The HA17431 series is a family of voltage referenced shunt regulators. The main application of these
products is in voltage regulators that provide a variable output voltage. The HA17431 series products are
provided in a wide range of packages; TO-92 and TO-92MOD insertion mounting packages and MPAK-5,
UPAK, and FP-8D surface mounting packages are available. The on-chip high-precision reference voltage
source can provide ±1% accuracy in the V versions, which have a VKA max of 16 volts. The
HA17431VLP, which is provided in the MPAK-5 package, is designed for use in switching mode power
supplies. It provides a built-in photocoupler bypass resistor for the PS pin, and an error amplifier can be
easily constructed on the supply side.
Features
• The V versions provide 2.500 V ±1% at Ta = 25°C
• The HA17431VLP includes a photocoupler bypass resistor (2 kΩ)
• The reference voltage has a low temperature coefficient
• The MPAK-5 and UPAK miniature packages are optimal for use on high mounting density circuit
boards
• A wide operating temperature range (–40 to +85°C) is provided by the TO-92, TO-92MOD, and FP-8D
package versions
Block Diagram
KPS*
2kΩ
REF
2.500V
Note: * The PS pin is only provided by the HA17431VLP.
+
−
A
HA17431 Series
Application Circuit Example
Switching power supply secondary-side error amplification circuit
Vout
R
R
+
K
–
HA17431VLP
PS
2kΩ
REF
A
Ordering Information
Version
ItemV VersionA Version
ReferenceAccuracy±1% (at 25°C)±2.2%±4%
voltageMax2.525 V2.550 V2.595 V
Typ2.500 V2.495 V2.495 V
Min2.475 V2.440 V2.395 V
Cathode voltage16 V max40 V max40 V max
Cathode current50 mA max150 mA max150 mA max
Wide temperature useHA17431VPJHA17431PNAJTO-92–40 to +85°C
2. Imin is given by the cathode current at Vref = Vref
3. R
is only provided in HA17431VLP.
PS
Ta Max
(IK=10mA)
4. The maximum value is a design value (not measured).
– 15 mV.
7
HA17431 Series
MPAK-5 and UPAK Marking Patterns
The marking patterns shown below are used on MPAK-5 and UPAK products. Note that the product code
and mark pattern are different. The pattern is laser-printed.
HA17431VLPHA17431UA
NCPS
(1)
(2)
P4
(a)
(b)
REFAK
REF
(4)
(c)
AA
Band mark
K
4A
(1) (2)
(3) (4)
(5)
HA17431UPA
REF
AA
Band mark
K
4B
(1) (2)
(3) (4)
(5)
HA17432UA
K
A
Band mark
REF
4C
(1) (2)
(3) (4)
HA17432UPA
K
A
A
Band mark
REF
(5)
4F
(1) (2)
(3) (4)
(5)
Notes: 1. Boxes (1) to (5) in the figures show the position of the letters or numerals, and are not actually
marked on the package.
2. The letters (1) and (2) show the product specific mark pattern.
Product(1)(2)
Oscillation Stability vs. Load Capacitance between Anode and Cathode
150
1.5
Oscillation
(mA)
100
K
50
Stable
region
region
C
L
V
CC
0
0.00010.0010.010.12.01.0
Cathode current I
Load capacitance C
(µF)
L
Open Loop Voltage Gain, Phase vs. Frequency Characteristics (1)
(With no feedback capacitance)
60
(dB)
50
VOL
40
30
20
10
Open loop voltage gain G
0
10 µF
Vin
220 Ω
15 kΩ
φ
8.2 kΩ
G
V
IK = 10 mA
0
90
Vout
GND
180
101001 k10 k100 k
Frequency f (Hz)
Phase φ (degrees)
Open Loop Voltage Gain, Phase vs. Frequency Characteristics (2)
(When a feedback capacitance (Cf) is provided)
10
(dB)
VOL
8
Gυ
Gυ
IK = 5 mA
180
Cf = 0.022 µF
5
Cf = 0.22 µF
2 k
Cf
2.4 kΩ
50 Ω
+
7.5 kΩ
—
GND
0
200 µF
Open loop voltage gain G
Vin
Vout
20 V
φ
270
360
—4
101001 k10 k
Frequency f (Hz)
Phase φ (degrees)
11
HA17431 Series
Reference voltage pin Input current
Reference Voltage Pin Input Current vs. Cathode Voltage Characteristics
2.5
2.0
1.5
Iref (µA)
1.0
IK = 10 mA
0.5
0152010525403530
Cathode voltage V
K
(V)
Pulse Response
INPUT
(P.G)
(V)
I
5
4
3
OUTPUT
(Vout)
2
220 Ω
50 Ω
Input/Output voltage V
1
P.G
f = 100 kHz
0456231
Time t (µs)
Vout
GND
Reference Voltage Temperature Characteristics
2.50
VKA = Vref
IK = 10 mA
2.49
2.48
2.47
2.46
Reference voltage Vref (V)
2.45
2.44
–200 2040608085
Ambient temperature Ta (°C)
12
HA17431 Series
Reference Voltage Pin Input Current
Temperature Characteristics
3
R1 = 10 kΩ
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
Reference voltage pin input current Iref (µA)
0
–200 2040608085
Ambient temperature Ta (°C)
Cathode Current vs. Cathode Voltage Characteristics (2)
1.2
R2 = ∞
IK = 10 mA
Cathode Current vs. Cathode Voltage Characteristics (1)
150
120
100
80
(mA)
60
K
40
20
0
–20
Cathode current I
–40
–60
–80
–100
Cathode voltage VK (V)
Cathode Current Temperature Characteristics
2
VK = Vref
Ta = 25°C
–10–2123
when Off State
1.0
0.8
(mA)
K
0.6
0.4
Cathode current I
0.2
VKA = Vref
Ta = 25°C
Cathode voltage VK (V)
VKA = 40 V
Vref = 0
1.5
Imin
1230
1
Cathode current when off state Ioff (nA)
0.5
–200 2040608085
Ambient temperature Ta (°C)
13
HA17431 Series
Application Examples
As shown in the figure on the right, this IC operates as an inverting amplifier, with the REF pin as input
pin. The open-loop voltage gain is given by the reciprocal of “reference voltage deviation by cathode
voltage change” in the electrical specifications, and is approximately 50 to 60 dB. The REF pin has a high
input impedance, with an input current Iref of 3.8 µ A Typ (V version: Iref = 2 µA Typ). The output
impedance of the output pin K (cathode) is defined as dynamic impedance ZKA, and ZKA is low (0.2 Ω) over
a wide cathode current range. A (anode) is used at the minimum potential, such as ground.
K
REF
2.5V
V
Z ≅
V
CC
–
+
OUT
V
EE
A
Figure 1 Operation Diagram
Application Hints
No.Application ExampleDescription
1Reference voltage generation circuit
C
Vout
L
GND
Vin
GND
R
REFA
K
2Variable output shunt regulator circuit
Vin
GND
R
Iref
R
1
R
2
REF
K
A
C
Vout
L
GND
This is the simplest reference voltage circuit. The value
of the resistance R is set so that cathode current I
mA.
Output is fixed at Vout ≅ 2.5 V.
The external capacitor C
prevent oscillation in normal applications.
This is circuit 1 above with variable output provided.
Vout ≅ 2.5 V ×Here,
Since the reference input current Iref = 3.8 µA Typ (V
version: Iref = 2 µA Typ) flows through R
values are chosen to allow the resultant voltage drop to
be ignored.
(CL ≥ 3.3 µF) is used to
L
(R1 + R2)
R
2
, resistance
1
≥ 1
K
14
Application Hints (cont)
No.Application ExampleDescription
3Single power supply inverting
comparator circuit
V
CC
R
L
Rin
Vin
GND
REF
K
A
4AC amplifier circuit
Cf
R
1
Cin
R
R
1
R2 // R
3
REF
R
2
3
2π Cf (R1 // R2 // R3)
Vin
Gain G =(DC gain)
Cutoff frequency fc =
Vout
GND
V
CC
R
K
A
1
L
Vout
GND
This is an inverting type comparator with an input
threshold voltage of approximately 2.5 V. Rin is the
REF pin protection resistance, with a value of several
kΩ to several tens of kΩ.
R
is the load resistance, selected so that the cathode
L
current I
Condition
C1
C2
≥ 1 mA when Vout is low.
K
Vin
Less then 2.5 V
2.5 V or more
This is an AC amplifier with voltage gain G = –R1 /
(R
//R3). The input is cut by capacitance Cin, so that
2
the REF pin is driven by the AC input signal, centered
on 2.5 V
also functions as a resistance that determines the
R
2
.
DC
DC cathode potential when there is no input, but if the
input level is low and there is no risk of Vout clipping to
V
, this can be omitted.
CC
To change the frequency characteristic, Cf should be
connected as indicated by the dotted line.
HA17431 Series
Vout
(VOH)
V
CC
Approx. 2 V (V
OL
)
IC
OFF
ON
5Switching power supply error
amplification circuit
+
LED
–
(Note)
Secondary
side GND
Note: LED
: Light emitting diode in photocoupler
: Bypass resistor to feed IK(>Imin)
R3
when LED current vanishes
: LED protection resistance
R4
This circuit performs control on the secondary side of a
transformer, and is often used with a switching power
supply that employs a photocoupler for offlining.
+
V
R
4
R
3
Cf
The output voltage (between V+ and V–) is given by the
following formula:
(R1 + R2)
R
2
R
1
Vout ≅ 2.5 V ×
In this circuit, the gain with respect to the Vout error is
as follows:
R
2
G =×
–
V
R
2
(R1 + R2)
HA17431 open
loop gain
photocoupler
×
total gain
As stated earlier, the HA17431 open-loop gain is 50 to
60 dB.
15
HA17431 Series
Application Hints (cont)
No.Application ExampleDescription
6Constant voltage regulator circuit
V
CC
R
1
Q
Vout
R
2
Cf
R
3
GNDGND
This is a 3-pin regulator with a discrete configuration, in
which the output voltage
Vout = 2.5 V ×
R1 is a bias resistance for supplying the HA17431
cathode current and the output transistor Q base
current.
(R2 + R3)
R
3
7Discharge type constant current circuit
V
CC
GND
R
2.5 V
Q
R
S
+
Load
I
L
–
8Induction type constant current circuit
V
CC
GND
R
2.5 V
Load
R
+
I
L
–
Q
S
This circuit supplies a constant current of
2.5 V
IL ≅[A] into the load. Caution is required
R
S
since the HA17431 cathode current is also
superimposed on I
.
L
The requirement in this circuit is that the cathode
current must be greater than Imin = 1 mA. The I
L
setting therefore must be on the order of several mA or
more.
In this circuit, the load is connected on the collector side
of transistor Q in circuit 7 above. In this case, the load
floats from GND, but the HA17431 cathode current is
not superimposed on I
, so that IL can be kept small (1
L
mA or less is possible). The constant current value is
the same as for circuit 7 above:
2.5 V
I
≅[A]
L
R
S
16
HA17431 Series
Design Guide for AC-DC SMPS (Switching Mode Power Supply)
Use of Shunt Regulator in Transformer Secondary Side Control
This example is applicable to both forward transformers and flyback transformers. A shunt regulator is
used on the secondary side as an error amplifier, and feedback to the primary side is provided via a
photocoupler.
Transformer
R
1
PWM IC
HA17384
HA17385
Phototransistor
Photocoupler
SBD
V
F
Light
emitting diode
HA17431
I
F
R
2
I
B
V
K
K
R
5
C
1
REF
A
Vref
GND
R
3
R
4
Output
V
0
(+)
(–)
Figure 2 Typical Shunt Regulator/Error Amplifier
Determination of External Constants for the Shunt Regulator
DC characteristic determination: In figure 2, R1 and R2 are protection resistor for the light emitting diode
in the photocoupler, and R2 is a bypass resistor to feed IK minimum, and these are determined as shown
below. The photocoupler specification should be obtained separately from the manufacturer. Using the
parameters in figure 2, the following formulas are obtained:
R1 =
V0 – VF – V
IF + I
B
K
, R2 =
V
F
I
B
VK is the HA17431 operating voltage, and is set at around 3 V, taking into account a margin for fluctuation.
R2 is the current shunt resistance for the light emitting diode, in which a bias current IB of around 1/5 I
flows.
Next, the output voltage can be determined by R3 and R4, and the following formula is obtained:
R3 + R
V0 =
4
× Vref, Vref = 2.5 V Typ
R
4
The absolute values of R3 and R4 are determined by the HA17431 reference input current Iref and the AC
characteristics described in the next section. The Iref value is around 3.8 µA Typ. (V version: 2 µA Typ)
F
17
HA17431 Series
AC characteristic determination: This refers to the determination of the gain frequency characteristic of
the shunt regulator as an error amplifier. Taking the configuration in figure 2, the error amplifier
characteristic is as shown in figure 3.
G1 = G0 ≈ 50 dB to 60 dB (determined by shunt regulator)
R
5
G2 =
R
3
Corner frequencies
f1 = 1/(2π C1 G0 R3)
= 1/(2π C1 R5)
f
2
G0 is the shunt regulator open-loop gain; this is given by the reciprocal of the reference voltage fluctuation
∆Vref/∆VKA, and is approximately 50 dB.
18
HA17431 Series
Practical Example
Consider the example of a photocoupler, with an internal light emitting diode VF = 1.05 V and IF = 2.5 mA,
power supply output voltage V2 = 5 V, and bias resistance R2 current of approximately 1/5 IF at 0.5 mA. If
the shunt regulator VK = 3 V, the following values are found.
5V – 1.05V – 3V
R1 =
2.5mA + 0.5mA
1.05V
R
=
2
0.5mA
= 2.1(kΩ) (2.2kΩ from E24 series)
= 316(Ω) (330Ω from E24 series)
Next, assume that R3 = R4 = 10 kΩ. This gives a 5 V output. If R5 = 3.3 kΩ and C1 = 0.022 µF, the
following values are found.
G2 = 3.3 kΩ / 10 kΩ = 0.33 times (–10 dB)
= 1 / (2 ×π× 0.022 µF × 316 × 10 kΩ) = 2.3 (Hz)
f
1
= 1 / (2 ×π× 0.022 µF × 3.3 kΩ) = 2.2 (kHz)
f
2
19
HA17431 Series
Package Dimensions
Unit: mm
0.95
1.9 ± 0.2
5 – 0.4
2.9 ± 0.2
+ 0.1
– 0.05
0.95
0.3
+ 0.2
+ 0.2
0.6
– 0.1
1.6
0.6
1.1
– 0.1
+ 0.2
2.8
– 0.3
0.16
Hitachi Code
JEDEC
EIAJ
Mass
(reference value)
+ 0.1
– 0.05
0 – 0.1
MPAK-5
—
—
0.015 g
Unit: mm
20
0.53 Max
0.48 Max
4.5 ± 0.1
1.8 Max
1.5
1.5
3.0
1.5 ± 0.1
0.4
φ
1
0.44 Max
(1.5)
(2.5)
2.5 ± 0.1
4.25 Max
0.44 Max
(0.4)
(0.2)
0.8 Min
Hitachi Code
JEDEC
EIAJ
Mass
(reference value)
UPAK
—
Conforms
0.050 g
1.27
4.85
5.25 Max
8
1
0.75 Max
HA17431 Series
Unit: mm
5
4.4
4
+ 0.25
6.50
– 0.15
2.03 Max
*0.22 ± 0.05
0.20 ± 0.04
0.60
1.05
+ 0.25
– 0.18
0° – 8°
*0.42 ± 0.08
0.40 ± 0.06
*Dimension including the plating thickness
Base material dimension
0.10 ± 0.10
0.12
0.15
M
Hitachi Code
JEDEC
EIAJ
Mass
(reference value)
FP-8D
—
Conforms
0.10 g
21
HA17431 Series
Unit: mm
0.60 Max
0.5 ± 0.1
4.8 ± 0.3
1.27
2.54
0.7
5.0 ± 0.2
2.3 Max
12.7 Min
3.8 ± 0.3
0.5
22
Hitachi Code
JEDEC
EIAJ
Mass
(reference value)
TO-92 (1)
Conforms
Conforms
0.25 g
HA17431 Series
Unit: mm
0.65 ± 0.1
0.75 Max
0.60 Max
0.5 ± 0.1
4.8 ± 0.3
0.7
8.0 ± 0.5
2.3 Max
10.1 Min
3.8 ± 0.3
0.5
1.27
2.54
Hitachi Code
JEDEC
EIAJ
Mass
(reference value)
TO-92 Mod
—
Conforms
0.35 g
23
HA17431 Series
Cautions
1. Hitachi neither warrants nor grants licenses of any rights of Hitachi’s or any third party’s patent,
copyright, trademark, or other intellectual property rights for information contained in this document.
Hitachi bears no responsibility for problems that may arise with third party’s rights, including
intellectual property rights, in connection with use of the information contained in this document.
2. Products and product specifications may be subject to change without notice. Confirm that you have
received the latest product standards or specifications before final design, purchase or use.
3. Hitachi makes every attempt to ensure that its products are of high quality and reliability. However,
contact Hitachi’s sales office before using the product in an application that demands especially high
quality and reliability or where its failure or malfunction may directly threaten human life or cause risk
of bodily injury, such as aerospace, aeronautics, nuclear power, combustion control, transportation,
traffic, safety equipment or medical equipment for life support.
4. Design your application so that the product is used within the ranges guaranteed by Hitachi particularly
for maximum rating, operating supply voltage range, heat radiation characteristics, installation
conditions and other characteristics. Hitachi bears no responsibility for failure or damage when used
beyond the guaranteed ranges. Even within the guaranteed ranges, consider normally foreseeable
failure rates or failure modes in semiconductor devices and employ systemic measures such as failsafes, so that the equipment incorporating Hitachi product does not cause bodily injury, fire or other
consequential damage due to operation of the Hitachi product.
5. This product is not designed to be radiation resistant.
6. No one is permitted to reproduce or duplicate, in any form, the whole or part of this document without
written approval from Hitachi.
7. Contact Hitachi’s sales office for any questions regarding this document or Hitachi semiconductor
products.
Hitachi, Ltd.
Semiconductor & Integrated Circuits.
Nippon Bldg., 2-6-2, Ohte-machi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
Tel: Tokyo (03) 3270-2111 Fax: (03) 3270-5109
Hitachi Europe Ltd.
Electronic Components Group.
Whitebrook Park
Lower Cookham Road
Maidenhead
Berkshire SL6 8YA, United Kingdom
Tel: <44> (1628) 585000
Fax: <44> (1628) 585160
Hitachi Asia Ltd.
Hitachi Tower
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Singapore 049318
Tel : <65>-538-6533/538-8577
Fax : <65>-538-6933/538-3877
URL : http://www.hitachi.com.sg
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(Taipei Branch Office)
4/F, No. 167, Tun Hwa North Road,
Hung-Kuo Building,
Taipei (105), Taiwan
Tel : <886>-(2)-2718-3666
Fax : <886>-(2)-2718-8180
Telex : 23222 HAS-TP
URL : http://www.hitachi.com.tw
Copyright Hitachi, Ltd., 2000. All rights reserved. Printed in Japan.
24
Hitachi Asia (Hong Kong) Ltd.
Group III (Electronic Components)
7/F., North Tower,
World Finance Centre,
Harbour City, Canton Road
Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon,
Hong Kong
Tel : <852>-(2)-735-9218
Fax : <852>-(2)-730-0281
URL : http://www.hitachi.com.hk
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