Invacare Tracer IV Heavy Duty, Tracer IV User Manual
User Manual
This manual MUST be given to the user of the product.
BEFORE using this product, read this manual and save for future reference.
EN
Invacare® Tracer IV®Heavy Duty/Extra Wide Wheelchair
Invacare® Tracer IV®Heavy Duty/Extra Wide Wheelchair 2 Part No. 1110558
© 2011 Invacare Corporation. All rights reserved. Republication, duplication or modification in whole or in part is prohibited without prior written
permission from Invacare. Trademarks are identified by ™ and ®. All trademarks are owned by or licensed to Invacare Corporation or its subsidiaries unless
otherwise noted.
Teflon is a registered trademark of DuPont.
CONTENTS
Part No. 1110558
3 Invacare® Tracer IV®Heavy Duty/Extra Wide Wheelchair
1 GENERAL 5
Symbols .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Limited Warranty .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 6
2OVERVIEW 8
Label Locations....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Component Identification.................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Typical Product Parameters ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................10
3SAFETY 12
General Guidelines ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................12
Operating Information........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 13
Safety/Handling of Wheelchairs........................................................................................................................................................................................................19
4 SAFETY INSPECTION/TROUBLESHOOTING 27
Safety Inspection Checklist................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 27
Troubleshooting .......................................................................................................................................................................................31
Maintenance ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................31
Replacing/Repairing Rear Wheel Tire/Tube ..................................................................................................................................................................................33
Replacing/Repairing Caster Tire/Tube............................................................................................................................................................................................33
5 FRONT RIGGINGS 34
Installing/Removing Front Riggings...................................................................................................................................................................................................34
Adjusting Footplate Height................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 35
Raising/Lowering Elevating Legrest Assembly............................................................................................................................................................................... 38
Installing H-Strap/Calf Strap .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 38
Replacing Heel Loop ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................39
6ARMS 41
CONTENTS
Invacare® Tracer IV®Heavy Duty/Extra Wide Wheelchair
4 Part No. 1110558
Adjusting Armrest Height.................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 41
Removing/Installing Armrests............................................................................................................................................................................................................42
7SEAT AND BACK 43
Replacing Back Upholstery ................................................................................................................................................................................................................43
Replacing Seat Upholstery .................................................................................................................................................................................................................43
Adjusting the Seat Width................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 44
8 REAR WHEELS 46
Removing/Installing Rear Wheels.....................................................................................................................................................................................................46
Replacing Rear Wheel Handrim.......................................................................................................................................................................................................47
9 FRONT CASTERS 48
Installing/Replacing Front Casters and Forks.................................................................................................................................................................................48
Adjusting Forks..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 49
Replacing Front Casters .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................50
10 ANTI-TIPPERS/WHEEL LOCKS 51
Installing/Adjusting Anti-tippers........................................................................................................................................................................................................51
Using/Adjusting Patient Operated Wheel Locks..........................................................................................................................................................................53
Installing Wheel Lock Shoe Extensions .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 56
11 SEAT TO FLOOR HEIGHT 57
Changing Seat-to-Floor Height.........................................................................................................................................................................................................57
12 OPTIONS 59
Installing Carrying Pocket ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................59
Installing Crutch and Cane Carrier..................................................................................................................................................................................................60
Installing the Seat Positioning Strap.................................................................................................................................................................................................61
Installing the Wheel Lock Extension Handle.................................................................................................................................................................................62
1 GENERAL
Part No. 1110558 5 Invacare® Tracer IV®Heavy Duty/Extra Wide Wheelchair
1 General
1.1 Symbols
Warnings
Signal words are used in this manual and apply to hazards or unsafe practices which could result in personal injury or property damage.
See the information below for definitions of the signal words.
DANGER
Danger indicates an imminently hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury.
WARNING
Warning indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury.
CAUTION
Caution indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, may result in property damage or minor injury or
both.
!
IMPORTANT
Indicates a hazardous situation that could result in damage to property if it is not avoided.
Gives useful tips, recommendations and information for efficient, trouble-free use.
1 GENERAL
Invacare® Tracer IV®Heavy Duty/Extra Wide Wheelchair 6 Part No. 1110558
1.2 Limited Warranty
This warranty is extended only to the original purchaser who purchases this product when new and unused from Invacare or a dealer. This warranty
is not extended to any other person or entity and is not transferable or assignable to any subsequent purchaser or owner. Coverage under this
warranty will end upon any such subsequent sale or other transfer of title to any other person.
This warranty gives you specific legal rights and you may also have other legal rights which vary from state to state.
Invacare warrants the side frames and cross members of this product when purchased new and unused to be free from defects in materials and
workmanship for a period of five (5) years from the date of purchase from Invacare or a dealer, with a copy of the seller’s invoice required for
coverage under this warranty. Invacare warrants the upholstered materials (seat, back and armrests of the arm assembly) and remaining components
of this product when purchased new and unused to be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of thirteen (13) months from
date of purchase from Invacare or a dealer, with a copy of the seller’s invoice required for coverage under this warranty. If within such warranty
period this product shall be proven to be defective, such product shall be repaired or replaced, at Invacare's option, with refurbished or new parts.
This warranty does not include any labor or shipping charges incurred in replacement part installation or repair of any such product. Product repairs
shall not extend this warranty - coverage for repaired product shall end when this limited warranty terminates. Invacare's sole obligation and your
exclusive remedy under this warranty shall be limited to such repair and/or replacement.
For warranty service, please contact the dealer from whom you purchased your Invacare product. In the event you do not receive satisfactory
warranty service, please write directly to Invacare at the address at the bottom of this page. Provide dealer’s name, address, the product model
number, date of purchase, indicate nature of the defect and, if the product is serialized, indicate the serial number. Do not return products to our
factory without our prior consent.
PLEASE NOTE: THE WARRANTY BELOW HAS BEEN DRAFTED TO COMPLY WITH FEDERAL LAW APPLICABLE TO
PRODUCTS MANUFACTURED AFTER JULY 4, 1975.
1 GENERAL
Part No. 1110558 7 Invacare® Tracer IV®Heavy Duty/Extra Wide Wheelchair
LIMITATIONS AND EXCLUSIONS: THE FOREGOING WARRANTY SHALL NOT APPLY TO SERIAL NUMBERED PRODUCTS IF THE SERIAL
NUMBER HAS BEEN REMOVED OR DEFACED, PRODUCTS SUBJECTED TO NEGLIGENCE, ACCIDENT, IMPROPER OPERATION,
MAINTENANCE OR STORAGE, PRODUCTS MODIFIED WITHOUT INVACARE’S EXPRESS WRITTEN CONSENT INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, MODIFICATION THROUGH THE USE OF UNAUTHORIZED PARTS OR ATTACHMENTS; PRODUCTS DAMAGED BY REASON
OF REPAIRS MADE TO ANY COMPONENT WITHOUT THE SPECIFIC CONSENT OF INVACARE, OR TO A PRODUCT DAMAGED BY
CIRCUMSTANCES BEYOND INVACARE’S CONTROL, AND SUCH EVALUATION WILL BE SOLELY DETERMINED BY INVACARE. THE
WARRANTY SHALL NOT APPLY TO NORMAL WEAR AND TEAR OR FAILURE TO ADHERE TO THE PRODUCT INSTRUCTIONS.
THE FOREGOING EXPRESS WARRANTY IS EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ANY OTHER WARRANTIES WHATSOEVER, WHETHER EXPRESS
OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND THE
SOLE REMEDY FOR VIOLATIONS OF ANY WARRANTY WHATSOEVER, SHALL BE LIMITED TO REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT OF THE
DEFECTIVE PRODUCT PURSUANT TO THE TERMS CONTAINED HEREIN. THE APPLICATION OF ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY
WHATSOEVER SHALL NOT EXTEND BEYOND THE DURATION OF THE EXPRESS WARRANTY PROVIDED HEREIN. INVACARE SHALL
NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES WHATSOEVER.
SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGE, OR LIMITATION
OF HOW LONG AN IMPLIED WARRANTY LASTS, SO THE ABOVE EXCLUSION AND LIMITATION MAY NOT BE APPLICABLE.
THIS WARRANTY SHALL BE EXTENDED TO COMPLY WITH STATE/PROVINCIAL LAWS AND REQUIREMENTS.
2 OVERVIEW
Invacare® Tracer IV®Heavy Duty/Extra Wide Wheelchair 8 Part No. 1110558
2 Overview
2.1 Label Locations
Refer to the Owner’s Manual
for proper anti-tipper setting.
Se référer au manuel de
l’utilisateur pour le réglage
adéquat de l’antibascule.
WARNING
!
No. 1091554
AVERTISSEMENT
!
NE PAS utiliser sans d’abord
avoir installé les antibascules.
AVERTISSEMENT
!
WARNING
!
No. 1091552
Do not operate without the antitip tubes installed.
Crossmember
Lower Frame
Tube
Wheelchairs with
Standard Wheel Package
Wheelchairs with Heavy
Duty Wheel Package
Serial Number Label is
located on the cross brace
on the left side of the chair
On all adjustable anti-tippers
2 OVERVIEW
Part No. 1110558 9 Invacare® Tracer IV®Heavy Duty/Extra Wide Wheelchair
2.2 Component Identification
Seat
Upholstery
Back Upholstery
Rear Wheel
Rear
Wheel
Axle
Wheel Lock
Wheelchair Frame
Front Caster
Handrim
2 OVERVIEW
Invacare® Tracer IV®Heavy Duty/Extra Wide Wheelchair 10 Part No. 1110558
2.3 Typical Product Parameters
OVERALL WIDTH
26
1
/4 to 321/4 inches
OVERALL DEPTH (WITHOUT RIGGINGS)
33
1
/2 inches
SEAT WIDTH 18, 20, 22 or 24 inches
SEAT DEPTH 18 and 20 inches
SEAT-TO-FLOOR**
19
1
/2 inches (Adult), 171/2 inches (Hemi)
BACK STYLE Fixed
BACK HEIGHT 16 inches
ARM STYLES Fixed or Adjustable Height; Desk or Full Length; Removable
FRONT RIGGINGS Swingaway Removable Footrests, Elevating Legrests, and Articulating Elevating
Legrests
REAR AXLE Permanent
REAR WHEELS 24* inch Composite Corded Urethane
24 inch Pneumatic-Flat Free Insert (Heavy Duty Wheel Option)
HANDRIMS Chrome Plated Steel, Black Painted Steel
WHEEL LOCKS Push to Lock (Adult), Pull to Lock (Hemi)
CASTER SIZE
8 x 1
1
/4 inch Urethane
8 x 1
3
/4 inch Semi Pneumatic
UPHOLSTERY Vinyl: Midnight Blue, Dove Grey, Ruby, Black, Camel Nylon: Black
WEIGHT*** (APPROX.) 42 pounds
2 OVERVIEW
Part No. 1110558 11 Invacare® Tracer IV®Heavy Duty/Extra Wide Wheelchair
SHIPPING WEIGHT*** (APPROX.) 52 pounds
WEIGHT LIMIT 350 lbs (159 kg); Heavy Duty Option 450 lbs (205 Kgs)
* Heights can vary 1/4 inch due to wheel options, tire wear, and manufacturing tolerances.
** These options are standard for this model.
*** Weights based on 22 inch wide wheelchair without front riggings. All weights are approximate and will vary depending
on how the wheelchair is equipped.
3 SAFETY
Invacare® Tracer IV®Heavy Duty/Extra Wide Wheelchair 12 Part No. 1110558
3 Safety
The safety section contains important information for the safe operation and use of this product.
3.1 General Guidelines
WARNING
DO NOT use this product or any available optional equipment without first completely reading and understanding these
instructions and any additional instructional material such as owner’s manuals, service manuals or instruction sheets
supplied with this product or optional equipment. If you are unable to understand the warnings, cautions or instructions,
contact a healthcare professional, dealer or technical personnel before attempting to use this equipment - otherwise, injury
or damage may occur.
A qualified technician MUST perform the initial set up of this wheelchair. also, a qualified technician must perform all
procedures specifically indicated in the manual.
ACCESSORIES WARNINGS
Invacare products are specifically designed and manufactured for use in conjunction with Invacare accessories. Accessories
designed by other manufacturers have not been tested by Invacare and are not recommended for use with Invacare
products.
!
NOTICE
THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE.
Check all parts for shipping damage and test before using. In case of damage, DO NOT use. Contact Invacare/Carrier for
further instruction.
3 SAFETY
Part No. 1110558 13 Invacare® Tracer IV®Heavy Duty/Extra Wide Wheelchair
3.2 Operating Information
Anti-Tippers
WARNING
Anti-tippers are specific to the different seat-to-floor angles and/or seat-to-floor heights. Refer to the charts in
Installing/Adjusting Anti-tippers
on page 51 for correct usage and adjustment. If these requirements cannot be achieved,
DO NOT use the wheelchair. Contact a qualified technician. If changing the seat-to-floor height with or without a change
to seat-to-floor angle, the correct anti-tippers must be used to maintain a 1
1
/2 to 2 inch ground clearance.
Anti-tippers MUST be fully engaged and release buttons fully protruding out of adjustment holes.
Anti-tippers MUST be attached at all times. Inasmuch as the anti-tippers are an option on this wheelchair (you may order
with or without the anti-tippers), Invacare strongly recommends ordering the anti-tippers as an additional safeguard for the
wheelchair user.
ALWAYS use anti-tippers. When outdoors on wet, soft ground or on gravel surfaces, anti tippers may not provide the
same level of protection against tipover. Extra caution MUST be observed when traversing such surfaces.
3 SAFETY
Invacare® Tracer IV®Heavy Duty/Extra Wide Wheelchair 14 Part No. 1110558
General Warnings
Hand Grips
WARNING
To determine and establish your particular safety limits, practice bending, reaching and transferring activities in several
combinations in the presence of a qualified healthcare professional before attempting active use of the wheelchair.
Avoid storing or using the wheelchair near open flame or combustible products. Serious injury or damage to property may
result.
DO NOT stand on the frame of the wheelchair.
DO NOT use the footplate as a platform. When getting in or out of the wheelchair, make sure that the footplates are in
the upward position.
ALWAYS use the handrims for self-propulsion. Inasmuch as the handrims are an option on this wheelchair (you may order
with or without the handrims), Invacare strongly recommends ordering the handrims as an additional safeguard for the
wheelchair user.
DO NOT operate on roads, streets or highways.
DO NOT allow children to play on or operate the wheelchair.
DO NOT operate on soft surfaces such as sand, grass, or gravel.
WARNING
ALWAYS check hand grips for looseness before using the wheelchair. If loose and/or worn, replace IMMEDIATELY.
When cleaning rear cane or hand grip areas use only a clean towel lightly dampened with cool water. Verify that grips are
dry prior to use. Use of soap or ammonia based cleaning solutions will result in the hand grips sliding off the cane assembly.
Failure to observe this warning may result in injury to the user or bystanders.
If the wheelchair is exposed to extreme temperature (above 100°F or below 32°F), high humidity and/or becomes wet,
prior to use, ensure that the handgrips DO NOT twist on the handle. Otherwise, damage or injury may occur.
3 SAFETY
Part No. 1110558 15 Invacare® Tracer IV®Heavy Duty/Extra Wide Wheelchair
Information for Healthcare Professionals/Assistants
Lifting
Ramps, Slopes, Inclines, and Obstacles
WARNING
When assistance to the wheelchair user is required, remember to use good body mechanics. Keep your back straight and
bend your knees whenever tipping the wheelchair or traversing curbs, or other impediments.
When learning a new assistance technique, have an experienced assistant help you before attempting it alone.
WARNING
DO NOT attempt to lift the wheelchair by any removable (detachable) parts. Lifting by means of any removable
(detachable) parts of the wheelchair may result in injury to the user or damage to the wheelchair.
WARNING
DO NOT traverse, climb or go down ramps or slopes greater than 9°.
DO NOT attempt to move up or down an incline with a water, ice or oil film.
DO NOT attempt to ride over curbs or obstacles. Doing so may cause your wheelchair to tip over and cause bodily harm
to you or damage to the wheelchair.
NEVER leave an unoccupied wheelchair on an incline.
DO NOT attempt tp stop the wheelchair while on a sloped surface.
3 SAFETY
Invacare® Tracer IV®Heavy Duty/Extra Wide Wheelchair 16 Part No. 1110558
Repair or Service Information
Seat Positioning Straps
Stability - All Models
WARNING
Unless otherwise noted, all service and adjustment should be performed while the wheelchair is unoccupied.
After ANY adjustments, repair or service and before use, make sure all attaching hardware is tightened securely otherwise injury or damage may result.
WARNING
ALWAYS wear your seat positioning strap. Inasmuch as the seat positioning strap is an option on this wheelchair (you may
order with or without the seat positioning strap), Invacare strongly recommends ordering the seat positioning strap as an
additional safeguard for the wheelchair user. The seat positioning strap is a positioning strap only. It is not designed for use
as a safety device withstanding high stress loads such as auto or aircraft safety belts. If signs of wear appear, strap MUST be
replaced IMMEDIATELY.
With regards to seat/chest positioning straps - it is the obligation of the DME dealer, therapists and other healthcare
professionals to determine if a seat/chest positioning strap is required to ensure the safe operation of this equipment by the
user. Serious injury can occur in the event of a fall from a wheelchair.
WARNING
The size/position of the front casters, size/position of the rear wheels, anti-tipper model, as well as the user condition
directly relate to the stability of the wheelchair. Any change to one or any combination of the six may cause the wheelchair
to decrease in stability. These adjustments must be performed by a qualified technician.
The various seat-to-floor heights require specific settings depending on rear wheel size, rear wheel position, front caster
size/position and desired seat-to-floor angle. These adjustments must be performed by a qualified technician.
3 SAFETY
Part No. 1110558 17 Invacare® Tracer IV®Heavy Duty/Extra Wide Wheelchair
.
Weight Limitation
CASTER SIZE
CASTER POSITION
WHEEL SIZE
WHEEL POSITION
ANTI-TIPPERS
USER CONDITION
CASTER SIZE •XXXXX
CASTER POSITION X•XXXX
WHEEL SIZE XX • XXX
WHEEL POSITION XXX • XX
ANTI-TIPPERS XXX X • X
USER CONDITION XXX XX •
WARNING
The Tracer IV wheelchair with standard wheel package has a weight limitation of 350 lbs (159 kg). The Tracer IV
wheelchair with the heavy duty wheel package has a weight limitation of 450 lbs (205 kg.).
When changes to the left hand
column occur, follow across the
chart and refer to the procedure
that is bulleted (
•) to maintain
the proper stability, safety and
handling of the wheelchair.
3 SAFETY
Invacare® Tracer IV®Heavy Duty/Extra Wide Wheelchair 18 Part No. 1110558
Weight Training
Wheel Locks
Wheelchair Tie Down Restraints
WARNING
Invacare does not recommend the use of its wheelchairs as a weight training apparatus. Invacare wheelchairs have not been
designed or tested as a seat for any kind of weight training. If occupant uses said wheelchair as a weight training apparatus,
Invacare shall not be liable for bodily injury or damage to the wheelchair and the warranty is void.
WARNING
DO NOT attempt to stop a moving wheelchair with wheel locks. Wheel locks are not brakes.
If the wheelchair is equipped with push to lock wheel locks, elevating legrests, and wheel lock extension handles, the wheel
lock extension handles MUST be removed before swinging the elevating legrests to the side, otherwise injury or damage
may result. Interference between the top of the elevating legrest and the wheel lock extension handle may cause the wheel
lock to disengage.
Engaging the wheel locks may not prevent the wheelchair from moving on all floor surfaces including those that may be wet
or slick. ALWAYS exercise caution when transferring into or out of the wheelchair.
WARNING
Wheelchair users should NOT be transported in vehicles of any kind while in wheelchairs. As of this date, the Department
of Transportation has not approved any tie-down systems for transportation of a user while in a wheelchair, in a moving
vehicle of any type.
It is Invacare’s position that users of wheelchairs should be transferred into appropriate seating in vehicles for
transportation and use be made of the restraints made available by the auto industry. Invacare cannot and does not
recommend any wheelchair transportation systems.
3 SAFETY
Part No. 1110558 19 Invacare® Tracer IV®Heavy Duty/Extra Wide Wheelchair
Wheelchair User
3.3 Safety/Handling of Wheelchairs
Safety and handling of the wheelchair require the close attention of the wheelchair user as well as the assistant. This manual points out the most
common procedures and techniques involved in the safe operation and maintenance of the wheelchair. It is important to practice and master these
safe techniques until you are comfortable in maneuvering around the frequently encountered architectural barriers.
Use this information only as a basic guide. The techniques that are discussed on the following pages have been used successfully by many.
Individual wheelchair users often develop skills to deal with daily living activities that may differ from those described in this manual. Invacare recognizes
and encourages each individual to try what works best for him/her in overcoming architectural obstacles that they may encounter. However, all
warnings and cautions given in this manual MUST be heeded. Techniques in this manual are a starting point for the new wheelchair user and assistant
with safety as the most important consideration for all.
Stability and Balance
To assure stability and proper operation of your wheelchair, you MUST maintain proper balance at all times. Your wheelchair has been designed to
remain upright and stable during normal daily activities as long as you DO NOT move beyond the center of gravity.
Virtually all activities which involve movement in the wheelchair have an effect on the center of gravity. Invacare recommends using seat/chest
positioning straps for additional safety while involved in activities that shift your weight.
WARNING
As a manufacturer of wheelchairs, Invacare endeavors to supply a wide variety of wheelchairs to meet many needs of the
end user. However, final selection of the type of wheelchair to be used by an individual rests solely with the user and
his/her healthcare professional capable of making such a selection.
WARNING
Be aware that carrying heavy objects on your lap while occupying the wheelchair may adversely affect the stability of the
wheelchair, resulting in serious bodily injury to the user, damage to the wheelchair and surrounding property.
This wheelchair has been designed to accommodate one individual. If more than one individual occupies the wheelchair this
may adversely affect the stability of the wheelchair, resulting in serious bodily injury to the user and passenger and damage
to the wheelchair and surrounding property.
3 SAFETY
Invacare® Tracer IV®Heavy Duty/Extra Wide Wheelchair 20 Part No. 1110558
DO NOT lean forward out of the wheelchair any further than the length of the armrests. Make sure the casters are pointing in the forward position
whenever you lean forward. This can be achieved by advancing the wheelchair and then reversing it in a straight line.
Many activities require the wheelchair owner to reach, bend and transfer in and out of the wheelchair. These movements will cause a change to the
normal balance, the center of gravity, and the weight distribution of the wheelchair. To determine and establish your particular safety limits, practice
bending, reaching and transferring activities in several combinations in the presence of a qualified healthcare professional before attempting active use
of the wheelchair.
Proper positioning is essential for your safety. When reaching, leaning, or bending forward, it is important to use the front casters as a tool to maintain
stability and balance.
Reaching, Leaning and Bending
Forward
Position the front casters so that they are extended as far forward as
possible and engage wheel locks.
Backwards
Position wheelchair as close as possible to the desired object. Point front
casters forward to create the longest possible wheelbase. Reach back
only as far as your arm will extend without changing your sitting position.
FIGURE1 Reaching, Leaning and Bending -
Forward/Backward
WARNING
DO NOT shift your weight or sitting position toward direction you are reaching as the wheelchair may tip over.
DO NOT attempt to reach objects if you have to move forward in the seat or pick them up from the floor by reaching
down between your knees.
DO NOT lean over the top of the back upholstery to reach objects behind you, as this may cause the wheelchair to tip
over.
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