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn" where "nnn" is a byte value from 0 to 255) must be expressed with care, as most PC web software interprets byte values with leading zeros as octal (base 8) numbers. For example, "192.168.020.011" is actually equivalent to decimal "192.168.16.9" because ".020" is interpreted as "16" expressed in octal, and ".011" as "9". To avoid confusion, use only decimal values from 0 to 255, with no leading zeros.

Set Up an Arbitrary Waveform

The instrument includes an embedded waveform editor that allows you to create and edit arbitrary waveforms. You can create these waveforms by editing voltage values directly or by using an combination of up to 12 different kinds of standard waveforms.

The following tutorial creates and edits a basic waveform.

Insert Built-in Waveforms

1. Start the embedded waveform editor by pressing [Waveforms] > Arb > Arbs. Press Edit New, accept

the default file name, and then Start Editor. You now have a 0 VDC waveform of exactly 8 points (33500 Series) or 32 points (33600 Series).

The rest of this tutorial is based on the embedded waveform editor in a 33500 Series instrument, which has a minimum waveform size of 8 points. If you are using this tutorial on a 33600 Series instrument, please note that the minimum waveform size for the embedded waveform editor is 32 points.

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2. Press Insert Built-in > Choose Wave. Use the knob or the arrows below the knob to select D-Lorentz

and press OK. Use the keypad and the V softkey that appears when you start typing on the keypad to set the Amplitude to 2 V, and then press OK. The waveform now has 100 additional points, as the D- Lorentz waveform of 100 points was inserted in front of the initial waveform.

3. Suppose that you want to undo the change that you just made. Press [System] > Undo. You are now

back to the original 0 V waveform.

4. To put the D-Lorentz waveform back, press Redo. Then press Done to exit.

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5. Now we will insert a sine wave. Begin by pressing Choose Wave. Make sure Sine (the default) is

highlighted, and press OK. For help in understanding the various parameters on the screen, press

Parameter Help. Then press Done to exit the help screen.

6. Using the numeric keypad and the up and down arrow softkeys, set the Amplitude to 3.5 V, the

Cycles to 4, and the Points to 200. Leave all other settings at their default values and press OK.

7. Notice that the first softkey, Select Point # is highlighted. Put the marker on the 270th waveform

point by using the numeric keypad to enter the number 270 and pressing Enter.

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8. Press Choose Wave, select Square, and then press OK. Set the Amplitude to 3 V, the Offset to -2 V,

the Cycles to 8, and the Points to 100. Press OK. Notice that the 8 square wave cycles have been inserted, beginning at the marker. Press Done.

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Edit Waveform Characteristics

1. Press Edit Params and then set the Sampling Rate to 100 Sa/s. Press Cycle Period and notice that it

has been set to 4.08 seconds. This is because you have 408 sample points in the waveform, and the sample rate is 100 Sa/s.

2. Change the Cycle Period to 2.04 seconds and then press Sampling Rate. It will now be set to 200

Sa/s in order to play the 408 point waveform in 2.04 seconds.

3. Press Done to exit the parameter editing screen. Press Edit Points and notice that the Point # softkey

is highlighted. Enter the number 160 and press Enter to move the marker.

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4. Press Voltage and change the voltage of the selected point to 4.2 V. Press Point # and change the

point marker to 150 to move the marker off the point. When you press Enter to finish entering point 150, you will see the 4.2 V anomaly in the wave that you just created at point 160.

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Zoom and Pan

1. To see the point in detail, press[System] > Pan/Zoom Control. Notice that the first softkey is set to

Horizontal, meaning that the zooming that we are about to do will be along the horizontal (time) axis.

Change the Zoom to 500%, and the sine wave anomaly will be more obvious.

2. Now set the first softkey to Vertical to zoom vertically. Set the Zoom to 500%. Notice that we have

zoomed in on the voltage axis, but we are too low to see the 4.2 V anomaly in the sine wave.

3. Press Pan and set the Pan to 3 V in order to move higher on the waveform. The 4.2 V point is now

clearly visible.

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4. To see the entire waveform again, press Show All. Then press Done and Done again to return to the

Edit Points screen.

Insert, Remove, Copy and Paste Points

1. Press Insert Point 15 times and watch the display carefully. You will see 15 new waveform points at

the same voltage level.

2. Change the Point # to 220 and press Remove Point 20 times, watching the display carefully as you

do so in order to see the points being removed from the waveform.

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3. You can also edit points by using a table of voltages. Press Advanced Edit > Edit Via Table. Set Point

# to 200, and then set the Voltage for point 200 to 3 V. Use the knob to move between rows and set

the Voltage for points 205 and 210 to 3 V. Press Done.

Notice the three 3 V spikes that you just made in the waveform at points 200, 205, and 210.

5. Press Cut/Copy Paste, and set Marker 1 to 150. Then press the first softkey and change the Marker

to Marker 2. Set Marker 2 to 300. The range defined by the markers is now highlighted in black.

6. Press Copy, then Paste, and then At Start. Notice that section you copied is now duplicated at the

beginning of the waveform.

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7. Now press Paste > At End. The same section of the waveform now also appears at the very end.

8. Now press Paste and change the Point # to 500. Then press OK, and the same portion of the

waveform will be pasted in at point 500. Press Done to leave the Cut/Copy Paste menu.

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Perform Math

The embedded waveform editor allows you to perform mathematical operations on the waveform. First you set markers to define the range of the waveform that you want to modify. You can then add, subtract or multiply that portion of the waveform by another waveform, or you can transform the waveform in ways that do not involve other waveforms.

1. Press Perform Math. Set Marker 1 to 400 and Marker 2 to 500.

2. Press Add, then select Haversine and OK. Set the Amplitude to 3 V, the Offset to 0 V, and press OK.

Notice that the highlighted section now rises in the middle as a result of the Haversine addition.

3. Now press Multiply and select the Sine wave (press OK). Set the Cycles to 2 and press OK.

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4. Now set Marker 1 to 200 and Marker 2 to 600.

5. Press Advanced Math > Mirror > OK.

Operating Information

6. Continue learning about the interface by trying other Advanced Math features, such as Invert,

Absolute, Scale, and so on. Press Operation Help for more information.

Features and Functions

This section contains details on instrument features, including front panel and remote interface operation. You may want to read Front Panel Menu Reference first. See SCPI Programming Reference for details on SCPI commands and queries. Thissection covers:

Output Configuration

Pulse Waveforms

Amplitude Modulation (AM) and Frequency Modulation (FM)

Phase Modulation (PM)

Frequency-Shift Keying (FSK) Modulation

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)

Sum Modulation

Frequency Sweep

Burst Mode

Triggering

Dual Channel Operations

IQ Player (Optional)

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System-Related Operations

Remote Interface Configuration

External Timebase Reference

Embedded Waveform Editor

Throughout this document, "default" states and values are identified. These are the power-on default

states provided you have not enabled the power-down recall mode (see Instrument State Storage).

Output Configuration

This section describes output channel configuration. Many commands associated with output configuration start with SOURce1: or SOURce2: to indicate a certain channel. If omitted, the default is channel 1. For example, VOLT 2.5 sets the output on channel 1 to 2.5 V, and SOUR2:VOLT 2.5 does the same for channel 2.

The instrument's display includes a "tab" for each channel that summarizes various aspects of each channel's output configuration:

On a two-channel instrument, the tab for channel 1 will be yellow, and the tab for channel 2 will be green.

Output Function

The instrument includes eight standard waveforms: sine, square, ramp, pulse, triangle, noise, PRBS (pseudo-random binary sequence), and DC. There are also nine built-in arbitrary waveforms, and you can create custom waveforms with the embedded waveform editor.

The table below shows which functions are allowed (•) with modulation, sweep, and burst. Selecting a function that isnot allowed with a modulation or mode disables the modulation or mode.

Carrier AM FM PM FSK BPSK PWM Sum Burst Sweep

Sine and Square • • • • • • • •

Pulse • • • • • • • • •

Triangle and Ramp • • • • • • • •

Gaussian Noise • • •

PRBS • • • • •

Arbitrary Waveform • • •

•

• • •

Sequence • •

(a) Gated burst only

(b) Applies to sample clock, not whole waveform

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l Frequency Limitations: Changing functions may change the frequency to meet the new function's

frequency limits.

l Amplitude Limitations: When the output units are Vrms or dBm, changing functions may lower the

amplitude to the maximum for the newfunction due to variation in waveform shapes. For example, a 5 Vrms square wave (into 50 Ω) changed to a sine will decrease to 3.536 Vrms (sine’s upper limit).

l Amplitude and offset cannot combine to exceed the instrument’s capability. The one you set last may

be changed to stay within limits.

l You may protect a device under test (DUT) by specifying upper and lower output voltage limits.

Front Panel:

To select another waveform:

l For example, to specify a DC signal:

To produce the DC output:

SCPI: [SOURce[1|2]:]FUNCtion <function>

The APPLy command configures a waveform with one command.

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Output Frequency

The output frequency range depends on the function, model, and output voltage, as shown here. The default frequency is 1 kHz for all functions, and the minimum frequencies are shown in the table below.

Function Minimum Frequency

Sine 1 µHz

Square 1 µHz

Ramp/Tri. 1 µHz

Pulse 1 µHz

PRBS 1 µbps

Arbitrary 1 µSa/s

l Frequency Limitations: Changing functions may change the frequency to meet the new function's

frequency limits. Arbitrary waveforms retain their last frequency setting.

l Burst Limitation: For internally-triggered bursts, the minimum frequency is 126 µHz.

l Duty Cycle Limitations: For Square and Pulse, Duty Cycle on the 33500 Series is limited by the 16-ns

minimum pulse width specification. For example, at 1 kHz, Duty Cycle may be set as low as 0.01%, because that would result in a pulse width of 100 ns. At 1 MHz, the minimum Duty Cycle is 1.6%, and at 10 MHz it is 16%. Changing to a frequency that cannot produce the current duty cycle will adjust the duty cycle to meet the minimum pulse width specification.

On the 33500 Series, the minimum pulse width is 16 ns. On the 33600 Series, the minimum pulse width is 5 ns up to 4 Vpp and 8 ns up to 10 Vpp.

Front Panel:

SCPI: [SOURce[1|2]:]FREQuency {<frequency>|MINimum|MAXimum|DEFault}

The APPLy command configures a waveform with one command.

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Output Amplitude

The default amplitude is 100 mVpp (into 50 Ω) for all functions.

l Offset Voltage Limitations: The relationship between amplitude and offset is shown below. Vmax is ±5

V for a 50 Ω load or ±10 V for a high-impedance load.

Vpp < 2(Vmax – |Voffset|)

l Limits Due to Output Termination: If the amplitude is 10 Vpp and you change the output termination

setting from 50 Ω to "high impedance" (OUTPut[1|2]:LOADINF), the displayed amplitude doubles to 20 Vpp. Changing from "high impedance" to 50 Ω halves the displayed amplitude. The output termination setting does not affect the actual output voltage; it only changes the values displayed and queried from the remote interface. Actual output voltage depends on the connected load.

l Limits Due to Units Selection: Amplitude limits are sometimes determined by the output units

selected. This may occur when the units are Vrms or dBm due to the differences in various functions' crest factors. For example, if you change a 5 Vrms square wave (into 50 Ω) to a sine wave, the instrument will adjust the amplitude to 3.536 Vrms (the upper limit for sine in Vrms). The remote interface will also generate a "Settings conflict" error.

l You can set the output amplitude in Vpp, Vrms, or dBm. You cannot specify output amplitude in dBm

if output termination is set to high impedance. See Output Units for details.

l Arbitrary Waveform Limitations: For arbitrary waveforms, amplitude is limited if the waveform data

points do not span the full range of the output DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter). For example, the built-in "Sinc" waveform does not use the full range of values, so its maximum amplitude is limited to

6.087 Vpp (into 50 Ω).

l Changing amplitude may briefly disrupt output at certain voltages due to output attenuator

switching. The amplitude is controlled, however, so the output voltage will never exceed the current setting while switching ranges. To prevent this disruption, disable voltage autoranging using

VOLTage:RANGe:AUTO OFF. The APPLy command automatically enables autoranging.

l Setting the high and low levels also sets the waveform amplitude and offset. For example, if you set

the high level to +2 V and the low level to -3 V, the resulting amplitude is 5 Vpp, with a -500 mV offset.

l A DC signal's output level iscontrolled by the offset voltage (DC Offset Voltage). The DC level may be

between ±5 V into a 50 Ω load or ±10 V with a high-impedance load.

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Front Panel:

To use a high level and low level instead:

SCPI:

[SOURce[1|2]:]VOLTage {<amplitude>|MINimum|MAXimum|DEFault}

[SOURce[1|2]:]VOLTage:HIGH {<voltage>|MINimum|MAXimum|DEFault}

[SOURce[1|2]:]VOLTage:LOW {<voltage>|MINimum|MAXimum|DEFault}

The APPLy command configures a waveform with one command.

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DC Offset Voltage

The default offset is 0 V for all functions.

l Limits Due to Amplitude: The relationship between offset voltage and output amplitude isshown

below. The peak output voltage (DC plus AC) cannot exceed the instrument output rating (±5 V into 50 Ω load, or ±10 V into an open circuit).

l The relationship between offset voltage and output amplitude is shown below. Vmax is the maximum

peak voltage for the selected output termination (5 V for a 50 Ω load or 10 V for a high-impedance load).

|Voffset| < Vmax - Vpp/2

If the specified offset voltage is not valid, the instrument will adjust it to the maximum DC voltage allowed with the specified amplitude. From the remote interface, a "Data out of range" error will also be generated.

l Limits Due to Output Termination: The offset range depends on the output termination setting. For

example, if you set offset to 100 mVDC and then change output termination from 50 Ω to "high impedance," the offset voltage displayed on the front panel doubles to 200 mVDC (no error is generated). If you change from "high impedance" to 50 Ω, the displayed offset voltage will be halved. See OUTPut[1|2]:LOAD for details. Changing the output termination setting does not change the voltage present at the output terminals of the instrument. This only changes the displayed values on the front panel and the values queried from the remote interface. The voltage present at the instrument's output depends on the load connected to the instrument. See OUTPut[1|2]:LOAD for details.

l Arbitrary Waveform Limitations: For arbitrary waveforms, amplitude is limited if the waveform data

6.087 Vpp (into 50 Ω).

l Setting the high and low levels also sets the waveform amplitude and offset. For example, if you set

the high level to +2 V and the low level to -3 V, the resulting amplitude is 5 Vpp, with a -500 mV offset.

l To output a DC voltage level, select the DC voltage function (FUNCtion DC) and then set the offset

voltage (VOLTage:OFFSet). Valid values are between ±5 VDC into 50 Ω or ±10 VDC into an open circuit. While the instrument isin DC mode, setting amplitude has no effect.

Front Panel:

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SCPI:

[SOURce[1|2]:]VOLTage:OFFSet {<offset>|MINimum|MAXimum|DEFault}

[SOURce[1|2]:]VOLTage:HIGH {<voltage>|MINimum|MAXimum|DEFault}

[SOURce[1|2]:]VOLTage:LOW {<voltage>|MINimum|MAXimum|DEFault}

The APPLy command configures a waveform with one command.

Output Units

Applies to output amplitude only.

l Output units: Vpp (default), Vrms, or dBm.

l Setting is volatile.

l Units selection applies to front panel and remote interface operations. For example, if you select

"VRMS" remotely, the units are displayed as "VRMS" on the front panel.

l Amplitude units cannot be dBm if output termination set to high impedance. Calculating dBm

requires finite load impedance. In this case, units are converted to Vpp.

l You can convert between units. For example, to convert 2 Vpp to Vrms equivalent:

The converted value is 707.1 mVrms for a sine wave.

Front Panel:

SCPI: [SOURce[1|2]:]VOLTage:UNIT {VPP|VRMS|DBM}

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Output Termination

l Output termination: 1 Ωto 10 kΩ, or infinite. The default is 50 Ω. The tab at the top of each channel

indicates the value of this setting.

l If you specify a 50 Ω termination but actually terminate into an open circuit, the output will be twice

the value specified. For example, if you set the DC offset to 100 mVDC (and specify a 50 Ωload) but terminate into an open circuit, the actual offset will be 200 mVDC.

l Changing output termination setting, adjusts displayed output amplitude and offset (no error is

generated). If the amplitude is 10 Vpp and you change the output termination setting from 50 Ωto "high impedance" (OUTPut[1|2]:LOADINF), the displayed amplitude doubles to 20 Vpp. Changing from "high impedance" to 50 Ω halves the displayed amplitude. The output termination setting does not affect the actual output voltage; it only changes the values displayed and queried from the remote interface. Actual output voltage depends on the connected load.

The output load can affect signal quality for pulse or other functions with high-speed transitions. High load resistance can produce reflections.

l Units are converted to Vpp if output termination ishigh impedance.

l You cannot change output termination with voltage limits enabled, because instrument cannot know

which termination setting the limits apply to. Instead, disable voltage limits, set the new termination value, adjust voltage limits, and re-enable voltage limits.

Front Panel:

SCPI: OUTPut[1|2]:LOAD {<ohms>|INFinity|MINimum|MAXimum|DEFault}

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Duty Cycle (Square Waves)

A square wave’s duty cycle isthe fraction of time per cycle that the waveform is at a high level (assuming the waveform isnot inverted). (See Pulse Waveforms for pulse duty cycle details.)

20% Duty Cycle 80% Duty Cycle

l Duty Cycle:0.01% to 99.99% at low frequencies; range reduced at higher frequency. Stored in volatile

memory; default 50%.

l This setting is remembered when you change to another function. A 50% duty cycle isalways used for

a modulating square waveform; the duty cycle setting applies only to a square wave carrier.

Front Panel:

If you use the keypad, press Percent to finish:

SCPI: [SOURce[1|2]:]FUNCtion:SQUare:DCYCle {<percent>|MINimum|MAXimum}

The APPLy command sets the duty cycle to 50%.

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Symmetry (Ramp Waves)

Applies to ramp waves only. Symmetry represents the fraction of each cycle that the ramp wave is rising (assuming waveform is not inverted).

0% Symmetry 100% Symmetry

l The symmetry (default 100%) is stored in volatile memory; and is remembered when you change to

and from other waveforms.

l When ramp is the modulating waveform for AM, FM, PM, or PWM, the symmetry setting does not

apply.

Front Panel:

Then choose one of the following options. The Symmetry option allows you to use the knob or keypad to specify a value.

If you use the keypad, press Percent to finish:

SCPI: [SOURce[1|2]:]FUNCtion:RAMP:SYMMetry {<percent>|MINimum|MAXimum|DEFault}

The APPLy command sets the symmetry to 100%.

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Voltage Autoranging

Autoranging is enabled by default and the instrument selects optimal attenuator settings. With autoranging disabled, the instrument uses the current attenuator settings and does not switch attenuator relays.

l You can disable autoranging to eliminate momentary disruptions caused by attenuator switching

while changing amplitude. However:

l The amplitude and offset accuracy and resolution (and waveform fidelity) may be adversely affected

when reducing the amplitude below a range change that would occur with autoranging on.

l You may not achieve minimum amplitude with autoranging on.

l Some instrument specifications do not apply with autoranging off.

Front Panel:

SCPI: [SOURce[1|2]:]VOLTage:RANGe:AUTO {OFF|0|ON|1|ONCE}

The APPLy command always enables autoranging.

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Output Control

By default, channel output is disabled at power on to protect other equipment. To enable a channel's output, see below. When channel output is enabled, the corresponding channel button is lit.

l If an external circuit applies excessive voltage to a channel output connector, the instrument

generates an error message and disables the output. To re-enable output, remove the overload and turn the channel on again.

Front Panel:

SCPI: OUTPut[1|2] {ON|1|OFF|0}

The APPLy command always enables the channel output connector.

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Waveform Polarity

In normal mode (default), the waveform goes positive at the beginning of the cycle. Inverted mode does the opposite.

l As shown below, the waveform is inverted relative to the offset voltage. The offset voltage remains

unchanged when the waveform is inverted.

No Offset Voltage With Offset Voltage

The Sync signal associated with an inverted waveform is not inverted.

Front Panel:

SCPI: OUTPut[1|2]:POLarity {NORMal|INVerted}

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Sync Output Signal

A sync output is provided on the front panel Sync connector. All of the standard output functions (except DC and noise)have an associated Sync signal. For applications where you may not want to output the

Sync signal, you can disable the Sync connector. The Sync signal may be derived from either output

channel in a two-channel instrument.

General Behavior

By default, the Sync signal is derived from channel 1 and is routed to the Sync connector (enabled).

When the Sync signal is disabled, the output level on the Sync connector is at a logic "low."

The polarity of the Sync signal isspecified by OUTPut:SYNC:POLarity {INVerted|NORMal}.

Inverting a waveform (see Waveform Polarity), does not invert the associated Sync signal .

For sine, pulse, ramp, square, and triangle waves, the Sync signal is a square wave that is "high" in the first half of the cycle and "low" in the last half. The Sync signal’s voltages are TTL-compatible when its load impedance exceeds 1 kΩ.

For arbitrary waveforms, the Sync signal rises at the beginning of the waveform and falls at the middle of the arbitrary waveform. You can override this default behavior by using MARKer:POINt to specify the point within the arbitrary waveform at which the Sync signal transitions to "low."

Modulation

For internally-modulated AM, FM, PM, and PWM, the Sync signal is normally referenced to the modulating waveform (not the carrier) and is a square waveform with a 50% duty cycle. The Sync signal is a TTL "high" during the first half of the modulating waveform. You can set up the Sync signal to follow the carrier waveform by using the command OUTPut:SYNC:MODE

{CARRier|NORMal|MARKer} when modulating with internal modulation.

For externally-modulated AM, FM, PM, and PWM, the Sync signal is referenced to the carrier waveform (not the modulating waveform) and is a square waveform with a 50% duty cycle.

You can override normal sync behavior to force Sync to always follow the carrier waveform (OUTPut

[1|2]:SYNC:MODE CARRier).

For FSK, the Sync signal is referenced to the FSK rate. The Sync signal isa TTL "high" on the transition to the "hop" frequency.

Sweep

The Sync signal isa TTL "high" at the beginning of the sweep and goes "low" at the sweep'smidpoint. The Sync signal issynchronized with the sweep, but is not equal to the sweep time because its timing includes the re-arm time.

For frequency sweeps with Marker On, the Sync signal is a TTL "high" at the beginning of the sweep and a "low" at the marker frequency. You can change this with OUTPut[1|2]:SYNC:MODE MARKER.

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Burst

For a triggered burst, the Sync signal is a TTL "high" when the burst begins. The Sync signal is a TTL "low" at the end of the specified number of cycles (may not be the zero-crossing point if the waveform has an associated start phase). For an infinite count burst, the Sync signal isthe same as for a continuous waveform.

For an externally-gated burst, the Sync signal follows the external gate signal. However, the signal will not go "low" until the end of the last cycle (may not be a zero-crossing if the waveform has an associated start phase).

Configuring Sync Output

Front Panel:

To toggle Sync off and on:

To configure Sync:

SCPI:

OUTPut:SYNC {ON|1|OFF|0}

OUTPut[1|2]:SYNC:MODE {NORMal|CARRier|MARKer}

OUTPut[1|2]:SYNC:POLarity {NORMal|INVerted}

OUTPut:SYNC:SOURce {CH1|CH2}

Pulse Waveforms

As shown below, a pulse or square wave consists of a period, a pulse width, a rising edge, and a falling edge.

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Period

l Period: reciprocal of maximum frequency to 1,000,000 s. The default is 1 ms.

l The instrument adjusts the pulse width and edge time as needed to accommodate the specified

period.

Front Panel:

Select Pulse waveform:

Select period instead of frequency:

Set the period:

SCPI: [SOURce[1|2]:]FUNCtion:PULSe:PERiod {<seconds>|MINimum|MAXimum|DEFault}

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Pulse Width

Pulse width is the time from the 50% threshold of a pulse's rising edge to the 50% threshold of the next falling edge.

l Pulse width: up to 1,000,000 s (see restrictions below). The default pulse width is 100 μs. The

minimum pulse width is 16 ns on the 33500 Series and 5 ns up to 4 Vpp or 8 ns up to 10 Vpp on the 33600 Series.

l The specified pulse width must also be less than the difference between the period and the minimum

pulse width.

l The instrument will adjust the pulse width to accommodate the specified period.

Front Panel:

SCPI: [SOURce[1|2]:]FUNCtion:PULSe:WIDTh {<seconds>|MINimum|MAXimum|DEFault}

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Pulse Duty Cycle

The pulse duty cycle is defined as follows:

Duty Cycle = 100(Pulse Width)/Period

Pulse width is the time from the 50% threshold of a pulse's rising edge to the 50% threshold of the next falling edge.

l Pulse duty cycle: 0.01% to 99.99% (see restrictions below). The default is 10%.

l The pulse duty cycle must conform to the following restrictions determined by the minimum pulse

width (Wmin). The instrument will adjust the pulse duty cycle to accommodate the specified period.

Duty Cycle > 100(Minimum Pulse Width) / Period

and

Duty Cycle < 100(1 – (Minimum Pulse Width/ Period))

The minimum pulse width is 16 ns on the 33500 Series and 5 ns up to 4 Vpp or 8 ns up to 10 Vpp on the 33600 Series.

l The longer the edges, the greater the minimum pulse width. Longer edges will therefore restrict duty

cycle more than shorter edges.

Front Panel:

Select pulse function:

Toggle to Duty Cycle:

Enter the Duty Cycle:

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SCPI: [SOURce[1|2]:]FUNCtion:PULSe:DCYCle {<percent>|MINimum|MAXimum|DEFault}

Edge Times

The edge times set the transition times for the leading and trailing edges of the pulse, either independently or together. The edge time represents the time between the 10% and 90% thresholds.

l Edge time: Minimum of 8.4 ns on the 33500 Series, and 2.9 ns up to 4 Vpp, or 3.3 ns up to 10 Vpp on

the 33600 Series. Maximum of 1 μs and default 10 ns.

l The specified edge time must fit within the specified pulse width as shown above. The instrument will

adjust the edge time to accommodate the specified pulse width.

Front Panel:

SCPI:

[SOURce[1|2]:]FUNCtion:PULSe:TRANsition:LEADing {<seconds>|MINimum|MAXimum|DEFault}

[SOURce[1|2]:]FUNCtion:PULSe:TRANsition:TRAiling {<seconds>|MINimum|MAXimum|DEFault}

[SOURce[1|2]:]FUNCtion:PULSe:TRANsition[:BOTH] {<seconds>|MINimum|MAXimum|DEFault}

Amplitude Modulation (AM) and Frequency Modulation (FM)

A modulated waveform consists of a carrier waveform and a modulating waveform. In AM, the carrier amplitude is varied by the voltage level of the modulating waveform. In FM, the carrier frequency is varied by the voltage level of the modulating waveform. The instrument accepts an internal or external modulation source. On a two-channel instrument, one channel can modulate the other.

Select AM or FM before setting up any other modulation parameter. For more information on modulation, see Modulation.

To Select AM or FM

l The instrument allows only one modulation mode to be enabled on a channel. When you enable AM

or FM, all other modulations are off. On two-channel models, the two channels’ modulations are independent from one another, and the instrument can add modulated waveforms from two channels. See PHASe:SYNChronize and COMBine:FEED for details.

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