AS-24
KODAK TRI-X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2403
KODAK TRI-X AERECON Film SO-050
KODAK TRI-X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2403 and KODAK TRI-X AERECON Film SO-050 are panchromatic, negative aerial camera films that have high speed, moderate contrast, and extended red sensitivity for the reduction of haze effects. The photographic properties of these two films are virtually identical; the physical properties differ due to the difference in base thickness.
Their ESTAR Base and ESTAR Thin Base provide flexibility, moisture resistance, high tear resistance, and excellent dimensional stability. These films have highly hardened emulsions which provide high acutance, or improved image sharpness, and permit high-temperature rapid processing in modern continuous processing machines.
These films can be processed in the KODAK VERSAMAT Film Processor, Model 11 or 1140, with KODAK VERSAMAT 885 Chemicals, KODAK VERSAMAT 641 Chemicals, or KODAK VERSAMAT Chemicals, Type A. KODAK TRI-X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2403 can also be processed at normal temperatures in conventional rewind equipment, such as the Gordon/Morse M-10 Developing Outfit (Military Designator: B-5) using a variety of Kodak black-and-white developers.
Caution: KODAK TRI-X AEROGRAPHIC and AERECON Films are susceptible to static markings at low relative humidities. These films are packaged at the optimum relative humidity (45 to 50 percent) and are maintained at this level by the sealed package. In conditions of low relative humidity, these films should be loaded and used immediately after the package is opened, before the film becomes too dry. The camera should be checked to see that all its parts are grounded adequately. Also, these films should be handled carefully during all loading, unloading, and preprocessing operations.
APPLICATIONS
KODAK TRI-X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2403 is a high-speed film for use in low-altitude, large-scale aerial mapping for photogrammetry, or in mapping at low light levels caused by low solar altitudes.
KODAK TRI-X AERECON Film SO-050 is suitable for reconnaissance under minimum levels of illumination.
BASE
2403 Film: 3.9-mil (0.10 mm) ESTAR Base with dyed-gel backing
SO-050 Film: 2.5-mil (0.063 mm) ESTAR Thin Base with dyed-gel backing
TOTAL FILM THICKNESS
The nominal total thickness (unprocessed) of each film is:
2403 Film: 4.55 mils (0.115 mm)
This includes emulsion—0.45 mils (0.010 mm), base— 3.9 mils (0.10 mm) and dyed-gel backing—0.20 mil (0.005 mm).
SO-050 Film: 3.15 mils (0.080 mm)
This includes emulsion—0.45 mils (0.011 mm), base— 2.5 mils (0.063 mm) and dyed-gel backing—0.20 mil (0.005 mm).
WEIGHT
The weight of each film (unprocessed), conditioned in equilibrium with 50 percent relative humidity, is:
2403 Film: 0.037 lbs⁄sq ft2 (0.0168 kg⁄ft2)
SO-050 Film: 0.021 lbs⁄sq ft2 (0.0095 kg⁄ft2)
SPECTRAL SENSITIVITY
Panchromatic, with extended red sensitivity.
SAFELIGHT
Total darkness is required.
©Eastman Kodak Company, 2000
EXPOSURE
Aerial film speeds (ISO A or EAFS) should not be confused with conventional film speeds which are designed for roll and sheet films used in pictorial photography. The characteristics of aerial scenes differ markedly from those of ordinary pictorial or ground scenes because of the smaller range in subject luminances, atmospheric haze conditions, and other factors. Therefore, different film-speed parameters are used to relate aerial-scene characteristics to practical exposure recommendations. The KODAK Aerial Exposure Computer, KODAK Publication AS-10 has been published based on the aerial film speed criterion.
Nominal speed, daylight (no filter): EAFS or ISO A 500
Other suggested aerial film speeds for processing these films in the KODAK VERSAMAT Film Processor, Models 11 or 1140, using VERSAMAT 885 Chemicals,
641 Chemicals, and Type A Chemicals can be found in the sensitometric data tables.
Note: The aerial film speeds given in this publication were obtained by rounding the calculated values to the nearest cube root of 2 step (equivalent to 1⁄3 stop).
Filters
KODAK PROFESSIONAL WRATTEN Gelatin Filter
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No. 12 |
No. 25 |
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Filter Factor |
1.5 |
3 |
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Typical Camera Exposure
A typical exposure for this film is approximately 1⁄400 second at f⁄8. This exposure is based on a solar altitude of 5 degrees, a clear day, an aircraft altitude of 5,000 feet, and a speed of ISO A 640 (no filter).
When using an aerial camera equipped with an antivignetting filter, or other filter, it is important to increase this typical exposure by the filter factor of the filter used.
Reciprocity Characteristics
No exposure or development time adjustments are required for exposure times from 1,000 second to 1⁄10 second. At 1⁄10,000 second, increase the development time by 10 percent.
IMAGE STRUCTURE
The following data are based on processing in a KODAK VERSAMAT Film Processor using KODAK VERSAMAT Chemicals.
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Resolving Power |
rms |
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(line pairs/mm) |
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Granularity* |
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TOC 1.6:1 |
TOC 1000:1 |
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VERSAMAT Model 11 |
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885 Chemicals† |
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40 |
100 |
40 |
641 Chemicals‡ |
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25 |
100 |
33 |
Type A Chemicals§ |
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32 |
80 |
55 |
VERSAMAT Model 1140 |
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885 Chemicals¶ |
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40 |
100 |
33 |
* Granularity values read at a net diffuse density of 1.0 with a
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48-micrometre aperture. |
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885--2 racks, 10 fpm, 85° F (29.5° C), process gamma 1.40 |
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641--2 racks, 6.5 fpm, 85° F (29.5° C), process gamma 1.25 |
§ Type A--2 racks, 10 fpm, 90° F (32° C), process gamma 1.70 ¶ 885--1 rack, 15 fpm, 99° F (37° C), process gamma 0.95
STORAGE
For consistent results, all aerial films should be stored under fairly constant conditions. Kodak aerial films are “usually” packaged in equilibrium with 40 to 50 percent relative humidity. High temperatures or high humidity may produce undesirable changes in the film.
Unexposed Film
Store unexposed film in a refrigerator at 55° F (13° C) or lower, or freezer at 0 to -10° F (-18 to -23° C), in the original sealed container. If the film is stored in a refrigerator, remove it about 2 hours before opening; if stored in a freezer, remove it about 8 hours before opening. A sufficient warm-up time is necessary to prevent moisture condensation on cold film— otherwise, moisture spotting, ferrotyping, or sticking may occur.
Exposed Film
Keep exposed film cool and dry. Process the film as soon as possible after exposure to avoid undesirable changes in the latent image. If it is necessary to hold exposed but unprocessed film for several days (such as over a weekend), it should be resealed and refrigerated at 40° F (4° C) or lower. Before unsealing and processing exposed film that has been held in cold storage, follow the warm-up procedures described for unexposed film described above.
Processed Film
For best keeping, store processed film in a dark, dust-free area at 50 to 70° F (10 to 21° C) and 30 to 50 percent relative humidity. Preferably, store negatives on the spool or in individual KODAK Sleeves. High relative humidity promotes the growth of mold and causes ferrotyping. Very low relative humidity causes excessive curl and brittleness. Avoid storage temperatures over 80° F (27° C).
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KODAK TRI-X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2403 KODAK TRI-X AERECON Film SO-050 • AS-24 |
PROCESSING
KODAK TRI-X AEROGRAPHIC and AERECON Films can be processed in the KODAK VERSAMAT Film Processor, Model 11 or 1140, with KODAK VERSAMAT 885 Chemicals, KODAK VERSAMAT 641 Chemicals, or KODAK VERSAMAT Chemicals, Type A.
Mechanized processing in roller-transport processors offers the advantages of uniform treatment of all portions of the roll, freedom from banding, and absence of significant density variations from ends of the roll to the center. Refer to the operator’s manual for the processor set-up information, but in all cases, the fixer replenisher should be introduced into tank No. 5 of the processor with a countercurrent flow to tank No. 3, where it overflows to a collection or recovery system.
General instructions for setting the machine dryer temperature are included in these pages. However, the temperature of the dryer may require some further adjustment, depending upon the ambient temperature conditions in the processing area. Usually it is best to set the temperature approximately 3° F (2° C) above that required to dry unexposed, processed film.
Chemicals
The following KODAK VERSAMAT Chemicals may be used in both the Model 11 and Model 1140 VERSAMAT Processors.
KODAK VERSAMAT 885 Developer Starter
KODAK VERSAMAT 885 Developer Replenisher
KODAK VERSAMAT 885 Fixer and Replenisher
KODAK VERSAMAT 641 Developer Starter
KODAK VERSAMAT 641 Developer Replenisher
KODAK VERSAMAT 641 Fixer and Replenisher
KODAK VERSAMAT Developer Starter, Type A
KODAK VERSAMAT Developer Replenisher, Type A
KODAK VERSAMAT Fixer and Replenisher, Type A
Notice: Observe precautionary information on product labels and Material Safety Data Sheets.
Replenishment Rates
Basic developer and fixer replenishment rates, in millilitres per square inch of film processed, vary depending upon the type of chemicals used. The following rates apply to processing in the VERSAMAT Processor, Models 11 and 1140.
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Basic Replenishment Rates (mL/in2) |
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KODAK VERSAMAT Chemicals |
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885 |
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641 |
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Type A |
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Developer |
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0.36 |
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0.34 |
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0.20 |
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Fixer |
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0.45 |
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0.68 |
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0.34 |
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Processing Sequence |
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KODAK VERSAMAT Processor, Model 11 |
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(all recommended chemicals) |
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Processing |
No. of |
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Path |
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Temperature |
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Step |
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Racks |
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Length |
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Develop* |
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1 or 2 |
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1.2 or 2.4 m |
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85 ± |
0.5° F |
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(4 or 8 ft) |
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(29.5 ± |
0.3° C) |
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Fix |
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3 |
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3.6 m |
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85° F (29.5° C), |
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(12 ft) |
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nominal |
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Wash |
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2 |
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2.4 m |
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2 to 6° F (1 to 3° C) below |
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(8 ft) |
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developer temperature |
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Dry |
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2.4 m |
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135 to 145° F (57 to 63° C) |
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(8 ft) |
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*For KODAK VERSAMAT Chemicals, Type A, use 90° F (32° C). |
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Sensitometric Data |
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KODAK VERSAMAT 885 Chemicals, Model 11 |
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Machine |
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1 Developer Rack |
2 Developer Racks |
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Speed |
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Average |
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ISO A |
D-min |
Average |
ISO A |
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D-min |
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(fpm) |
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Gamma |
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Gamma |
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85° F (29.5° C) |
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5 |
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1.10 |
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640 |
0.21 |
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1.80 |
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800 |
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0.28 |
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10 |
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0.70 |
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400 |
0.14 |
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1.40 |
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640 |
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0.15 |
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15 |
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0.55 |
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250 |
0.13 |
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1.10 |
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640 |
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0.12 |
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20 |
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0.41 |
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125 |
0.13 |
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0.95 |
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500 |
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0.12 |
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25 |
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0.36 |
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100 |
0.12 |
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0.80 |
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400 |
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0.12 |
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Fixing: Adequate fixing is obtained at machine speeds up to and including 20 feet per minute.
Washing: With two developer racks, LE-100 keeping quality is obtained at process machine speeds up to 10 feet per minute, and LE-10 is obtained up to and including 20 feet per minute. (LE = Life Expectancy)
Drying: Adequate drying is obtained at machine speeds up to and including 15 feet per minute.
KODAK TRI-X AEROGRAPHIC Film 2403 KODAK TRI-X AERECON Film SO-050 • AS-24 |
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