Sharp EL-W506, EL-W516, EL-W546 Owner Manual

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Sharp EL-W506, EL-W516, EL-W546 Owner Manual

ENGLISH

SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR

EL-W506

EL-W516

MODEL EL-W546

OPERATION MANUAL

PRINTED IN CHINA / IMPRIMÉ EN CHINE / IMPRESO EN CHINA 07HGK (TINSE1307EHZZ)

INTRODUCTION

Thank you for purchasing the SHARP Scientific Calculator Model EL-W506/W516/W546.

About the calculation examples (including some formulas and tables), refer to the calculation example sheet. Refer to the number on the right of each title in the manual for use.

After reading this manual, store it in a convenient location for future reference.

Notes:

Some of the models described in this manual may not be available in some countries.

This product uses a period as a decimal point.

Operational Notes

Do not carry the calculator around in your back pocket, as it may break when you sit down. The display is made of glass and is particularly fragile.

Keep the calculator away from extreme heat such as on a car dashboard or near a heater, and avoid exposing it to excessively humid or dusty environments.

Since this product is not waterproof, do not use it or store it where fl uids, for example water, can splash onto it. Raindrops, water spray, juice, coffee, steam, perspiration, etc. will also cause malfunction.

Clean with a soft, dry cloth. Do not use solvents or a wet cloth.

Do not drop it or apply excessive force.

Never dispose of batteries in a fi re.

Keep batteries out of the reach of children.

For the sake of your health, try not to use this product for long periods of time. If you need to use the product for an extended period, be sure to allow your eyes, hands, arms, and body adequate rest periods (about 10–15 minutes every hour).

If you experience any pain or fatigue while using this product, discontinue use immediately. If the discomfort continues, please consult a doctor.

This product, including accessories, may change due to upgrading without prior notice.

NOTICE

SHARP strongly recommends that separate permanent written records be kept of all important data. Data may be lost or altered in virtually any electronic memory product under certain circumstances. Therefore, SHARP assumes no responsibility for data lost or otherwise rendered unusable whether as a result of improper use, repairs, defects, battery replacement, use after the specified battery life has expired, or any other cause.

SHARP will not be liable nor responsible for any incidental or consequential economic or property damage caused by misuse and/or malfunctions of this product and its peripherals, unless such liability is acknowledged by law.

Press the RESET switch (on the back), with the tip of a ball-point pen or similar object, only in the following cases:

When using for the fi rst time

After replacing the battery

To clear all memory contents

When an abnormal condition occurs and all keys are inoperative

Do not use an object with a breakable or sharp tip. Note that pressing the RESET switch erases all data stored in memory.

If service should be required on this calculator, use only a SHARP servicing dealer, SHARP approved service facility, or SHARP repair service where available.

Hard Case

Remove the hard case, holding it with your fi ngers in the positions shown below.

DISPLAY

Symbol

Dot matrix display

Mantissa Exponent

During actual use, not all symbols are displayed at the same time.

Only the symbols required for the usage currently being explained are shown in the display and calculation examples in this manual.

/ :

Indicates that some contents are hidden in the

/

directions shown.

2ndF:

Appears when @is pressed, indicating that the

 

functions shown in orange are enabled.

HYP:

Indicates that Hhas been pressed and the

 

hyperbolic functions are enabled. If @>is

 

pressed, the symbols 2ndF HYP appear, indicating that

 

inverse hyperbolic functions are enabled.

ALPHA: Indicates that ;, xor thas been pressed, and entry (recall) of memory contents and recall of statistics can be performed.

DEG/RAD/GRAD: Indicates angular units.

BUSY: Appears during the execution of a calculation.

W-VIEW: Indicates that the WriteView editor is selected.

M: Indicates that a numerical value is stored in the independent memory (M).

/: Indicates the mode of expression for results in CPLX mode.

ENG/SCI/FIX/N2/N1: Indicates the notation used to display a value and changes by SET UP menu. N1 is displayed on-screen as “NORM1”, and N2 as “NORM2”.

BEFORE USING THE CALCULATOR

When using for the fi rst time, press the RESET switch (on the back), with the tip of a ball-point pen or similar object.

Adjusting the Display Contrast

Press @J3, then +or &to adjust the contrast. Press jto exit.

Power On and Off

Press jto turn the calculator on. The data that was onscreen when the power was turned off will appear on the display. Press @oto turn the calculator off.

Key Notations Used in this Manual

In this manual, key operations are described as follows:

To specify ex: @"

To specify ln: i

To specify E: ;E

Functions that are printed in orange above the key require @to be pressed fi rst before the key. When you specify the memory, press ;fi rst. Numbers for input values are not shown as keys, but as ordinary numbers.

Functions that are printed in gray adjacent to the keys are effective in specifi c modes.

The multiplication operator “×” is differentiated from the letter “X” in this manual as follows:

To specify the multiplication operator: k

To specify the letter “X”: ;X

The WriteView and Line Editors

This calculator has the following two editors in NORMAL mode: WriteView and Line. You can select between them in the SET UP menu.

The WriteView editor (default)

The Line editor

Notes:

The WriteView Editor is only available in NORMAL mode.

In certain calculation examples, where you see the o symbol, the key operations and calculation results are shown as they would appear in the Line editor.

Clearing the Entry and Memories

Operation

Entry

A–F,

F1–F4,

ANS STAT*3

matA–D*4

 

 

(Display) M, X,Y*1 D1–D4*2

L1–L4*5

j

×

×

×

×

×

@Z

×

×

Mode selection (b)

×

×

×

×*6

@P0*7

○ × × × × ×

@P10*7

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

@P20*7,*8

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

RESET switch*8

○: Clear ×: Retain

 

 

 

 

 

 

*1

Press jxand then choose a memory to clear one

 

variable memory.

 

 

 

 

 

 

*2

Formula memories and defi nable memories. See “Memory

 

Calculations”.

 

 

 

 

 

 

*3

Statistical data (entered data)

 

 

 

 

 

*4

Matrix memories (matA, matB, matC, and matD)

 

 

*5

List memories (L1, L2, L3, and L4)

 

 

 

 

*6

Cleared when changing between sub-modes in STAT mode.

*7

See “Memory clear key”.

 

 

 

 

 

*8

The username you stored using the name display function will

 

be cleared as well.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Memory clear key

Press @Pto display the menu.

To initialize the display settings, press 0. The parameters are set as follows:

Angular unit: DEG

Display notation: NORM1

N-base: DEC

To clear all variables and memories (A−F, M, X, Y, F1−F4, D1−D4, ANS, STAT, matA−D, and L1−L4) at once, press 10.

To RESET the calculator, press 20. The RESET operation will erase all data stored in memory and restore the calculator’s default settings. You can do the same thing by pressing the RESET switch on the back of the calculator.

Mode Selection

d

NORMAL mode: b0(default)

Used to perform arithmetic operations and function calculations.

STAT mode: b1

Used to perform statistical operations.

DRILL mode: b2

Used to practice math and multiplication table drills.

CPLX mode: b3

Used to perform complex number calculations.

MATRIX mode: b4

Used to perform matrix calculations.

LIST mode: b5

Used to perform list calculations.

EQUATION mode: b6

Used to solve equations.

SET UP Menu

Press @Jto display the

SET UP menu.

Press jto exit the SET UP menu.

Determination of the angular unit

The following three angular units (degrees, radians, and grads) can be specifi ed.

DEG (°): @J00(default)

RAD (rad): @J01

GRAD (g): @J02

Selecting the display notation and decimal places

1

Five display notation systems are used to display calculation results: Two settings of Floating point (NORM1 and NORM2), Fixed decimal point (FIX), Scientific notation (SCI), and Engineering notation (ENG).

When @J10(FIX) or @J12 (ENG) is pressed, “TAB(0–9)?” will be displayed and the number of decimal places (TAB) can be set to any value between 0 and 9.

When @J11(SCI) is pressed, “SIG(0–9)?” will be displayed and the number of significant digits can be set to any value between 0 and 9. Entering 0 will set a 10-digit display.

Setting the ßoating point number system in scientiÞc notation

Two settings are used to display a fl oating-point number: NORM1 (the default) and NORM2. A number is automatically displayed in scientific notation outside a preset range:

NORM1 (@J13): 0.000000001|x|9,999,999,999

NORM2 (@J14): 0.01|x|9,999,999,999

Selecting the editor

Two editors are available in NORMAL mode:

The WriteView editor (W-VIEW): @J20(default)

The Line editor (LINE): @J21

Note: Any entries will be cleared when you change the editor.

Adjusting the display contrast

Press @J3, then +or &to adjust the contrast. Press jto exit.

Insert and overwrite entry methods

When using the Line editor, you can change the entry method from “INSERT” (the default) to “OVERWRITE”.

After you switch to the overwrite method (by pressing @J 41), the triangular cursor will change to a rectangular one, and the number or function underneath it will be overwritten as you make entries.

Name display function

You can save a username in this calculator. When you turn the power off, the saved username is displayed momentarily.

Up to 32 characters may be saved, split over two lines. Entering and editing the username:

1.Press @J5. The editing screen appears with a fl ashing cursor.

2.Use uand dto scroll

through the available characters. The following characters can be entered (listed in the order that they appear): Letters (A to Z, uppercase only), numbers (0 to 9), slash (/), hyphen (-), colon (:), apostrophe (’), comma (,), period (.), and space ( ).

Press @uto jump to “A”, and press @dor jto jump to the space.

3.Pressing lor rmoves the cursor to the left or right. To modify a character, use lor rto move the cursor to the character, then select another character using uor d.

Press @lor @rto jump to the beginning of the fi rst line or the end of the second.

4.Repeat steps 2 and 3 above to continue entering characters.

5.Press =to save.

Note: Press @Z in the editing screen to clear all the characters.

ENTERING, DISPLAYING, AND EDITINGTHE EQUATION 2

The WriteView Editor

Entry and display

In the WriteView editor, you can enter and display fractions or certain functions as you would write them.

Notes:

The WriteView editor can only be used in NORMAL mode.

If the equation grows too large, it may extend off the edge of the display after you obtain the result. If you want to see the entire equation, press lor rto return to the editing screen.

Displaying calculation results

When possible, calculation results will be displayed using fractions, r, and π. When you press U, the display will cycle through the following display styles:

Mixed fractions (with or without π) → improper fractions (with or without π) → decimal numbers

Proper fractions (with or without π) → decimal numbers

Irrational numbers (square roots, fractions made using square roots) → decimal numbers

Notes:

In the following cases, calculation results may be displayed using r:

Arithmetic operations and memory calculations

Trigonometric calculations

In trigonometric calculations,

 

Entry value

 

when entering values such as

DEG

multiples of 15

 

those in the table to the right,

 

RAD

1

 

results may be shown using r.

multiples of 12 π

 

GRAD

50

 

 

Calculation results may extend

multiples of

 

3

 

 

off the edges of the screen. You can see those parts by pressing lor r(depending on whether the left or right portion is hidden).

Improper/proper fractions will be converted to and displayed as decimal numbers if the number of digits used in their expression is greater than nine. In the case of mixed fractions, the maximum number of displayable digits (including integers) is eight.

If the number of digits in the denominator of a fractional result that uses π is greater than three, the result is

converted to and displayed as a decimal number.

The Line Editor

Entry and display

In the Line editor, you can enter and display equations line by line. Notes:

Up to three lines of text may be viewed on the screen at one time.

If the length of the equation exceeds three lines, parts of it may be hidden from view after calculation. If you want to see the rest of the equation, press lor rto return to the editing screen.

In the Line editor, calculation results are displayed in decimal form or line fraction notation if possible.

Editing the Equation

Just after obtaining an answer, pressing lbrings you to the end of the equation and pressing rbrings you to the beginning. Press l, r, u, or dto move the cursor. Press @lor @rto jump the cursor to the beginning or the end of the equation.

In the WriteView editor, you can use uand dto move the cursor up and down—between the numerator and denominator, for example.

Back space and delete key

To delete a number or function, move the cursor to the right of it, then press N. You can also delete a number or function that the cursor is directly over by pressing @y.

The MATH Menu

Other functions may be available on this calculator besides those printed on the key pad. These functions are accessed using the MATH menu. The MATH menu has different contents for each mode.

Press Nto display the MATH menu. For example, in NORMAL mode, you can call the functions shown on the right.

Notes:

When the or symbols are displayed, you can use uor dto display any hidden menu items.

Ndoes not function when entering values or items in STAT, MATRIX, LIST, or EQUATION modes, or into solver functions or simulation calculations.

The CATALOG Menu

Using the CATALOG menu, you can select functions and variables that are available for what you are doing in the currently selected mode. To display the CATALOG menu, press N0.

Press uor dto move the cursor () and press e to select.

Press lor rto scroll up or down.

Press @uor @dto jump to the first or last item.

Note: You cannot bring up the CATALOG menu when entering values or items in STAT, MATRIX, LIST, or EQUATION modes, or into solver functions or simulation calculations.

Multi-line Playback Function

3

This calculator is equipped with a function to recall previous equations and answers in NORMAL or CPLX modes. A maximum of 340 characters can be stored in memory. When the memory is full, stored equations will be deleted to make room, starting with the oldest.

Pressing uwill display the previous equation. Further pressing uwill display preceding equations (after returning to the previous equation, press dto view equations in order). In addition, @ucan be used to jump to the oldest equation, and @dto jump to the newest one.

To edit an equation after recalling it, press lor r.

The multi-line memory will be cleared by the following operations:

@Z, mode change, RESET, N-base conversion, angular unit conversion, editor change (@J2 0or @J21), and memory clear (@

P10).

Equations that have one result require an additional eleven characters’ worth of memory to store in order to hold the result.

In addition to the amount of memory needed to store an equation, the WriteView editor will require a certain amount for the sake of display.

Equations also include calculation ending instructions, such as “=”.

Priority Levels in Calculation

This calculator performs operations according to the following priority:

Fractions (1m4, etc.) , Engineering prefixes

Functions preceded by their argument (x−1, x2, n!, etc.)

yx, xr Implied multiplication of a memory value (2Y, etc.)Functions followed by their argument (sin, cos, (), etc.)

Implied multiplication of a function (2sin30, A 1 , etc.) nCr,

4

nPr, →cv ×, ÷ +, AND OR, XOR, XNOR =, M+, M, M, DEG, RAD, GRAD, DATA, →rθ, →xy, and

other calculation ending instructions

If parentheses are used, parenthesized calculations have precedence over any other calculations.

SCIENTIFIC CALCULATIONS

Press b0to select NORMAL mode.

In each example, press jto clear the display first. Unless otherwise specified, calculation examples are performed in the WriteView editor (@J20) with the default display settings (@P0).

Arithmetic Operations

4

The closing parenthesis )just before =or m may be omitted.

Constant Calculations

5

In constant calculations, the addend becomes a constant. Subtraction and division are performed in the same manner. For multiplication, the multiplicand becomes a constant.

In constant calculations, constants will be displayed as K.

Constant calculations can be perfomed in NORMAL or STAT modes.

Functions

6

Refer to the calculation examples for each function.

In the Line editor, the following symbols are used:

: to indicate an expression’s power. (m, @",

@Y)

: to separate integers, numerators, and denominators. (W, @k)

When using @Oor @Win the Line editor, values are entered in the following way:

logn (base, value)

abs value

Integral/Differential Functions

7

Integral and differential calculations can be performed in NORMAL mode.

Note: Since integral and differential calculations are performed based on the following equations, correct results may not be obtained, in certain rare cases, when performing special calculations that contain discontinuous points.

Integral calculation (Simpson’s rule):

 

 

 

 

)

1

+ (N − 1)h)}

b

a

S = h{f(a) + 4{f(a + h) + f(a + 3h) + ... + f(a

h =

3

 

 

 

N

+ 2{f(a + 2h) + f(a + 4h) + ... + f(a + (N − 2)h)} + f(b)}

(Na = x2n b

dx

 

dx

 

 

 

f(x + ) − f(x

)

 

 

2

 

2

 

 

 

Differential calculation: (x) = —

 

 

 

dx

 

 

 

 

Performing integral calculations

1.Press F.

2.Specify the following parameters: range of integral (initial value (a), end value (b)), function with variable x, and number of subintervals (n).

You do not need to specify the number of subintervals. If the number of subintervals is not specifi ed, the default value of n = 100 will be used.

3.Press =.

Notes:

Parameters are entered in the following way:

WriteView editor:

ab function[, subintervals]dx

Line editor:

(function, a, b[, subintervals])

Integral calculations, depending on the integrands and subintervals included, require longer calculation time. During calculation, the BUSY symbol will be displayed. To cancel calculation, press j.

Note that there will be greater integral errors when there are large fl uctuations in the

integral values during

minute shifting of the

y

 

 

 

 

 

integral range and for

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

periodic functions, etc.,

 

 

 

 

 

 

where positive and

 

 

 

x0

y

x2

 

 

 

 

negative integral values

 

 

b x

a

 

b

exist depending on the

a

x0

 

x

 

x1

 

x1

x3

interval.

 

 

x2

 

 

 

x3

 

 

 

For the former case, divide integral intervals as small as possible. For the latter case, separate the positive and negative values. Following these tips will allow you to obtain results from calculations with greater accuracy and will also shorten the calculation time.

Performing differential calculations

1.Press @G.

2.Specify the following parameters: function with variable x, value of x, and minute interval (dx).

You do not need to specify the minute interval. If the minute interval is not specifi ed, it will automatically be set to 10−5 (while x = 0), or | x | × 10−5 (while x 0).

3.Press =.

Note: Parameters are entered in the following way: WriteView editor:

d(function) |

dx x = value of x[, minute interval]

Line editor:

d/dx (function, value of x[, minute interval])

Function

8

The function returns the cumulative sum of a given expression from an initial value to an end value in NORMAL mode.

Performing calculations

1.Press @I.

2.Specify the following parameters: initial value, end value, function with variable x, and increment (n).

You do not need to specify the increment. If the increment is not specifi ed, the default value of n = 1 will be used.

3.Press =.

Note: Parameters are entered in the following way:

WriteView editor:

end value

Σ(function[, increment]) x = initial value

Line editor:

Σ(function, initial value, end value[, increment])

Random Function

The random function has four settings. (This function cannot be selected while using the N-base function.) To generate further random numbers in succession, press e. Press jto exit.

Random numbers

A pseudo-random number, with three significant digits from 0 up to 0.999, can be generated by pressing @w0e. Note: In the WriteView editor, if the result is not 0 it can be

shown as a fraction or decimal using U.

Random dice

To simulate a die-rolling, a random integer between 1 and 6 can be generated by pressing @w1e.

Random coin

To simulate a coin fl ip, 0 (heads) or 1 (tails) can be randomly generated by pressing @w2e.

Random integer

An integer between 0 and 99 can be generated randomly by pressing @w3e.

Angular Unit Conversions

9

Each time @]is pressed, the angular unit changes in sequence.

Memory Calculations

 

 

10

Mode

ANS

M, F1–F4

A–F, X, Y

D1–D4

 

 

 

 

 

NORMAL

STAT

CPLX

×

MATRIX

LIST

○: Available

×: Unavailable

 

 

Temporary memories (AÐF, X and Y)

Press xand a variable key to store a value in memory. Press tand a variable key to recall the value from that memory. To place a variable in an equation, press ;and a variable key.

Independent memory (M)

In addition to all the features of temporary memories, a value can be added to or subtracted from an existing memory value.

Press jxMto clear the independent memory (M).

Last answer memory (ANS)

The calculation result obtained by pressing =or any other calculation ending instruction is automatically stored in the last answer memory.

When the calculation result is in matrix or list form, the full matrix or list is not stored into ANS memory. Only the value of the element covered by the cursor is stored.

Notes:

Calculation results from the functions indicated below are automatically stored in the X or Y memories replacing any existing values.

rθ, →xy: X memory (r or x), Y memory (θ or y)

Two x´ values from a quadratic regression calculation in STAT mode: X memory (1:), Y memory (2:)

Use of tor ;will recall the value stored in memory using up to 14 digits.

Formula memories (F1ÐF4)

You can store expressions in formula memories (F1–F4). Storing a new expression in a memory space will automatically replace any content that may already exist there.

Notes:

Expressions that are stored from the WriteView editor cannot be recalled from within the Line editor, and vice versa.

You can only recall expressions stored from the Line editor when entering values or items in STAT, MATRIX, LIST, or EQUATION modes, or into solver functions or simulation calculations.

Any recalled expressions will overwrite any expressions that are currently being entered.

You cannot store formulas in formula memories when entering values or items in STAT, MATRIX, LIST, or EQUATION modes, or into solver functions or simulation calculations.

DeÞnable memories (D1ÐD4)

You can store functions or operations in defi nable memories (D1–D4).

To store a function or operation, press x, followed by a defi nable memory key (I, J, K, or L), followed by the operation you want to store. Menu-related operations, such as @J, cannot be stored. Press jto return to the previous display.

To call a stored function or operation, press the corresponding memory key. Calling a stored function will not work if the function that is called would be unusable in the current context.

Any functions or operations that are stored in a definable memory will be replaced when you save a new one into that memory.

You cannot store functions or operations in defi nable memories when entering values or items in STAT, MATRIX, LIST, or EQUATION modes, or into solver functions or simulation calculations.

Chain Calculations

11

The previous calculation result can be used in the subsequent calculation. However, it cannot be recalled after entering multiple instructions or when the calculation result is in matrix/list format.

Fraction Calculations

12

Arithmetic operations and memory calculations can be performed using fractions. In NORMAL mode, conversion between a decimal number and a fraction can be performed by pressing U.

Notes:

Improper/proper fractions will be converted to and displayed as decimal numbers if the number of digits used in their expression is greater than nine. In the case of mixed fractions, the maximum number of displayable digits (including integers) is eight.

To convert a sexagesimal value to a fraction, fi rst convert it by pressing @:.

Binary, Pental, Octal, Decimal, and Hexadecimal

 

Operations (N-base)

13

Conversions can be performed between N-base numbers in NORMAL mode. The four basic arithmetic operations, calculations with parentheses, and memory calculations can also be performed, along with the logical operations AND, OR, NOT, NEG, XOR, and XNOR on binary, pental, octal, and hexadecimal numbers. Conversion to each system is performed with the following keys:

@z(“BIN” appears), @r(“PEN” appears),

@g(“OCT” appears), @h(“HEX” appears),

@/(“BIN”, “PEN”, “OCT”, and “HEX” disappear)

Note: The hexadecimal numbers A–F are entered by pressing

A B C D E F

K, m, A, l, i, and H.

In the binary, pental, octal, and hexadecimal systems, fractional parts cannot be entered. When a decimal number having

a fractional part is converted into a binary, pental, octal, or hexadecimal number, the fractional part will be truncated. Likewise, when the result of a binary, pental, octal, or hexadecimal calculation includes a fractional part, the fractional part will be truncated. In the binary, pental, octal, and hexadecimal systems, negative numbers are displayed as a complement.

Time, Decimal, and Sexagesimal Calculations

14

You can convert between decimal and sexagesimal numbers, and from sexagesimal numbers to seconds or minutes. In addition, the four basic arithmetic operations and memory calculations can be performed using the sexagesimal system. Notation for sexagesimal is as follows:

Degree

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Second

 

 

 

 

Minute

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Coordinate Conversions

15

Before performing a calculation, select the angular unit.

The calculation result is automatically stored in the X and Y memories (r or x in X memory, and θ or y in Y memory).

The results of coordinate conversions will be displayed as decimal numbers even in the WriteView editor.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Rectangular coord.

Polar coord.

Physical Constants and Metric Conversions

16

Calculations using physical constants

To recall a constant, press K, then select a physical constant from the list. (Each item is labeled with a 2-digit number.)

To scroll up or down the list of constants, press u (l) or d(r).

Use @u(l) or @d(r) to jump to the fi rst or last page.

Enter the fi rst digit of the 2-digit item number to jump to the page containing the number that begins with that digit.

When you enter the second digit, the constant is displayed automatically according to the display and decimal placement settings.

Physical constants can be recalled in NORMAL (excluding N-base), STAT, CPLX, MATRIX, LIST, and EQUATION modes.

The following table lists the physical constants. See the calculation example sheet for physical constant symbols and units.

Note: Physical constants and metric conversions are based on the 2006 CODATA recommended values, or on the 1995 Edition of the “Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI)” released by NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology).

No.

Constant

No.

Constant

01

Speed of light in vacuum

27

Stefan-Boltzmann constant

02

Newtonian constant of

28

Avogadro constant

 

gravitation

29

Molar volume of ideal gas

03

Standard acceleration of

 

(273.15 K, 101.325 kPa)

 

gravity

30

Molar gas constant

04

Electron mass

31

Faraday constant

05

Proton mass

32

Von Klitzing constant

06

Neutron mass

33

Electron charge to mass

07

Muon mass

 

quotient

08

Atomic mass unit-kilogram

34

Quantum of circulation

 

relationship

35

Proton gyromagnetic ratio

09

Elementary charge

36

Josephson constant

10

Planck constant

37

Electron volt

11

Boltzmann constant

38

Celsius Temperature

12

Magnetic constant

39

Astronomical unit

13

Electric constant

40

Parsec

14

Classical electron radius

41

Molar mass of carbon-12

15

Fine-structure constant

42

Planck constant over 2 pi

16

Bohr radius

43

Hartree energy

17

Rydberg constant

44

Conductance quantum

18

Magnetic fl ux quantum

45

Inverse fine-structure constant

19

Bohr magneton

46

Proton-electron mass ratio

20

Electron magnetic moment

47

Molar mass constant

21

Nuclear magneton

48

Neutron Compton wavelength

22

Proton magnetic moment

49

First radiation constant

23

Neutron magnetic moment

50

Second radiation constant

24

Muon magnetic moment

51

Characteristic impedance of

25

Compton wavelength

 

vacuum

26

Proton Compton wavelength

52

Standard atmosphere

Metric conversions

Enter a value to be converted, then press @L, and select a metric conversion by entering its 2-digit number.

The metric conversion list is used in the same manner as the list of physical constants.

Unit conversions can be performed in NORMAL (excluding N-base), STAT, MATRIX, LIST, and EQUATION modes.

The following table lists units used in metric conversion. See the calculation example sheet for the metric conversion reference table.

No.

 

Remarks

No.

 

Remarks

01

in

: inch

23

fl oz(US): fl uid ounce (US)

02

cm

: centimeter

24

mL

: milliliter

03

ft

: foot

25

fl oz(UK): fl uid ounce (UK)

04

m

: meter

26

mL

: milliliter

05

yd

: yard

27

calth

: calorieth

06

m

: meter

28

J

: joule

07

mi

: mile

29

cal15

: calorie (15°C)

08

km

: kilometer

30

J

: joule

09

n mi

: nautical mile

31

calIT

: calorieIT

10

m

: meter

32

J

: joule

11

acre

: acre*1

33

hp

: horsepower (UK)

12

m2

: square meter

34

W

: watt

13

oz

: ounce (avoirdupois)

35

ps

: horsepower (metric)

14

g

: gram

36

W

: watt

15

lb

: pound (avoirdupois)

37

(kgf/cm2)

16

kg

: kilogram

38

Pa

: pascal

17

°F

: degree Fahrenheit

39

atm

: atmosphere

18

°C

: degree Celsius

40

Pa

: pascal

19

gal (US) : gallon (US)

41

(1 mmHg = 1 Torr)

20

L

: liter

42

Pa

: pascal

21

gal (UK) : gallon (UK)

43

(kgf·m)

 

22

L

: liter

44

N·m

: newton meter

*1 based on US survey foot

Calculations Using Engineering PreÞxes

17

Calculation can be executed in NORMAL mode (excluding N-base) using the following 9 types of prefi xes.

 

Prefi x

Operation

Unit

k

(kilo)

N30

103

M

(Mega)

N31

106

G

(Giga)

N32

109

T

(Tera)

N33

1012

m

(milli)

N34

10–3

µ

(micro)

N35

10–6

n

(nano)

N36

10–9

p

(pico)

N37

10–12

f

(femto)

N38

10–15

 

 

 

 

Modify Function

 

18

Decimal calculation results are internally obtained in scientifi c notation, with up to 14 digits in the mantissa. However, since calculation results are displayed in the form designated by the display notation and the number of decimal places indicated, the internal calculation result may differ from that shown in the display. By using the modify function (@n), the internal value is converted to match that of the display, so that the displayed value can be used without change in subsequent operations.

When using the WriteView editor, if the calculation result is displayed using fractions or irrational numbers, press U to convert it to decimal form fi rst.

The modify function can be used in NORMAL, STAT, MATRIX, or LIST modes.

Simulation Calculation (ALGB)

19

If you have to find values consecutively using the same expression, such as plotting a curve line for 2x2 + 1, or finding the variable values for 2x + 2y =14, once you enter the expression, all you have to do is to specify the value for the variable in the equation.

Usable variables: A–F, M, X and Y

Simulation calculations can only be executed in NORMAL mode.

Calculation ending instructions other than =cannot be used.

Performing calculations

1.Press b0.

2.Input an expression with at least one variable.

3.Press N1.

4.The variable entry screen will appear. Enter a value, then press eto confi rm. The calculation result will be

displayed after you have entered a value for each variable used in the equation.

After completing the calculation, press N1to perform calculations using the same equation.

Variables and numerical values stored in the memories will be displayed in the variable entry screen. If you do not want to change any values, simply press e.

Performing simulation calculation will cause values in memory to be overwritten with new values.

Solver Function

20

The solver function fi nds the value for x that reduces the entered expression to zero.

This function uses Newton’s method to obtain an approximation. Depending on the function (e.g. periodic) or start value, an error may occur (ERROR 02) due to there being no convergence to the solution for the equation.

The value obtained by this function may include a margin of error. If it is larger than acceptable, recalculate the solution after changing the “Start” and dx values.

Change the “Start” value (e.g. to a negative value) or dx value (e.g. to a smaller value) if:

no solution can be found (ERROR 02).

more than two solutions appear to be possible (e.g. a cubic equation).

to improve arithmetic precision.

The calculation result is automatically stored in the X memory.

Press jto exit the solver function.

Performing solver function

1.Press b0.

2.Input an expression with an x variable.

3.Press N2.

4.Enter a “Start” value and press e. The default value is “0”.

5.Enter a dx value (minute interval).

6.Press e.

STATISTICAL CALCULATIONS

Statistical calculations can be performed in STAT mode.

There are eight sub-modes within STAT mode. Press b1, then press the number key that corresponds to your choice:

0(S#a# 0 [SD]): Single-variable statistics 1(S#a# 1 [LINE]): Linear regression 2(S#a# 2 [QUAD]): Quadratic regression

3(S#a# 3 [E_EXP]): Euler exponential regression 4(S#a# 4 [LOG]): Logarithmic regression

5(S#a# 5 [POWER]): Power regression

6(S#a# 6 [INV]): Inverse regression

7(S#a# 7 [G_EXP]): General exponential regression

Statistical Calculations and Variables

21

The following statistics can be obtained for each statistical calculation (refer to the table below):

Single-variable statistical calculation

Statistics of and the value of the normal probability function.

Linear regression calculation

Statistics of and . In addition, the estimate of y for a given x (estimate y´) and the estimate of x for a given y (estimate x´).

Quadratic regression calculation

Statistics of and , and coefficients a, b, c in the quadratic regression formula (y = a + bx + cx2). (For quadratic regression calculations, no correlation coefficient (r) can be obtained.) When there are two x´ values, each value will be displayed with “1:” or “2:”, and stored separately in the X and Y memories.

Euler exponential regression, logarithmic regression, power regression, inverse regression, and general exponential regression calculations

Statistics of and . In addition, the estimate of y for a given x and the estimate of x for a given y. (Since the calculator converts each formula into a linear regression formula before actual calculation takes place, it obtains all statistics, except coefficients a and b, from converted data rather than entered data.)

 

Mean of samples (x data)

 

x

 

sx

Sample standard deviation (x data)

 

 

 

 

σx

Population standard deviation (x data)

n

Number of samples

 

 

 

 

 

Σ x

Sum of samples (x data)

 

Σ x2

Sum of squares of samples (x data)

 

Mean of samples (y data)

 

y

 

sy

Sample standard deviation (y data)

 

 

 

 

σy

Population standard deviation (y data)

 

Σy

Sum of samples (y data)

 

Σy2

Sum of squares of samples (y data)

Σ xy

Sum of products of samples (x, y)

 

 

r

Correlation coeffi cient

 

 

 

 

a

Coeffi cient of regression equation

 

 

 

 

b

Coeffi cient of regression equation

 

 

 

 

c

Coeffi cient of quadratic regression equation

 

 

 

Use ;and tto perform a variable calculation in STAT mode.

Udoes not function in STAT mode.

Data Entry and Correction

22

Before entering new data, clear the memory contents (@Z).

Data entry

Single-variable data

Data _

Data Hfrequency _(To enter multiples of the same data)

Two-variable data

Data x Hdata y _

Data x Hdata y Hfrequency _(To enter multiples of the same data x and y)

Note: Up to 100 data items can be entered. With the singlevariable data, a data item without frequency assignment is counted as one data item, while an item assigned with frequency is stored as a set of two data items. With the two-variable data, a set of data items without frequency assignment is counted as two data items, while a set of items assigned with frequency is stored as a set of three data items.

Data correction

Correction before pressing _immediately after a data entry: Delete incorrect data with j, then enter the correct data.

Correction after pressing _:

Use uand dto display the previously entered data set. Press dto display the data set in ascending (oldest first) order. To reverse the display order to descending (latest first), press the ukey. Press @uor @dto jump the cursor to the beginning or end of the data set.

Each data set is displayed with “X:”, “Y:”, or “F:”.

Data set number

Data x

Frequency

Data set number

Data x

Data y

Frequency

Display and move the cursor to the data item to be modifi ed by using uand d, enter the correct value, then press _or e.

To delete a data set, display and move the cursor to an item of the data set to delete by using uand d, then press @#. The data set will be deleted.

To add a new data set, press jto exit the display of previously entered data and input the values, then press _.

Statistical Calculation Formulas

23

 

 

 

Type

Regression formula

 

 

 

 

Linear

y = a + bx

 

Quadratic

y = a + bx + cx2

 

Euler exponential

y = a ebx

 

Logarithmic

y = a + b ln x

 

Power

y = a xb

 

 

1

 

Inverse

 

 

y = a + b x

 

General exponential

y = a bx

 

An error will occur when:

The absolute value of the intermediate result or calculation result is equal to or greater than 1 × 10100.

The denominator is zero.

An attempt is made to take the square root of a negative number.

No solution exists in the quadratic regression calculation.

Normal Probability Calculations

24

In STAT mode, the three probability density functions can be accessed under the MATH menu, with a random number used as a normal distribution variable.

Notes:

P(t), Q(t), and R(t) will always take positive values, even when t < 0, because these functions follow the same principle used when solving for an area.

Values for P(t), Q(t), and R(t) are given to six decimal places.

The standardization conversion formula is as follows:

x x t = σx

DRILL MODE

Math Drill: b20

Math operation questions with positive integers and 0 are displayed randomly. It is possible to select the number of questions and operator type.

Multiplication Table (× Table): b21

Questions from each row of the multiplication table (1 to 12) are displayed serially or randomly.

To exit DRILL mode, press band select another mode.

Using Math Drill and ×Table

1.Press b20for Math Drill or b21for

×Table.

2.Math Drill: Use uand dto select the number of questions (25, 50, or 100).

×Table: Use uand dto select a row in the multiplication table (1 to 12).

3.Math Drill: Use land rto select the operator type for questions (+, , ×, ÷, or + −×÷).

×Table: Use land rto select the order type (“Serial” or “Random”).

4.Press eto start.

When using Math Drill or × Table (random order only), questions are randomly selected and will not repeat except by chance.

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