Instruction Manual |
C1 Controllers and Transmitters |
D103292X012 |
May 2014 |
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Fisherr C1 Pneumatic Controllers and
Transmitters
Contents |
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Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
2 |
Scope of Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
2 |
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
2 |
Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
2 |
Educational Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
2 |
Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
6 |
Standard Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
6 |
Panel Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
7 |
Wall Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
7 |
Pipestand Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
7 |
Actuator Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
7 |
Pressure Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
9 |
Supply Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
9 |
Process Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
10 |
Vent Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
11 |
Controller Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
11 |
Proportional-Only Controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
11 |
Adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
11 |
ÃAdjustment: Set Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
11 |
ÃAdjustment: Proportional Band . . . . . . . . . . |
11 |
Calibration: Proportional-Only Controllers . . . |
12 |
Startup: Proportional-Only Controllers . . . . . . |
15 |
Proportional-Plus-Reset Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . |
15 |
Adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
16 |
ÃAdjustment: Set Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
16 |
ÃAdjustment: Proportional Band . . . . . . . . . . |
16 |
ÃAdjustment: Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
16 |
ÃAdjustment: Anti-Reset Windup . . . . . . . . . |
17 |
Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
17 |
ÃCalibration: Proportional-Plus-Reset |
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Controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
17 |
ÃCalibration: Anti-Reset Windup . . . . . . . . . . |
19 |
Startup: Proportional-Plus-Reset |
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Controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
20 |
Differential Gap Controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
20 |
Adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
21 |
ÃAdjustment: Set Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
21 |
ÃAdjustment: Proportional Band . . . . . . . . . . |
21 |
Calibration: Differential Gap Controllers . . . . |
21 |
Startup: Differential Gap Controllers . . . . . . . |
23 |
Transmitter Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
23 |
Adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
23 |
Adjustment: Zero . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
23 |
Adjustment: Span . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
24 |
Figure 1. Fisher C1 Controller Yoke-Mounted on Control Valve Actuator
W9263-1 |
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Calibration: Transmitters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
24 |
Startup: Transmitters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
26 |
Principle of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
27 |
Proportional-Only Controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
27 |
Proportional-Plus-Reset Controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . |
28 |
Controllers with Anti-Reset Windup . . . . . . . . . . . . |
28 |
Differential Gap Controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
28 |
Transmitters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
29 |
Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
30 |
Replacing Gauges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
30 |
Replacing Bourdon Tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
31 |
Replacing Bellows Sensing Element . . . . . . . . . . . . |
32 |
Changing Proportional or Reset Valve . . . . . . . . . . |
33 |
Changing Anti-Reset Windup Differential |
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Relief Valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
33 |
Changing Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
33 |
Proportional-Only to a Differential |
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Gap Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
33 |
Reverse to Direct Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
34 |
Relay Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
36 |
Changing Output Signal Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
37 |
Parts Ordering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
40 |
www.Fisher.com
C1 Controllers and Transmitters |
Instruction Manual |
May 2014 |
D103292X012 |
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Contents (Continued)
Parts Kits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Parts List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Common Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Mounting Parts for Panel, Wall, Pipestand
or Actuator Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Introduction
Scope of Manual
This instruction manual provides installation, operating, maintenance, and parts information for the Fisher C1 pressure controllers and transmitters shown in figure 1. Refer to separate instruction manuals for information regarding the control valve, actuator, and accessories.
Do not install, operate, or maintain C1 pressure controllers and transmitters without first being fully trained and qualified in valve, actuator, and accessory installation, operation, and maintenance. To avoid personal injury and property damage, it is important to carefully read, understand, and follow all the contents of this manual, including all safety cautions and warnings. If you have any questions about these instructions, contact your Emerson Process Management sales office before proceeding.
Description
The C1 pneumatic pressure controllers and transmitters use a bellows or Bourdon tube sensing element to sense the gauge pressure, vacuum, compound pressure, or differential pressure of a liquid or gas. The controller or transmitter output is a pneumatic pressure signal that can be used to operate a final control element, indicating device, or recording device.
Unless otherwise noted, all NACE references are to NACE MR0175 / ISO15156 & NACE MR0103.
Specifications
Specifications for the C1 controllers and transmitters are listed in table 1. Table 2 explains available configurations and options.
Educational Services
For information on available courses for C1 controllers and transmitters, as well as a variety of other products, contact:
Emerson Process Management Educational Services - Registration
Phone: +1-641-754-3771 or +1-800-338-8158 e-mail: education@emerson.com http://www.emersonprocess.com/education
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Instruction Manual |
C1 Controllers and Transmitters |
D103292X012 |
May 2014 |
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Table 1. Specifications |
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Available Configurations
See table 2
Input Signal
Type: J Gauge pressure, J vacuum, J compound pressure, or J differential pressure of a liquid or gas Limits: See table 3 or 4
Output Signal
Proportional-Only or Proportional-Plus-Reset Controllers and Transmitters:
J0.2 to 1.0 bar (3 to 15 psig) or
J0.4 to 2.0 bar (6 to 30 psig) pneumatic pressure signal
Differential Gap Controllers:
J0 and 1.4 bar (0 and 20 psig) or
J0 and 2.4 bar (0 and 35 psig) pneumatic pressure signal
Action: Control action is field reversible between
Jdirect (increasing sensed pressure produces increasing output signal) and J reverse (increasing sensed pressure produces decreasing output signal).
Supply Pressure Requirements(1)
See table 5
Supply Pressure Medium
Air or natural gas
Air: Supply pressure must be clean, dry air that meets the requirements of ISA Standard 7.0.01. A maximum 40 micrometer particle size in the air system is acceptable. Further filtration down to 5 micrometer particle size is recommended. Lubricant content is not to exceed 1 ppm weight (w/w) or volume (v/v) basis. Condensation in the air supply should be minimized
Natural Gas: Natural gas must be clean, dry, oil-free, and noncorrosive. H2S content should not exceed 20 ppm.
Steady-State Air Consumption(2)(3)
0.2 to 1.0 bar (3 to 15 psig): 0.08 normal m3/hour (3 scfh)
0.4 to 2.0 bar (6 to 30 psig): 0.12 normal m3/hour (4.5 scfh)
Supply and Output Connections
1/4 NPT internal
Common Signal Pressure Conversions
See table 6
Proportional Band Adjustment
For Proportional-Only Controllers: Full output pressure change adjustable from J 2% to 100% of the sensing element range for 0.2 to 1.0 bar (3 to 15 psig) or J 4% to 100% of the sensing element range for 0.4 to 2.0 bar (6 to 30 psig)
For Proportional-Plus-Reset Controllers: Full output pressure change adjustable from J 3% to 100% of the sensing element range for 0.2 to 1.0 bar (3 to 15 psig), or J 6% to 100% of the sensing element range for 0.4 to 2.0 bar (6 to 30 psig)
Differential Gap Adjustment
For Differential Gap Controllers:
Full output pressure change adjustable from 15% to 100% of sensing element range
Reset Adjustment
For Proportional-Plus-Reset Controllers: Adjustable from 0.01 to 74 minutes per repeat (100 to 0.01 repeats per minute)
Zero Adjustment (Transmitters Only)
Continuously adjustable to position span of less than 100% anywhere within the sensing element range
Span Adjustment (Transmitters Only)
Full output pressure change adjustable from 6 to 100% of sensing element range
Performance
Repeatability: 0.5% of sensing element range
Deadband (Except Differential Gap Controllers)(4):
0.1% of sensing element range
Typical Frequency Response at 100% Proportional Band
Output to Actuator: 0.7 Hz and 110 degree phase shift with 1850 cm3 (113 inches3) volume, actuator at mid-stroke
Output to Positioner Bellows: 9 Hz and 130 degree phase shift with 0.2 to 1.0 bar (3 to 15 psig) output to 33 cm3 (2 inches3) bellows
−continued−
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C1 Controllers and Transmitters |
Instruction Manual |
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May 2014 |
D103292X012 |
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Table 1. Specifications (continued) |
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Ambient Operating Temperature Limits(1) |
temperature between -40 and 71_C (-40 and 160_F) |
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J Standard Construction: -40 to 71_C (-40 to 160_F) |
for a transmitter set at 100% span |
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J High Temperature Construction: -18 to 104_C |
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(0 to 220_F) |
Hazardous Area Classification |
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Anti-reset windup (differential pressure relief) and |
Complies with the requirements of ATEX Group II |
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process pressure gauge options are only available in |
Category 2 Gas and Dust |
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the standard construction |
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If the process temperature is outside the ambient |
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operating range of the controller, the length of the |
Refer to figure 26 for location of ATEX marking |
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capillary tube run from the sensor point to the |
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controller process input may be adjusted to protect |
Approximate Weight |
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the controller from the process temperature |
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Typical Ambient Temperature Operating Influence |
8.2 kg (18 pounds) |
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Proportional Control only: |
Declaration of SEP |
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$3.0% of output span for each 28_C (50_F) change in |
Fisher Controls International LLC declares this |
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temperature between -40 and 71_C (-40 and 160_F) |
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product to be in compliance with Article 3 paragraph |
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for a controller set at 100% proportional band |
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3 of the Pressure Equipment Directive (PED) 97 / 23 / |
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Proportional-Plus-Reset Control: |
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EC. It was designed and manufactured in accordance |
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$2.0% of output span for each 28_C (50_F) change in |
with Sound Engineering Practice (SEP) and cannot |
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temperature between -40 and 71_C (-40 and 160_F) |
bear the CE marking related to PED compliance. |
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for a controller set at 100% proportional band |
However, the product may bear the CE marking to |
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Transmitters only: |
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indicate compliance with other applicable European |
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$3.0% of output span for each 28_C (50_F) change in |
Community Directives. |
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1.The pressure/temperature limits in this document and any applicable standard or code limitation should not be exceeded.
2.Normal m3/hr: normal cubic meters per hour (m3/hr, 0_C and 1.01325 bar, absolute). Scfh: standard cubic feet per hour (ft3/hr, 60_F and 14.7 psig).
3.To convert from air flow rate to natural gas flow rate multiply by 1.29.
4.An adjustable differential gap (differential gap controllers) is equivalent to an adjustable deadband.
Table 2. Available Configurations
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TYPE NUMBER |
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DESCRIPTION |
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Bourdon Tube Sensing Element |
Bellows Sensing Element |
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(Gauge Pressure Only) |
Gauge Pressure |
Differential Pressure |
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Proportional-only controller |
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C1D |
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Proportional-plus-reset controller |
Without anti-reset windup |
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With anti-reset windup |
C1P |
C1B |
- - - |
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Differential gap controller |
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- - - |
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Transmitter |
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C1D |
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Instruction Manual |
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C1 Controllers and Transmitters |
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D103292X012 |
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May 2014 |
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Table 3. Bourdon Tube Pressure Range and Materials |
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PRESSURE RANGES(1,2) |
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MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE STATIC PRESSURE LIMITS(3) |
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Standard |
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With Optional Travel Stop(4) |
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MATERIAL(5) |
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Bar |
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Psig |
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Bar |
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Psig |
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Bar |
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Psig |
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0 to 2.0 |
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0 to 30 |
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2.0 |
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30 |
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3.3 |
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48 |
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0 to 4.0 |
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0 to 60 |
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4.0 |
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60 |
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6.6 |
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96 |
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0 to 7.0 |
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0 to 100 |
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7.0 |
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100 |
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11 |
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160 |
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0 to 14 |
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0 to 200 |
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14 |
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200 |
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19 |
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280 |
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0 to 20 |
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0 to 300 |
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20 |
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300 |
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29 |
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420 |
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0 to 40 |
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0 to 600 |
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40 |
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600 |
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50 |
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720 |
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316 stainless steel |
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0 to 70 |
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0 to 1000 |
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70 |
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1000 |
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83 |
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1200 |
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0 to 100 |
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0 to 1500 |
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100 |
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1500 |
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115 |
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1650 |
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0 to 200 |
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0 to 3000 |
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200 |
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3000 |
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230 |
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3300 |
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0 to 350 |
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0 to 5000 |
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350 |
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5000 |
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380 |
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5500 |
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0 to 550 |
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0 to 8000 |
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550 |
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8000 |
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550 |
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8000 |
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0 to 700 |
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0 to 10.000 |
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700 |
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10,000 |
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700 |
10,000 |
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1. If the process can trip to a pressure outside of the operating range of the sensing element, a commercially available device, such as an overpressure protector, may be used to protect |
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against pressure surges and pulsations. |
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2. Range marked on Bourdon tube may be in kPa (1 bar = 100 kPa) |
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3. Bourdon tube may be pressurized to limit shown without permanent zero shift. |
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4. With travel stop set at 110% of the range. |
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5. Bourdon tubes are also available in NACE compliant material. Contact your Emerson Process Management sales office for additional information. |
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Table 4. Bellows Pressure Ranges and Materials |
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MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE STATIC |
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PRESSURE LIMITS(2) |
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PRESSURE RANGES(1) |
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Brass |
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Stainless Steel |
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Construction |
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Construction |
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Bar |
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Psig |
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Bar |
Psig |
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0 to 150 mbar (0 to 60 inch wc) |
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1.4 |
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20 |
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--- |
--- |
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Vacuum |
0 to 340 mbar (0 to 10 inch Hg) |
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2.8 |
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40 |
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--- |
--- |
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0 to 1.0 bar (0 to 30 inch Hg) |
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2.8 |
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40 |
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6.9 |
100 |
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75 mbar vac. to 75 mbar (30 inch wc vac. to 30 inch wc) |
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1.4 |
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20 |
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--- |
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Compound Pressure |
500 mbar vac. to 500 mbar (15 inch Hg vac. to 7.5 psig) |
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2.8 |
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40 |
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6.9 |
100 |
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1.0 bar vac. to 1.0 bar (30 inch Hg vac. to 15 psig) |
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2.8 |
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40 |
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6.9 |
100 |
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0 to 150 mbar (0 to 60 inch wc) |
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1.4 |
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20 |
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--- |
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Gauge Pressure |
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0 to 250 mbar(3) (0 to 100 inch wc) |
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1.4 |
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20 |
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0 to 350 mbar(4) (0 to 140 inch wc) |
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2.8 |
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40 |
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0 to 0.35 bar (0 to 5 psig) |
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2.8 |
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40 |
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--- |
--- |
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Positive pressure |
0 to 0.5 bar (0 to 7.5 psig) |
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2.8 |
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40 |
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--- |
--- |
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0 to 0.7 bar (0 to 10 psig) |
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2.8 |
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40 |
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--- |
--- |
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0 to 1.0 bar (0 to 15 psig) |
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2.8 |
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40 |
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6.9 |
100 |
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0 to 1.4 bar (0 to 20 psig) |
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2.8 |
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40 |
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--- |
--- |
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0 to 2.0 bar (0 to 30 psig) |
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2.8 |
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40 |
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6.9 |
100 |
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0 to 300 mbar (0 to 80 inch wc) |
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1.4 |
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20 |
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--- |
--- |
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Differential Pressure(5) |
0 to 0.7 bar (0 to 10 psi) |
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2.8 |
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40 |
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--- |
--- |
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0 to 1.4 bar (0 to 20 psi) |
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2.8 |
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40 |
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--- |
--- |
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0 to 2.0 bar (0 to 30 psi) |
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--- |
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--- |
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6.9 |
100 |
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1. If the process can trip to a pressure outside of the operating range of the sensing element, a commercially available device, such as an overpressure protector, may be used to protect |
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against pressure surges and pulsations. |
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2. Bellows may be pressured to limit shown without permanent zero shift. |
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3. Transmitter only. |
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4. Except transmitter. |
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5. The overrange limit for these sensing elements is a differential pressure equal to the maximum allowable static pressure limit. |
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Table 5. Supply Pressure Requirements |
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Output Signal Range |
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Normal Operating Supply |
Maximum Allowable Supply Pressure To Prevent |
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Pressure(1) |
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Internal Part Damage |
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Bar |
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0.2 to 1.0 or 0 and 1.4 (differential gap) |
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1.4 |
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2.8 |
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0.4 to 2.0 or 0 and 2.4 (differential gap) |
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2.4 |
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2.8 |
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Psig |
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3 to 15 or 0 and 20 (differential gap) |
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20 |
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40 |
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6 to 30 or 0 and 35 (differential gap) |
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35 |
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40 |
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1. If this pressure is exceeded, control may be impaired.
5
C1 Controllers and Transmitters |
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Instruction Manual |
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D103292X012 |
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Table 6. Common Signal Pressure Conversions |
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Mps |
kg/cm2 |
bar |
kPa |
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Psi |
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0.02 |
0.2 |
0.2(2) |
20(1) |
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3 |
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0.03 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
35 |
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5 |
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0.04 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
40(1) |
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6 |
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0.05 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
50 |
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7 |
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0.06 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
60 |
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9 |
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0.07 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
75 |
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11 |
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0.08 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
80 |
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12 |
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0.09 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
95 |
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14 |
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0.10 |
1.0(3) |
1.0(2) |
100(1) |
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15 |
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0.12 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
125 |
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18 |
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0.14 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
140 |
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20 |
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0.15 |
1.5 |
1.5 |
150 |
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22 |
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0.17 |
1.8 |
1.7 |
170 |
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25 |
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0.18 |
1.9 |
1.9 |
185 |
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27 |
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0.20 |
2.0 |
2.0(3) |
200(1) |
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30 |
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0.22 |
2.2 |
2.2 |
220 |
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32 |
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0.23 |
2.3 |
2.3 |
230 |
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33 |
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0.24 |
2.5 |
2.4 |
240 |
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35 |
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0.34 |
3.5 |
3.4 |
345 |
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50 |
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0.55 |
5.6 |
5.5 |
550 |
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80 |
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0.69 |
7.0 |
6.9 |
690 |
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100 |
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1.03 |
10.5 |
10.3 |
1035 |
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150 |
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1. Values as listed in ANSI/S7.4. 2. Values as listed in IEC Standard 382.
3. Values rounded to correspond with kPa values.
Installation
WARNING
To avoid personal injury or property damage resulting from the sudden release of pressure:
D Always wear protective clothing, gloves, and eyewear when performing any installation operations.
D Personal injury or property damage may result from fire or explosion if natural gas is used as the supply medium and appropriate preventive measures are not taken. Preventive measures may include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following; remote venting of the unit, re-evaluating the hazardous area classification, ensuring adequate ventilation, and the removal of any ignition sources. For information on remote venting of this controller/ transmitter, refer to page 11.
D If installing into an existing application, also refer to the WARNING at the beginning of the Maintenance section in this instruction manual.
D Check with your process or safety engineer for any additional measures that must be taken to protect against process media.
Standard Installation
The instruments are normally mounted vertical with the case/cover as shown in figure 1. If installing the instrument in any other position, be sure that the vent opening shown in figure 2 is facing downward.
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Instruction Manual |
C1 Controllers and Transmitters |
D103292X012 |
May 2014 |
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Panel Mounting
Refer to figure 2.
Cut a hole in the panel surface according to the dimensions shown in figure 2. Remove the cap screws (key 252), brackets (key 251), and vent assembly (key 28). Slide the controller or transmitter into the cutout and reattach the brackets. Tighten the cap screw located in the center of each bracket to draw the case snugly and evenly against the panel. Reinstall the vent unless a remote vent will be used.
Wall Mounting
Refer to figure 2.
Drill four holes in the wall using the dimensions shown in figure 2. In the bracket (key 251) are 8.7 mm (0.3438 inch) diameter holes. Back out the cap screw located in the center of each bracket. (The screws are used for panel mounting but are not required for wall mounting.) If tubing runs through the wall, drill holes in the wall to accommodate the tubings. Figure 2 shows the pressure connection locations in the back of the case.
Mount the controller to the bracket using the four cap screws (key 252) provided. Attach the bracket to the wall, using suitable screws or bolts.
Pipestand Mounting
Refer to figure 2.
Use a hammer and punch to knock out the blanks in the two holes indicated in the back view of figure 2. Attach the spacer spools (key 228) and the mounting plate (key 213) to the controller with cap screws, lock washers, and nuts (keys 215, 221, and 216). Attach the controller to a 2-inch (nominal) pipe with pipe clamps (key 250).
Actuator Mounting
Refer to figure 3.
Controllers specified for mounting on a control valve actuator are mounted at the factory. If the instrument is ordered separately for installation on a control valve actuator, mount the instrument according to the following instructions.
Mounting parts for the different actuator types and sizes vary. Two typical actuator-mounting installations are shown in figure 3; see the parts list for parts required for the specific actuator type and size involved.
Use a hammer and punch to knock out the blanks in the two holes indicated in the back view of figure 2. Attach the spacer spools (key 228) and the mounting plate (key 213) to the controller with machine screws, lock washers, and nuts (keys 215, 221, and 216).
Attach the mounting bracket to the actuator yoke with cap screws (key 222) and, if needed, spacer spools. On some designs, the mounting bracket is attached to the actuator diaphragm casing rather than to the yoke.
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Instruction Manual |
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May 2014 |
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D103292X012 |
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Figure 2. Panel, Wall, and Pipestand Mounting |
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180.8 |
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(7.12) |
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63.5 |
63.5 |
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(2.50) |
(2.50) |
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65.8 |
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(2.59) |
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23.1 |
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(0.91) |
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KNOCK-OUT |
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69.1 |
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KNOCK-OUT |
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(2.72) |
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PIPESTAND MOUNTING |
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BACK VIEW |
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142.7 |
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244.3 |
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(5.62) |
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(9.62) |
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215.9 |
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(8.50) |
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8.7 |
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218.9 |
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(11/32) |
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101.6 |
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(8.62) |
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(4.00) |
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14.3 |
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(0.56) R |
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PANEL MOUNTING |
WALL MOUNTING |
CUTOUT FOR |
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FOUR HOLES |
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PANEL MOUNTING |
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FOR WALL |
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MOUNTING
mm
(INCH)
NOTES:
1. ALL CONNECTIONS ARE 1/4 NPT INTERNAL.
2 
HIGH-PRESSURE CONNECTION FOR DIFFERENTIAL-PRESSURE UNITS.
3 
LOW-PRESSURE CONNECTION FOR DIFFERENTIAL-PRESSURE UNITS.
E1052
8
Instruction Manual |
C1 Controllers and Transmitters |
D103292X012 |
May 2014 |
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Figure 3. Actuator Mounting |
|
SUPPLY PRESSURE
REGULATOR
PRESSURE
REGULATOR
|
GE33947 |
GE33946-A |
|
TYPICAL ROTARY ACTUATOR |
TYPICAL SLIDING-STEM ACTUATOR |
Pressure Connections
WARNING
To avoid personal injury or property damage resulting from the sudden release of pressure, do not install any system component where service conditions could exceed the limits given in this manual. Use pressure-relieving devices as required by government or accepted industry codes and good engineering practices.
All pressure connections on C1 instruments are 1/4 NPT internal. Use 6 mm (1/4-inch) or 10 mm (3/8-inch) pipe or tubing for supply and output piping. The pressure connection locations are shown in figure 2.
Supply Pressure
WARNING
Severe personal injury or property damage may occur from an uncontrolled process if the instrument supply medium is not clean, dry, oil-free and noncorrosive. While use and regular maintenance of a filter that removes particles larger than 40 micrometers in diameter will suffice in most applications, check with an Emerson Process Management field office and industry instrument supply medium quality standards for use with hazardous gas or if you are unsure about the proper amount or method of air filtration or filter maintenance.
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Instruction Manual |
May 2014 |
D103292X012 |
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Supply pressure must be clean, dry air that meets the requirements of ISA Standard 7.0.01. A maximum 40 micrometer particle size in the air system is acceptable. Further filtration down to 5 micrometer particle size is recommended. Lubricant content is not to exceed 1 ppm weight (w/w) or volume (v/v) basis. Condensation in the air supply should be minimized. Alternatively, natural gas may be used as the supply pressure medium. Gas must be clean, dry, oil-free, and noncorrosive. H2S content should not exceed 20 ppm.
Use a suitable supply pressure regulator to reduce the supply pressure source to the normal operating supply pressure shown in table 5. Connect supply pressure to the SUPPLY connection at the back of the case.
WARNING
To avoid personal injury or property damage resulting from the sudden release of process pressure, use a high pressure regulator system when operating the controller or transmitter from a high pressure source.
If operating the controller or transmitter from a high pressure source [up to 138 bar (2000 psig)], use a high pressure regulator system, such as the Fisher 1367 High Pressure Instrument Supply System. For 1367 system installation, adjustment, and maintenance information, refer to the 1367 High-Pressure Instrument Supply System with Overpressure Protection instruction manual, D100343X012.
Process Pressure
WARNING
To avoid personal injury or property damage resulting from the sudden release of pressure when using corrosive media, make sure the tubing and instrument components that contact the corrosive medium are of suitable noncorrosive material.
Also refer to the Installation Warning at the beginning of this section.
The pressure connections to the controller depend upon the type of pressure sensing, gauge or differential. Gauge pressure controllers use either a Bourdon tube or bellows as the sensing element, as indicated in table 2. Differential pressure controllers use two bellows to sense differential pressure.
For gauge pressure instruments: The control pressure block (key 10 in figure 22) has two connections. Process pressure can be connected either to the CONTROL connection on the back of the case, or to the connection on the left side of the case, shown in figure 2, depending on the instrument application. Plug the unused connection.
For differential pressure instruments: Connect the low pressure line to the CONTROL connection on the side of the case and the high pressure line to the CONTROL connection on the back of the case as shown in figure 2.
When installing process piping, follow accepted practices to ensure accurate transmission of the process pressure to the controller or transmitter. Install shutoff valves, vents, drains, or seal systems as needed in the process pressure lines. If the instrument is located such that the adjacent process pressure lines will be approximately horizontal, the lines should slope downward to the instrument for liquid-filled lines and upward to instruments for gas-filled lines. This will minimize the possibility of air becoming trapped in the sensor with liquid-filled lines or of condensation becoming trapped with gas-filled lines. The recommended slope is 83 mm per meter (1 inch per foot).
If a controller is being used in conjunction with a control valve to control pipeline pressure, connect the process pressure line in a straight section of pipe approximately 10 pipe diameters from the valve but away from bends, elbows, and areas of abnormal fluid velocities. For pressure-reducing service, the process line must be connected downstream of the valve. For pressure-relief service, the process pressure line must be connected upstream of the control valve. Install a needle valve in the process pressure line to dampen pulsations.
10
Instruction Manual |
C1 Controllers and Transmitters |
D103292X012 |
May 2014 |
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Vent Assembly
WARNING
Personal injury or property damage could result from fire or explosion of accumulated gas, or from contact with hazardous gas, if a flammable or hazardous gas is used as the supply pressure medium. Because the instrument case and cover assembly do not form a gas-tight seal when the assembly is enclosed, a remote vent line, adequate ventilation, and necessary safety measures should be used to prevent the accumulation of flammable or hazardous gas. However, a remote vent pipe alone cannot be relied upon to remove all flammable and hazardous gas. Vent line piping should comply with local and regional codes, and should be be as short as possible with adequate inside diameter and few bends to reduce case pressure buildup.
CAUTION
When installing a remote vent pipe, take care not to overtighten the pipe in the vent connection. Excessive torque will damage the threads in the connection.
The vent assembly (key 28, figure 2) or the end of a remote vent pipe must be protected against the entrance of all foreign matter that could plug the vent. Use 13 mm (1/2-inch) pipe for the remote vent pipe, if one is required. Check the vent periodically to be certain it has not become plugged.
Controller Operation
Proportional-Only Controllers
This section describes the adjustments and procedures for calibration and startup. Adjustment locations are shown in figure 4 unless otherwise specified. All adjustments must be made with the cover open. When the adjustments and calibration procedures are complete, close and latch the cover.
To better understand the adjustments and overall operation of the controller, refer to the Principle of Operation section in this manual for proportional-only controllers. Refer also to the schematic diagram in figure 13.
Adjustments
Adjustment: Set Point
Adjust the pressure setting knob by turning the knob clockwise to increase the set point and counterclockwise to decrease the set point. Note that the dial setting and actual process pressure may vary significantly, especially with a wide proportional band setting.
Adjustment: Proportional Band
To adjust the proportional band, rotate the proportional band adjustment knob to the desired value.
The proportional band adjustment determines the amount of change in controlled pressure required to cause the control valve to stroke fully. It may be adjusted from 2 to 100 percent for 0.2 to 1.0 bar (3 to 15 psig) or 4 to 100 percent for 0.4 to 2.0 bar (6 to 30 psig) of the nominal sensing element pressure rating.
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Instruction Manual |
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D103292X012 |
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Calibration: Proportional-Only Controllers
Unless otherwise indicated, key number locations are shown in figure 4.
Provide a process pressure source capable of simulating the process pressure range of the controller. If an output pressure gauge is not provided, install a suitable pressure gauge for calibration purposes.
Figure 4. Proportional-Only Controller Adjustment Locations
GE28280-B E1059
PRESSURE SETTING KNOB (KEY 58)
PRESSURE SETTING DIAL (KEY 6)
PROPORTIONAL BAND
ADJUSTMENT KNOB
CALIBRATION ADJUSTER (KEY 36) |
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FLAPPER (KEY 40) |
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ADJUSTER SCREWS (KEY 48) |
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NOZZLE (KEY 54) |
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Connect a pressure source to the supply pressure regulator and be sure the regulator is delivering the correct supply pressure to the controller. The controller must be connected open loop (Open loop: The controller output pressure changes must be dead ended into a pressure gauge). The following procedures use a 0.2 to 1.0 bar (3 to 15 psig) output pressure range as an example. For a 0.4 to 2.0 bar (6 to 30 psig) output range, adjust the values as appropriate.
1.Complete the above connections and provide a process pressure equal to the sensing element range.
2.Rotate the proportional band adjustment knob, shown in figure 4, to 1.5 (15 percent proportional band).
3.Verify that the calibration adjuster screws (key 48) are at mid-position in the calibration adjuster (key 36) slots.
Depending upon the controller action, perform one or the other of the following procedures.
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Instruction Manual |
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D103292X012 |
May 2014 |
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For reverse-acting controllers:
4.Apply an input pressure equal to the sensing element upper range value.
5.Rotate the pressure setting knob to the maximum value.
6.Adjust the nozzle (key 54) until the controller output pressure is between 0.6 and 0.7 bar (8 and 10 psig).
7.Apply an input pressure equal to the sensing element lower range value.
8.Rotate the pressure setting knob to the minimum value.
Note
When performing the span adjustment in step 9, do not watch the output gauge while changing the calibration adjuster. The change in output is not a good indication of the change in span. While moving the calibration adjuster, the output pressure may change in the opposite direction than expected. For example, while moving the calibration adjuster to increase span, the output pressure may decrease. This should be disregarded since even though the output pressure decreases, the span is increasing.
Proper controller response depends on nozzle-to-flapper alignment.
When performing span adjustments, carefully loosen both calibration adjuster screws while holding the calibration adjuster in place. Then move the calibration adjuster slightly in the required direction by hand or using a screwdriver. Verify proper nozzle-to-flapper alignment and hold the calibration adjuster in place while tightening both adjustment screws.
9.If the output is not between 0.6 and 0.7 bar (8 and 10 psig), adjust the controller span by loosening the two adjusting screws (key 48) and moving the calibration adjuster (key 36) a small distance as indicated in figure 5.
10.Repeat steps 4 through 9 until no further adjustment is necessary.
11.Proceed to the startup procedure for proportional controllers.
Figure 5. Reverse-Acting Controller Span Adjustment — Proportional-Only Controllers
IF OUTPUT IS:
ABOVE
8 TO 10 PSIG
(0.6 TO 0.7 BAR)
MOVE ADJUSTER
LEFT
FLAPPER
NOTE:
3 TO 15 PSIG (0.2 TO 1.0 BAR) OUTPUT SHOWN. FOR 6 TO 30 PSIG (0.4 TO 2.0 BAR) OUTPUT, ADJUST VALUES AS APPROPRIATE.
A6155-1
BELOW
8 TO 10 PSIG
(0.6 TO 0.7 BAR)
MOVE ADJUSTER
RIGHT
NOZZLE
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Instruction Manual |
May 2014 |
D103292X012 |
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For direct-acting controllers:
4.Apply an input pressure equal to the sensing element lower range value.
5.Rotate the pressure setting knob to the minimum value.
6.Adjust the nozzle (key 54) until the controller output pressure is between 0.6 and 0.7 bar (8 and 10 psig.)
7.Apply an input pressure equal to the sensing element upper range value.
8.Rotate the pressure setting knob to the maximum value.
Note
When performing the span adjustment in step 9, do not watch the output gauge while changing the calibration adjuster. The change in output is not a good indication of the change in span. While moving the calibration adjuster, the output pressure may change in the opposite direction than expected. For example, while moving the calibration adjuster to increase span, the output pressure may decrease. This should be disregarded since even though the output pressure decreases, the span is increasing.
Proper controller response depends on nozzle-to-flapper alignment.
When performing span adjustments, carefully loosen both calibration adjuster screws while holding the calibration adjuster in place. Then move the calibration adjuster slightly in the required direction by hand or using a screwdriver. Verify proper nozzle-to-flapper alignment and hold the calibration adjuster in place while tightening both adjustment screws.
9.If the output is not between 0.6 and 0.7 bar (8 and 10 psig), adjust the controller span by loosening the two adjusting screws (key 48) and moving the calibration adjuster (key 36) a small distance as indicated in figure 6.
10.Repeat steps 4 through 9 until no further adjustment is necessary.
11.Proceed to the startup procedure for proportional controllers.
Figure 6. Direct-Acting Controller Span Adjustment—Proportional-Only Controllers
IF OUTPUT IS:
BELOW
8 TO 10 PSIG
(0.6 TO 0.7 BAR)
MOVE ADJUSTER
LEFT
FLAPPER
NOTE:
3 TO 15 PSIG (0.2 TO 1.0 BAR) OUTPUT SHOWN. FOR 6 TO 30 PSIG (0.4 TO 2.0 BAR) OUTPUT, ADJUST VALUES AS APPROPRIATE.
A6154
ABOVE
8 TO 10 PSIG
(0.6 TO 0.7 BAR)
MOVE ADJUSTER
RIGHT
NOZZLE
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Instruction Manual |
C1 Controllers and Transmitters |
D103292X012 |
May 2014 |
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Startup: Proportional-Only Controllers (General Tuning Guidelines)
Calibrate the controller prior to this procedure.
1.Be sure that the supply pressure regulator is delivering the proper supply pressure to the controller.
2.Rotate the pressure setting knob to the desired set point.
3.Set the proportional band adjustment to 100 percent for fast processes (example: liquid pressure or liquid flow). For slow processes (example: temperature), calculate the percentage from the equation below:
For a slow process, determine the initial proportional band setting in percent from the following equation:
2 |
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AllowableÉOvershoot |
100% + P.B. |
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PressureÉSpan |
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For example: |
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2 |
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0.14Ébar |
100% ^ 13% |
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2.1Ébar |
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( |
2 |
2Épsig |
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100% ^ 13%) |
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30Épsig |
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1.3 proportional band setting
4. Proportional Action
Disturb the system by tapping the flapper lightly or change the set point a small amount and check for system cycling. If the system does not cycle then lower the proportional band (raising the gain) and disturb the system again. Continue this procedure until the system cycles. At that point, double the proportional band setting.
Note
Proportional band adjustment affects the set point. Proportional-only controllers will show some offset from set point depending upon proportional band setting and process demand. After adjusting the proportional band, re-zero by carefully rotating the nozzle (key 54) until the steady-state process pressure equals the pressure setting dial reading.
This tuning procedure may be too conservative for some systems. The recommended proportional band setting should be checked for stability by introducing a disturbance and monitoring the process.
Proportional-Plus-Reset Controllers
This section describes the adjustments and procedures for calibration and startup. The adjustment locations are shown in figure 7 unless otherwise specified. All adjustments must be made with the cover open. When the adjustments and calibration procedures are complete, close and latch the cover. To better understand the adjustments and overall operation of the controller, refer to the Principle of Operation section in this manual for proportional-plus-reset controllers. Refer also to the schematic diagram in figure 13.
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C1 Controllers and Transmitters |
Instruction Manual |
May 2014 |
D103292X012 |
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|
|
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Figure 7. Proportional-Plus-Reset Controller Adjustment Locations |
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GE28281-B E1060
RESET ADJUSTMENT KNOB
PRESSURE SETTING KNOB (KEY 58)
PRESSURE SETTING
DIAL (KEY 6)
CALIBRATION ADJUSTER (KEY 36) |
FLAPPER (KEY 40) |
PROPORTIONAL BAND |
ADJUSTER SCREWS (KEY 48) |
NOZZLE (KEY 54) |
ADJUSTMENT KNOB |
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Adjustments
Adjustment: Set Point
Adjust the pressure setting knob by turning the knob clockwise to increase the set point and counterclockwise to decrease the set point.
Rotate the knob until the indicator points to the desired set point pressure value. The pressure setting dial will reflect the desired set point if the controller is accurately calibrated.
Adjustment: Proportional Band
To adjust the proportional band, rotate the proportional band adjustment knob to the desired value.
The proportional band adjustment determines the amount of change in controlled pressure required to cause the control valve to stroke fully. It may be adjusted from 3 to 100 percent for 0.2 to 1.0 bar (3 to 15 psig) or 6 to 100 percent for 0.4 to 2.0 bar (6 to 30 psig) of the nominal sensing element pressure rating.
Adjustment: Reset
To adjust reset action turn the knob clockwise to decrease the minutes per repeat. Turn the knob counterclockwise to increase the minutes per repeat. Increasing the minutes per repeat provides a slower reset action.
The reset adjustment dial is calibrated in minutes per repeat. By definition, this is the time in minutes required for the reset action to produce an output change which is equal to the change produced by proportional control action. This is
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