RuggedCom RS900, RS1600, RS8000 User Manual

RuggedSwitch™

RS8000 / RS1600 / RS900

Product Family User Guide

RS1600

RS1600T

RS8000

RS8000T

RuggedCom Inc.

64 Jardin Dr. (Unit 3G)

Concord, Ontario Canada

L4K 3P3

Web: www.ruggedcom.com

Tel: [phone]

Fax: [phone]

Toll Free: (888) 264 – 0006

RuggedSwitch™ User Guide

RUGGEDSWITCH™ USER GUIDE

FOR USE WITH RS8000, RS1600, AND RS900 PRODUCTS

RUGGEDSWITCH™ OPERATING SYSTEM V1.5

Version 1.5.1 – Aug. 3, 2004

RuggedCom

64 Jardin Drive, Unit 3G

Concord, Ontario

Canada L4K 3P3

Voice: [phone]

1-[phone]

Fax: [phone]

[e-mail]

http://www.RuggedCom.com

Disclaimer

RuggedCom Inc. makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material.

RuggedCom shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material.

Warranty

Five (5) years from date of purchase, return to factory. For warranty details, visit www.ruggedcom.com or contact your customer service representative.

COPYRIGHT © Dec 2002 RuggedCom Inc.

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

This document contains proprietary information, which is protected by copyright. All rights are reserved.

No part of this document may be photocopied, reproduced or translated to another language without the prior written consent of RuggedCom Inc.

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About this User Guide

ABOUT THIS USER GUIDE

This guide is concerned with aiding the user in the configuration and operation of the

RuggedSwitch™ using the RuggedCom User Interface. Specifically, this guide details aspects of:

•Accessing the User Interface

•Security (passwords)

•Configuring the switch

•Status determination

•Performance measurement

•Uploading and downloading files

•Dealing with alarms

This guide is intended solely for the purpose of familiarizing the reader with the ways that the RuggedSwitch™ can be used to support Ethernet switching applications.

Applicable Firmware Revision

This guide is applicable to RuggedSwitch™ Operating System (ROS) software revision 1.5.x.

Who Should Use This User Guide

This guide is to be used by network technical support personnel who are familiar with the operation of networks. Others who might find the book useful are network and system planners, system programmers and line technicians.

How To Use This User Guide

The index of this guide has been prepared with:

•Entries to each of the “Features” sections of the manual,

•Entries to each of the “Troubleshooting” sections of the manual (located at the end of each chapter),

•Entries to each of the Menus, organized by name.

It is recommended that you use this guide along with the following applicable documents.

RuggedSwitch™ RS8000 Family Installation Guide

RuggedSwitch™ RS1600 Family Installation Guide

RuggedSwitch™ RS900 Family Installation Guide

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RuggedSwitch™ User Guide

Rugged MediaConverter™ Installation Guide

RuggedCom Fiber Guide

White paper: Rapid Spanning Tree in Industrial Networks

Document Conventions

This publication uses the following conventions:

Note: Means reader take note. Notes contain helpful suggestions or references to materials not contained in this guide.

Quick Start Recommendations

The following description is included to aid those users experienced with switches that may wish to attempt to configure the switch without fully reading the guide. Commands strings have been provided with their full path from the root menu.

1.Locate/mount the chassis in its final resting place.

2.Attach a PC running terminal emulation software to the RS232 port and apply power to the chassis (default baud rate, data bits, parity - “57600 8 n”, no hardware/software flow control). Set the terminal type to VT100. Gain access to the UI (Type <CR>, the default password string is set to “admin”, see Chapter 1).

3.Configure the switch’s IP address (Administration, Configure IP Services, IP Address) and Subnet Mask (Administration, Configure IP Services, Subnet). If instead you wish the switch to load the address via DHCP, set the address type to dynamic (Administration, Configure IP Services, IP Address Type). See Chapter 1 for more details.

4.You may wish to change the default guest, operator and administration passwords (Administration, Configure IP Services, Configure Passwords). See Chapter 1 for more details.

5.The ports are already set up with sensible defaults and autoselects where possible. You may want to hard configure specific settings such as speed, duplex, flow control and far end fault detection. Broadcast filtering is activated. See Chapter 3 for more details.

6.RSTP is enabled for the bridge by default and can be disabled if desired (Spanning Tree, Configure Bridge RSTP Parameters, State). RSTP may also be forced to support only legacy STP (Spanning Tree, Configure Bridge RSTP Parameters, Version Support). Note that the switch deals with legacy STP pathcosts by default and can be set to deal with larger path costs (Spanning Tree, Configure Bridge RSTP Parameters, Cost Style). RSTP may also be set enabled/disabled on a per port basis (Spanning Tree, Configure Port RSTP Parameters, Enable). You may also want to identify controllers and IEDs by setting the Edge parameter to True for those ports (Spanning Tree, Configure Port RSTP Parameters, Edge). See Chapter 6 for more details.

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About this User Guide

7.At this point the switch will raise links, learn addresses and forward traffic. By default link alarms and SNMP linkUp/linkDown traps (See Chapter 1) are raised for all ports. The Port Configuration and Status, View Port Status command will indicate the current state of the ports in real time. The Ethernet Statistics, View Ethernet Statistics command will provide a useful indication of traffic on the switch. The Spanning Tree, View Port RSTP Statistics command will provide an indication of which ports have been blocked to prevent traffic loops.

8.By default the switch has VLAN 1 configured on all ports (VLAN 1 is always present for management purposes). IGMP is disabled for VLAN 1 by default and can be enabled by the Virtual LANs, Configure Static VLANs, IGMP command.

9.If remote SNMP management or traps are desired, configure the appropriate manage station (Administration, Configure SNMP Management Stations).

10.Ports that are not in use should be disabled (Port Configuration and Status, Configure Port Parameters Command) to improve security, increase performance, reduce power consumption and cause the switch to run cooler.

11.Further concerns such as configuring static MAC addresses, port security, VLANs and IGMP as well as ensuring robustness, measuring and optimizing performance are dealt with by reading the guide fully.

For Users Migrating From Revisions ROS 1.2 and Earlier..

1.The “operator” access level has been created. The ability to configure, view and operate product features has been aligned with the guest, operator and administration access levels. All passwords are now stored in the configuration file in an encrypted form.

2.The TFTP Server feature is now configurable. It may be configured to be disabled, to only allow files to be retrieved or to provide full access.

3.The CLI shell provides a TFTP client command that can be used to upload and download files from TFTP servers.

4.Port Mirroring has been moved from the Diagnostics menu to the Port Configuration and Status menu.

5.The system log may now be viewed and cleared from the Diagnostics menu.

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Table Of Contents
About this User Guide............................................................................................................................	i
Applicable Firmware Revision ..............................................................................................................	i
Who Should Use This User Guide.........................................................................................................	i
How To Use This User Guide................................................................................................................	i
Document Conventions.........................................................................................................................	ii
Quick Start Recommendations..............................................................................................................	ii
For Users Migrating From Revisions ROS 1.2 and Earlier.. ............................................................... iii
Table Of Contents ................................................................................................................................	iv
Chapter 1– Setting Up And Administering The Switch ........................................................................	1
Introduction............................................................................................................................................	1
The RuggedSwitch™ User Interface......................................................................................................	1
Using the RS232 Port to Access the User Interface ..............................................................................	1
The Structure of the User Interface........................................................................................................	3
Making Configuration Changes.............................................................................................................	4
Updates Occur In Real Time..................................................................................................................	4
Alarm Indications Are Provided ............................................................................................................	4
The CLI Shell.........................................................................................................................................	4
Administration Menu .............................................................................................................................	5
Configure IP Services ............................................................................................................................	5
IP Address Type.....................................................................................................................................	5
IP Address..............................................................................................................................................	6
Subnet ....................................................................................................................................................	6
Gateway .................................................................................................................................................	6
Inactivity Timeout..................................................................................................................................	6
Telnet Sessions.......................................................................................................................................	6
TFTP Server...........................................................................................................................................	7
SNMP Get Community..........................................................................................................................	7
Configuring System Identification.........................................................................................................	8
Configure Passwords..............................................................................................................................	8
Configure Time and Date.......................................................................................................................	8
Time .......................................................................................................................................................	9
Date ........................................................................................................................................................	9
Time Zone ..............................................................................................................................................	9
NTP Server Address...............................................................................................................................	9
NTP Update Period ................................................................................................................................	9
Configure SNMP Management Stations..............................................................................................	10
Community String................................................................................................................................	10
Address.................................................................................................................................................	10
Set Access ............................................................................................................................................	10
Send Traps............................................................................................................................................	11
Troubleshooting ...................................................................................................................................	12
Chapter 2 - Configuring MAC Address Management.........................................................................	13
Introduction..........................................................................................................................................	13
MAC Address Management Features..................................................................................................	13
MAC Address Management Configuration .........................................................................................	13

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MAC Address Management Parameter Ranges & Default Settings	....................................................13
MAC Address Tables Management Menu...........................................................................................	13
Viewing MAC Addresses ....................................................................................................................	14
Purge MAC Address Table..................................................................................................................	15
Configure MAC Address Learning Options .......................................................................................	15
Configure Static MAC Address Table.................................................................................................	15
Chapter 3 – Configuring the Ports .......................................................................................................	18
Introduction..........................................................................................................................................	18
Port Features ........................................................................................................................................	18
Port Applications..................................................................................................................................	19
Port Security ........................................................................................................................................	19
Broadcast Rate Limiting ......................................................................................................................	20
Controller Protection Through Loss-of-Link Management .................................................................	21
Using Port Mirroring............................................................................................................................	22
Introduction..........................................................................................................................................	22
Configuring Port Mirroring..................................................................................................................	22
Port Configuration And Status.............................................................................................................	23
Port Parameter Ranges & Default Settings..........................................................................................	23
Port Configuration Menu .....................................................................................................................	24
Port Rate Limiting Menu .....................................................................................................................	25
Port Security Menu ..............................................................................................................................	26
Port Mirroring Menu............................................................................................................................	28
Viewing Port Status .............................................................................................................................	29
Resetting Ports .....................................................................................................................................	29
Troubleshooting ...................................................................................................................................	30
Chapter 4 – Configuring VLANs.........................................................................................................	31
Introduction..........................................................................................................................................	31
VLAN Features....................................................................................................................................	31
VLAN Concepts And Issues................................................................................................................	32
VLANs and Tags .................................................................................................................................	32
Tagged vs. Untagged Frames...............................................................................................................	32
Native VLAN.......................................................................................................................................	32
Management VLAN.............................................................................................................................	33
Edge And Trunk Port Types ................................................................................................................	34
Forbidden Port Lists.............................................................................................................................	34
VLAN Based Services ........................................................................................................................	34
VLAN Applications .............................................................................................................................	34
Traffic Domain Isolation......................................................................................................................	34
Administrative Convenience................................................................................................................	35
Reduced Hardware...............................................................................................................................	35
Service Differentiation.........................................................................................................................	36
VLAN Configuration ...........................................................................................................................	36
VLAN Parameter Ranges & Default Settings......................................................................................	36
Virtual LANs Menu .............................................................................................................................	37
Static VLANs Menu.............................................................................................................................	37
Port VLAN Parameters Menu..............................................................................................................	39
VLAN Summary Menu .......................................................................................................................	42
Troubleshooting ...................................................................................................................................	43

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Chapter 5 – Configuring Class of Service ...........................................................................................	44
Introduction to CoS..............................................................................................................................	44
CoS Features ........................................................................................................................................	44
CoS Concepts And Issues ....................................................................................................................	44
CoS Operation......................................................................................................................................	44
CoS Configuration ...............................................................................................................................	46
CoS Parameter Ranges & Default Settings..........................................................................................	46
Classes Of Service Menu .....................................................................................................................	46
Global CoS Parameters Menu..............................................................................................................	47
Port CoS Parameters Menu..................................................................................................................	47
Priority to CoS Mapping Menu............................................................................................................	48
DSCP to CoS Mapping Menu..............................................................................................................	48
CoS Access Priorities Menu ................................................................................................................	49
Chapter 6 – Configuring Rapid Spanning Tree ...................................................................................	50
Introduction .........................................................................................................................................	50
RSTP Features......................................................................................................................................	50
RSTP Concepts And Issues .................................................................................................................	51
RSTP Operation ...................................................................................................................................	51
RSTP Applications...............................................................................................................................	58
RSTP Configuration.............................................................................................................................	61
Bridge and Port Parameter Ranges & Default Settings .......................................................................	61
Spanning Tree Menu............................................................................................................................	62
Bridge RSTP Parameters Menu ...........................................................................................................	62
Port RSTP Parameters Menu ...............................................................................................................	64
RSTP Statistics ....................................................................................................................................	66
Bridge RSTP Statistics Menu ..............................................................................................................	66
Port RSTP Statistics Menu...................................................................................................................	68
Troubleshooting ...................................................................................................................................	71
Chapter 7 – Configuring Multicast Filtering........................................................................................	75
Introduction to Multicast Filtering.......................................................................................................	75
IGMP Features .....................................................................................................................................	75
IGMP Concepts And Issues .................................................................................................................	77
Router IGMP Operation.......................................................................................................................	77
Switch IGMP Active and Passive Operation .......................................................................................	78
Combined Router And Switch IGMP Operation .................................................................................	79
Multicast Filtering Configuration ........................................................................................................	82
Multicast Filtering Parameter Ranges & Default Settings...................................................................	82
Multicast Filtering Menu .....................................................................................................................	82
IGMP Parameters Menu......................................................................................................................	82
Multicast Filtering Statistics ................................................................................................................	83
IP Multicast Groups Menu...................................................................................................................	83
Troubleshooting ...................................................................................................................................	86
Chapter 8 – Diagnostics .......................................................................................................................	89
Introduction..........................................................................................................................................	89
Using The Alarm System.....................................................................................................................	89
Alarm Concepts And Issues.................................................................................................................	89
Viewing And Clearing Alarms ............................................................................................................	91
Viewing Alarms ...................................................................................................................................	91

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Clearing Alarms ...................................................................................................................................	92
Viewing CPU Diagnostics ...................................................................................................................	93
Viewing and Clearing the System Log ................................................................................................	95
Viewing Product Identification............................................................................................................	95
Load Factory Default Configuration....................................................................................................	96
Resetting The Unit ...............................................................................................................................	96
Chapter 9 – Using Ethernet And RMON Statistics..............................................................................	97
Introduction..........................................................................................................................................	97
View Ethernet Statistics.......................................................................................................................	98
View Ethernet Port Statistics ...............................................................................................................	98
Remote Monitoring (RMON) ............................................................................................................	100
RMON Historical Statistics Concepts And Issues.............................................................................	101
Configure RMON History Control Table Menu................................................................................	102
RMON History Samples Table Menu................................................................................................	103
RMON Alarms And Events Concepts And Issues.............................................................................	104
The Alarm Process.............................................................................................................................	104
Alarm Generation And Hysteresis .....................................................................................................	105
Delta vs. Absolute Values..................................................................................................................	105
Configure RMON Alarms..................................................................................................................	106
Configure RMON Events...................................................................................................................	108
RMON Event Logs ............................................................................................................................	109
Troubleshooting .................................................................................................................................	111
Chapter 10 - Using The CLI Shell .....................................................................................................	112
Introduction........................................................................................................................................	112
Entering And Leaving The Shell .......................................................................................................	112
Summary Of Commands....................................................................................................................	113
Viewing Files .....................................................................................................................................	114
Dir command......................................................................................................................................	114
Viewing And Clearing Log Files ......................................................................................................	114
Running Loopback Tests ...................................................................................................................	115
Pinging A Remote Device..................................................................................................................	116
Tracing Events ...................................................................................................................................	117
Enabling Tracing................................................................................................................................	117
Starting The Trace..............................................................................................................................	118
Viewing DHCP Learned Information Using Ipconfig.......................................................................	119
Executing Commands Remotely Through RSH ................................................................................	120
Resetting The Switch .........................................................................................................................	120
Chapter 11 – Upgrading Firmware And Managing Configurations ..................................................	121
Introduction........................................................................................................................................	121
Upgrading Firmware..........................................................................................................................	121
Upgrading Firmware With Xmodem .................................................................................................	122
Upgrading Firmware Using A TFTP Client On Your Workstation...................................................	122
Upgrading Firmware Using The TFTP Client On Your RuggedSwitch™........................................	124
Capturing Configurations...................................................................................................................	125
Capturing Configurations With XModem .........................................................................................	125
Capturing Configurations With TFTP ...............................................................................................	125
Using SQL Commands ......................................................................................................................	127
Getting Started ...................................................................................................................................	127

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Finding The Correct Table.................................................................................................................	128
Retrieving Information.......................................................................................................................	128
Changing Values In A Table..............................................................................................................	129
Defaulting A Table.............................................................................................................................	130
Using RSH And SQL.........................................................................................................................	130
Appendix A - Menu Tree...................................................................................................................	131
Appendix B - SNMP MIB Support....................................................................................................	132
Appendix C – SNMP Trap Summary ................................................................................................	132
Appendix D – RMON Acceptable MIB Parameters..........................................................................	133
Index...................................................................................................................................................	137

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	Table Of Figures
TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Main Menu With Screen Elements Identified........................................................................	3
Figure 2: Administration Menu .............................................................................................................	5
Figure 3: IP Services Configuration Menu ............................................................................................	5
Figure 4: Time and Date Menu..............................................................................................................	8
Figure 5: SNMP Management Stations Menu .....................................................................................	10
Figure 6: Using A Router As A Gateway ............................................................................................	12
Figure 7: MAC Address Tables Menu.................................................................................................	13
Figure 8: MAC Addresses Menu .........................................................................................................	14
Figure 9: MAC Addresses Learning Options Menu ............................................................................	15
Figure 10: Static MAC Address Table Menu ......................................................................................	16
Figure 11: Controller Protection Through FEFI ..................................................................................	21
Figure 12: Port Configuration And Status Menu.................................................................................	23
Figure 13: Port Parameters Menu ........................................................................................................	24
Figure 14: Port Rate Limiting Menu....................................................................................................	26
Figure 15: Port Security Menu.............................................................................................................	26
Figure 16: Port Mirroring Menu ..........................................................................................................	28
Figure 17: Port Status Menu ................................................................................................................	29
Figure 18: Multiple and Overlapping VLANs.....................................................................................	35
Figure 19: Inter-VLAN Communications............................................................................................	36
Figure 20: Virtual LANs Menu............................................................................................................	37
Figure 21: Static VLANs Menu...........................................................................................................	37
Figure 22: Port VLAN Parameters Menu ............................................................................................	39
Figure 23: VLAN Summary Menu ......................................................................................................	42
Figure 24: Determining The CoS Of A Received Frame ....................................................................	45
Figure 25: Use of CoS When Forwarding Frames ..............................................................................	46
Figure 26: Classes Of Service Menu....................................................................................................	46
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Figure 27: Global CoS Parameters Menu ............................................................................................	47
Figure 28: Port CoS Parameters Menu ................................................................................................	47
Figure 29: Priority to CoS Mapping Menu ..........................................................................................	48
Figure 30: TOS DSCP to CoS Mapping ..............................................................................................	48
Figure 31: CoS Access Priorities Menu...............................................................................................	49
Figure 32: Bridge and Port States ........................................................................................................	52
Figure 33: Bridge and Port Roles.........................................................................................................	54
Figure 34: Example Of A Structured Wiring Configuration ...............................................................	58
Figure 35: Example Of A Ring Backbone Configuration....................................................................	59
Figure 36: Port Redundancy ................................................................................................................	60
Figure 37: Spanning Tree Menu ..........................................................................................................	62
Figure 38: Bridge RSTP Parameters Menu..........................................................................................	62
Figure 39: Port RSTP Parameters Menu..............................................................................................	64
Figure 40: Bridge RSTP Status Menu .................................................................................................	66
Figure 41: Port RSTP Parameters Menu..............................................................................................	68
Figure 42: IGMP Operation Example 1...............................................................................................	77
Figure 43: IGMP Operation Example 2...............................................................................................	79
Figure 44: Multicast Filtering Menu....................................................................................................	82
Figure 45: IGMP Parameters Menu.....................................................................................................	82
Figure 46: IP Multicast Groups Menu .................................................................................................	83
Figure 47: Diagnostics Menu Showing Alarm Commands .................................................................	89
Figure 48: Alarms Menu......................................................................................................................	91
Figure 49: CPU Diagnostics Menu ......................................................................................................	93
Figure 50: Viewing the System Log ....................................................................................................	95
Figure 51: Ethernet Statistics Menu.....................................................................................................	97
Figure 52: Ethernet Statistics Menu.....................................................................................................	98
Figure 53: Port Statistics Menu............................................................................................................	98

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	Table Of Figures
Figure 54: The History Process..........................................................................................................	101
Figure 55: History Control Table.......................................................................................................	102
Figure 56: RMON History Samples Table ........................................................................................	103
Figure 57: The Alarm Process ...........................................................................................................	104
Figure 58: Applying Hysteresis to Alarm Generation .......................................................................	105
Figure 59: RMON Alarm Configuration Table screens.....................................................................	106
Figure 60: RMON Events Configuration Table screens....................................................................	108
Figure 61: RMON Events Configuration Table screens....................................................................	109
Figure 62: Running a Loopback Test ................................................................................................	115
Figure 63: Displaying Trace settings ................................................................................................	117
Figure 64: Changing Trace settings ...................................................................................................	118
Figure 65: Starting A Trace ...............................................................................................................	118
Figure 66 Example of an Upgrade using XModem ...........................................................................	122
Figure 67 Example of an Upgrade using a TFTP client on your workstation ...................................	124
Figure 68 Example of an Upgrade using the TFTP client on the RuggedSwitch™...........................	125
Figure 69 The sql command and SQL help .......................................................................................	127
Figure 70 The sql command and SQL help .......................................................................................	128
Figure 71 Selecting a table.................................................................................................................	128
Figure 72 Select a parameter with a table..........................................................................................	129
Figure 73 Selecting rows in a table based upon parameter values.....................................................	129
Figure 74 Selecting rows in a table based upon multiple parameter values ......................................	129
Figure 75 Changing Values In A Table .............................................................................................	129
Figure 76 Defaulting A Table ............................................................................................................	130
Figure 77 Bulk Inspections Using RSH and SQL .............................................................................	130

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Chapter 1– Setting Up And Administering The Switch

Chapter 1– Setting Up And Administering The Switch

Introduction

This chapter familiarizes the user with the RuggedCom user interface as well as describes the following procedures:

•Configuring the IP Address and Subnet Mask

•Configuring the Gateway Address

•Configuring for DHCP Operation

•Configuring the Management Connection Inactivity Timeout

•Configuring the number of Telnet Sessions

•Configuring TFTP Server Permissions

•Configuring the SNMP Get Community Name

•Configuring the System Identification

•Configuring Passwords

•Configuring the time and date

•Configuring SNTP to keep the time and date correct

•Configuring SNMP Management Stations

The RuggedSwitch™ User Interface

Using the RS232 Port to Access the User Interface

Attach a terminal (or PC running terminal emulation software) to the RS232 port on the rear of the chassis. The terminal should be configured for 8 bits, no parity operation at 57.6 Kbps. Hardware and software flow control must be disabled.

Select a terminal type of VT100.

Once the terminal is connected, pressing <CR> will prompt for the password to be entered. The switch is shipped with a default administrator password of “admin”. Once successfully logged in, the user will be presented with the main menu.

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The Structure of the User Interface

The user interface is organized as a series of menus with an escape to a command line interface (CLI) shell. Each menu screen presents the switch name (as proved by the System Identification parameter), Menu Title, Access Level, Alarms indicator, Sub-Menus and Command Bar.

Sub-menus are entered by selecting the desired menu with the arrow keys and pressing the enter key. Pressing the escape key ascends to the parent menu.

	System Identification		Menu Name		Access Level/Alarms Indicator
	My Switch	Main Menu			Admin Access

Administration

Port Configuration and Status

Ethernet Statistics

Spanning Tree

Virtual LANs

Classes of Service

MAC Address Tables

Multicast Filtering

Diagnostics

<CTRL> Z-Help S-Shell X-Logout

Command Bar		Sub-Menus

Figure 1: Main Menu With Screen Elements Identified

The command bar offers a list of commands that apply to the currently displayed menu. These commands include:

•<CTRL> Z to display help on the current command or data item

•<CTRL> S to switch to the CLI shell

•<CTRL> U/D to jump to next/previous page of a status display

The main menu also provides a <CTRL> X command, which will terminate the session.

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Making Configuration Changes

When changing a data item the user selects the data item by the cursor keys and then pressing the enter key. The cursor will change position to allow editing of the data item.

Typing a new value after pressing enter always erases the old parameter value. The left and right cursor keys may be used to position the edit point without erasing the old parameter value. The up and down cursor keys may be used to cycle through the next higher and lower values for the parameter.

After the parameter has been edited, press enter again to change other parameters. When all desired parameters have been modified, press <CTRL> A to apply changes. The switch will automatically prompt you to save changes when you leave a menu in which changes have been made.

Some menus will require you to press <CTRL> I to insert a new record of information and <CTRL> L to delete a record.

Updates Occur In Real Time

All configuration and display menus present the values at the current instant, automatically updating if changed from other user interface sessions or SNMP. All statistics menus will display changes to statistics as they occur.

Alarm Indications Are Provided

Alarms are events for which the user is notified through the Diagnostics menu View Alarms command. All configuration and display menus present an indication of the number of alarms (in the upper right hand corner of the screen) as they occur, automatically updating as alarms are posted and cleared.

The CLI Shell

The user interface provides a shell for operations that are more easily performed at the command line. You may switch back and forth from the menu system and shell by pressing <CTRL> S. For more information on the capabilities of the shell consult Chapter 10 - Using The CLI Shell.

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Administration Menu

The Administration command provides the menu shown in the following Figure.

My Switch	Administration	Admin Access
	Configure IP Services
	Configure System Identification
	Configure Passwords
	Configure Time and Date
	Configure SNMP Management Stations

Figure 2: Administration Menu

Configure IP Services

The Configure IP Services command provides the ability to change the IP Address/mask, Gateway address, Inactivity Timeout, Telnet Sessions Allowed, TFTP Server and SNMP Get Community parameters.

Note: These parameters are not changed during a factory reload. The following figure shows the settings as shipped from the factory.

My Switch	IP Services	Configuration	Admin Access
	IP Address Type	Static
	IP Address	192.168.0.1
	Subnet	255.255.255.0
	Gateway	5 min
	Inactivity Timeout
	Telnet Sessions Allowed	8
	TFTP Server	Get Only
	SNMP Get Community	public

<CTRL> Z-Help S-Shell

Figure 3: IP Services Configuration Menu

IP Address Type

This parameter specifies if the IP configuration is static (i.e. configured through this menu), or dynamically assigned. If dynamic IP configuration is chosen, the IP Address, Subnet and Gateway fields will become unavailable for editing and will not be displayed. These values will be loaded via Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and may be viewed using the “ipconfig” shell command.

IP Address

This parameter specifies the IP address of the switch.

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Note: Changes to the IP Address take effect immediately upon being saved. Telnet connections in place at the time of an address change will be lost.

Subnet

This parameter specifies the subnet mask of the switch.

Gateway

This parameter specifies the gateway IP address. This is the address to use when forwarding packets to a network other than the one the switch belongs to. It is only required if you intend to manage the switch from a management station that is separated from the switch by a router.

Inactivity Timeout

This parameter specifies the amount of time after keystrokes have been pressed before a management connection will be automatically broken. A value of zero disables timeouts altogether.

Telnet Sessions

This parameter limits the number of Telnet sessions. A value of zero prevents any Telnet access.

Note: If you disable Inactivity Timeouts and reduce the number of Telnet sessions to one, you will not be able to connect via Telnet until your current connection closes.

TFTP Server

This parameter controls how a TFTP client can access the switches built-in TFTP server. A setting of “Disabled” prevents all access, “Get Only” allows retrieval of files and “Enabled” allows storing and retrieval of files.

SNMP Get Community

This string determines the community string that may be used by any management station for SNMP read-only access of settings. Delete this string if you wish to prevent read-only access.

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Configuring System Identification

The system identification is displayed in the sign-on screen and in the upper left

hand corner of all RuggedSwitch™ menu screens. Setting the system identification can make it easier to identify the switches within your network.

Setting the location and contact fields can provide information about where the switch is located and who to contact in order to resolve problems.

Configure Passwords

The guest, operator and admin passwords provide differing levels of access to the switch. Guest users can view most settings but may not change settings or run commands. Operators cannot change settings but can reset alarms, statistics and logs. Admin users can change settings and run commands.

Configure Time and Date

The Configure Time and Date command provides the ability to change the switch time, date and time zone. The switch can also be configured to periodically contact an NTP server to correct for drift in the onboard clock.

My Switch	Time	and Date	Admin Access
	Time	14:05:41
	Date	Jan 7, 2003
	Time Zone	UTC-5:00	(New York, Toronto)
	NTP Server Address	0.0.0.0
	NTP Update Period	60 min

<CTRL> Z-Help S-Shell

Figure 4: Time and Date Menu

Note: The first revision of the RuggedSwitch™ Management CPU (RSMCPU Rev A) does not have a non-volatile real time clock and relies upon NTP to obtain its time and date after rebooting. The hardware revision of your RSMCPU is provided in the Diagnostics, View Product Identification menu.

Time

The time parameter allows configuration of the local time in local 24-hour format.

Date

The date parameter configures the date.

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Time Zone

The time zone setting allows for the conversion of UTC (Universal Coordinated Time) to local time.

NTP Server Address

This parameter specifies the IP address of the NTP (Network Time Protocol) server used to set the on-board real time clock. Programming an address of “0.0.0.0” disables the use of NTP. The current time setting will be overwritten at every NTP sync time interval, as specified by the NTP update period parameter.

Note: If your RuggedSwitch™ is not equipped with a real time clock, NTP is the only mechanism for obtaining the time after a start up.

NTP Update Period

This parameter determines how frequently the time is updated from the NTP server. If the update attempt fails the switch will make two more attempts (at oneminute intervals) after which an alarm is generated. The programmed update rate will then be resumed.

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Configure SNMP Management Stations

This command identifies management stations that may configure the switch through SNMP and receive Traps from the switch.

At shipping time and after factory reloads the switch is configured not to allow remote management or raise Traps. Identify a management station to the switch by executing the Configure SNMP Management Stations command and pressing CTRL-I to create a management record, as shown below.

My Switch	SNMP Management Stations		Admin Access
	Community String	public
	Address	Disabled
	Set Access
	Send Traps	Enabled
<CTRL> Z-Help	S-Shell A-Apply

Figure 5: SNMP Management Stations Menu

You may create up to eight management stations, each of which may have individual settings for community strings, set access permission and sending of traps. Note that all management stations created this way inherently allow get access and disable set access.

Community String

The community string this management station is authenticated by.

Address

The management station IP address.

Note: If this address does not lie in the same network as the switches IP address then the gateway address must be configured.

Set Access

If enabled, this management station may change configuration parameters.

Send Traps

The management station will be sent SNMP traps if this setting is enabled. The traps issued are summarized in Appendix C – SNMP Trap Summary.

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Troubleshooting

Problem One

•I have configured the IP address and a gateway. I am pinging the switch but it is not responding. I am sure the switch is receiving the ping because it’s port LEDs are flashing and the statistics menu shows the pings. What is going on?

Is the switch being pinged through a router? If so, the switch gateway address must be configured. The following figure illustrates the problem.

					Router			RuggedSwitchTM
				192.168.0.1		10.0.0.1	10.0.0.2

Workstation

192.168.0.2

Figure 6: Using A Router As A Gateway

The router is configured with the appropriate IP subnets and will forward the ping from the workstation to the switch. When the switch responds, however, it will not know which its interfaces to use in order to reach the workstation and will drop the response. Programming a gateway of 10.0.0.1 will cause the switch to forward un-resolvable frames to the router.

This problem will also occur if the gateway address is not configured and the switch tries to raise an SNMP trap to a host that is not on the local subnet

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Chapter 2 - Configuring MAC Address Management

Introduction

This chapter familiarizes the user with:

•Viewing learned MAC addresses

•Purging MAC Address Entries

•Configuring the switch MAC Address Aging time

•Configuring static MAC addresses

MAC Address Management Features

MAC Address management provides you with the following features:

•The ability to configure static MAC addresses.

•The ability to set the switch MAC address aging time

MAC Address Management Configuration

MAC Address Management Parameter Ranges & Default Settings

Configuration Item	Default Value	Supported Values
Aging Time	300 seconds	15 to 800 seconds

MAC Address Tables Management Menu

The MAC Address Tables menu is accessible from the main menu MAC Address Tables command.

My Switch	MAC	Address Tables		Admin Access
	View	MAC Addresses
	Purge MAC		Address Table
	Configure		MAC Address Learning Options
	Configure		Static MAC Address Table

<CTRL> Z-Help S-Shell>

Figure 7: MAC Address Tables Menu

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Viewing MAC Addresses

The View MAC Addresses command presents a real time display of learned and static MAC addresses.

My Switch	MAC Addresses				Admin Access
MAC Address		VID	Port	Type	CoS
00-00-85-05-9A-C4		1	6	Dynamic	Normal
00-01-E6-64-2B-B6		1	6	Dynamic	Normal
00-03-47-A0-56-F3		1	6	Dynamic	Normal
00-03-47-A0-57-37		1	6	Dynamic	Normal
00-03-47-B0-59-F3		1	6	Dynamic	Normal
00-06-5B-61-AC-30		1	6	Dynamic	Normal
00-06-5B-7A-40-BA		1	6	Dynamic	Normal
00-06-5B-95-B2-A4		1	6	Dynamic	Normal
00-06-5B-A2-51-41		1	6	Dynamic	Normal
00-06-5B-AF-1A-AA		1	6	Dynamic	Normal
00-06-5B-AF-1A-AD		1	6	Dynamic	Normal
00-0A-DC-00-20-00		1	6	Dynamic	Normal
00-0A-DC-01-01-0E		1	6	Dynamic	Normal
00-0A-DC-01-01-1E		1	6	Dynamic	Normal
00-50-BA-D4-48-16		1	6	Dynamic	Normal
00-50-BA-F4-E8-EB		1	6	Dynamic	Normal
00-C0-4F-6C-D9-1B		1	6	Dynamic	Normal
00-E0-18-BB-B4-CA		1	6	Dynamic	Normal
More below ...
<CTRL> Z-Help	S-Shell D-PgDn	U-PgUp

Figure 8: MAC Addresses Menu

The display will change as MAC addresses are learned and aged out.

MAC Address

The learned MAC address.

VID

The VLAN the MAC address was learned upon.

Port

The port the MAC address was learned upon.

Type

Either “Static” or “Dynamic”, this parameter describes how the switch has learned the MAC address. Dynamic addresses are learned from received frames. Static addresses are learned from configured entries in the Static MAC Address Table.

CoS

The Class of Service associated with this MAC Address. CoS and its use is more fully described in Chapter 5 – Configuring Class of Service.

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Purge MAC Address Table

This command removes all dynamic entries from the MAC address table. The only negative impact of this operation is that it causes flooding while addresses are relearned.

Configure MAC Address Learning Options

This menu allows you to configure MAC management related parameters.

My Switch

MAC Address Learning Options

Admin Access

Aging Time 300 s

<CTRL> Z-Help S-Shell

Figure 9: MAC Addresses Learning Options Menu

Aging Time

This parameter configures the time a learned MAC address is held before being aged out.

Configure Static MAC Address Table

This menu allows you to enter static MAC addresses or MAC addresses whose CoS priority is automatically set to High.

My Switch	Static MAC Address Table			Admin Access
	MAC Address	VID	Port	CoS
	00-01-E6-64-2B-B6	1	1	Normal
	00-06-5B-AF-1A-AD	1	Learn	High

<CTRL> Z-Help S-Shell D-PgDn U-PgUp I-Insert L-Delete

Figure 10: Static MAC Address Table Menu

Static MAC addresses are often configured when the user wishes to enforce port security. The relevant MAC address (and the port it is to be restricted to) is configured in the Static MAC addresses Table. The port is made secure by configuration in the Port Configuration and Status menu, Configure Port Security command.

Static MAC addresses are also configured when a device can receive but cannot transmit frames. Static addresses are automatically displayed in the MAC Addresses display.

Prioritized MAC addresses are configured when traffic to or from a specific device on a LAN segment is to be assigned a higher CoS priority than other devices on

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Chapter 2 - Configuring MAC Management

that LAN segment. Prioritized addresses function much as regular dynamic addresses, appearing in the MAC Addresses display only while they are learned.

MAC Address

This parameter specifies the unicast address that is to be statically configured or prioritized.

VID

This parameter configures the VLAN upon which the MAC address operates.

Port

If a static MAC address is being constructed, enter the port number upon which the device with this address is located. If a prioritized address is being constructed set this parameter to “Learn”.

CoS (Class of Service)

Set this parameter to normal if you want the prioritized address to have a normal CoS priority or to high if you want the prioritized address to have a high CoS priority

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Chapter 3 – Configuring the Ports

Introduction

This chapter familiarizes the user with:

•Configuring port physical parameters

•Configuring link alarms/traps for the port

•Configuring rate limiting

•Configuring port security

•Using Port Mirroring

•Viewing the status of ports

•Resetting all or one port

•Using the Loss-of-Link Management feature

Port Features

10BaseT/100Base Interfaces

•Uses RJ45 Connector

10BaseFL Interfaces

•Multi-mode fiber (820nm) optical ports on 62.5µm cable, 2km distances

•Single-mode fiber (1310nm) optical ports on 9µm cable, 15km distances

•Uses ST Connector

•Support Far End Fault Indication (FEFI) through withholding of link pulses

100BaseFX Interfaces

•Multi-mode fiber (1300nm) optical ports on 62.5µm cable, 2km distances

•Single-mode fiber (1310nm) optical ports on 9µm cable, 15km distances

•Multi-mode Uses MTRJ Connector, Single-mode Uses LC Connector

•Support Far End Fault Indication Through FEFI signal

All Interfaces

•Port security

•Broadcast Rate Filtering

•Link based Alarms and Traps

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•Port Latency: 10 Mbps - 16µs + frame time, 100 Mbps - 5µs + frame time

Port Applications

Port Security

Port Security provides the ability to filter or accept traffic from specific MAC addresses.

Port Security works by inspecting the source MAC addresses of received frames and validating them against the contents in the Static MAC Address Table (See Chapter 2 - Configuring MAC Address Management). Unauthorized frames will be filtered and, optionally, the port that receives the frame shutdown permanently or for a period of time. An alarm will be raised indicating the unauthorized MAC address (See Chapter 8 – Diagnostics).

Unicast frames to unknown destination addresses will not be flooded through secure ports.

The switch can also be programmed to learn and allow the first source MAC address encountered on the port. This feature provides a convenient means for network administrators to “capture” the appropriate secure addresses when turning up a port. The MAC address will be permanently added to the Static MAC Address Table.

Note: Port security is applied at the edge of the network in order to restrict admission to specific devices. Do not apply port security on core switch connections or where traffic types such as RSTP or IGMP are active.

Broadcast Rate Limiting

Broadcast rate filtering provides a means to limit the rate of broadcast frames accepted by each port.

Broadcast rate filtering limits the severity of broadcast storms.

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Controller Protection Through Loss-of-Link Management

Modern industrial controllers often feature backup Ethernet ports used in the event of a link failure. When these interfaces are supported by media (such as fiber) that employ separate transmit and receive paths, the interface can be vulnerable to failures that occur in only one of the two paths.

Refer to the following figure. While the link between switch A and the controller functions normally, the controller holds the backup link down. Switch B learns that it must forward frames towards switch A in order to reach the controller.

Unfortunately, if the transmission path from the controller to switch A fails, switch A will still generate link signals to the controller. The controller will still detect link to switch A and will not failover to the backup port.

To remainder of network..

Switch A			Switch B

Main Backup

Controller

Figure 11: Controller Protection Through FEFI

When FEFI is enabled the switch bases generation of link signal upon its reception of link signal. If switch A fails to receive a link signal from the controller it will stop generating a link signal. The controller will detect the link failure and switch to the backup port.

Part of the Controller Protection Through FEFI feature is the flushing of the MAC address table for the controller port. Frames destined for the controller will be flooded to switch B where they will be forwarded to the controller (after the controller transmits its first frame).

The FEFI feature on 10BaseFL ports causes the transmitter to be disabled, which suspends the sending of link pulses. The FEFI feature on 100BaseFX ports causes a FEFI signal to be sent instead of a link carrier signal.

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