Kenwood TS-440S User Manual

HF TRANSCEIVER

TS-440S

INSTRUCTION MANUAL

KENWOOD CORPORATION

©PRINTED IN JAPAN B50-8048-30(K, M, T, W) 91/12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Thank	you for	purchasing	the new TS-440S tran­
sceiver.	Please	read this	instruction manual carefully

before placing your transceiver in service. This unit has been carefully engineered and manufactured to rigid quality standards, and should give you satisfactory and dependable operation for many years.

The following explicit definitions apply in this manual:

Note:	If disregarded, inconvenience only, no risk
	of equipment damage or personal injury.
Caution:	Equipment damage may occur, but not per­
	sonal injury.

This	Instruction Manual			covers	the	TS-440S,
with	and	without	AT	(Automatic		Antenna
Tuner)	unit.	When	there are		differences in
operation, separate instructions will be						given for
each	model.	Illustrations		show	the	TS-440S

with AT unit.

CONTENTS

1.	FEATURES..............................................................			3
2.	INSTALLATION........................................................			4
2-1. PRECAUTIONS....................................................				4
2-2. FIXED STATION...................................................				4
2-2-1. Interconnection................................................				4
2-2-2. Grounding........................................................				4
2-2-3. Antenna...........................................................				5
2-2-4. Key connection................................................				5
2-	3. MOBILE............................................................			5
2-3-1. Mounting bracket installation ...........................				5
2- 3-2. Power supply connection.............................				5
3.	OPERATION............................................................			6
3-	1. OPERATING CONTROLS................................			6
3- 1-1. Front panel..................................................				6
3-1-2. Rear panel.....................................................				10
3-1-3. Top cover.......................................................				11
3-2. RECEIVE............................................................				12
3-2-1. Initial setting..................................................				12
3-2-2. CW zero-beat operation................................				12
3-2-3. Direct keyboard frequency entry...................				13
3-2-4. AM reception.................................................				13
3-3. TRANSMIT.........................................................				13
3-3-1. SSB (LSB, USB) mode.................................				13
3-3-2. CW mode......................................................				14
		(a) Semi-automaticbreak-in........................		14
		(b) Full-automatic break-in..........................		14
3-3-3. FM mode ......................................................				14
		• Subaudible tone........................................		15
3-3-4. AM mode.......................................................				15
3-4. AUTOMATIC ANTENNA TUNER ......................				15
3-5. DUAL DIGITAL VFO's........................................				15
3-5-1. Why two VFO's..............................................				15
3-5-2. Split frequency..............................................				15
		(a) A = B switch...........................................		1 5
		(b) A/B switch...............................................		1 5
		(c) SPLIT switch.........................................		15
		(d) T-F SET switch......................................		15
3-6. MEMORY ...........................................................				16
3-6-1. Memory entry..................................................				16
3-6-2. Transferring memory information to the
		VFO.............................................................		16
3-6-3. Transferring data between memory
		channels......................................................		17
3-6-4. Entering/Transferring data in the split
		frequency channels.....................................		17
3-6-5.		Clearing a memory channel......................		17
3-6-6.		Memory	recall...........................................	17
3-7. SCAN ..................................................................				17
3-7-1.		Memory	scan............................................	17
3-7-2.		Program scan............................................		18
3-7-3. Scan speed...................................................				18
3-7-4. Memory channel lockout...............................				18
3-8. AFSK..................................................................				19
3-8-1. Reception.......................................................				19
3-8-2. Transmit........................................................				19
3-8-3. AMTOR operation.........................................				19
3-9. OPERATION WITH A LINEAR AMPLIFIER.. 19

4. CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION ......................................				20
4-1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION.................................				20
4-2. TRANSMITTER SECTION.................................				20
4-3. RECEIVER SECTION........................................				20
4- 4. CIRCUIT BOARD DESCRIPTION..................				20
4-4-1. RF unit (X44-1 680-00).................................				20
4-4-2. IF unit (X60-1300-00)....................................				20
4-4-3. Control unit (X53-1450-00)............................				20
4-4-4. PLL unit (X50-2050-00).................................				20
4-4-5. Final unit (X45-1470-00)...............................				20
4-4-6. Filter unit (X51-1 340-00)..............................				20
4- 4-7. AT (Automatic Antenna Tuner) unit
		(X 57-1150-00)............................................		20
5.	MAINTENANCE AND ADJUSTMENT...................			21
5-		1. GENERAL INFORMATION ...........................		21
5-2. SERVICE............................................................				21
5-3. CLEANING..........................................................				21
5-4. IN CASE OF DIFFICULTY..................................				21
5-5. MICROPROCESSOR BACK-UP
		LITHIUM BATTERY.........................................		22
5-6. MICROPROCESSOR RESET...........................				22
5-7. ORDERING SPARE PARTS..............................				22
5-		8. ADJUSTMENTS.............................................		23
5-		8-1.	Cover removal..........................................	23
5-8-2.			Internal views...........................................	23
5-8-3.			Digital display calibration..........................	24
5-8-4. Optional 10 Hz display resolution.................				24
5-8-5. CW zero beat frequency selection................				24
5-8-6.			Side tone level..........................................	25
5-8-7.			Beep tone selection..................................	25
5-8-8.			Beep tone level........................................	25
5-8-9.			Tuning dial torque....................................	26
5-8-10.			Linear amplifier control.............................	26
6.	OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES..................................			27
6- 1. CRYSTAL FILTER INSTALLATION...............				27
6-2. VOICE SYNTHESIZER UNIT VS-1
		INSTALLATION ..............................................		28
6-3. INTERFACE 1C KIT IC-10
		INSTALLATION ..............................................		29
6-4. OTHER ACCESSORIES....................................				30
7.	BLOCK DIAGRAM.................................................			33
8.	SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM........................................			34
9.	SPECIFICATIONS AND ACCESSORIES.............			41
9-1. SPECIFICATIONS.............................................				41
9-		2. ACCESSORIES..............................................		42
10.	REFERENCE.......................................................			43
10-		1. ANTENNA INSTALLATION.........................		43
10-1-1. Fixed station................................................				43
10-1-2. Mobile..........................................................				43
10-2. MOBILE OPERATION......................................				44
10-2-1. Installation....................................................				44
10-2-2. Noise reduction............................................				45
10-2-3. Battery capacity...........................................				45
10-3. RADIO FREOUENCY ALLOCATION...............				46

1.FEATURES

1.Wide dynamic range

New advances in circuit design have made a 102 dB dynamic range (500 Hz IF bandwidth) possible.

2.General coverage reception from 100 kHz to 30 MHz

In addition to transmission and reception on all amateur bands from 1.8 to 28 MHz, the TS-440S provides a continuous tuning general coverage receiver with a range of 100 kHz to 30 MHz.

3. Automatic antenna tuner

The optional, built-in automatic antenna tuner will oper­ ate from 3.5 to 28 MHz.

4. All-mode operation

USB, LSB, CW, AM, FM, and AFSK modes are provided.

5. 100% continuous duty transmit

Transmission at a 100% duty cycle is possible for rela­ tively long durations (one hour or less) in any mode, including FM and AFSK.

6. CW full break-in

Full break-in operation is possible in the CW mode. Rapid transmit/receive switching also makes the radio suitable for data communications in the SSB mode, such as AMTOR.

7. Build-in XIT

XIT (Transmitter incremental tuning) allows fine tun­ ing of the transmitter frequency.

8. Switchable IF bandwidth

The IF bandswitch allows you to tailor the receiver

bandwidth		to the operating conditions. Several selec­
tions	are	provided; AUTO, W		(Wide),	Ml (Medium 1),
M2 (Medium 2)			and N (Narrow). When the AUTO po­
sition	has	been	selected the	radio will	select the opti­

mum bandwidth for the selected mode of operation.

9. Switchable AGC time constant

A switch is provided to select either FAST or SLOW AGC action.

10.All mode squelch

11.Built-in RF power/SWR meter

12.Versatile frequency control

•	Accurate frequency selection is possible due to the
	use of a single reference oscillator circuit.

•Continuous tuning of all frequencies thru the use of

	digital VFO technology. The basic 10		Hz step tun­
	ing rate is modified, according to	the	selected	mode,
	for optimum tuning speed and accuracy. An			auto­
	matic fast scan function is also provided.
•	Dual, digital VFO's (A/B) enable crossband,			cross
	mode operation.
•	100-channel memory (including	10	odd-split	chan­

nels) stores the frequency, band, and mode.

•Memory scan and two programmable scan ranges.

•Direct entry of the desired frequency using the front

	panel numeric keypad is also possible.
•	A memory	scroll function allows review	of the
	memory channel contents.
•	Selection of	the desired memory channel Ts	possi­

ble using either the TUNING dial or microphone UP/DOWN pushbuttons.

•The T-F SET function is useful for split frequency operation.

•An optional tone unit TU-8 may be used in conjunc­ tion with the odd-split memory channels to allow 10 meter repeater operations with CTCSS access.

•Optional computer interface.

•Built-in long-life memory back-up battery.

•	2-color fluorescent display tube indicates frequen­
	cy and other operational data.

13.Front panel control of the TUNING dial torque is provided.

2. INSTALLATION

2-1. PRECAUTION

1. Avoid direct sunlight, and select a dry, well venti­ lated location.

2.Since the heat sink is on the rear panel, avoid plac­

ing the equipment with the bottom and rear sides close to a wall or desk.

3. When installing the equipment in an automobile, en­ sure adequate ventilation. Install the equipment in

a location where the rear does not make direct con­ tact with the seat, and is not directly exposed to vibration.

Avoid	installing	the equipment in	front	of the car
heater air outlet.
The	standard	operating voltage	of the	equipment

is 13.8 V. Do not operate below 12 V or over 16 V.

2-2. FIXED STATION

2-2-1. Interconnection
The TS-440S requires more than			18A	at	13.8 VDC
when	transmitting	at full power.	Use	the	PS-50 or
PS-430 power supply for fixed stations.
Note:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
The	PS-50 base	station supply is	needed for continu­

ous transmission operation.

Key

2-2-2. Grounding

Caution: -----------------

Never use a gas pipe or electrical conduit pipe.

Notes:---------------------------------------------------------------------------

1.

A

ground connection that is a 1/4 wavelength or

its

multiple may provide a good DC

ground,

but

it

will not provide a good RF ground.

2.

A

city

water

pipe

cannot

be

used

as

a

good

earth

in some cases.

Making a good earth connection is

important

for

preventing dangers such as electric shock

and

for

emit­

ting

a

high quality signal with minimum

spurious

radi­

ation.

Bury

a

commercially

available

ground

rod

or

copper

plate under the ground and connect it to the

GND

terminal

of

the

TS-440S.

A

thick

wire,

cut

as

short

as possible,

should be

used

for

the

connection.

To make a good earth connection, connect the GND terminal to a grounded metal water pipe.

The transceiver can be elevated for operating con­ venience.

Caution: -----------------------------------------------------------------------

2-2-3. Antenna Caution: -------------

Protect your equipment —Use a LIGHTNING AR­ RESTOR.

Any of the common antenna systems designed for use on the high frequency amateur bands may be used with the TS-440S provided the input impedance of the transmission line is not outside the capability of the Au­

tomatic Antenna

Tuner.

The

transmission

line

should

be

coaxial

cable.

An

antenna system which shows a

SWR

(Standing

Wave

Ratio) of less than 1 . 5 : 1

when

using

50

ohm

coaxial

transmission

line,

or

a

system

that

results

in

a

transmission line input

impedance

that

is essentially

resistive,

and between 20 and 1 50 ohms

will

take

power

from

the

transceiver

through the

AT

unit.

2-2-4. Key connection

Your

key

should

be

connected as illustrated in the

figure

below.

When

using

an

electronic

keyer,

make

sure

that

polarity

is set

for

positive.

Always

use

shield­

ed line from the key to transceiver.

2-3. MOBILE

Being compact in design, this			transceiver	is	ideal	for
mobile	operation.	Satisfactory	mobile	operation		is
achieved	through	proper power	and antenna		connec­
tion, and thoughtful transceiver			installation		and	ad­
justment.

2-3-1. Mounting bracket installation

Secure the TS-440S under the dashboard using an op­ tional MB-430 mounting bracket. As an alternative, use strapping, making sure that the TS-440S will not slip out of place while operating the vehicle.

Notes: --------------------------------------------------------------------------

1.Do not install the TS-440S near the heater outlet.

2.Allow sufficient space behind the TS-440S to en­ sure proper ventilation.

2-3-2. Power supply connection

Cautions: ---------------------------------------------------------------------

1. Turn POWER switch OFF before connecting/disconnecting the power cable.

2. Observe battery polarity.

DC power cable

Red and white -f-

Black and gray -

3.When charging your vehicle battery, or when jump-

starting a dead battery, ALWAYS disconnect the power cable from the back of the transceiver, or damage may result to the transceiver.

Connect the TS-440S power cable to the battery ter­

minals, with consideration to current						requirements		and
noise prevention.		The	maximum current drawn by the
TS-440S	reaches	between		18	and	20A	when trans­
mitting.	Therefore,	the	cable	should		be made as		short
as possible, using		the specified			fuse.	Also,	confirm	that

the power system of the car (including the battery and generator or alternator) will handle the increased load of the TS-440S.

12V Battery

Fuse should be as close to the battery terminal as possible.

Diock battery accsition. 20A mini-

9 -

rt as possible. TS-440S

3. OPERATION

3-1. OPERATING CONTROLS

3-1-1. Front panel

0 POWER switch

Press to turn the power ON or OFF.

(2) Meter

During receive the meter is				used as an S-meter. Dur­
ing	transmit	the	function of	the meter is controlled by
the	Meter	switch	, and	provides either ALC level,

PWR (power) or SWR readings.

MODE/KEY (Numeric Keypad)

These keys are used to select the desired mode of oper­ ation (USB, LSB, CW, AM, FM, AFSK). When program­ ming a memory channel or directly entering a frequency these keys are used as a numeric keypad to enter the channel number or frequency.

(^ Frequency display

The operating frequency is displayed down to the nearest 100 Hz. Also displays the memory channel number, RIT/XIT frequency, and includes indicators for memory, VFO A/B, scan, split and RIT/XIT operations.

(D FUNCTION switches

The switches included	in	this group are the RIT/XIT,
T-F SET switch, and	the	VFO select switches. (See
page 15.)

(j) MIC gain control

Microphone gain can be adjusted during USB, LSB, AFSK and AM operations. Gain is increased thru clock­ wise rotation of this control.

Indicators

AT TUNE: Lights when the AT TUNE switch is ON.
	Turns	itself		OFF	when	the	antenna		tuner
	has completed tuning.
NOTCH:	Lights when the NOTCH switch is ON.
F.LOCK:	Lights when the F.LOCK switch is ON.
1 MHz:	Lights when the 1 MHz step switch is ON.
M.SCR:	Lights when the M.IN switch is pressed.
	When	the	memory scroll			function		is	active
	you	can		review	the	contents		of	the
	memory channels without a break in the
	reception		of	the	station	you	are	listening
	to.
ON AIR:	Lights during transmit.

CAR (Carrier level) control

This	control sets	the carrier level during CW, FM and
AM	operations.	When transmitting in the CW mode,

adjust so that the ALC meter pointer is within the ALC zone.

SQL (Squelch) control

This function operates in all modes, FM, USB, LSB, CW, AFSK, and AM.

This control is used to eliminate atmospheric noise, and receiver static noise during no signal periods. Slowly rotate the control clockwise to the point where the am­

bient	noise just	disapears, and	speaker	shuts	off.	This
point	is known	as the squelch	threshold	point.	Now	you

will only hear output from the speaker when an incomming signal is present. For weak signal reception this control should be fully counterclockwise.

•(0)

Note:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

The squelch threshold position will vary from mode to mode, so you may have to readjust when you change modes.

(0) NOTCH control

The NOTCH function is used to reduce or eliminate het­

erodyne, or CW type signals. The			NOTCH filter will		not
be	effective against SSB,	AM or	FM type	signals.	To
use	the control, place the	NOTCH	switch ON	and slow­

ly rotate the NOTCH control to reduce the interference.

Normally	the notch point	will	occur between the	11:00
and 1:00 o'clock position.
Notes:-----------------------------------------------			---------------------------
1. The	NOTCH frequency	can	be varied within a	range

of approximately 400 to 2600 Hz.

2.When an interfering signal such as a CW station

appears,	slowly	rotate	the	NOTCH		control. If		you
rotate the	knob	too quickly		you	may	pass	right	over
the notch	point.	Slow	rotation		will	yield	the	best

results.

Interfering			Receive	Interfering		Receive
				signal attenuated		signal
signal			signal
				by NOTCH control		/ /
\
Audio output				Audio output
(NOTCH OFF)				(NOTCH ON)

NOTCH control

(Q) IF SHIFT control

Note: —-- ----------------------------------------------------------------------

The IF SHIFT control does	not function	in the	AM or
FM modes.
The IF SHIFT control allows	you to shift the IF pass-
band of the receiver without	changing the	actual	center

frequency of the receiver. This control is useful when there is interference near your center frequency. As the accompanying illustration shows rotating this control may place the interfering signal outside the receiver

passband,	allowing		for easier copy. The operation of
this control	in	the	USB, LSB, AFSK, and CW modes
is detailed below.
• USB mode
Interference		from	lower frequencies can be reduced
or eliminated		by	rotating the IF SHIFT control in the

0 direction. This will cause the resulting audio fre­

quencies		to	have a		slightly	treble	response,			i.e.low
cut	filter	(low		frequencies		attenuated).		Interference
from	higher		frequencies can			be reduced		or	eliminat­
ed by rotating the IF SHIFT						control in the			0	direc­
tion.	This	will		cause	the resulting		audio	frequencies

to sound a little bassy, i.e.high cut filter (high fre­ quencies attenuated).

•LSB/AFSK mode

Interference from				lower		frequencies		can be		reduced
or	eliminated		by	rotating		the	IF SHIFT		control in		the
0	direction. This will cause the resulting audio fre­
quencies		to	sound a		little		bassy,	just	the	opposite
of	the	effect	in	the	USB		mode.	Interference			from

higher frequencies can be reduced or eliminated by

rotating the IF SHIFT control in the Q direction. This will cause the resulting audio frequencies to ap­

pear a little on	the high side, again		just the	opposite
of the USB mode.
CW mode
The operation	of the	IF SHIFT control is similar to
that for USB with the		exception that you can con­
trol the tone of the		CW note by	using	the RIT
control.
Turned in ^direction		Turned in ^direction

Turn in Qdirection	Turn in ^direction
to eliminate inter­	to eliminate inter­
ference from signal	ference from signal
	K-

IF SHIFT operation

®RIT/XIT control

•RIT control

When

the

transmit

frequency

of

the

distant station

drifts

a

little bit

during

the QSO, but you do not wish

to alter your

transmit

frequency

to compensate, you

may wish to make use of the RIT

control

function.

This

control

allows

shifting

the

receive

frequency

without

shifting

the

transmit

frequency.

The

RIT

control

allows

you

to shift

the

receiver

frequency

+

/ - 1.2 kHz. This

control is also useful for pileups

when

the

DX

station

is transmitting

a little

above

or below his receive frequency.

Notes:---------------------------------------------------------------------------

1.The RIT offset is displayed on the main display. You

can therefore preset the offset			before	you	actually
need to use it. When you move to another station
make sure you turn OFF the RIT switch.
2. The figure	at the right illustrates that			the	RIT	dis­
play and the VFO display may			not agree exactly in
all instances since the RIT and VFO tune in 10 Hz
steps. The normal resolution of			the VFO is		100	Hz,
so if the RIT or VFO		is turned	slowly	the	associat­
ed display	may not	update immediately.			You	will
have to tune 100 Hz to see the display					actually
change.

VFO

RIT

1

u

n I~l

n

n

0

0.D

0

1 /. u u u. u

1

D

O O

n

n

9

1

t -I. 1 1 1. 1

-0.0

s

s

1 D O O n n

1

-00

9

1 -1. 1 1 ~l. ~l

1

D

O O

n

n

0

-0 /

0

1 -1. 1 1 1. i

1

D

O O

O

n

9

1

1 J. 1 1 l.u

-0 /

s

s

XIT control

When

the

RIT/XIT

control is rotated

with

the

XIT

switch

depressed

the

transmit

frequency

can

be

varied +/ - ^ . 2

kHz

without

affecting the

receiver

frequency.

Pressing the switch again releases the XIT function.

RF gain control

This

control

adjusts

the gain of the receiver high-

frequency amplifier section.

For

normal receiver

performance,

and

maximum

gain,

this

control

should be

in the full clockwise position. If

you

are

having trouble

copying the desired signal make

a note of

the

stations

peak S-meter reading. Then,

ad­

just the RF control counterclockwise, so that the meter

needle is stationary at this	level. Now, all signals that
were less than the desired	signal	will	be attenuated,
such as static noise, etc.,	making	the	completion of
the QSO easier.

If the incoming signal pegs the S-meter you can also reduce the receiver gain by counterclockwise rotation of the RF control. The S-meter pointer will always ad­ vance up-scale as the RF control is rotated counter­ clockwise, as a visual reminder that the gain of the radio has been reduced.

(Q) AF gain control

Turn the inside knob to increase or decrease the volume.

SELECTIVITY switch

When		an	optional filter			is	installed, the radio's pass-
band		can	be switched			to	one	of	four different band-
widths.
The		switch	has	five	positions;			AUTO, N, M1, M2 and
W,	that are used			to	select		the bandwidth. The M1, and
N	positions		are	not	active		until the		optional filters are

installed, see the accompanying chart. This switch should normally be set to the AUTO position. The IF

bandwidth will then be	selected for	optimum receiver
characteristics, according	to the MODE that has been
selected. Manual override is possible		by simple rota­
tion of the SELECTIVITY control.

The table in section 6-1, CRYSTAL FILTER INSTAL­

LATION on page 27 shows the			bandwidth		of	each
switch	setting.	Note the differences	when	the	option­
al filters are installed. The YK-88C			is used	in	the	"N”
position	and	the YK-88SN in the	" M l "	position.

Notes: ----------------------------------------------------------------———

1.During transmit the wide filter position is selected

regardless of the position of the SELECTIVITY switch.

2.When in the FM mode the bandwidth is always 1 5

kHz, regardless

of

the

position of the

SELECTIVI­

TY switch.

3. When

the SELECTIVITY switch is set to N

or

Ml,

and

no

optional

filters

have been

installed, there

will

be

no sound

from

the

speaker. Refer

to

the

option­

al

filter

installation

procedure

in

the

rear

of

this

manual

for

information on

installation

of

these

options.

(jj) AGC switch

This switch selects the operating time						constant of			the
AGC	(Automatic	Gain	Control)	circuit		during		receive.
When	the AGC	switch	is set	to	SLOW,		the	receiver
gain and S-meter readings will				react slowly to large in­
put changes, and when set to				FAST,		the	receiver		gain
and S-meter will		react	quickly	to	changes		in	the	input

signal level.

The normal position when using all modes is the SLOW position. When working weak signals, or high speed CW you might wish to use the FAST position.

Note: -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

This switch is disabled during FM operations.

® NOTCH switch

When this switch is ON, the notch filter is activated.

PROC (Processor) switch

Effective transmit power output will increase when		the
PROC	switch is turned ON during USB, LSB, AFSK,	or
FM mode operations.
Note: -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
When	the speech processor function is used in	the

USB, LSB, or AFSK mode it is possible to overdrive the transmitter: An easy way to check for excessive modu­

lation is to monitor	the ALC meter. If the needle is over
the ALC zone you	are overmodulating. Reduce the MIC
gain control setting	until the needle remains in the ALC
zone on voice peaks.

(jj) F.LOCK switch

The selected dial frequency is locked and cannot be changed except thru the use of the RIT/XIT controls, when this switch is ON.

@ UP/DOWN switches

Pressing the UP switch increases the frequency, and pressing the DOWN switch decreases it.

1 MHz step switch

This switch is used to determine if the UP/DOWN switches will function in 1 MHz steps or only thru the amateur bands. When the 1 MHz step position is selected, the 1 MHz indicator will light.

@ TUNING dial (VFO)

Rotate the knob to select the desired frequency. Fast tuning is possible by rotating the knob rapidly. This con­ trol may also be used to select the desired memory channel. The dial drag is adjustable by holding the out­ side knob and turning the inside knob clockwise to in­ crease drag, and counterclockwise to decrease drag.

@) Program keys

M^V:	Used to recall a frequency from memory
	to the VFO.
SCAN:	Pressing during VFO operation will initiate
	program scan, and pressing during memory
	operation will		initiate memory scan.			Press­
	ing	during scan		operation will	cause the
	scan	speed	to	toggle between	2	speeds,
	fast and slow.
CLEAR:	Used to cancel memory storage operations,
	or to cancel an entry during direct keyboard
	entry of frequency using the ENT key.
VFO/M:	Used to switch between memory or VFO
	operations.
M.IN:	Used to enter data into a memory channel.
ENT:	Used to directly enter a frequency from the
	numeric keypad.

PHONES jack

Output terminal for headphones.

MIC jack

Connector for a microphone.

MIC connector (Front view)

@ AT TUNE switch

When this switch is turned ON with the AUTO/THRU

switch is placed in the AUTO	position,	the	automatic
tuner will be engaged and the	tuner will	try	to match
the antenna.

@ AUTO/THRU switch

AUTO:	The auto antenna tuner is used in
	transmit.
THRU:	The auto antenna tuner is not used in
	transmit.

8

Standby switch

This	switch is used		when you want	to	manually	con­
trol transmit or receive.
SEND:		Places the radio into transmit.
REC:		Places the radio into receive.
The	Standby switch		is also used to clear		an entry	dur­
ing	direct	entry of	VFO frequencies,	or	when entering

a memory channel.

@ ALC/PWR/SWR meter switch

ALC meter

Used to monitor the drive level in USB, LSB, and AFSK modes.

PWR meter

Used to indicate the output power. Note that this meter is a peak reading meter, not an average reading meter.

SWR meter
Used to indicate the Standing		Wave Ratio of	the an­
tenna and	feedline connected	to the ANT	connector

when the AUTO/THRU switch is in the THRU position.

@ ATT (Attenuator) switch

The incoming receive signal level is attenuated by ap­ proximately 20 dB when this switch is activated.

When the incoming				receive	signal is very			strong (20
dB	over	S-9),	the signal should be				attenuated		to	pre­
vent	distortion		of the signal, thereby stabilizing							the
receiver		performance.		This	is	easily	done	by	activat­
ing	the	ATT switch. This control is also useful								when
a strong		signal	is near your			desired	signal,	while		some

loss will occur to the desired signal as well as the un­ desired signal, the use of the attenuator will sometimes allow you to complete the QSO.

NB (Noise Blanker) switch

When pulsating noise, such as that caused							by	automo­
bile ignitions is encountered, place the						NB	switch ON.
This	will	provide	approximately 40		dB's	of	attenuation
to this interfering			signal. If	there	is no	noise		present,
the	switch should		be in the OFF position.				This switch
will	not	help to	eliminate	atmospheric		or	line	noises,

only pulse type noise.

VOICE switch

When	the optional VS-1		voice synthesizer unit is in­
stalled	the	operating	frequency	will	announced

whenever the VOICE switch is depressed. For a dial

frequency of 14.200.0 the frequency				will	be an­
nounced	as:	"one", "four",	"point",	"two",	"zero",
"zero", "zero", "zero".

Please refer to page 28 for installation instructions con­ cerning the VS-1 Voice Synthesizer.

3-1-2. -Rear panel

(T) ACC 3 terminal

Spare RCA type terminal. No internal connections have been made.

(2) AFSK IN terminal

AFSK input terminal.

AFSK OUT terminal

Constant level AF output terminal for AFSK operation.

® ANTI VOX control

VOX	operations			are	sometimes difficult			with	high
speaker		volume		control	settings. The		ANTI	VOX	con­
trol is used to reduce the tendency of the VOX to									acti­
vate	from		inputs	from	the	speaker.	The	ANTI	VOX
control		is	not active		when	headphones are connect­
ed, for obvious reasons!

-ANTI

® DELAY control

This control adjusts the "hang-time” that the radio will remain keyed after voice input has stopped.

DELAY

vox GAIN control

This control adjusts the sensitivity of the VOX ampli­ fier. Adjust this control for your personal preference.

vox GAIN

@ ACC 1 jack

This jack is designed for connection of the 6-pin DIN connector supplied with the optional interface unit.

(D EXT. SP (External speaker) jack

This jack is for connection of an external speaker.

(9) DC power connector

This is used to connect the DC power supply.

KEY jack

Using shielded line, connect a 1/4" phone plug to this jack for CW operation. Open-terminal voltage is approx­ imately 5.5 VDC.

(Q) ANT (Antenna) connector

This UHF connector should be attached to a suitable antenna for transmitting and receiving. The antenna ca­ ble should be 50-ohm coax, terminated with a PL-259 connector.

® GND (Ground) terminal

To prevent electric shock, as well as RFI and BCI, con­ nect the transceiver to a good earth ground.

10

	@ ACC 2 jack		Internal wiring
	Terminal numbers and their applications are as follows:	View from cord
		7. . ^	6
	View from	the
	rear panel.

		13-pin DIN plug
Pin No.	Pin Name	Application
1	NC	No connection
2	NC	No connection
3	Data output	Output level is fixed regardless of the
		AF control setting.
		Output voltage:
		300 mV or more at maximum re­
		ceiving input with 4.7 kQ load.
4	GND	Grounding (The shielded wire of the
		audio output terminal is connected
		here.)
5	NC	No connection
6	NC	No connection
7	NC	No connection
8	GND	Grounding
9	MIC mute	Signal input from the MIC jack is mut­
		ed. Grounding mutes signal.
10	NC	No connection
11	Data input	Input terminal for data communica­
		tion. In SSB, MIC gain can be con­
		trolled by the MIC control.
		Input voltage:
		500 mV or less
		(SSB: Voltage starts deflecting ALC.
		FM: Voltage providing ±3.0 kHz
		modulation ratio.)
12	GND	Grounding (The shielded wire of the
		audio input is connected here.)
13	Standby	Standby terminal
		Grounding transmits.

(Q) REMOTE connector

Note:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

When the control relay is used refer to section 5-8-10.

	+ 12 VDC ON transmit	GND
	max. 10 mA.	ALC input
	From standby switch	Speaker output
	(PTT circuit for foot switch)
		-TAR Control relay

3-1-3. Top cover

CW OFF SEMI FULL

VOX OFF ON

VOX/BREAK IN switch

VOX (Voice Operated Switch) operation is	possible in
LSB, USB, FM or AFSK mode operations.	To activate
the VOX circuitry place the VOX switch ON.

This control is also used to select either Full or Semi automatic break-in.

11

3-2. RECEIVE

SQL control:

Fully counterclockwise.

RF gain control: , Fully clockwise.

AF gain control: Fully counter­ clockwise.

3-2-1. Initial setting

1.Preset the controls as shown in the accompanying illustration above.

2.Place the POWER switch to ON. (During fixed-

station operation you must first turn ON	your	DC
power supply, the PS-50 is recommended.)
3. The meter will illuminate and a frequency	will	ap­

pear in the display.

4. Set the BAND switches for the desired band. If you desire to tune a frequency other than one of the

amateur	radio frequencies, place the 1 MHz	switch
ON. With the 1 MHz switch ON the UP/DOWN
switches	will advance the frequency in 1	MHz
steps, rather than thru the amateur radio bands.

5. Select the desired MODE using one of the mode switches.

Notes:----------------------------------------------------------------------

1. By international convention amateur radio fre­ quencies below 10 MHz utilize the LSB (Lower Sideband) mode, and frequencies of 10 MHz and above use USB (Upper Sideband).

2.The TS-440S automatically selects the normal

mode for		you. The exact changeover point is
9.5	MHz. You can override this selection by
pressing the desired mode switch.
6. Adjust the AF gain control for the desired volume.
7. Slowly	rotate	the TUNING dial until the desired sig­

nal can be heard clearly.

8.The desired receive frequency can also be entered

directly	by using the numeric keypad.	For	details
of this	operation please refer to the	“Direct	key­
board frequency entry" section on page 13.

3-2-2. CW zero-beat operation

Zero-beat operation with a station during CW mode operation

1. Set the RIT/XIT switches to OFF.
2. When an optional filter is not used,							tune		the TUN­
	ING dial so that the receive beat frequency is ap­
	proximately 800 Hz. You can check						this	by turning
	the VOX OFF, and then closing your CW key. Then
	by using the sidetone oscillator, and the incoming
	receive signal you can zero-beat						by	turning		the
	TUNING dial until the two tones are the same fre­
	quency.
3.	When	the	YK-88C	filter	is used	the	simplest method
	to use	is	to adjust	the	TUNING	dial	for	a	maximum
	S-meter deflection.
Reception at the desired pitch after zero-beat
operation.
1. After zero-beating turn the RIT switch ON,									and	ad­
	just the RIT control for the desired pitch.
2.	Adjust	the IF SHIFT control for the strongest								sig­
	nal level.

Your frequency			Displayed frequency
Receiver carrier frequency	1		Transmit-Receive frequency
(BFO) 1			(Displayed frequency)
	1
	1

800Hz

Beat note

Tuning for CW Operation

12

3-2-3. Direct keyboard frequency entry
Direct keyboard	entry of	the	frequency is	possible us­
ing the numeric	keypad	on	the TS-440S.	This allows

rapid changes in frequency without the delays encoun­ tered when using other tuning methods.

1.Select the VFO mode.

2.Press the ENT key. The display will indicate

3.Enter the desired operating frequency from Most

Significant	Digit	to	the	Least		Significant Digit.				You
do not have to enter trailing						zeros,		but	you	must
enter a leading zero for frequencies between 1 and
3.99999 MHz or two leading zeros for frequencies
between 0.1 and 0.99999 MHz. (03.500.00 MHz).
	A VFO
	D	C
	_/. _/
4. After the last digit has been entered								press	the	ENT
key again to signify you want the radio to change
frequency.	If you		entered		the	frequency			down to
the nearest 10 Hz a beep will						sound		and	the	radio
will automatically			change		to	the	new		frequency
without the need of pressing the ENT key for the
second time.
I	U	I	I	li	I I	I	I
I/. u u u. u

For example: To enter 14.200.00 MHz there are two methods:

Method one: Press [ENT], [1], [4], [2], [ENT]. Method two: [ENT], [1], [4], [2], [0], [0], [0], [0].

I U D I I I I I I
I/. /_ u u. u
Note:-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Attempting to	enter	a	frequency outside	the	tun­
ing range of the radio		will cause the display		to	return
to " . .
If you make	a mistake		while entering the	frequen­

cy and have not yet pressed the ENT key, or en­ tered the final digit, you may cancel the input by pressing either the CLEAR key or standby switch.

3-2-4. AM reception

There are cases during AM broadcast reception, where

interference in	noticeable	when SELECTIVITY is W, but
the intelligibility	is poor	with the radio in the M2 posi­

tion, due to a lack of high frequency response. If this

condition occurs place the SELECTIVITY							switch		to M2
and	rotate the TUNING		dial + / - 1			kHz	from	the	center
frequency. It should be possible to						find	a point		where
the	interference	will	be	a	little	greater,		intelligibility
should be improved.
Another method		utilizes		the	execellent		receiver		stabil­
ity	of the TS-440S by		selecting USB or				LSB	and tun­

ing to one of the sidebands of the AM signal. The only disadvantage to this method is that a 5 Hz beat tone might be detected along with the desired receive signal.

3-3. TRANSMIT

3-3-1. SSB (USB, LSB) mode
1. Set the MODE keys to USB or LSB. By					internation­
al convention frequencies below 10 MHz					utilize the
LSB	(Lower	Sideband)	mode,	and	frequencies
above 10 MHz use USB (Upper Sideband). The ac­
tual	switchover	point on	the TS-440S is		9.5 MHz.
The TS-440S will select the proper mode when you
tune	to the desired frequency. You			can override this
by simply pressing the desired mode key.

2. Set the Meter switch to ALC.

ALC PWR SWR

I\. 1 un

3.Press the microphone PTT switch, or set the Stand­ by switch from REC to SEND.

4.Speak into the microphone and adjust the MIC gain

control so that the meter deflection does not ex­ ceed the ALC zone on voice peaks.

Note:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Adjustment using the ALC meter provides greater ac­ curacy than if you try and use the power meter for ad­

justment. Never		adjust		for ALC deflection above the
ALC zone, as this will				cause		distortion		of the transmit­
ted audio signal.
1		3	5	7	9	20	40	60
S \ \ \ \ \ \ \ l f				/ /	/ ///B
-----			10		I 11111/—ry-----------
PWR 0					50 100 150 W
SWR			-V			5 10	00
		1 1.5

ALC zone

Note: -----------------------------------------------------------------

Do not exceed the ALC zone on voice peaks.

13

3-3-2. CW mode

Set MODE keys to CW and set the Meter switch to ALC.

ALC PWR SWR

^1 /---------

in

Placing the Standby switch to send and depressing the CW key will cause the radio to transmit.

Transmission is also possible when in the SEMI or FULL break-in mode by simply depressing the key, with the Standby switch in the REC position.

Adjust the CAR control until the meter deflection is within the ALC zone.

		7	9	20		40	60
s \ \ N V \ \ \ \ i l				/		/ /	/ / A
PWR 0		1	1—r j n i n —T7"
				50 100 150 W
SWR		1 1.5		5 10 00

ALC zone

• SEMI and FULL break-in

Two break-in methods are provided with the TS-440S

transceiver,		SEMI	and	FULL	break-in. With either break-
in	operation depressing			the CW key will cause			the ra­
dio	to transmit		without the		need	for manually	switch­
ing	the	SEND/REC		switch.	The	difference	between
FULL and		SEMI	break-in is		that	during FULL	break-in

operation it is possible to listen between dots and dash­ es, and that during SEMI break-in it is not.

Note:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

With either SEMI or FULL break-in operation, cross band/cross mode operation is not possible. Addition­

ally,	when you are using FULL break-in operation you
should not work cross band splits, only		in the	same
band.
The	TS-440S also provides a side-tone	oscillator	cir­

cuit to allow monitoring of your CW signal during trans­ mission.

(a)Semi-automatic break-in

Depressing the CW key will automatically place the

transceiver into the transmit mode. Transmit mode will be maintained for a period determined by the

setting of the VOX DELAY	control on the rear panel
of the transceiver, even	after the CW key is
released.

(b)Full-automatic break-in

Depressing the CW key will automatically place the

transceiver

into the transmit

mode.

Releasing

the

CW key will return the radio to receive immediately

enabling reception between characters.

Caution:

-----------------------------------------------------------------

The

TL-922A/922

linear

amplifer

is

not

designed

for

full

break-in

type

operation.

Attempting to

use

this accessory in the FULL break-in mode cause

damage to occur to the linear amplifier.

CW OFF SEMI FULL

VOX OFF

On

occasion an

electronic keyer may be used

that

has

no method of producing a continuous trans­

mit

condition.

In

order

to

obtain

a

continuous

car­

rier

for

tuning

simply

place

the

Standby

switch to

the SEND position.

3-3-3. FM mode

Select

the

desired

frequency

within

the

28

MHz

amateur

radio

band.

Place

the

MODE key to

FM

and

the Meter switch to ALC.

ALC PWR SWR

\ I

ZEL

Press	the	microphone	PTT switch			or	place the		Stand­
by switch to SEND.
Adjust	the	CAR control		until	the	meter		deflection		is
within	the	ALC zone.	This	will	provide		full	power	in	the

FM mode.

To decrease the power, place the Meter switch to PWR and while observing the meter rotate the CAR control counterclockwise until the desired output level is ob­ tained.

1 3 5 7 9 20 40 60

ALC PWR	SWR	s ' ^ \ \ \ \ \		1 i	/ / /	/	/ / d B
	1 /•	PWR 0 V	V 1	Ì I I	I I / /	1	/
			10	50 100 150 W
		SWR 'l \5 2		3 5 10 00
			\+ALC
			ALC zone

Notes:-------------------------------------------------------------------------—

1. The FM power output may fluctuate if running less

than full output.
2. Ensure that an antenna	with a low SWR is used.
The TS-440S provides several protection circuits,
continually loading into an antenna		with a	high SWR
(3 to 1 or greater) will	eventually	cause	damage to
the final amplifiers.

3. The PWR meter reading may not be accurate with high SWR values. Use a good antenna for the most accurate readings.

14

• Subaudible tone

An optional subaudible tone unit TU- 8 is available for installation in the TS-440S for accessing 10 meter FM repeaters. This tone is activated whenever the TS-440S is in the SPLIT mode.

3-3-4. AM mode

1.Set the Meter switch to PWR.

2.Set the MODE key to AM.

3.Place the Standby switch to SEND.

4. Adjust the CAR control so that the meter indicates

25 watts.

5.Place the Meter switch to ALC.

6. Adjust the MIC gain control so that the meter deflection does not exceed ALC zone on voice peaks.

3-4. AUTOMATIC ANTENNA TUNER (The AT unit AT-440 is required for this function.)

The automatic antenna tuner operates within the amateur radio bands from 3.5 thru 29.7 MFIz.

1.Ensure that an antenna designed for use within the

band you intend to operate on is properly connect­ ed to the antenna terminal.

2.Set the AUTO/THRU switch to the AUTO position.

3.Place the AT TUNE switch to the ON position. The

AT TUNE indicator will light and the tuner	will	be­
gin tuning. Then the CW mode indicator will light.
4. After a short period the AT TUNE indicator	will	go
OFF and the motors will stop turning.
5. Place the AT TUNE switch to OFF.

6. Tuning is now completed. You may now carry out normal communications.

Notes:---------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. When the AT TUNE switch is ON and the AT indi­ cator lights but then goes out immediately it is an indication that the antenna was not that far off resonance and that tuning has been completed.

2. Normal operation is not possible until the AT TUNE switch has been turned OFF.

3. If the motors do not stop turning after approximately

30 seconds, place the AT TUNE switch to OFF, and

then	back to ON again. The tuner will attempt				to
tune	again,	and should find	a good match. If		the
tuner	will not stop after several tries it			indicates
some	problem exists with the antenna			system.
Readjust the		antenna and	feedline before	attempt­
ing to tune again.

3-5. DUAL DIGITAL VFO's

Operational convenience can be enhanced thru the use of both VFO A and VFO B.

3-5-1. Why two VFO's
Occasionally			DX	stations	will	utilize		an	operational
procedure known				as split	frequency		operation.			When
the	DX	station is		in this mode he will				be	transmitting
on	one	frequency		and receiving		on	another.			This is
done in		order	for	the DX station to be able to recog­
nize the calls of stations during pile-ups.
Older transceivers				required the use of an external VFO
to	allow	this	split	frequency operation.				The	TS-440S,

thru the use of microprocessor controls, effectively pro­ vides two separate VFOs in the same package. Several different controls and switches have been provided to increase the operators convenience when faced with this type of operation. The use of these controls is dis­ cussed below.

3-5-2. Split frequency
(a) A = B switch
Depressing this switch causes	the	data		contained
in the inactive VFO (the VFO	that	is	not	currently
being displayed) to change to the same data con­
tained in the active VFO (the	one		currently		dis­
played). Both the frequency	and		mode		are
changed.

For example: VFO A is set at 7 MHz in LSB, and VFO B is 21 MHz in USB. VFO A is the active VFO (show on the display). Depressing the A = B switch will cause VFO B to change to 7 MHz in LSB.

(b) A/B switch

Allows selection of the desired active VFO. Each time this switch is depressed the active VFO will alternate between VFO A and VFO B.

(c) SPLIT switch
Allows the use of one	VFO for transmit, and the
other for receive (Split Frequency operation). For
example: VFO A is the	active VFO, and VFO B is

the inactive VFO. Depressing the SPLIT switch will cause the TS-440S to receive on VFO A and trans­ mit on VFO B. The mode of reception and trans­ mission will follow the mode contained in the appropriate VFO memory. It is possible to work cross band, cross mode if desired.

To avoid confusion during contest, or pile-up oper­ ations we recommend using VFO A for receive and VFO B for transmit.

(d) T-F SET switch
Depressing	this	switch will		allow	you	to	rapidly	set
or check the transmit frequency, during SPLIT
operations,	without		the	need	of	actually trans­
mitting.
This switch is especially convenient when you								are
trying to locate		the	transmit frequency				of the	sta­
tion currently in contact with the DX station, since

15

depressing this switch allows you to receive on the transmit frequency as long as the switch is held depressed. The TUNING dial is active when this switch is depressed, so it is easy to change your transmitter frequency at the same time, if neces­ sary. Releasing the switch will return you to the original receive frequency.

3-6. MEMORY

The TS-440S incorporates a convenient 100 channel

memory that can be used

to store and recall common­

ly used

frequencies.

These

channels

can

be subdivid­

ed

into

10

user-defined groups to tailor the TS-440S

for

optimum operation in

a

particular application.

You

can,

for

instance,

assign

channels

1 0 through 19 to

the

160 meter band, channels 20

through

29

to

the

80

meter

band,

channels

30 through 39 to the 40

meter band

(LSB),

channels

40 through

49

to

the

20

meter	band (USB), channels 50 through 59 to the 1 5
meter band, channels 60 to				69	to	the	10	meter		band
(FM),	channels	70	through	79	to	the	12	meter		band,
and	channels	80	through	89	to	various			shortwave
bands. Channels		90	through	99	could then			be	assigned

as split frequency channels. After completing channel assignments, you can then use the convenient memory scan function to automatically recall the stored fre­ quencies on a group basis.

3-6-1. Memory Entry

1.With the TS-440S in the VFO mode, select the

desired operating	frequency and mode as described
in previous sections.
A VFO
' U 1	c n
1 /. /	1 J.U

2. Press the M.IN switch. The radio will enter the Memory Scroll (M.SCR) mode. The current memory

channel number (M.CH),	frequency and	mode will
be displayed, but the	actual operating	frequency

and mode will remain unchanged allowing uninter­ rupted reception.

n n uu

3. Select the desired memory channel using one of the three methods described below,

a. Turn the TUNING dial until the desired channel number is displayed (One revolution of the dial cover about 1 0 channels).

b. Enter a two digit channel number using the nu­ meric keypad, being sure to include the leading zero for channels 00 through 09. Pressing the

CLEAR	key	or	the standby switch before press­
ing the	second		digit will return you to the origi­
nal channel.
		A VFO
	1 U	1	c n
	/ /. /		1 J.U

c.Use the UP/DOWN switches and/or microphone UP/DOWN switches to scroll thru the different memory positions.

5. When	the	desired memory channel is displayed,
press	the	M.IN key again. The current frequency

and mode will be stored, the scroll mode will be cancelled, and the TS-440S will return to the oper­

ating	mode and frequency that	was displayed	be­
fore	the M.IN key was pressed	initially. Note	that

if RIT was selected prior to step 2, the actual fre­ quency stored will be the indicated frequency plus or minus the RIT variable.

3-6-2. Transferring memory information to the VFO.

1. Press the VFO/M key to select the memory mode.

<_ -I	I U / “7 C n
	I I. I I J.IJ

2. Select a channel using any of the methods dis­ cussed under the Memory Entry section.

r n -J O U i~l n I I
O o/_ /_/. u u u. u
Press the M^V key. The stored data will be trans­
ferred to the active VFO allowing	you to begin tun­
ing from that point. The TS-440S		automatically
returns to the VFO mode when the M^V key is
depressed.
A VFO
D O O n n
L U. U U U. U
Notes:---------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. The RIT/XIT status will be copied	from	the memory

to the VFO when the M^V key is depressed.

2.When data is transferred from the split frequency

memory, the active VFO is loaded with the receive data and the inactive VFO will be loaded with the transmit data. The TS-440S will then automatical­ ly enter the SPLIT mode.

3. This operation will not function if no data is con-

16