Kodak AS-116 User Manual

AS-116

KODAK AEROCOLOR III Negative Film 2444

KODAK AEROCOLOR III Negative Film 2444 is a medium-speed, very fine-grain color negative aerial film. This film has a wide exposure latitude and is specifically designed for processing to a color negative only. Since this film does not have integral color masking, direct interpretation can be made from the negative. Objects are recorded in colors complementary to their natural colors.

The ESTAR Base provides flexibility, moisture resistance, high tear resistance, and excellent dimensional stability. KODAK AEROCOLOR III Negative Film 2444 has an abrasion-resistant emulsion, an antihalation undercoat, and a dyed-gel backing.

The hardened emulsion permits high-temperature, rapid processing in roller-transport processors, such as the KODAK Aerial Color Processor, Model 1611, and the KODAK EKTACHROME RT Processor, Model 1811, with Quick-Change, using Process AN-6. This process consists of selected KODAK EA-5 Chemicals and AN-6 Chemicals. Processing can be easily tailored to optimize contrast for specific applications.

This film is also compatible with Process C-41. It can be processed in existing C-41 processors using either KODAK FLEXICOLOR Developer or KODAK Developer Replenisher, Process AN-6.

This film can be processed in rewind processing equipment, such as the Morse M-10 developing outfit (Military Designator: B-5), although this is not a primary processing recommendation.

APPLICATIONS

KODAK AEROCOLOR III Negative Film 2444 is for general use in mediumto high-altitude aerial-mapping and aerial-reconnaissance photography. It is suited for geological, pollution, archeological, crop and forestry studies; traffic control; city planning; railway, highway, and hydraulic engineering; oceanography; and remote sensing, as well as other areas where photogrammetry is used. It is also well suited and recommended for use in digital film recorders.

TOTAL FILM THICKNESS

The nominal total thickness (unprocessed) of this film is 5.2 mils (0.132 mm). This includes emulsion—0.8 mil (0.020 mm), base—3.9 mils (0.10 mm), and backing— 0.5 mil (0.013 mm).

WEIGHT

The weight of AEROCOLOR III Negative Film 2444 (unprocessed), conditioned in equilibrium with 50 percent relative humidity, is 0.04 lbs⁄sq ft (0.018 kg⁄sq ft).

SPECTRAL SENSITIVITY

This multilayer, color negative film is balanced for daylight exposure.

SAFELIGHT

Total darkness is required.

EXPOSURE

Aerial Film Speeds (EAFS or ISO A equivalent) should not be confused with conventional film speeds, which are designed for roll and sheet films used in pictorial photography. The characteristics of aerial scenes differ markedly from those of ordinary pictorial or ground scenes because of the smaller range in subject luminance, atmospheric haze conditions, and other factors. Therefore, different film-speed parameters are used to relate aerial-scene characteristics to practical exposure recommendations.

The KODAK Aerial Exposure Computer, KODAK Publication AS-10, has been published based on the aerial film speed criterion.

Nominal speed, daylight (no filter): EAFS or ISO A 125

(based on development for maximum contrast)

Note: The Aerial Film Speed given in this publication is rounded to the nearest cube root of 2 step (equivalent to 1⁄3 stop).

BASE

3.9-mil (0.10 mm) ESTAR Base with a gel backing.

Filters

This film incorporates an integral ultraviolet-absorbing filter, so color correction filters are not normally used. If necessary, additional color-balance adjustment in the blue region can be achieved using KODAK Haze Cutting Filters HF-4 or HF-5.

©Eastman Kodak Company, 2005

Typical Camera Exposure

A typical exposure for this film, in an aerial camera with a

2X antivignetting filter, is approximately 1⁄750 second at f⁄5.6. This exposure is based on a solar altitude of 40 degrees,

a clear day, and an aircraft altitude of 5000 feet.

Reciprocity Characteristics

No filter correction or exposure adjustment is required for exposure times from 1⁄10,000 second to 1⁄10 second.

IMAGE STRUCTURE

		Resolving Power		rms
	Process	(line pairs/mm)
				Granularity*
		TOC 1.6:1	TOC 1000:1
	AN-6, 3:00 dev time	80	100	16
	C-41, 4:15 dev time	80	125	15
	C-41, 3:15 dev time	80	125	10

*Granularity values read at a net green diffuse density of 1.0 with a 48-micrometre aperture.

STORAGE

For consistent results, all aerial films should be stored under fairly constant conditions. Kodak aerial films are “usually” packaged in equilibrium with 40 to 50 percent relative humidity. High temperatures or high humidity may produce undesirable changes in the film. Color films are more seriously affected by adverse storage conditions than are black-and-white films. These adverse conditions affect the three emulsion layers to different degrees, thus causing changes in the color balance, as well as possible changes in overall film speed and contrast.

Unexposed Film

While this film has exceptionally good rawstock keeping characteristics at room temperature, it is recommended that

film that will not be exposed within two weeks be stored in a refrigerator at 55°F (13°C) or lower, or freezer at 0 to -10°F (-18 to -23°C), in the original sealed container. If the film is

stored in a refrigerator, remove it about 2 hours before opening; if stored in a freezer, remove it about 8 hours before opening. A sufficient warm-up time is necessary to prevent moisture condensation on cold film—otherwise, moisture spotting, ferrotyping, or sticking may occur.

Exposed Film

Although this film has excellent latent-keeping properties, it remains prudent to keep exposed film cool and dry whenever practical. Process the film as soon as possible after exposure to avoid undesirable changes in the latent image. If it is necessary to hold exposed but unprocessed film for more than a week, it should be resealed and refrigerated at 40°F (4°C) or lower. Before unsealing and processing exposed film that has been held in cold storage, follow the warm-up procedures described above for unexposed film.

Processed Film

For best keeping, store processed film in a dark, dust-free area at 50 to 70°F (10 to 21°C) and 30 to 50 percent relative

humidity. Preferably, store negatives on the spool or in individual KODAK Sleeves. High relative humidity promotes the growth of mold and causes ferrotyping. Very

low relative humidity causes excessive curl and brittleness. Avoid storage temperatures over 80°F (27°C).

Caution! Do not freeze processed AEROCOLOR III Color Negative Film 2444. Freezing processed film can cause coupler alterations.

PROCESSING

The primary recommendation for processing 2444 Film is in Process AN-6 using mechanized processors. Mechanized processing in roller-transport processors offers the advantages of uniform treatment of all portions of the roll, freedom from banding, and absence of significant density variations from ends of the roll to the center.

Note: Contrast may be easily tailored over a range of approximately 0.65 to 0.95 gamma to suit various acquisition and personal preferences. The following tables for Process AN-6 pertain to the highest contrast option; a table at the end of this section lists both AN-6 and C-41 developer time/temperature options to achieve a variety of desired contrasts.

Process AN-6 Cycle Times

		Transport Speed	Dry-to-Dry
	Processor		Processing
		(feet per minute)
			Time
	KODAK Aerial Color	4.2	11.8 minutes
	Processor, Model 1611
	KODAK EKTACHROME
	RT Processor, Model	4.2	11.6 minutes
	1811 (with Quick-Change)

In each case, the film is fed emulsion side down into the processor.

This publication provides general information regarding the KODAK Aerial Color Processor, Model 1611, and the KODAK EKTACHROME RT Processor, Model 1811.

Refer to the operating manuals for additional set-up information.

Note: For a list of firms equipped to offer machine processing of 2444 Film, send an e-mail to [e-mail] or write to Eastman Kodak Company, Aerial Imaging, Rochester, New York 14653-7128.

2	KODAK AEROCOLOR III Negative Film 2444 • AS-116