Jl audio E110, E112 User Manual

4.5 (2)

Owner’s Manual e110

e112

IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

WARNING: TO REDUCE THE RISK OF FIRE OR ELECTRIC SHOCK, DO NOT EXPOSE THIS PRODUCT TO RAIN OR MOISTURE.

CAUTION

RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK

DO NOT OPEN

CAUTION: TO REDUCE THE RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK, DO NOT REMOVE AMP PANEL OR SPEAKER. NO USER SERVICEABLE PARTS INSIDE. REFER SERVICING TO QUALIFIED PERSONNEL.

1) Read the Instructions — All safety and operating instructions should be read before the subwoofer is operated.

2) Retain the Instructions — The safety and operating instructions should be retained for future reference.

3) Heed Warnings — All warnings on the subwoofer and in the operating instructions should be followed.

4) Follow Instructions — All operating and use instructions should

be followed.

5) Water and Moisture — The subwoofer should NOT be used near water – for example, near a bathtub, washbowl, sink, laundry tub, in a wet basement, near a swimming pool, etc.

6)Ventilation — The subwoofer should be situated so that its location or position does not interfere with its proper ventilation. For example, the subwoofer should not be situated on a bed, sofa, rug, or similar surface that may block airflow over the heatsink fins. If placing the subwoofer in a “built-in” installation, ensure that airflow to the heat sink at the rear of the subwoofer is not impeded. Do not cover the subwoofer heatsink with tablecloths, curtains, etc.

7) Heat and Flames — The subwoofer should be situated away from heat sources such as radiators, heat registers, stoves, fireplaces, or other devices which produce heat. Do not place candles on top of or near the subwoofer.

8)Power sources — The subwoofer should only be connected to a power supply of the type described in the operating instructions or as marked on the subwoofer.

9)Power Cord Protection — Power-supply cords should be routed so that they are not likely to be walked on or pinched by items placed upon or against them, paying particular attention to cords at plugs, convenience receptacles, and the point where they exit the subwoofer.

The lightning flash with arrowhead symbol, within an equilateral triangle, is intended to alert the user to the presence of uninsulated “dangerous voltage” within the product’s enclosure that may be of sufficient magnitude to constitute a risk of electric shock to persons.

The exclamation point within an equilateral triangle is intended to alert the user to the presence of important operating and maintenance instructions in the literature accompanying the product.

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10)Cleaning — The subwoofer should be cleaned only as recommended in the operating instructions.

11)Nonuse Periods — The power cord of the subwoofer should be unplugged from the outlet when the subwoofer is left unused for long periods of time.

12)Lightning and Power Surges — We recommend that you disconnect the subwoofer from the electrical outlet during electrical storms and/or recurring power interruptions to prevent damage due to power surges.

13)Object or Liquid Entry — Care should be taken so that objects do not fall into and liquids are not spilled onto the subwoofer enclosure. Do not expose the subwoofer to dripping or splashing from liquids. Do not place objects filled with liquids on top of, or near the subwoofer. For example: flower vases, beverages, liquid-fueled lamps, etc.

14)Damage Requiring Service — The subwoofer should be serviced by qualified service personnel when:

a.the power-supply cord or plug has been damaged

b.objects have fallen or liquid has been spilled into the subwoofer

c.the subwoofer has been exposed to rain

d.the subwoofer does not appear to operate normally or exhibits a marked change in performance

e.the subwoofer has been dropped or the cabinet has been damaged

f.the subwoofer driver’s cone and/or suspension has been physically damaged

15)Servicing — The user should not attempt to service the subwoofer beyond what is described in the operating instructions. All other servicing should be referred to qualified service personnel.

16)Overloading — Do not overload wall outlets, extension cords, or outlet strips as this can result in a risk of fire or electric shock.

17)Grounding — This subwoofer is supplied with a three-prong, grounded power cord. Precautions should be taken so that the grounding means of the subwoofer are not defeated. Defeating the grounding prong on the subwoofer power cord could increase the risk of electric shock and could result in permanent damage to the subwoofer’s electronics.

THIS SUBWOOFER IS CAPABLE OF PRODUCING VERY HIGH SOUND WARNING PRESSURE LEVELS. PLEASE EXERCISE RESTRAINT IN ITS OPERATION TO

PROTECT YOUR HEARING FROM PERMANENT DAMAGE.

| e110 & e112

Page 3

FCC COMPLIANCE STATEMENT

NOTE: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits of Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

-Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.

-Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.

-Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.

-Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Important Safety Instructions: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3

Introduction:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Product Overview: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5

Placing your E-Sub in Your Listening Room:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10 Unpacking your E-Sub:.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Top-Mounted Control Panel Layout:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Rear Connection Panel Layout:.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Top-Mounted Controls in Detail:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-16 Connecting your E-Sub(s):. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-23 Recommended Setup Procedure: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24-26 Frequently Asked Questions:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Cleaning Your E-Sub:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Troubleshooting:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Limited Warranty / Service Information:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 Specifications:.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

INTRODUCTION

Congratulations on your purchase of a JL Audio E-Sub powered subwoofer system. This product has been critically engineered to deliver exceptional performance in your home theater or audio system for many years to come.

As a company, we are intensely committed to core research into high-performance loudspeaker and amplifier technologies. JL Audio’s longexcursion subwoofer driver designs are widely considered as reference standards for linear behavior and high output. We have also focused our efforts to create powerful amplifier and signal-processing technologies specifically aimed at delivering exceptional low-frequency performance. Your E-Sub combines these core disciplines within a compact, beautifully crafted package to deliver an unparalleled listening experience.

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We sincerely thank you for your purchase and invite you to read this manual thoroughly in order to achieve the highest level of performance with your E-Sub subwoofer system. Enjoy.

PRODUCT OVERVIEW

JL Audio E-Sub subwoofers combine a state-of-the-art JL Audio subwoofer driver and electronics/amplifier package within a highly optimized enclosure to deliver an exceptional listening experience in your home theater or home audio system.

The subwoofer driver in your E-Sub subwoofer system is capable of outstanding linear excursion without distress or audible distortion. This purposeengineered driver enables your E-Sub to reproduce powerful low-frequency events with stunning impact and outstanding accuracy. The E-Sub drivers offer peak-to-peak excursion capabilities well in excess of 2.5 inches (64 mm - e110), and 3 inches (76 mm - e112) to comfortably handle the dynamics of the most demanding program material.

To get the most from this long excursion driver platform, your E-Sub incorporates a precisely engineered switching amplifier. The E-Sub amplifiers are capable of unclipped output voltages equivalent to 1200 watts (e110), and 1500 watts (e112) of RMS power when referenced to the nominal loudspeaker impedance, allowing us to take full advantage of each driver’s full excursion envelope.

The beautiful cabinet enclosing the workings of your E-Sub is also the result of careful engineering. To contain the pressures created by the E-Sub driver, we utilize solid, CNC-cut, MDF material with extensive internal bracing features and advanced assembly techniques.

The E-Subs also include an on-board 2-way active crossover, permitting them to support a conventional 2-channel audio system by providing a highpass filtered output to the main speakers’ amplifier, while delivering a low-pass filtered signal to the internal subwoofer amplifier. A polarity switch and phase control are provided to aid in achieving an optimal acoustic transition between the subwoofer(s) and main speakers. Inputs are via a pair of line level stereo RCA inputs or via a removable plug for speaker level inputs.

As you can see from this brief introduction, there is a lot of technology in this compact subwoofer. The contents of this manual will explain the features, and guide you through the setup and tuning of your E-Sub to help achieve an outstanding low-frequency listening experience.

If you require assistance, we urge you to contact your authorized

JL Audio retailer for expert setup advice and service.

IMPORTANT! IT IS A VERY GOOD IDEA TO READ THE NEXT SECTION IMPORTANT BEFORE UNPACKING YOUR E-SUB. UNPACKING THE SUBWOOFER NEAR

ITS FINAL LOCATION IS RECOMMENDED.

| e110 & e112

Page 5

PLACING YOUR E-SUB IN YOUR LISTENING ROOM:

Your listening room or theater is an integral part of your sound reproduction system. The physical dimensions of the room and its furnishings, materials, doors and windows play an important role in defining how your system sounds.

When you place a sound source in an enclosed rectangular space, “standing waves” are created, resulting from the relationship between the sound’s wavelength and your room’s dimensions. In other words, standing waves result from sound energy that is trapped in the room as it bounces back and forth between opposing walls. Standing waves in the room create acoustic peaks and dips where the sound is either louder or softer, based solely on your physical position in the room. Energy also “builds up” at the room’s boundaries, creating exaggerated bass response at certain frequencies. These fundamental room resonances are called room “modes.”

The moral of this mode story is to try and avoid seating positions in standing wave peak or dip regions. It is highly recommended that you place your listening chairs in areas where modal peaks and dips are moderate and do not reinforce one another. The two most obvious areas to avoid are those near the exact center of the room and those close to any of the room’s walls.

Just as your listening seat can be in a peak or dip region, so can your subwoofer. When placed in a room corner, a subwoofer maximally excites the room’s mode structure, creating the strongest output with the fewest dips. When the subwoofer is pulled away from a corner or wall, the room modes are excited less, which can alter the sound at your listening seat.

Be sure to experiment with both your listening seat position and subwoofer position to find the best solution. Careful experimentation usually leads to a superior sounding system. Use our setup suggestions (illustrated on the opposing page and the following pages) to get you started.

We recommend that you begin by placing your E-Sub in the front of the room, on the floor, near the front left or right speaker. Placing the E-Sub near solid walls will reinforce bass response and pulling it away from solid walls will decrease bass. Increasing the distance between the subwoofer and the walls may help to smooth upper bass response in some rooms.

We recommend that you avoid placing the E-Sub near windows to prevent rattling and sound transmission to the outside world.

If you are planning to install your E-Sub inside a cabinet, please refer to the guidelines on page 8.

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| e110 & e112

Jl audio E110, E112 User Manual

Recommended Floor Placement Options for One E-Sub

MORE INTENSE

MORE INTENSE

SMOOTHER

SMOOTHER

SMOOTHER

RECOMMENDED

SUBWOOFER

PLACEMENT

ZONES

(For Single Subwoofer)

SMOOTHER

SMOOTHER

SMOOTHER

COMPROMISED SEATING POSITIONS

 

(Results in weaker, uneven bass performance)

CENTERLINE OF ROOM

 

BEST SEATING POSITIONS

(Most accurate bass performance) APPROX. 1/3 OF TOTAL ROOM

LENGTH AWAY FROM BACK WALL

COMPROMISED SEATING POSITIONS (More intense, but less accurate bass performance)

CLOSE TO BACK WALL OF ROOM

WORST

SEAT

| e110 & e112

Page 7

SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR BUILT-IN INSTALLATIONS

The E-Sub can be integrated into custom cabinetry by following a few simple guidelines.

1)Allow 4 inches (10 cm) of clear space behind the E-Sub’s amp panel for adequate cooling and connector clearance.

2)On all other sides (except the bottom), allow at least 2 inches (5 cm) clearance for adequate ventilation.

3)While the E-Sub generally runs only warm during spirited operation, we do recommend that adequate heat vents are included in any custom cabinet which encloses the E-Sub. A pair of 3 inch (7.5 cm) diameter vents near the bottom of the cabinet and near the top of the cabinet, will allow cool air to circulate over the amp panel of your E-Sub subwoofer system keeping it cool and happy.

4)Your E-Sub subwoofer is capable of moving substantial quantities of air. If the front of the E-Sub is covered by a custom grille, the grille must have AT LEAST 85 square inches (548 sq.cm.) of vent area for the e112, and AT LEAST 60 square inches (386 sq.cm.) for the e110. These areas are equal to the woofer cone area for each model and will ensure that the E-Sub’s output is not choked by the custom cabinet.

Rear-view of cabinet install:

 

2 in. min.

VENT

VENT

 

2 in.

 

min.

 

 

Warranty void if serial number is

L

L

 

removed, altered or defaced.

 

SERIAL NUMBER:

R

R

 

 

LINE

LINE

 

Built in USA

HIGH LEVEL INPUTS

with domestic and

INPUTS

OUTPUTS

imported components

VENT VENT

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| e110 & e112

Using Two E-Subs

 

Recommended Subwoofer Placement Options for Two E-Subs

 

When using two E-Subs, try

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

placement near the front corners of the

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

room, at diagonally-opposite corners

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

of the room, or at the center points of

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

opposing walls as shown at right.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Experimentation with

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

subwoofer and listener

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

placement is recommended to

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

achieve the best results – the

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

benefits can be substantial.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

High-resolution measurements

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

and professional system calibration

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

are recommended for the best possible

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

results & system performance.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

| e110 & e112

Page 9

Recommended Subwoofer Placement Options for Three E-Subs

Using Three or Four E-Subs

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Research indicates that the

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

smoothest bass response for a large

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

listening area can be achieved using

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

four subwoofers, placing one at

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

the midpoint of each of the four

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

walls (although using two or three

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

subwoofers can be almost as good).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Experimentation with

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

subwoofer and listener

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

placement is recommended to

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

achieve the best results – the

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

benefits can be substantial.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

High-resolution measurements

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

and professional system calibration

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

are recommended for the best possible

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

results & system performance.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Recommended Subwoofer Placement Options for Four E-Subs

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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