Anritsu ML2438A Data Sheet

Power Meters

ML2400A Series

Power meters that give you more.

Graphics Display. Up to 100k samples

per second produces accurate profiles of
cellular, PCS, radar, aircraft control, and
telemetry signals. Pulse top power is easily
measured and averaged over single or
multiple pulses.

Softkeys. Menu driven operation

simplifies test procedures

High Reliability. Rugged, splash resistant

chassis design handles drop shocks and rough
field treatment. A front panel cover and
softcase are optional for further
environmental protection.

Peaking Meter. A dual bar

graph aids tuning procedures.

Trigger Key. Triggering controls apply high measurement speed

precisely when it’s needed. Perform on-pulse measurements over
more than 80 dB dynamic range.

Accuracy. Excellent return loss sensor design

reduces typical mismatch uncertainty by half ­improving accuracy and repeatability. Less
SWR ripple in measurement data improves
production yield and quality control.

Sensor EEPROM. All MA2400A/B Series sensors

have built-in EEPROMs with factory Calibration
Factor data. Six User Calibration Factor Tables
allow extra frequency points or compensation
for couplers and power attenuators.

2

A

NRITSU

P

OWER

M

ETERS

G

IVE

Y

OU

M

ORE

Min/Max. Monitor total

power excursion in either
readout or graphical profiling
mode displays.

ncrease settling speed

90 dB Sensor Range.

One MA2472A Power
Sensor replaces two
traditional 50 dB sensors
and eliminates the need
for switching and settling
software in ATE systems.

Voltage. Fast voltage measurements

monitor bias conditions.

3

Voltage Input.

The analog input measures
voltage or accepts the
V/GHz signal from a
synthesizer for automated
sensor calibration factor
correction.

TTL Trigger.

Precisely control peak power
measurements and the
start/stop timing of burst
measurements.

Analog Outputs.

Dual analog outputs support corrected and scaled
measurements or realtime dual channel output.
Synthesizer interface controls include zero blanking.

Options 6 - 10.

Sensor and calibrator
connectors (not shown
in photo)can be located
on the rear panel.

Printer.

Document signal
performance
quickly with the
standard parallel
printer output.

High Speed GPIB.

Accelerate ATE
throughput with
special “Fast mode”

Optional NiMH Battery

Provides 6 hours continuous
operation.

ACCURACY, SPEED, FLEXIBILITY, ML2400A SERIES HAS IT ALL

ML2407/08A for N-CDMA
and Narrow Pulse
Power Measurements

ML2407A is the ideal
solution for accurate
measurements of IS-95
signals, giving average, peak
and crest readings

Pulses down to 1 µs can be
captured and displayed in
graphical mode thanks to the

0.6 µs rise time of the
MA2469A sensor. Test
amplifiers response to
narrow input pulses.

4

C

OMPREHENSIVE

R

ANGE

OFP

OWERSENSORS

Anritsu’s thermal sensors provide
excellent power measurement accuracy
over 50dB of dynamic range with more
speed than any other thermal sensor
available. Thermal sensors use
Seebeck elements where the combined
effect of a thermal gradient and charge
migration between dissimilar metals
gives a true reading of average power
on any incident waveform. Anritsu
thermal sensors have class leading
SWR and built in EEPROM with
calibration factor and linearity correction
data. This results in assured accuracy
when measuring any signal. Anritsu’s
fast thermal power sensors improve
sensor rise time and fall time to less
than 4.0ms– an order of magnitude

The Anritsu MA2440A series high
accuracy diode sensors have a built in
3 dB attenuator to minimize input SWR.
They are used where the best
measurement accuracy is required over

High Accuracy Diode Sensors

Standard Diode Sensors

Diode sensors have greater speed,
sensitivity and dynamic range than
thermal sensors. All Anritsu diode
sensors use a dual diode architecture
that gives improved sensitivity and
dynamic range over single diode
architectures. The MA2470A Series
Power Sensors 90 dB dynamic range is
both fast and accurate. Linearity is
better than 1.8%, typically < 1.0%
through 18 GHz. The ML2400A Series
Power Meters allow test engineers to
adjust low-level averaging controls for

Sensor EEPROM

All MA2400A/B Series Power Sensors through 50GHz
store calibration data and model information within
internal EEPROMS. The ATE system can automatically
monitor system configuration - ensuring accurate,
calibrated measurements.

Most ATE systems use multiple power sensors. When
those sensors lack EEPROMs, the ATE system requires
elaborate data entry screens and database management
to store the sensor cal factor data. Further, operators
must be trained to look for the annual calibration report -

rather than the potentially dated table on the
sensor housing - before entering the data.

ATE designers no longer need to track
sensor serial numbers and cal factor data

programmatically in the system
control software. The

MA2400A/B Series’ internal

EEPROM has several benefits.
Operator intervention is reduced.
Significant ATE programming is
eliminated. Accuracy and
verifiable calibration
configuration are assured.

Using the rear panel V/GHz input automates
sensor calibration factor correction. The adjustable
scale is compatible with most commercial synthesizers.
Automatic calibration factor correction simplifies procedures
and minimizes the opportunity for operator errors.

High Power Applications

Traditional high power sensors are expensive and have
degraded accuracy specifications. Further, annual
calibrations require more time and expense. Anritsu’s
new User Calibration Factor Tables avoid these
problems. Any attenuator or coupler can be
compensated by entering frequency and attenuation
values into the MA2400A/B Series Power Sensors

internal EEPROM. Six tables can be stored. The
attenuation device can be semi-permanently attached;
the power meter automatically applies compensation
during the 0.0dBm, 50MHz calibration reference
process. The User Calibration Factor Tables are easily
deactivated - allowing the power sensor to be used
stand-alone also.

faster than previous thermal sensors.
Settled power measurements are now
10 times faster, that means reduced
test time.

optimization of GPIB speed, sensor
settling, and noise reduction –
allowing the industry’s fastest -70 dBm
settling time.

MA2470A power sensors offer an ideal
combination of speed and dynamic
range for general purpose power
measurements. A single sensor
replaces the two sensors that were
previously required with sensors limited
to 50dB dynamic range.

Fast Thermal Sensors

5

The new MA2480A series Universal
Power Sensors will measure any
modulated or multi-tone signal thanks
to a patented sensor architecture with
three diode pairs. Universal power
sensors deliver over 80 dB of dynamic
range with speed and accuracy.
Average power measurements on
WCDMA signals can now be made
without the need for special power
meters. Universal sensors are also
ideal for power measurements on
other digitally modulated carriers such

Universal Power Sensors

The MA2460A fast diode sensors from
Anritsu have a rise time of 0.6µs. This
together with a sensor video bandwidth
of 1.25MHz makes them the ideal
solution for power measurements on N­CDMA (IS-95) signals. The MA2460
sensors must be used with the
ML2407/08A power meter. This
combination of meter and sensor
provides fast signal processing and
sampling speeds. Average power,

Fast Diode Sensors

as HDTV, DAB or QAM modulated
radio links.

The sensor architecture ensures that
one of the diode pairs is always
operating in its square law region.
The meter selects the diode pair
operating in its square law region and
is designed so that even the peaks of
CDMA signals are measured
accurately. Anritsu’s three stage
diode pair approach leads to a very
much faster measurement time than
the two stage approach used in
previous generations of average
power sensors. No slowing of
measurement speed is observed at
the switching points, making them
transparent to the user.

Universal power sensors are also ideal
for applications where multiple signals
are present, such as intermodulation
measurements and satellite multi
carrier power loading measurements.

A unique additional capability of the
Anritsu Universal power sensor is the
ability to use it as a standard diode
sensor for CW measurements. In this
mode the fast response of diode
sensors is maintained across the full
dynamic range of the sensor, meaning
that for the majority of users it is the
only sensor that they will ever need –
a truly Universal Power Sensor.

a large dynamic range, for example
when measuring amplifiers. High
accuracy diode sensors have a
dynamic range of 87 dB compared to
the 90 dB of standard diode sensors.

peak power and crest factor on N­CDMA signals can be measured and
displayed. The MA2460 sensors are
dual diode sensors and delivers over
80 dB of dynamic range, making them
suitable for both open and closed loop
power control testing. The sensors
internal AC detection circuitry gives a
guaranteed noise floor of –60 dBm with
typical performance to –70dBm, even
when measuring CDMA signals.

Pulses down to 1µs can also be
captured and displayed thanks to the
sensor rise time of 0.6µs. In profile
mode the ML2407A meter can be used
to measure average power across
narrow pulses, an increasingly common
test method for amplifiers in digitally
modulated systems.

MA242XA Series
Thermal Sensors

Traditional
Thermal Sensor

1000

100

10

1

0.1

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

Rdgs/sec

Pin

MA2470A, Sampling Rate
MA2470A, Reading Rate

MA2470A, GPIB Continuous
Auto-Averaged Readings

Traditional
Diode Sensor

Traditional
Thermal Sensor

100000

10000

1000

100

10

1

0.1

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

Rdgs/sec

Pin

MA2470A Series Power Sensors.

90 dB dynamic range is combined with high speed.
Rise time is < 4 µsec. Fall time is < 10 µsec, typical.

MA2420A/B Thermal Sensors.

Rise and fall times of less than 4 ms improve both settling
time and measurement rate by more than two orders of
magnitude over most of the useful dynamic range.

INPUT

DET B -ve

DET B +ve

DET A -ve

DET A +ve

6dB

Power

Divider

Detector

‘C’

11dB

Pad

6dB
Power
Divider

Detector

‘B’

17dB

Pad

Detector

‘A’

DET C -ve

DET C +ve

RF

Anritsu’s MA2480A series Universal Power Sensors use a unique architecture with three cascaded diode pairs,
dividers and attenuators. One of the diode pairs is within its square law region, ensuring true average power
measurements of any input signal.

Power meters are an essential
instrument for the precise
characterization of amplifier output
power and gain. The Anritsu ML2438A
is a true dual channel meter, two

independent signal channels eliminate
multiplexing. Gain and output power
are measured simultaneously. Fast
responding thermal or diode sensors
respond immediately to changes in
power level to reduce total test time.

The combination of 90dB dynamic
range sensors, fast settling time and
versatile display settings make the
ML2438A ideal for amplifier
measurements. When an attenuator is
required in front of the sensor, power
offset tables can be entered into the
sensors EEPROM. These tables apply
frequency dependant offsets to the
measured value, ensuring the best
measurement accuracy at all times.
When measuring the gain compression

The Anritsu ML2400A series of power
meters has been designed to offer the
best combination of speed, accuracy
and flexibility in a low cost package.

From its Preset condition the ML2400A
series delivers accurate power
measurements with a minimum of key
strokes. Integral sensor EEPROM’s
store linearity and calibration factor
data. This simplifies measurement set
up and reduces human error. Basic
power measurements can be made
with just two operations; a sensor zero
and entry of measurement frequency.
Frequent recalibrations are eliminated
as calibration data is memorized even
after a power down cycle.

The Channel key gives immediate
access to the instrument configuration
for selection of one or two display
channels, with different units or
resolution for each. An analog bar
graph simplifies manual tuning and
peaking of power levels. Audible and
visual alarms alert the user to failed
measurements when testing against
upper and lower limits. The Max/Min
hold display feature is perfect for long
term drift measurements or for quickly
establishing the highest and lowest
powers available from a test device.

Anritsu diode sensors deliver stable
and repeatable measurements down
to –70dBm, thanks to advanced
signal processing with automated low
level averaging and a very low meter
noise floor.

6

D

ESIGNEDFOR

Y

OUR

A

PPLICATION

Flexibility and Convenience for
standard power measurements

True dual channel display shows amplifier output power and gain simultaneously

Amplifier Gain Measurements

A unique feature of the ML2400A series
is the ability to display pulsed power
signals on a graphical display. Now it is
easy to capture and display pulsed
power or TDMA signals quickly and
easily. In Profile mode the power meter
has TTL or edge based trigger
functions so that pulses can be
captured and displayed in real time.
Trigger delay and user settable data

Pulse profiling

Power vs Time mode provides a strip
chart display of RF power variation.

Monitor a test device for gain and
output power variation over time
against; temperature, supply voltage or
a component tolerance. Trouble shoot
timing glitches or other intermittent
power behaviour such as power control
in a mobile telephone. Tune circuits for
peak performance.

In power vs time mode the graphical
display can represent the trace as
average, maximum, minimum or both
max and min. A time window of 1
minute to 24 hours can be set.

Power vs Time

Anritsu ML2438A

90 dB Sensors

UUT

V/GHz

P

O

50 dB Sensors

UUT

P

O

A A A

A

Switch

Switch

Thermal

Thermal

Diode

Diode

90 dB power sensors simplify test hardware and software. Accuracy is improved because mismatch uncertainty and
insertion losses in the switches are eliminated. The dual channel ML2438A speeds execution time by eliminating test system
software for multiple meter addresses, cal factor correction, switch control, gain ranging, and meter settling.

of an amplifier across a range of
frequencies, the V/GHz input updates
the calibration factor as the source
frequency is changed. This reduces set
up time during manual testing and
eliminates the chance of errors.

capture timing provide graphical
displays from 5µs to 999ms. Measure
pulses, detect and avoid switching
glitches, view the flatness of a pulse top
– it is all possible with the ML2400A
series profile mode.

For todays TDMA mobile
communications systems such as
GSM, PHS, PCS-1900, DCS-1800,
DECT and IS-136 the ML2430A can
capture and display individual time
slots. Using frame triggering it is now
possible to measure the average power
across a time slot with greater accuracy

The Anritsu ML2400A series of power
meters are designed to function with
Anritsu 69A and 68B synthesized
sweep generators to form an
integrated test solution for swept
power and frequency measurements.
Finally, "real-time" tuning speed AND
traceable power accuracy are
available in a low cost instrument.
Easily tune converters, mixers, and
transceivers with power meter
accuracy. Testing devices with
differing input and output frequency is
particularly convenient because
power sensors are broadband
devices. Total power is measured
regardless of the device’s output
frequency. By comparison, receiver
based instruments require special
calibrations and test set-ups.

production managers and operate with
standard power meters.

CDMA systems can have spectral
bandwidths of many megahertz.
Standard diode sensors are not
suitable for measurements on these
systems as they give incorrect power
measurements when used in their
linear region (powers >-25dBm).
Thermal sensors can be used as an
alternative, but are too slow and limited
in dynamic range for the demands of a
production environment.

7

Frequency Sweep and
Power Sweep

Modulated & Multi-tone signals

Source Sweep Graphic Display. Acquire power sweep or frequency sweep data at speeds greater than

fifteen sweeps per second (GPIB to PC screen update rate). The meter automatically generates sweep
synchronization with Anritsu 68000B or 69000A series Synthesized Sweep Generators.

Examine GSM or other TDMA standards slot power. Advanced triggering modes allow frame triggering. Variable
gate widths and trigger delay enable precise average power measurements in any single slot.

Anritsu’s new Universal power sensor
has been specifically designed for the
demands of wide bandwidth systems.
Universal sensors have no bandwidth
restrictions and do not rely on
calculated power from sampled
waveforms. Universal power sensors
deliver 80dB dynamic range with all the
speed and accuracy demanded by

than ever before, with better accuracy
and traceability than is achievable with
integrated radio test sets. A marker
table displays average power between
markers or absolute power at a marker
position for simplified slot analysis.

Custom Mode gives a large numeric
readout of the power in a pulse within a
precisely defined capture window. The
window is defined by positioning
markers in the graphical display or
direct entry of the pulses time data.

8

O

PTIMIZETEST

S

YSTEMPERFORMANCE

Lower calibration costs. Higher system throughput. Less programming time. Lower purchase price.

VXI and MMS Systems

The ML2400A Series power meters are faster than any VXI or MMS power
meter. A single sensor accomplishes more types of measurements over
more dynamic range than any offered for card based instrumentation. A
single, inexpensive sensor handles peak and CW measurements over a 90
dB range. Thus, the system needs less switch control code, fewer sensors,
and the whole system operates faster. Physically, the ML2400A Series
occupies less space.

Triggering controls with wide internal trigger ranges eliminate the need for
programmatic wait statements for switch and source transient settling times.

The power meter chassis is already RF shielded. That opens another slot in
the EMI rack for other microwave equipment. The power sensor connectors
are already on the front panel (or rear panel) where they’re needed, so
there’s no need for special bulkhead adapters and extra cables.

Further, the ML2400A Series’ built-in display helps trouble-shoot problems
quickly. There’s no need to press fifteen buttons just to see the power level
on ‘Uplink # 4.’ The pulse profiling and synthesizer compatibility is built-in ­avoiding special software.

The power sensor’s internal EEPROM allows programmatic activation of
User Calibration Factor Tables. This allows a single, standard power sensor
to perform high power measurements with attenuators or couplers; no
“special” sensors are required.

The obvious benefit of a fast power meter
is improved test system throughput.

Less obvious are development costs
and carrying costs. For example, many
power meters claim high speed, but how
many offer the advanced trigger controls
to make that speed useful? Similarly, a
meter lacking sensitivity requires
excessive averaging at low power levels.

When an existing test system can’t be reprogrammed, the
ML2400A Series Power Meters emulate older single or dual
channel meters. Throughput improvement depends upon
the number of power measurements and the minimal use
of wait statements within the older code. Typically, test
execution speed is two to ten times faster.

FUNCTION MATH

<>

>

>

DC V AC V

CHOICES

LEVEL

LOCAL

ENTER

Power

Off
On

DC 1

AC 1

On / Off

Off
On

LINE
STBY

ON

FUNCTION DATA ENTRY POWER REF

SENSOR

1.00mW 50MHz
DO NOT EX­CEED SENSOR
MAX PWR

SPECIALCAL ON/OFF

ON/OFF

ON/OFF

RESOLN CAL PAC AUTO REG

STORE

SENSOR

RECALL

PWR REF EXIT

SHIFT ZERO OFFSET

DUTY
CYCLE

dBm/W FREQ REL

SET
RANGE

ENTER

PRESET

LOCAL

ZERO
CAL FREQ REL

MENU

ESCAPE

dB/mWRECALL

LOCAL

E
N
T
E
R

CALIBRATOR

A

B

GPIB

CW
MOD AVG
PEAK
PULSE AVG
BURST AVG
OFFSET
FREQ CORR
AVG
CW
MODAVG
PEAK
PULSE AVG
BURST AVG
OFFSET
FREQ CORR
AVG
REMOTE
SRQ
TALK
LISTEN

POWER
I
O

M
O
D
E

M
O
D
E

The ML2400A Series Power Meters combine the advantages
of speed, accuracy, sensitivity, graphics display, voltage
measurement and portability into a single power meter.

The MA2470A Series and MA2440A
Series power sensors reduce
maintenance and calibration costs. For
a test system with only 50 dB range
power sensors, twice the number of
power sensors and four times the
meters must be maintained. Switches
and cables must be calibrated and their
frequency responses logged into the
test system software. Additional
sensor inventory keeps the test
system operating during calibration or
repair intervals. Thus, costs are much
lower with 90 dB range power sensors.

Anritsu Power Meters replace several
types of specialty meters. Many
companies use one type of meter for
high speed, another for portability,
another for low purchase price, and
another for thermal sensor
compatibility. Standardizing on a single
power meter reduces capital and
maintenance expense.

Switches

Sensors

Sensors

Meters

Meters

100%

75%

50%

25%

0%

90 dB

Sensors

50 dB

Sensors

Purchase Price

50 GHz Gain Measurement System

With 90 dB Dynamic Range

The ML2430A’s 90 dB range sensors reduce purchase costs
and annual calibration expenses.

9

P

ORTABLE

A

ND

R

UGGEDFOR

F

IELD

U

SE

Toughened case. Battery operation. Remote Monitoring... Ideal for use in any location.

The ML2400A Series’ brings accuracy and
convenience to field service applications.

For remote trouble-shooting, the full
duplex RS-232 remote control
automatically calls a pre-entered phone
number whenever a limits threshold is
exceeded. Just set the limit level, enter
the phone number and connect a
modem. The ML2400A Series
continuously monitors power conditions
and calls the host controller when a
violation is detected.

The meter’s data acquisition settings can
adjust to monitor average power or the
burst power of specific timeslots. The RS­232 port uses the same commands as the
GPIB. Contact your Anritsu representative
for PC compatible software.

The optional NiMH battery with “Smart” technology
provides 6 hours of continuous operation, accurate fuel
gauging, and < 2 hour fast charge cycling. The accessory
softcase protects the power meter and accessories from
shocks and the weather.

All MA2400A/B power sensors have
automated calibration factor correction
and internal temperature compensation
simplifies field procedures. Operators
can focus on solving problems, rather
than following lengthy test procedures.

Measurement procedures are further
simplified through standardization. As
the only power meter to combine fast
sensors for profile displays and thermal
sensors in one measuring system,
service organizations can standardize
on a single power meter.

Softkey menus simplify instrument
control by making the user interface
easier to understand. Status and

selection of meter settings are
displayed on the menu as they are
entered: hidden selections and special
function keys are avoided. A convenient
number entry pad avoids the procedural
description problems associated with
arrow keys used for numerical entries.

Anritsu Power Meters are designed for
tough field handling and rugged
conditions. The shock resistant
polycarbonate case is thoroughly
tested. Internal mountings for the
battery and circuit boards are
reinforced to survive ground impact.
An optional front panel cover and
softcase are recommended for further
environmental protection.

Performance For Pulses

Individual time slots of GSM, DCS-1800,
DECT, IS-136, PCS-1900 and PHS
signals can be displayed and measured
per the standards’ specifications.

Since measurements are performed
with the same type of meter used by
the equipment manufacturer, service
personnel can easily correlate field
installation and maintenance data to the
manufacturer’s production tests.
Problem conditions are easily identified.

Simplify Test Procedures

Remote Monitoring By
Telephone

PC

Modem

Card

Public Switched

Telephone Network

Modem
RS-232

ML2438A

Cell Site

10

Power measurement accuracy is a
straight forward concept. It has several
component parts. Some can be
substantially reduced through judicious
measurement practice. In the table
below, a classic example of
measurement accuracy is detailed for
each MA2400A/B Series power sensor

type. A 16 GHz, 12.0 dBm signal is
presumed at a source SWR of 1.5:1.0.

Instrumentation accuracy is the
accuracy of the meter. The specification
is 0.5% – a very small component of
overall measurement accuracy. The
error sources which comprise
instrumentation accuracy are largely
related to linear voltage measurement.

Sensor linearity and temperature
linearity describe the relative power

level response over the
sensor’s dynamic range.
When measuring a power
level at other than the power
level of the absolute
reference, which is typically
the meter’s 0.0 dBm reference
‘calibrator’, sensor linearity is included

in measurement
accuracy.
Temperature
linearity is included
when operating the
sensor at other than
room temperatures.
The best way to
reduce this error is
to first choose
power sensors with
clearly specified
linearity
performance.

Noise, Zero Set and Zero Drift impact
measurement accuracy at the bottom
of a power sensor’s dynamic range.
Different power sensors have different
noise characteristics. Noise can be
reduced through additional averaging
or longer sample integration times.
Additionally, low level averaging can be
applied to optimize tradeoffs between
dynamic settling, raw noise power
deviation, and measuring speed.

Mismatch uncertainty is typically the
largest component of measurement
uncertainty. The error is caused by the
differing impedances between the
power sensor and the device to which
the power sensor is connected.The
most convenient method of reducing
mismatch uncertainty is to choose
power sensors with high return loss;
that is, the power sensor’s SWR is very
close to 1.0. Further improvement
results from performing actual
measurements of the sensor’s return
loss with a well calibrated vector
network analyzer or other precision
return loss measurement technique.
Broadband microwave devices like the
MA2400A/B Series sensors are
assembled in a manner that typically
achieves significantly better SWR
performance at some frequencies than
the performance specifications indicate.

There are three common techniques of
reducing source SWR. If the source’s
S22characteristics can be determined,
the mismatch loss can be calculated
and the appropriate correction added to

A

CCURACY

Sensor Model Series

Instrumentation Accuracy
Sensor Linearity
Noise, 256 Avg.
Zero Set and Drift
Mismatch Uncertainty
Sensor Cal Factor Uncertainty
Reference Power Uncertainty
Reference to Sensor Mismatch Uncertainy
Temperature Linearity, ± 20 C
RSS, Room Temp
Sum of Uncertainties, Room Temp
RSS
Sum of Uncertainties

MA2420A/B

0.50%

1.30%

0.00%

0.00%

3.67%

0.83%

1.20%

0.23%

1.00%

4.19%

7.73%

4.31%

8.73%

MA2440A

0.50%

1.80%

0.00%

0.00%

3.84%

0.79%

1.20%

0.23%

1.00%

4.51%

8.36%

4.62%

9.36%

MA2470A

0.50%

1.80%

0.00%

0.00%

4.49%

0.84%

1.20%

0.23%

1.00%

5.09%

9.06%

5.18%

10.06%

o

50.00

45.00

40.00

35.00

30.00

25.00

20.00

15.00

10.00

5.00

0.00

-70 -64 -58 -52 -46 -40 -34 -28 -22 -16 -10 -4 2 8 14 20

Typical 90 dB Sensor Accuracy

ML2470A Series Sensor Accuracy

% Uncertainty, RSS

Power, dBm

Typical Measurement Uncertainty for 90 dB Power Sensors

The MA2470A Series Power Sensors’ excellent return loss and
low noise performance provide industry leading
measurement accuracy. Chart shows typical 1.0 to 40 GHz
performance excluding error sources for temperature, human
error, and test setup frequency response. MA2440A Series High
Accuracy Power Sensors further improve accuracy.

Mismatch is easily calculated in either dB or percentage terms
from the source’s and sensor’s respective reflection coefficients.

The dual channel ML2438A provides realtime source
leveling through a rear panel analog output and
simultaneously measures RF power with the other sensor.

V/GHz to Meter

P

O

Reflection Coefficient = Γ

% Mismatch Uncertainty = 100 [( 1 ± Γ Γ ) -1 ]

dB Mismatch Uncertainty = 20 log ( 1 ± Γ Γ )

1

Reflection Coefficient = Γ

Ch 1: Analog Out

Power Sensor

2

2

1

2

1

ML2438A

2

Leveling
In

To Other Analyzers

Amplifier

UUT

Filter

Optional

Attenuator

Limiter

11

the power measurement. Alternately, a

3.0 dB precision attenuator with high
return loss can be attached to the
source to improve the effective source
impedance. Finally, effective source
match can be improved with external
power leveling.

Sensor calibration factor uncertainty
identifies the accuracy of the sensor’s
calibration relative to a recognized
standard for absolute power level.
Sensor calibration factor uncertainty is

included i n accuracy calculations for any
absolute power measurement (in dBm or
Watts) and for relative power
measurements if the signals are
different frequencies.

Reference power uncertainty specifies
the maximum possible output drift of the
power meter’s 50MHz, 0.0 dBm power
reference between calibration intervals.
The output is traditionally labeled
‘calibrator’ on a power meter’s front
panel. Reference accuracy can be
improved by using a more accurate or a
more recently calibrated reference.

Relative power measurements (in dBr
or %) can sometimes neglect several
sources of error. Reference power
uncertainty and sensor to reference
mismatch uncertainty do not generally
impact relative power measurements. If
the measurements are performed at a
single frequency, sensor calibration
factor uncertainty is negligble. If the
source or other device to which the
power sensor is connected does not
change its reflection characteristics in
either magnitude or phase, then
mismatch uncertainty can also be
neglected under most conditions.

NIST, National Institute of Standards and Technology

Anritsu, Microwave Measurements Division Standards Labs

Anritsu Service Factory Customer Cal Lab

Power Meter End User

ML2430A Series measurements are NIST traceable.

In typical power measurements, the
test setup and measurement practices
often create larger measurement
uncertainties. These errors include
exceeding the sensors maximum
specified power range, offset errors,
poor connector practice, excessive
source harmonics and incorrect
calibration factor usage.

Offset errors occur because traditional
power meters allowed only a fixed
value power offset for test setup
equipment. The frequency response
characteristics from connectors, cables,
adapters or attenuators, are assumed
to be a single value. For example a ‘10
dB attenuator’ may only be 9.75 dB
over some of the frequency range. The

0.25 dB error is approximately 6%,
slightly larger than the total accuracy
from other error components.

The ML2400A Series Power Meters
avoid offset errors by incorporating up
to five 200 point offset tables of dB
values versus frequency. As frequency
information is entered for sensor
calibration factor correction, the correct
offset level is also interpolated and
applied. Compensating for the true
frequency response of attenuators,
couplers, cables, switches and other
test setup devices improves
measurement accuracy. When a power
sensor connection is preceded with a
1N Series wideband power limiter, the
offset table compensates for frequency
response – achieving an accurate,
“burnout-proof” sensor.

Connector damage has significant
accuracy and repeatability effects. It is
the most common cause of sensor
damage, but is frequently undetected.
Every MA2400A/B Series sensor
includes a hex nut connection for
application of a calibrated torque
wrench. Historical common practice
insists that “Finger tight is right.” For
experienced operators, this may be
acceptable. However, an RF connector
is like any other precision tool; it has
specifications. Particularly in production
areas, quality practice dictates that no
piece of measurement equipment be
used outside of it’s tolerances. Torque
wrenches assure compliance with that
quality requirement and results in more
consistent measurements.

ML2438A

Frequency Response

Stored to Table

Power Sensor

Attenuators, Couplers,

Cable, Limiters, Switches

dB

Frequency

Hex-nut connectors allow use of a calibrated connector
torque wrench, assuring the connector is tightened to it’s
proper tolerances.

All microwave devices have a frequency response. The
ML2400A Series’ internal offset table automatically corrects
for variation in test setup insertion loss versus frequency.
The power sensor’s User Calibration Factor Tables
accomplish the same function, except the data is stored
within the sensor EEPROM rather than the meter.

12

A

CCESSORIES

Reduce annual calibration expense with Anritsu’s precision range calibrators. The ML2419A Range Calibrator verifies the
ML2400A Series Power Meter’s measurement channels. The meter’s 50 MHz oscillator level is verified by comparison method.
When the calibrator is connected, user operation prompts appear on the meter’s screen. A verification report is printed
using the meter’s parallel printer port.

The DeskJet printer benefits from the print facility of the
ML2400A series power meter to give immediate hard copy
records of instrument settings, measurement conditions
and results. Graphical displays are also output when the
meter is in profile mode.

When power sensors must be located a long distance from
the power meter, the MA2418A Reference Oscillator
provides a remote, traceable 0dBm power reference.
MA2418A is DC powered from a 16 to 24 volt jack plug.

When power sensor cables must pass through walls or shielded enclosures, the ML2400A-29 Bulkhead Adapter provides a
convenient connection between two sensor cables. When connection to a 50MHz, 0dBm reference is required, the MA2418A
Reference Oscillator provides a convenient solution.

MA2400A/B

Power Sensor

Wall

ML2400A-29

Bulkhead

Adapter

ML2438A

ML2419A Range Calibrator

50MHz Reference Oscillator

Sensor adapters protect your existing investment in power
sensors. The MA2497A HP sensor adapter enables
connection to HP 8480 series power sensors. MA2499B is
for connection to the previous range of Anritsu 4700A and
4600A power sensors. Both sensor adapters have in-built
EEPROMS so that calibration factor tables can be stored
and recalled from the ML2430A power meter.

For field use the optional battery gives freedom of
operation without access to a power supply. The battery
can be charged in the instrument or with the accessory
desk top charger. The accessory soft carry case has pockets
for all common accessories, making it an ideal carry bag
for field use.

The front panel cover protects the power meter display
and connectors from knocks during transit. A bail arm
is available for ease of carrying and angling the meter on
a workbench.

Bulkhead Adapter

Soft Carry Case and Internal Battery

Bail Arm and Protective Front Cover

Printer

Anritsu and HP Sensor Adapters

13

Precision Coaxial Adapters

Model Frequency Range Connectors
510-90 DC - 3.3 GHz N male to 7/16 DIN female

510-91 DC - 3.3 GHz N female to 7/16 DIN female
510-92 DC - 3.3 GHz N male to 7/16 DIN male
510-93 DC - 3.3 GHz N female to 7/16 DIN male
K220B DC - 40 GHz K male to K male
K222B DC - 40 GHz K female to K female
K224B DC - 40 GHz K male to K female

Coaxial Adapters

Model Frequency Range Connectors
1091-26 DC to 18 GHz N male to SMA male

1091-27 DC to 18 GHz N male to SMA female
1091-80 DC to 18 GHz N female to SMA male
1091-81 DC to 18 GHz N female to SMA female

Model Frequency Range Rating Connectors
1N50C 0.01 - 18 GHz 5W, 50 ohm N male to N female

1K50A 0.01 - 20 GHz 5W, 50 ohm K male to K female
1K50B 0.01 - 26 GHz 3W, 50 ohm K male to K female

Coaxial RF Limiters

Wideband limiters protect power sensors from damage due to excessive RF
power. The limiters have low insertion loss to preserve the power sensor’s
sensitivity. High quality return loss minimizes mismatch uncertainty
degradation and ensures a flatter insertion loss versus frequency
characteristic. The insertion loss response should be loaded into the
MA2400A/B power sensor’s User Calibration Factor Table; however, it is
important to note that the limiters large signal response, beginning at about
+ 10 dBm, is different from the limiter’s small signal frequency response.

Power Attenuators

Model Frequency Rating Connectors

Range

42N50-20 dc - 18 GHz 20 dB, 5W, 50 ohm N male to N female
42N50-30 dc - 18 GHz 30 dB, 50W, 50 ohm N male to N female
42KC-20 dc - 40 GHz 20 dB, 5W, 50 ohm K male to K female

RF Bridges and Open/Shorts

Model Description Frequency Range Connectors
60N50-1 RF Bridge, 46 dB 0.005 - 2.0 GHz N male

60NF50-1 RF Bridge, 46 dB 0.005 - 2.0 GHz N female
87A50-1 RF Bridge, 38 dB 2.0 - 18 GHz GPC-7
22A50 Open/Short DC - 18 GHz GPC-7
22N50 Open/Short DC - 18 GHz N male
22NF50 Open/Short DC - 18 GHz N female

Precision Loads

Model Frequency Range Connectors
28N50-2 DC - 18 GHz N male

28NF50-2 DC - 18 GHz N female
28A50-1 DC - 18 GHz GPC-7
28K50 DC - 40 GHz K male
28KF50 DC - 40 GHz K female
28V50B DC - 67 GHz V male
28VF50B DC - 67 GHz V female

Inexpensive RF limiters protect
sensors against damage from
excessive input power.

Precision Attenuators

Model Frequency Rating Connectors

Range

41KC-3 dc - 40 GHz 3 dB, 2W, 50 ohm K male to K female
41KC-6 dc - 40 GHz 6 dB, 2W, 50 ohm K male to K female
41KC-10 dc - 40 GHz 10 dB, 2W, 50 ohm K male to K female
41KC-20 dc - 40 GHz 20 dB, 2W, 50 ohm K male to K female
41V-3 dc - 60 GHz 3 dB, 2W, 50 ohm V male to V female
41V-6 dc - 60 GHz 6 dB, 2W, 50 ohm V male to V female
41V-10 dc - 60 GHz 10 dB, 2W, 50 ohm V male to V female
41V-20 dc - 60 GHz 20 dB, 2W, 50 ohm V male to V female

Power Dividers

Model Frequency Range Connectors
1091-29 DC - 18 GHz N male - N female/N female

K240B DC - 26.5 GHz K female - K female/K female
K240C DC - 40 GHz K female - K female/K female
V240C DC - 60 GHz V female - V female/V female

Power Splitters

Model Frequency Range Connectors
1091-28 DC - 18 GHz N female - N female/N female

K241B DC - 26.5 GHz K male - K female/K female
K241C DC - 40 GHz K male - K female/K female
V241C DC - 60 GHz V male - V female/V female

ML2400A-33 Desk-Jet Printer, Portable
2000-661 Black Print Cartridge
2000-662 Rechargeable Battery for Desk-Jet Printer
2000-663 Power Cable (Europe) for Desk-Jet Printer
2000-664 Power Cable (Australia) for Desk-Jet Printer
2000-665 Power Cable (U.K.) for Desk-Jet Printer
2000-667 Power Cable (So. Africa) for Desk-Jet Printer

Printers

Precision Waveguide to Coaxial Adapters

Contact your local Anritsu sales office for details of our range of precision
waveguide to coaxial adapters.

Calibrated Torque Wrenches

Model Description
01-201 Calibrated torque wrench for K and V connectors

01-204 Calibrated torque wrench for N connector

14

Frequency Range:

100 kHz to 50 GHz (Sensor dependant)

Power Sensors:

Meter specifications apply to MA2400A/B Series
Power Sensors. Compatible with MA and MP
Series sensors.

Sensor Dynamic Range:

MA2420A/B Series Thermal Sensors:
50 dB

MA2440A Series High Accuracy Power Sensors:
87 dB CW, > 57 dB Peak

MA2460A/B Series Fast Diode Sensors:
80 dB

MA2470A Series Power Sensors:
90 dB CW, > 60 dB Peak

MA2480A Series Universal Sensors:
80 dB

Power Measurement Range:

-70 to +47 dBm (0.1nW to 50W), sensor/attenuator
dependent. Use couplers for higher power levels.

Voltage Measurement Range:

0.00 to 20.00 V, nominal

Display Range:

-99.999 to +99.999 dB

Display Resolution:

Selectable from 0.1dB to 0.001dB limited to 0.01 dB
in graphical display modes; Linear power units, 3 to
6 digit, 1 - 3 digits selectable to right of decimal nW

- W; Voltage, 1 - 2 digits selectable to right of decimal.

Offset Range:

-99.99 to +99.99 dB. Fixed value or frequency
dependent table.

Display Units:

dBm, dB, dBr, dBmV, dBuV, W, %, Volts,

Instrumentation Accuracy:

< 0.5 %

Zero Set and Drift:

ML2437/8A < 0.5 % Percent of full scale in most
sensitive range, measured over one hour with
maximum averaging after one hour warm up at
constant temperature.

ML2407/8A < 1.8 % Percent of full scale in most
sensitive range, measured over one hour with
maximum averaging after one hour warm up at
constant temperature.

Noise:

ML2437/8A < 0.5 % Percent of full scale in most
sensitive range,

ML2407/8A < 1.8 % Percent of full scale in most
sensitive range, both measured over a one minute
interval with maximum averaging, two standard
deviations at constant temperature after one hour
warm up, typical. MA2470A Series, 20 pW typical.

1.00 MW POWER REFERENCE
Frequency:

50MHz nominal

Output Level:

1.00 mW, ±1.2%/Year, ± 0.9% RSS,
NIST Traceable

Maximum Input:

+ 20 dBm continuous or peak, ± 50 V dc

VSWR:

< 1.04

Connector:

Type N female

SENSOR / CHANNEL CONTROL
Operating modes:

Readout, dual channel. RF power or voltage.
Power Versus Time: single channel graphic of

readout data
Profile: single channel RF peak power graphic display

for analysis of repetitive pulse or transient waveforms

S

PECIFICATIONS

Resolution:

0.5 mV

Control:

Adjustable voltage to frequency Relationship

Analog Output (BNC):

Two outputs configurable to Log or Lin

Operating Modes:

Analog Out: Selectable channel adjusted for
calibration factors and other power reading
correction settings.

Pass/Fail: Selectable TTL High or Low
Channel output: Near real time analog.

Uncalibrated.
AC Modulation Output: Output 1 only.
Dwell Output: Output 2 only

Output Range:

-5.0 to 5.0V

Resolution:

0.1 mV

Trigger Input:
Operating Modes:

External TTL or RF Blanking.

GPIB Interface:

IEEE-488.2 and IEC-625

RS-232:

Supports software download and modem dial-out.

Parallel Printer Output:

Compatible with Deskjet 540 and 340 Models.
Other 500 Series and 300 Series and later are
typically compatible. Also Canon BJC 80.
See manual for DIP switch settings.

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
General:

MIL-T28800E,Type 3,class 5, Style E

Display:

Flat panel monochrome LCD graphic with backlight

Operating Temperature Range:

0.0 to +50 °C.

Storage Temperature Range:

-40 to +70 °C

Moisture:

Splash and rain resistant, 95% humidity non­condensing.

Power Requirements:
AC:

90 to 250VAC,47 to 440Hz, 40VA Maximum

DC:

12 to 24 VDC, Reverse protected to -40V.
Maximum input 30V.

Battery:

> 6 hr usable with 3000mAhr battery

Replaceable Battery(Option):

3000mAhr NiMH

EMI:

Complies with requirements for CE marking.

Warranty:

1 year standard, contact factory for extended
warranty options

Dimensions:

8.39 inches (213mm) wide, 3.46 inches (88mm)
high, 9.84 inches (390mm) deep

Weight:

<6.6Ibs (<3kg)

Source Sweep: Single channel power sweep or
frequency sweep

NCDMA Average Power, Peak Power and Crest
Factor-ML2407/8A only.

Range Hold:

Current range or selectable 1 through 5.

AVERAGING
Auto-averaging:

Automatically increases
moving averaging at low power ranges.

Averaging Types:

Auto, Manual (Moving, Repeat)

Manual Average Range:

1 to 512

Low-Level Averaging:

Low, Medium, and High settings apply post
average low pass filter to improve visibility at
high display resolution.

Limit Lines:

Fixed value high and low limits with audible, rear
panel TTL output, and/or visible Pass/Fail alarm
indication. Failure indication can latch for transient
failure detection.

Cursors:

Two manually adjustable cursors with power,
delta cursor power, between cursor power
average, and delta time readout display.

Delta t Resolution:

0.5% of display period or 100ns

TRIGGERING
Trigger Sources:

Internal, External TTL, GPIB, Manual, Continuous

Delay Range:

0.0 to 999.0 Milliseconds

Delay Resolution:

0.5% of display period or 100ns

Internal Trigger Range:

-15 to +20 dBm, all diode sensors.
Selectable to -25dBm

Internal Trigger Level Accuracy:

1.0 dB, typical

External Trigger Range:

TTL rising or falling edge trigger. BNC input

Manual Trigger:

Front Panel Softkey

CHANNEL BANDWIDTH

ML2437/38A 100 kHz nominal
ML2407/08A 1.4 MHz nominal

SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
Display:

LCD Graphic display with backlight and adjustable
contrast.

Save/Recall:

10 storage registers plus RESET default settings

Secure Mode:

Erases memory information upon power ON.
Default condition is Secure Mode OFF.

Rear Panel Inputs/Outputs
Cal Factor Voltage Input (BNC):
Operating Modes:

Voltage: Display voltage reading on selected
channel

Voltage proportional to frequency for sensor
calibration factor compensation

Blanking Input: TTL levels only. Selectable positive
or negative polarity.

Input Range:

0 to 20V

Standard Diode Sensors

15

Power Sensor Specifications

1. 0.0 dBm, room temperature.

2. Each MA2400A/B Series sensor incorporates precision RF connectors with hexagon coupling nut for attachment by industry standard torque wrench.

3. MA2460A/B Fast Diode Sensors must be used with ML2407/08A Power Meters for NCDMA and Fast Pulse measurements.

Model Frequency Range

Dynamic Range
(dBm)

SWR Sensor Linearity

RF Conn

2

MA2472B 10 MHz - 18 GHz

- 70 to + 20

< 1.17; 10 - 150 MHz

MA2472B Only

< 1.90; 10 - 50 MHz
< 1.17; 50 - 150 MHz
< 1.12; 0.15 - 2 GHz
< 1.22; 2 - 12.4 GHz
< 1.25; 12.4 - 18 GHz
< 1.35; 18 - 32 GHz
< 1.50; 32 - 40 GHz
< 1.63; 40 - 50 GHz

< 0.004

1.8%, < 18 GHz

2.5%, < 40 GHz

3.5%, < 50 GHz

N (m)

MA2473A 10 MHz - 32 GHz K (m)

MA2474A 10 MHz - 40 GHz K (m)

MA2475A 10 MHz - 50 GHz V (m)

MA2422B 10 MHz - 18 GHz

< 1.90; 10 - 50 MHz
< 1.17; 50 - 150 MHz
< 1.10; 0.15 - 2 GHz
< 1.15; 2 - 12.4 GHz
< 1.20; 12.4 - 18 GHz
< 1.25; 18 - 32 GHz
< 1.30; 32 - 40 GHz
< 1.40; 40 - 50 GHz

N (m)

MA2423B 10 MHz - 32 GHz K (m)

MA2424B 10 MHz - 40 GHz K (m)

MA2425B 10 MHz - 50 GHz V (m)

MA2442B 10 MHz - 18 GHz

- 67 to + 20

< 1.17; 50 - 150MHz

MA2442B Only

< 1.90; 10 - 50MHz
< 1.17; 50 - 150MHz
< 1.08; 0.15 - 2GHz
< 1.16; 2 - 12.4GHz
< 1.21; 12.4 - 18GHz
< 1.29; 18 - 32GHz
< 1.44; 32 - 40GHz
< 1.50; 40 - 50GHz

< 0.004

1.8%, < 18 GHz

2.5%, < 40 GHz

3.5%, < 50 GHz

N (m)

MA2444A 10 MHz - 40 GHz K (m)

MA2445A 10 MHz - 50 GHz V (m)

< 1.10; 0.1 MHz - 2 GHz
< 1.15; 2 - 12.4 GHz
< 1.20; 12.4 - 18 GHz

MA2421A 0.1 MHz - 18 GHz

- 30 to + 20

Fast Thermal Sensors

High Accuracy Diode Sensors

< 4.0

1.3%, < 18 GHz

1.5%, < 40 GHz

1.8%, < 50 GHz

N (m)

Universal Power Sensors

MA2481B 10 MHz - 6 GHz

-60 to + 20 N (m)

MA2482A 10 MHz - 18 GHz

MA2480/01 Adds fast CW mode to Universal Power Sensors for high speed measurements of CW signal plus TDMA and pulse measurements.

Fast Diode Sensors

MA2468A

3

10 MHz - 6 GHz

-60 to + 20 < 0.0006 1.8% N (m)

MA2469B

3

10 MHz - 18 GHz

< 1.90; 10 - 50 MHz
< 1.17; 50 - 150 MHz
< 1.12; 0.15 - 2 GHz
< 1.22; 2 - 12.4 GHz
< 1.25; 12.4 - 18 GHz

< 1.17; 10 - 150 MHz
< 1.12; 0.15 - 2 GHz
< 1.22; 2 - 12.4 GHz
< 1.25; 12.4 - 18 GHz

10 MHz to 6 GHz

3% -60 to +20 dBm

6 to 18 GHz

3% -60 to 0 dBm

3.5% 0 to +20 dBm
(1.8% CW with

option 1)

< 0.004

(with option

1 only)

Rise Time

1

(ms)

ANRITSU CORPORATION

5-10-27, Minamiazabu, Minato-ku, Tokyo
106, Japan
Phone: [phone]
Telex: J34372
Fax: [phone]

Overseas Subsidiaries

·

U.S.A.

ANRITSU COMPANY

1155 E. Collins Blvd. Richardson,
TX 75081, U.S.A.
Phone: +1-800-ANRITSU
Fax: [phone]

·

Canada

ANRITSU Instruments Ltd.

4-205 Matheson Blvd. East, Mississauga
Ontario, L4Z 3E3, Canada
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

·

Brazil

ANRITSU ELECTRONICA LTDA.

Praia de Botafogo 440, Sala 2401
CEP 22250-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

·

U.K.

ANRITSU LTD.

200 Capability Green, Luton,
Bedfordshire LU1 3LU, United Kingdom
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

·

Germany

ANRITSU GmbH

Grafenberger Allee 54-56, D-40237
Düsseldorf 1, Germany
Phone: [phone]
Fax:[phone]

·

France

ANRITSU SA

9, Avenue du Québec, ZA de
Courtaboeuf
91951 Les Ulis Cedex, France
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

·

Italy

ANRITSU SpA

Via Elio Vittorini, 129, 00144 Roma, Italy
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

·

Sweden

ANRITSU AB

Botvid Center 145 84 Stockholm, Sweden
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

·

Singapore

ANRITSU PTE LTD.

10, Hoe Chiang Road, #07-01/02
Keppel Towers, Singapore 089315
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

·

Hong Kong

ANRITSU COMPANY LTD.

Suite 812, 8/F, Chinachem Golden Plaza,
77 Mody Road, Tsimshatsui East, Kowloon,
Hong Kong, China
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

·

Korea

ANRITSU CORPORATION Limited

14F Hyunjuk Building, 832-41, Yeoksam­Dong, Kangnam-Ku, Seoul, Korea
Phone: [phone] to 7156
Fax: [phone]

·

Spain

ANRITSU ELECTRÓNICA S.A.

Europa Empresarial - Edifico Londres ­Planta 1. a- Oficina 6 Playa de Liencres, 2
28230 Las Rozas (Madrid) Spain
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

Specifications are subject to change without notice.

15000-00004 rev C

Ordering Information

Models

ML2437A, Power Meter, single input
ML2438A, Power Meter, dual input
ML2407A, NCDMA Power Meter, single input
ML2408A, NCDMA Power Meter, dual input

Included Accessories

Power cord for destination
One 1.5m sensor cord per meter input
Operation Manual
Certificate of Calibration, also included with sensors.

Options and Accessories

ML2400A-01 Rack Mount, single unit
ML2400A-03 Rack Mount, side-by-side
ML2400A-05 Front Bail Handle
ML2400A-06 Rear Mount Input A on ML2437A/07A
ML2400A-07 Rear Input A and Reference on ML2437A/07A
ML2400A-08 Rear Mount Inputs A, B and Reference
ML2400A-09 Rear Mount Inputs A and B on ML2438A/08A
ML2400A-11 Ni-MH Battery with Desktop Charger
ML2400A-12 Front Panel Cover
ML2400A-20 Spare1.5m Sensor Cable
ML2400A-21 0.3m Sensor Cable
ML2400A-22 3m Sensor Cable
ML2400A-23 5m Sensor Cable
ML2400A-24 10m Sensor Cable
ML2400A-25 30m Sensor Cable
ML2400A-26 50m Sensor Cable
ML2400A-27 100m Sensor Cable
ML2400A-29 Bulkhead Adapter
ML2400A-30 Extra Operation Manual ML2437/8A
ML2400A-31 Extra Operation/Programming Manual ML2407/8A
ML2400A-33 Printer
2300-243 LabVIEW

™

Driver and Examples
760-209 Hardside Transit Case
D41310 Soft Carry Case with shoulder strap
10585-00003 Maintenance Manual ML2400A Series
MA2418A 50 MHz Reference Oscillator with Power Supply
ML2419A Range Calibrator
MA2499B Anritsu 4700 & 4600 Series Sensor Adapter
MA2497A HP8480 Series Sensor Adapter

Options 1 to 5 above are mutually exclusive for any given ML2430A unit.
Options 6,7, 8 and 9 above are mutually exclusive for any given ML2430A.
Options 25, 26, 27 can not be used with ML2407/8A

Understanding SWR and Mismatch Uncertainty.

Return Loss, SWR, and reflection coefficient describe a device’s impedance
match characteristic. When two devices of differing impedance are mated,
energy from the output of the source device suffers incomplete transfer to
the power sensor.

The partial reflections of
microwave energy create
a standing wave, hence
the term standing wave
ratio, SWR. A standing
wave’s impact upon power
measurement accuracy is
analogous to moving the
power sensor along the
transmission line. The
load within the power
sensor detects more or
less signal power
depending upon these
vector additions and
subtractions. Thus, without
knowledge of the vector
reflection characteristics, it
is not possible to know
exactly where maxima and minima occur. The range of the minima and
maxima are mismatch uncertainty.

In most test systems, the power sensor is attached at a fixed point on a
transmission line. However, the effects of standing waves are still present
because the position of the maxima and minima change as the frequency
increases. At some point in a swept frequency measurement, in phase
addition and subtraction is likely to occur. For this reason, mismatch
uncertainty is calculated as a likely worst case value. When performing this
calculation it is reasonable to neglect data sheet reflection specifications in
favor of actually measuring the reflection magnitudes of the test
components. Evaluating the actual reflection magnitudes within a test setup
helps identify other causes of measurement variation. This practice is also a
very effective means of identifying damage in coaxial connectors.

Standing waves are created when impedance mismatch
causes RF signal reflections. The magnitude of the standing
wave varies along the transmission line as the incident
signal and reflected signal add and subtract vectorially.

The numerical values for reflection characteristics are mathematically related.

P

I

P

R

P

Power Sensor

MIN

P

Power Sensor

MAX

Distance From Source

Lower

Frequency

Frequency

P

I

F

H

Middle

F

L

F

M

High

Frequency

Power versus frequency
graphs have amplitude
ripple.

Reflection Coefficient = Γ =

VSWR -1

VSWR +1

= 10

P = P - P = P

D

RI ABSORBED

Power Sensor

Power Sensor Magnitude

Varies With Position

Power Sensor

- (Return Loss) / 20

> P

MIN

< P

MAX