adtech ADT-CNC4840 User Manual

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Milling Controller

User Manual

ADTECH (SHENZHEN) CNC TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD

5th Floor, 27-29th Building, Tianxia IC Industrial Park, Yiyuan road, Nanshan District,

E-mail:

Shenzhen Post code: 518052

Tel:86-755-26722719 Fax: 86-755-26722718

export@adtechen.com http://www.adtechen.com

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

All property rights of this user manual are reserved by Adtech (Shenzhen) CNC

Technology Co., Ltd (ADTECH for short). No institution or person is allowed to

counterfeit, copy, transcribe or translate this user manual without the permission of

ADTECH. This user manual does not include warranty, standpoint expression, or other

hints in any form. ADTECH does not bear any responsibility for any data outflow, benefit

loss or business termination due to the product info contained or mentioned by this user

manual. All products and data mentioned are for reference only. Contents are subject to

change without prior notice.

ADTECH (SHENZHEN) CNC TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD

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ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

Version Upgrading Instruction

Program NO First update Version Number Total page

XT20080505B

2012-1-7 A1301 194 Xu Yuwen

Edit

engineer

calibration records

Date version/page result confirmation

Printer

engineer

- 2 -

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

Notice

Transportation and storage:

1.The product packing case piles the repeat not to be possible to surpass six 2.Cannot climb up in the product

packing case, stand or the laying aside heavy

3. cannot use and the product connected electric cable dragging or the transporting product

4. refuses the collision, to scratch the kneading board and the display monitor

5. product packing case should avoid moist, the insolation as well as the rain

drenches

Opens a box and check :

1. after opening the packing, please confirm whether is the product

2. inspection product which you purchase in the transportation whether to have on the way damages

3. comparison detailed list to confirm various parts are whether complete, whether there is appendix or

transportation damage situations and so on to damage

4. like existence product model symbol, not to lack, please promptly relate with Our company

Connection:

1. participates in the wiring and the inspection personnel must be has the corresponding ability specialists

2. product to earth reliably, the earth resistance should be smaller than 4 ohms, cannot use the neutral axis (zero

curve) to replace the grounding

3. wiring to be correct, be reliable, in order to avoid causes the product

breakdown or the unexpected consequence

4. with the product connection surge absorber diode must according to the

stipulation direction connection, otherwise before will damage product

5. to insert pulls out the plug or turns on the product engine case, must shut

off the product power source

Overhaul

1. before the overhaul either replaces the primary device, must the dump

2. have when the short circuit or the overload should the trouble shooting, after the trouble shooting, if only then

starts

3. not to be possible passes the power failure frequently to the product, after the power failure, to electrify, time

interval at least 1 minute

Others

1. without the permission, please arbitrarily do not turn on the cabinet.

2. the long time does not use, please dump.

3. the special attention do not let the dust, the powdered iron enter the controller.

4. outputs the relay, if uses the non-solid state relay, then must in the relay

winding the parallel after flow diode. The inspecting office receives a

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telegram the source whether to meet the requirement, ceases burns out the

controller.

5. controller's life and the ambient temperature have the very big relations, if

processes the scene hyperpyrexia, pays respects installs the radiation

ventilator. Controller permission work ambient temperature scope in 0℃-60

℃ between. 6. avoids, in the high temperature, moist, the multi-dust or have

in the caustic gas environment to use. 7. in the vibration intense place,

should add the rubber crash pad to carry on the cushion.

Maintenance

Under general exploitation conditions (environmental condition: The daily average 30℃, the load factor 80%, the

service factor daily 12 hours), please press the following project to carry on the daily inspection and the periodic

inspection.

1.confirmation ambient temperature,

temperature, dust foreign matter

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

Daily inspection

Periodic inspection

Daily

one year

2. whether there is exceptionally to

vibrate, the sound

3. whether air vent and so on blocked by

the yarn

1. Firm part whether loose

2. whether terminal table being damage

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ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

CONTENT

Chapter I Definition of System Interface and Wiring Description................................................................... - 7 -

I. System Structure _________________________________________________________________________ - 7 -

1. Parts of CNC4840 NCS __________________________________________________________________ - 7 -

2. Notice for Installation____________________________________________________________________ - 8 -

3.Installing Dimension ____________________________________________________________________- 10 -

II. External Connection ____________________________________________________________________- 11 -

1. External Interface ______________________________________________________________________ - 11 -

2. Control Interface of Motor Driver _________________________________________________________- 13 -

3. Input Interface of Machine_______________________________________________________________ - 14 -

4. Input Expansion Interface _______________________________________________________________ - 18 -

5. Output Interface _______________________________________________________________________- 20 -

6. Output Expansion Interface ______________________________________________________________- 22 -

7. Analog Output ________________________________________________________________________- 24 -

8. Handheld box _________________________________________________________________________- 25 -

9. Electrical Connection Diagram ___________________________________________________________ - 26 -

10. Legend of connection between CNC4840 and servo/stepper driver ______________________________- 27 -

Chapter II Programming ............................................................................................................................... - 32 -

1.1 Basic knowledge of programming _____________________________________________________ - 32 -

1.1.1

Movi n g dir e cti o n and d e fini t ion of c on t rol a xi s

1.1.2

Coordi n a te s y ste m o f mac h i ne tool and w o r k p i e ce (G 53, G54 ~ G 599 )

1.1.3

Mode fun cti on an d mo d e le s s funct i o n

1.1.4 Feed function ____________________________________________________________________ - 34 -

1.1.5 Program structure _________________________________________________________________- 35 -

1.2 Preparatory function (G code) ________________________________________________________- 37 -

1.2.1 List of G codes ___________________________________________________________________ - 37 -

1.2.2 Interpolation (G00, G01, G02, G03) __________________________________________________- 38 -

1.2.3 Pause instruction (G04) ____________________________________________________________ - 41 -

1.2.4 Plane selection (G17, G18, G19) _____________________________________________________ - 41 -

1.2.5 Instructions of Coordinate System (G53~G59, G591~G599, G92) ___________________________- 41 -

1.2.6 Reference point related instructions (G27, G28, G29)_____________________________________ - 44 -

1.2.7 Tool compensation (G40, G41, G42, G43, G44, G49) ____________________________________- 46 -

1.2.8 Hole processing cycle (G73~G89) ____________________________________________________ - 75 -

1.3 Auxiliary function (M, S, T) __________________________________________________________ - 87 -

1.3.1 M code _________________________________________________________________________ - 87 -

1.3.2 S code __________________________________________________________________________- 89 -

1.3.3 T code __________________________________________________________________________- 89 -

1.4 Macro ____________________________________________________________________________- 90 -

1.4.1 Variable instruction _______________________________________________________________- 90 -

1.4.2 Macro program call _______________________________________________________________ - 92 -

1.4.3 Variable_________________________________________________________________________- 96 -

1.4.4 Calculation instruction ____________________________________________________________- 100 -

1.4.5 Control instruction _______________________________________________________________ - 104 -

1.4.6 Notice for using macro ____________________________________________________________- 107 -

_________________________________________- 34 -

_______________________________- 32 -

_________- 33 -

1 Chapter III Operation ........................................................................................................................ - 108 -

1.1.1

2.1.1

1.2.1

1.2.2

1.2.3

1.2.4 Setting and modification of system parameters, coordinate parameters, network

parameters, setting parameters and parameter management

1.2.5

Description of Control Panel _____________________________________________________- 108 LCD panel ___________________________________________________________________ - 108 position display Program display _______________________________________________________________- 113 Settings of tool compensation parameters ___________________________________________- 117 -

Diagnosis display setting ________________________________________________________- 123 -

_______________________________________________________________- 110 -

___________________________________- 118 -

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1.2.6

1.3 Description of operating mode _______________________________________________________- 129 -

1.2.1

1.4 Manual operations_________________________________________________________________- 130 -

1.4.2

1.4.3 Operations of manual auxiliary functions

1.5 Auto operation ____________________________________________________________________- 132 -

1.5.1

1.5.2 stop of auto operation

1.5.2 There are two ways to stop the auto operation. One is to input stop order in where

it is to stop in advance via the program, and the other way is to use the button on control panel.

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1.5.3 feed rate adjustment in auto operation

1.2.2 In [Auto] mode, in the interface of display position, you can rotate the auto rate shift to change the manual rate. The range of the rate is 0~150% (with 10% per shift) . The feed rate is specified by F instruction or parameters.

1.5.4

1.5.5

1.6 Zero fill __________________________________________________________________________- 134 -

1.6.1

Alarm display_________________________________________________________________- 128 -

Selection of operating mode ________________________________________________________- 129 -

reset relative position ___________________________________________________________- 130 -

start of program _______________________________________________________________- 132 -

______________________________________________________- 132 -

______________________________________- 133 -

_________________________________________- 133 Single program segment ________________________________________________________- 133 Skip the program segment _______________________________________________________- 134 -

return to reference point manually_________________________________________________ - 134 -

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

____________________________________- 131 -

1.7 Single-step/Handwheel operation_____________________________________________________- 135 -

1.7.1

1.7.2

1.8 Edition operation __________________________________________________________________ - 136 -

1.8.1

1.8.2

1.8.3

1.8.4

1.8.5

1.8.6

1.8.7

1.8.8

1.8.9

1.9 Recording operation _______________________________________________________________ - 143 -

1.10 Composite key ____________________________________________________________________ - 144 -

1.11 Parameters ______________________________________________________________________- 146 -

1.11.1

1.11.2

1.11.3

1.11.4

1.11.6

1.11.7

Single-step feed _______________________________________________________________ - 135 Handwheel feed _______________________________________________________________ - 135 -

Preparation before program storage and edition ______________________________________- 136 Save the program in storage _____________________________________________________ - 136 Program searching _____________________________________________________________- 137 Adding program_______________________________________________________________ - 138 Deleting program ______________________________________________________________- 138 Deleting all programs __________________________________________________________ - 138 Inserting, modifying, deleting word _______________________________________________- 138 Storage capacity _______________________________________________________________ - 140 Download of program __________________________________________________________ - 140 -

GenralParam (P1.) _____________________________________________________________- 146 Network parameter(P2.)_________________________________________________________ - 164 -

Axis parameter configuration

Tool magazine parameter (P4.) ___________________________________________________- 179 IO Configuration parameter(P5.)__________________________________________________ - 180 Manager Parameter (P6.)________________________________________________________ - 180 -

(P3.) ______________________________________________ - 166 -

1.12 System alarming __________________________________________________________________ - 186 -

1.12.1

1.12.2

1.2 Annex1 setting of workpiece coordinate and tool setting _________________________________- 190 -

1.3 Annex 2 Table of operating environment ______________________________________________- 190 -

1.4 Annex3 Description of keyboard _____________________________________________________- 191 -

NC Program executing alarming __________________________________________________- 186 -

system environment alarming

__________________________________________________- 188 -

- 6 -

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

Chapter I Definition of System Interface and Wiring Description

I. System Structure

1. Parts of CNC4840 NCS

CNC4840 NCS is composed by the following main units:

1. CNC c o n t r ol u n i t (Contr o l de vi c e CNC4 8 40)

2. Stepper motor d r ive r (D i gi t a l AC s e r vo dr i ve r )

3. Stepper motor ( Servo mot or )

4. Elect r ic ca b i ne t

AC power supply input

+24V switching power supply

Electric cabinet

Stepper driver or digital AC servo motor driver

Stepper motor or servo motor

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ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

2. Notice for Installation

Conditions for mounting electric cabinet

 The electric cabinet should be able to prevent the entry of dust, cooling liquid and organic solution

effectively.

 The electric cabinet should be designed in a way that the distance between rear cover and the casing

should not be less than 20CM. Considering the temperature rise inside the electric cabinet, the difference in temperature between inside and outside should not exceed 10°C.

 Fan should be installed inside the electric cabinet so as to ensure the good air circulation inside.  Display panel should be installed in a place away from the cooling liquid.  Try to reduce the external electric interference to prevent it from transmitting to the system.

Methods to prevent the interference

When designing the system, several anti-interference measures such as shielding space electromagnetic radiation, absorbing impulse current, and filtering power supply noise are adopted, which to a certain extent prevents the external interference source from affecting the system. To ensure the stable operation of the system, the following measures should be done when installing:

1: CNC should be away from the devices that generate the interference (such as transducer, AC contactor, electrostriction generator, high pressure producer, and segment separator of dynamic line). At the same time, the switching power supply should be connected with individual filter to enhance the anti-interference capability of CNC. (As picture 1-4)

2: The system should be powered by isolating transformer, and the machine tool on which the system is installed should be grounded. CNC and driver should connect the individual earth line from the ground point.

3: Interference suppression: Connect a RC return circuit (0.01μF, 100~200Ω, as picture 1-5) in

parallel at the two ends of AC coil. The RC returning circuit should be as close to the inductive load as

possible when installing. Connect a freewheeling diode in parallel reversely at the two ends of DC coil

(as picture 1-6). Connect surge absorbers in parallel at the winding ends of AC motor (as picture 1-7).

Filter

Switching power supply

Picture 1-4

Surge absorber

Picture 1-6

Picture 1-7

- 8 -

Bind the cable of group B and group A separately, or shield

the cable of group B. Cables of group B and group C should

Bind the cable of group C and group A separately, or shield

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

4: To reduce the interface between the CNC signal cables and the electric cables, the wiring should follow the rules below:

Group

Type of Cable Wiring Requirements

AC supply line

AC coil

AC contactor

DC coil (24VDC)

DC relay (24VDC)

Cable connecting system and electric cabinet

Cable connecting system and controller

Cable connecting system and servo driver

Position feedback cable

Position coder cable

Bind the cable of group A and group B and C separately, reserve the distance of at least 10cm, or electromagnetic shielding the group A cable

be placed as far as better.

the cable of group C. The distance between group C and group B should be at least 10cm, and the cable uses the twisted pair.

Handwheel cable

Other cables for the purpose of shielding

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3.Installing Dimension

Installing dimension of CNC4840 controller

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

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ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

II. External Connection

1. External Interface

CNC 4 8 40 contr o l un i t i s connected to t h e ex te rna l devices v i a the r e ar a n d fr ont in t e rfaces .

1. The outer casing of CNC4840 is defined as follows:

XS1 input interface XS5 expansion input

XS2 output interface XS6 handheld box

XS3 expansion output

XS4 additional panel

XS13 analog output

DC 24V

X, Y, Z, A, B, and C r e f er to the c o n ne c t i ng signa l o f s t e pper motor dr i ve r or d i g i t al AC ser v o driver of e ach ax i s. CNC 4 8 40 contr o l le r uses X , Y, Z, A, B , and C a xe s at t he mome n t .

Input int e r fa ce s a n d ex p a ns i on input interf a ce s of the ma c h i n e a re limit a n d d i g i t al input si gna l s of ea c h a xis. O ut put i nt e r faces a nd ex pa ns i o n out put i nt e r fa ces a r e the d i gita l ou t put s ign a l.

XS14 network

CNC4 8 40 contr o l l er uses t h e 24 V DC power s upply, and the int er na l p ower co n s u mption i s ab out 5 W.

- 11 -

supply

network

- 12 -

Output terminal board

Connect to machine tool

Input terminal board

Connect to machine tool

Input terminal board

Connect to machine tool

Driver

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

Motor

Driver

XS2 Output interface of machine XS6 Handheld box XS10 A axis

XS3 Output expansion of machine XS7 X axis XS11 B axis

XS4 Additional panel XS8 Y axis XS12 C axis

XS13 Analog output

Serial port

USB disk

XS14

Motor

Driver

Motor

Additional panel

Computer

General Wiring Diagram

24V DC power

Motor

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

2. Control Interface of Motor Driver

There a r e 8 i n t e r faces for t h e d r iv e r ( X, Y, Z , A , B , C ax e s ), a n d t he in t e rface de f i n i t io n

is t h e sa me. Re f e r to t he f o l l ow i n g p i ct u r e:

 Pulse interface of axis 1-6

Pulse Interface of X/Y/Z/A/B/C Axis

Line S/N Name Function

1 nPU+ Pulse signal +

2 nPU- Pulse signal -

3 nD R + Direction signal +

4 n D R - Direction signal -

5 IN

6 OUT General output (X - 48 Y - 49 Z- 50 A-5 1 B- 5 2 C- 5 3 )

7 nECZ+

8 nECZ- Coder Z-phase input -

9 PUCOM Used for driver with single-end input

10 +24V

11 24VG N D

General input, can be used as alarm input ( X-6 6

Y- 6 7 Z- 68 A- 6 9 B- 7 0 C-7 1 )

Coder Z-phase input + (X -72 Y-73 Z- 74 A- 7 5

B-7 6 C -77)

Provide internal 24V power supply, directly connected

with 24V power supply of controller

12 nE C A+

13 nECA- Coder A-phase input -

14 nE CB+

15 nEC B - Coder B-phase input -

Coder A-phase input + (X -78 Y -80 Z - 82 A- 8 4

B-8 6 C -88)

Coder B-phase input + (X-7 9 Y-8 1 Z-83 A- 85

B-8 7 C -89)

- 13 -

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

3. Input Interface of Machine

1) The d igit al inp ut int erface s inclu de the zer o point s o f XYZABC axe s , ha rdwar e limit

sig na l o f XYZA a xe s , et c. T he definit io n is as fo llo w s:

- 14 -

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

Input Interface of Machine

Line S/N Name Function

1 IN0 (X_LMT+) X positive limit

2 IN1 (X_LMT-) X negative limit

3 IN2 (Y_LMT+) Y positive limit

4 IN3 (Y_LMT-) Y negative limit

5 IN4 (Z_LMT+) Z positive limit

6 IN5 (Z_LMT-) Z negative limit

7 IN6 (A_LMT+) A positive limit

8 IN7 (A_LMT-) A negative limit

9 INCOM1 Common input terminal (24v+, 12v+)

10 IN8 (X_STOP0) X axis zero

11 IN9 (Y_STOP0) Y axis zero

12 IN10 (Z_STOP0) Z axis zero

13 IN11 (A_STOP0) A axis zero

14 IN12 (B_STOP0) B axis zero

15 IN13 (C_STOP0) C axis zero

16 IN14 Air pressure alarm input

17 IN15

18 INCOM2 Common input terminal (24v+, 12v+)

19 IN16 B positive limit

20 IN17 B negative limit

21 IN18 C positive limit

22 IN19 C negative limit

23 IN20 Cycle ON

24 IN21 Pause

25 IN22 Emergency stop

26 IN23 Alarm input of main axis

27 INCOM3 Common input terminal (24v+, 12v+)

28 IN24 Input for triggering feeler device

29 IN25 Input for protecting feeler device

Spare input (used to detect the material-champing alarm input signal during the operation)

30 IN26 Spare input

31 IN27 Spare input

32 IN28 Spare input

33 IN29 Spare input

34 IN30 Spare input

35 IN31 Spare input

36 INCOM4 Common input terminal (24v+, 12v+)

- 15 -

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

2) Diag ram of wiring b e tween inpu t inter fac e s and p ho to ele c tric s w it ch/ pro ximit y

switch is a s fo llow s :

X positive limit Go Switch

X negative limit Go Switch

Y positive limit Go Switch

Y negative limit Go Switch

Z positive limit Go Switch

XT1 (Input terminal block of machine tool)

Z negative limit Go Switch

A positive limit Go Switch

X origin proximity switch

Y origin proximity switch

Z origin proximity switch

A origin proximity switch

B origin proximity switch

C origin proximity switch

- 16 -

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

Spare input

XT1 (Input terminal block of machine tool)

Cycle ON

Pause

Emergency stop

Spindle alarm input

Spare input

- 17 -

1 IN3 2

Spa r e i n put

IN3 3

Spa r e i n put

IN3 4

Spa r e i n put

IN3 5

Spa r e i n put

IN3 6

Spa r e i n put

IN3 7

Spar e in p u t

IN3 8

Spa r e i n put

IN3 9

Spa r e i n put

IN4 0

Spa r e i n put

IN4 1

Spa r e i n put

IN4 2

Spa r e i n put

IN4 3

Spa r e i n put

IN4 4

Spa r e i n put

IN4 5

Spa r e i n put

IN4 6

Spa r e i n put

IN4 7

Spa r e i n put

IN4 8

Spa r e i n put

IN4 9

Spa r e i n p

ut 19 IN5 0

Spa r e i n put

IN5 1

Spa r e i n put

IN5 2

Spa r e i n put

IN5 3

Spa r e i n put

IN5 4

Spa r e i n put

IN5 5

Spa r e i n put

25 INC O M 5

Com m o n i n put ter m in a l

(24 v +

12v+ )

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

4. Input Expansion Interface

1) Digital input interfaces include BC hardware limit, other spare input signals, etc. the definitions

are as follows:

Input Expansion Interface

Line S/N

Name Function

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ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

2) The wiring of expansion input int erface and p roximit y sw it ch is sho wn as fo llow s :

Spare input

XT2 (Input terminal block of machine tool)

Spare input

- 19 -

1 OUT0

Sp i n dle cl oc k w i se ro t ati o n

(

M0 3 )

OUT1

Sp i n dle ant i

clock w i se r o t at i on

3 OUT2 Il lu m i na t ion

( M 6 6

M6 7 )

OUT3

Cool

er 1 ( M 0 8

M0 9 )

OUT4

Cool

er 2 ( M 6 8

M6 9 )

OUT5

Lubr i ca ti on

( M 3 2

M3 3 )

OUT6

Ad jus t ing t oo l

( M 1 0

M1 1 )

OUT7

Tool c h ange

( M 1 2

M1 3 )

OUT8

Ch a m b er a i r blowi n g

( M 1 4

M1 5 )

OUT9

Cl a m p ma t e ri a l s

( M 1 6

M1 7 )

11 OUT1 0

Fe e d ing

( M 1 8

M1 9 )

OUT1 1

St a r t li gh t

( M 4 0

M4 1 )

OUT1 2

St o p li gh t

( M 4 2

M4 3 )

OUT1 3

War n i ng l ig h t

( M 4 4

M4 5 )

OUT1 4

Dum p i ng

( M 46

M4 7 )

OUT1 5

Di s c h argi n g scra p s

( M 4 8

M4 9 )

OUT1 6

Kni f e wa r e hou se

+ ( M 50

M5 1 )

OUT1 7

Kni f e wa r e h

ous e

( M 52

M5 3 )

OUT1 8

Sp a r e ou t pu t

( M 5 4

M5 5 )

OUT1 9

Sp a r e ou t pu t

( M 56

M5 7 )

OUT2 0

Sp i n dle ge a r shi f t con t r ol

1 ( M 5 8

, 22

OUT2 1

Sp i n dle ge a r shi f t con t r ol

2 ( M 6 0

, 23

OUT2 2

Sp i n dle ge a r shi f t con t r ol

3 ( M62

, 24

OUT2 3

Sp i n dle ge

ar shi f t cont r o l

4 ( M64

25 OUT_ G N D 1

Common powe r s u pp ly o f

12 v-,

24 v-

5. Output Interface

1) The output interface and the wiring are defined as follows:

Output Interfaces

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

Line S/N

Name Function

- 20 -

XT 3

(

Output expansio

n terminal block of machine too

2) Wiring diagram of output interface is as follows:

Spindle clockwise rotation

Spindle anti-clockwise rotation

Illumination

Lubrication

Adjusting tool

Tool change

Chamber air blowing

Cooler 1

Cooler 2

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

Clamp materials

Feeding

Start light

Stop light

Warning light

Spare output

Spindle gear shift control 1

Spindle gear shift control 2

Spindle gear shift control 3

Spindle gear shift control 4

Spindle clockwise rotation

Spindle anti-clockwise rotation

Illumination

- 21 -

1 OUT2 4

Spa r e out p ut

(M1 1 0

M11 1 ) F1 0

OUT2 5

Spa r e out p ut

(M1 1 2

M11 3 ) F1 1

OUT2 6

Spa r e ou tpu t

(M1 1 4

M11 5 ) F1 2

OUT2 7

Spa r e out p ut

(M1 1 6

M11 7 ) F1 3

OUT2 8

Spa r e out p ut

(M1 1 8

M11 9 ) F1 4

OUT2 9

Spa r e out p ut

(M1 2 0

M12 1 ) F1 5

OUT3 0

Spa r e out p ut

(M1 2 2

M12 3 ) F1 6

OUT3 1

Spa r e out p ut

(M1 2 4

M12 5 ) F1 7

OUT3 2

Spa r e out p ut

(M1 2 6

M12 7 ) F1 8

OUT3 3

Spa r e out p ut

(M1 2 8

M12 9 ) F1 9

OUT3 4

Spa r e out p ut

(M1 3 0

M13 1 ) F2 0

OUT3 5

Spa r e out p ut

(M1 3 2

M13 3 )

OUT3 6

Spa r e out p ut

(M1 3 4

M13 5 )

OUT3 7

Spa r e out p ut

(M1 3 6

M13 7 )

OUT3 8

Spa r e out p ut

(M1 3 8

M13 9 )

OUT3 9

Spa r e out p ut

(M1 4 0

M14 1

) 17 OUT4 0

Spa r e out p ut

(M1 4 2

M14 3 )

OUT4 1

Spa r e out p ut

(M1 4 4

M14 5 )

OUT4 2

Spa r e out p ut

(M1 4 6

M14 7 )

OUT4 3

Spa r e out p ut

(M1 4 8

M14 9 )

OUT4 4

Spa r e out p ut

(M1 5 0

M15 1 )

OUT4 5

Spa r e out p ut

(M1 5 2

M15 3 )

OUT4 6

Spa r e out p ut

(M1 5 4

M15 5 )

24 OUT4 7

Spa r e out p ut

(M1 5 6

M15 7 )

25 OUT_ G N D 2

Com m o n p o wer sup p l y o f

12v-,

24v-

6. Output Expansion Interface

1) The expansion output interface and the wiring are defined as follows:

Output Expansion Interface

Line S/N

Name Function

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

- 22 -

2) Wiring diagram of expansion output interface is as follows:

Spare output

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

XT4 (

Spare output

Output expansion terminal block of machine tool)

Spare output

- 23 -

7. Analog Output

1) The analog output interface is defined as follows:

Line S/N Name Function

1 D AO UT 1 Analog voltage output ( 0V—12 V + )

2 D AO UT 2 Analog voltage output ( 0V—12 V + )

DAOUT1

DAOUT2

24VGND

Analog Output

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

1 6 2 7 3 8 4 9 5

24V- Provide internal24V grounding

2) Wiring diagram of analog output is as follows:

Connection of CNC4840 transducer

XS13 interface

CNC4840 (analog output) XS13 interface

DAOUT1

DAOUT2

24V-

24V24V-

CWF-S1 transducer

signal interface

VI1

Note: Choose either DAOUT1 or DAOUT2 to connect the transducer

- 24 -

1 IN63

0. 1

s h ift s w i tch

Hi gh

IN6 4

0. 0 1

s h ift s w i tch

Medi u m

IN6 5

0. 0 0 1

s h ift s w i tch

Low 4 IN6 0

Sta r t

-up 5

IN6 1

Stop

6 HA

Ha nd l e co d er p h ase

A i n pu t sig n al

24V-

In t er n a l

24V pow e r su p p ly

5V+ In t er n a l + 5 V powe r s u p ply

IN5 6

Sele c t

a x is

IN5 7

Sele c t Y a x is

IN5 8

Sele c t Z a x is

IN5 9

Sele c t A a x is

IN6 2

emer ge ncy stop

14 HB

Ha nd l e co d er p h ase

B i n put sign al

15 5V- In t er n a l

5V p ower sup p l y

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

8. Handheld box

Handheld box: Connected with our standard handheld box ADT-CNC4A, multiplexing with manual pulse

generator count and Y-axis coder

High

Medium

Low

Start

Definition of corresponding casing: Handheld box

Line S/N Name Function

Stop Emergency stop

Coder

- 25 -

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

9. Electrical Connection Diagram

Sign Name Chart Sign Name Chart

Breaker Servo motor

Contactor Stepper motor

Transducer Proximity switch

Motor Foot switch

Transformer Thermal relay

filter thermal relay

Fuse Switching power supply

Button Solenoid valve

Air blower compacitor

indicator resistor

Touch switch Go switch

Coder Relay

- 26 -

10. Legend of connection between CNC4840 and servo/stepper driver

QF1

L11

FU1

L13

KM1

L11

L21

L31

SB1(Green)

KM1

L12

L22

L32

L12

For power supply of servo driver

SB2(Red)

HL1

KM1

FM1

L22

Use 220V power supply when using 220V solenoid valve

Multi-segment control main

axis

KA21 KA22

KA23 KA24

COM

Power

indication

Frequency-changing

main axis

X1 X2 X3 X4

U V

QF2

QF3

Tran sducer

FWD

REV

VI1

GND

KA1

M03 COM M04

DAOUT1

24V-

KA2

Connect to XS13

60 V

15 V

AC 1

AC 2

+2 4

QF4

Filter

UC1

GN D1

+24V

For stepper driver

Use stepper

transformer when

using stepper motor

DC +

GN D1

Use 24V switching

power when using

For CNC4840

controller

24V solenoid valve

QF5

UC2

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

GND

GN D

+24V

FM2

- 27 -

Air blower

(Optional)

interface

motor

XS7

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

Input of power supply Input of signal Output of driver

X-axis Servo Motor Driver

Driver

X-axis Servo

Coder

Example 1: Connection with JaBao QS5 driver

- 28 -

interface

motor

XS7

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

Input of power supply Input of signal Output of driver

X-axis Servo Motor Driver

Driver

X-axis Servo

Coder

Example 2: Connection with SGDM driver

- 29 -

interface

XS7

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

X-axis Stepper Motor Driver

X-axis Stepper Motor

Example 3: Connection with Q2BYG1106M stepper driver

- 30 -

XS7

interface

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

X-axis Stepper Motor Driver

X-axis Stepper Motor

Example 4: Connection with Q2BYG808M stepper driver

- 31 -

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

Chapter II Programming

G code programming

1.1 Basic knowledge of programming

1.1.1

Mo v i ng di r ec t io n a nd d e fini tion o f contr o l axi s

+ Z

+ Y

+ X

W o rk p i e c e

P e d e s ta l

-Y w

rk b

This system can control the quick move of 4 axes, and the feeding can control interpolation of 3 axes.

For the definition of axis direction, Cartesian coordinates is adopted, as follows (facing the machine

tool):

Z: If the tool moves up and down corresponding to the work piece, it is the Z-axis motion. If the tool

moves upward, it is Z-axis positive motion; and if the tool moves downwards, it is the Z-axis negative

motion.

X: If the tool moves left and right corresponding to work piece, it is the X-axis motion. If the tool moves

left, it is the X-axis negative motion; and if the tool moves right, it is the X-axis positive motion.

Y: If the tool moves forward and backward corresponding to work piece, it is the Y-axis motion. If the

tool moves forward, it is the Y-axis positive motion; and if the tool moves backward, it is the Y-axis

negative motion.

Spindle: When downward looking the work piece, clockwise rotation is the positive rotation while the

anti-clockwise is the reverse rotation.

- 32 -

A, B, C: The positive direction of rotating coordinate axis is at the positive direction of X, Y, or Z

coordinate axis respectively. Use the forwarding direction of right-hand screw to determine the positive

direction.

Note: Descriptions of X, Y, Z, A, B, or C-axis motions in this user manual always refer to those motions of tool

corresponding to the work piece, meaning that it is supposed the coordinate system of work piece is set.

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

1.1.2

Co o r dina te s ys tem o f m a chine to o l and wo r k pi ece (G5 3 , G54 ~ G5 99)

1) Coordinate system of machine tool

The coordinate system of machine tool is fixed, which is set every time when returning back to the reference point after electrifying. To choose the coordinate system of machine tool, use the G53 instruction.

２) Coordinate system of work piece

Coordinate system of work piece refers to that used during the programming processing, and that in which a certain reference center of work piece is set as the origin of coordinates. Usually, when programmers start to edit the programme, they do not know exactly where the work piece is located on the machine tool, so the program for work piece is edited taking a certain point on the work piece as the reference point. Therefore, the coordinate system formed basing on this reference point is called as coordinate system of work piece. Once the work piece is fixed on the worktable, first you should move the tool to the appointed reference point of work piece and set the machine coordinate value of this point as the origin of work piece coordinate system. In this way, when the system is performing the processing program, the tool will then process according to the program instructions while taking the work piece coordinate system as the reference. Therefore, the origin off-set function is very important for CNC machine tool.

In this system, all together 6 work piece coordinate systems can be preset (Nine expansion

coordinate systems G591-G599 are added in new edition). Set the offset of origin of each work piece coordinate system corresponding to the origin of machine tool coordinate system, and then use G5X (5X refers to the No. of actual work piece coordinate system, the following is just the same) instruction to choose. G5X are mode instructions, and are corresponding to 1#~6# preset work piece coordinate systems respectively.

Mechanical reference point

Work piece

coordinate system4

Work piece coordinate

system1

Work piece

coordinate

system5

Work piece coordinate system2

Work piece

coordinate

system6

Work piece coordinate

system3

- 33 -

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

3) Programming of absolute coordinate and relative coordinate (G90, G91)

Tool motion instructions include: Absolute value instruction and increment value instruction. In absolute value instruction, the specified value is the coordinate value of end point in the current coordinate system. In increment value instruction, the specified value is the distance of all coordinate axes moving corresponding to the starting point.

G90………Absolute value instruction

G91………Increment value instruction

Instance:

E n d p oin t

120.0

40.0

20.0 90.0

A bs olu te va lu e i n s tr u cti on p ro gr am m in g:

G 9 0 X 20 . Y 12 0. ；

In cr e m en t v alu e ins tru ctio n

p ro gr am m ing :

G 9 1 X -7 0 . Y 80 .；

S tar ti ng po in t

From the above instance, we can better understand the programming in mode of absolute value and increment value.

1.1.3

Mode function a nd modeles s function

Mode function refers to that once a code is specified in the current program segment, it will be valid

until another code of the same group appears in the segment, and you need not specify the code if it this instruction is used again in the next program segment.

Modeless function refers to that a certain code is valid only in the program segment which it belongs

to. If the instruction is used in the next program segment, you should specify the code again.

For example:

N0 G54 G0 X0 Y0; (choose the work piece coordinate system, locate to X0 Y0 quickly) N1 G01 X150. Y25. F100; (linear interpolation to X150, Y25) N2 X50. Y75. F120; (linear interpolation to X50, Y75; G01 is the mode instruction, and can be

omitted.)

N3 X0; (linear interpolation to X0, Y75; F120 is the mode instruction, and can be omitted.)

1.1.4 Feed function

The feed of CNC machine tool can generally be divided into two classes, quick locating feed and

cutting feed.

Quick locating feed occurs in the motion between quick feed and location in mode of instruction G00, manual quick move and fixed cycle, and the speed is determined by machine tool parameters. In quick locating feed, the motion of each involved axis is not related, which is moved at the set quick speed. Generally, the track of tool is a polyline or line.

Cutting feed occurs in the processing feed in mode of G01, G02/03, and fixed cycle, and the speed is specified by address F, unit in mm/minute. In processing program, F is the value of a mode, which means that the former F value is still valid before specifying a new F value. As the CNC system is electrified, the value of F is then specified by the system parameter. The involved axes are of the interpolation relationship, and the combination of their motion is the cutting feed.

The maximum value of F is controlled by system parameters. If the F of programming is larger than

this value, the actual speed of cutting feed will be retained as this value.

- 34 -

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

The speed of cutting feed can also be controlled by the feed rate switch on control panel. The actual

speed is the result of given value of F multiplying the feed rate, and the range of rate is 10%-150%.

1.1.5 Program structure

In processing program, an English letter is defined as an instruction address. In this manual, we call it “Address” for short. An instruction word is formed if the address is followed with a number. A program segment is composed by one or more instruction words, and ended with an end mark “;”, and several program segments will make a process program. Instruction word is the basic unit of program segment. Each address has different meanings, which as a result that the value that follows would have different formats and ranges. Refer to the following table:

Function Address Range Meaning

Name of program O

No. of program segment N

Preparation function G

X, Y, Z

Dimension

Feeding speed F

Spindle rotation speed S

Tool selection T

Auxiliary functions M

Tool off-set No. H, D

Pause time P, X

Specify subprogram No. P

Cycle times P, L

I, J, K

1~9999 Program No.

1~9999 Order number

00~99 Specify CNC function

±99999.999mm Coordinate value

±99999.999mm Radius of circular arc or fillet

±9999.9999mm Coordinate value of center

1~100,000mm/minute Feeding speed

1~4000 cycles per minute Value of spindle rotation speed

0~99 Tool number

0~99 Auxiliary function M-code No.

1~200 Specify off-set No. of tool

0~65s Pause time (mm)

1~9999 For calling subprogram

1~999 For calling subprogram

P: 0~99999.999

Parameter P, Q, R

Q: ±99999.999mm R: ±99999.999

Fixed loop parameter

- 35 -

In addition, a program segment can have an optional program segment number (N××××) at the beginning to mark it. It has to be noted that the sequence of program segment executed has something to do with their positions in program memory, but has nothing to do with their segment numbers, which means that if N20 program segment appears ahead of N10 program segment, the N20 will be executed first.

If a program segment is started with “/”, it means the program segment is “if” program segment, meaning when the jump switch is at up position, this program segment is not executed, and when the jump switch is at down position, this program segment can still be executed.

1) Main program and subprogram

Processing program is divided into main program and subprogram. Generally, the NC executes the instructions of main program, but it turns to subprogram when there is a subprogram calling instruction. It executes the subprogram until it meets the return instruction and get back to main program.

If we need to run the same track for several times, we can edit this segment of track as subprogram

and save it in program memory of machine tool so that every time when you execute this segment of track in program, you can call this subprogram.

When a main program is calling a subprogram, this subprogram can also call another subprogram;

we call this as double nesting of subprogram. Generally, a machine tool is allowed to have at most quadruple subprogram nesting. In instruction of calling subprogram, you can execute the called subprogram repeatedly for as many as 999 times.

One subprogram should be in a format as follows:

O××××; No. of subprogram

…………;

…………; content of subprogram

…………;

M99; Return to main program

At the beginning of program, there should be a subprogram number specified by the address O.

Instruction M99 for returning main program is essential at the end. M99 does not have to be in an individual program segment, as the end of subprogram, the following program segment also works:

G90 G00 X0 Y100. M99;

In main program, the program segment for calling subprogram should contain the following content:

M98 PЧЧЧЧЧЧЧ;

Here, the later four digits of numbers behind P are used to specify the program number of called subprogram, and the front three digits are used to specify the repetition time of calling.

M98 P51002; Call No. 1002 subprogram for 5 times M98 P1002; Call No. 1002 subprogram for 1 time M98 P50004; Call No. 4 subprogram for 5 times

Subprogram call instruction and motion instruction can be in the same program segment:

G90 G00 X75. Y50. Z53. M98 P40035;

This program segment instructs X, Y, and Z axes to move to the specified position at quick locating feed speed, and then call and execute No. 35 subprogram for 4 times.

Different from other M codes, M98 and M99 do not send signal to machine tool side when they are executed.

NC will give out alarm if program No. specified by address P is not detected.

The subprogram cannot call M98 in MDI mode. If it’s required to call a subprogram individually, you can edit the following program in editing mode, and then execute it in auto run mode.

O×××;

M98 P××××;

M30;

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

- 36 -

EIA

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

2) End of program

At the end of program when there are following codes, it means it’s the end of program.

ISO Meaning

M30

M99

M30 LF The program ends and returns to

the beginning of program.

M99 LF End of subprogram

If such end code as above is detected when executing the program, the program will be stopped and

changed to reset status. If it is M30 CR or M30 LF, it will return to the beginning of the program (in auto way). If it is at the end of subprogram, it returns to the program that calls the subprogram.

3) End of file

ISO Meaning

ER % End of program

Note: If there is no M30 at the end of program but ER(EIA) or %(ISO) is executed, CNC will be

changed to reset status.

1.2 Preparatory function (G code)

1.2.1 List of G codes

G code Group

G00 01 Positioning (Quick move)

G01 Linear interpolation (Cutting feed) G02 Circular interpolation CW(Clockwise)

G03 Circular interpolation CCW(Anti-clockwise) G04 00 Pause, warrant stop G17 02 XY plane selection

G18 ZX plane selection

G19 YZ plane selection G20 06 Imperial data input

G21 Metric data input G28 00 Return to reference point

G29 Return from reference point *G40 07 Tool radius compensation cancellation

G41 Left tool radius compensation

G42 Right tool radius compensation G43 08 Positive tool length offset

G44 Negative tool length offset

*G49 Tool length offset cancellation *G54 05 Work piece coordinate 1

G55 Work piece coordinate 2

G56 Work piece coordinate 3

G57 Work piece coordinate 4

G58 Work piece coordinate 5

G59 Work piece coordinate 6

G591 Expansion work piece coordinate 7 G592 Expansion work piece coordinate 8 G593 Expansion work piece coordinate 9 G594 Expansion work piece coordinate 10 G595 Expansion work piece coordinate 11 G596 Expansion work piece coordinate 12 G597

Function

Expansion work piece coordinate 13

- 37 -

G598 Expansion work piece coordinate 14 G599 Expansion work piece coordinate 15

G65 00

G73 09 Fixed cycle of deep hole drilling

G74 Fixed cycle of reverse-screw tapping

G76 Fixed cycle of precision boring

*G80 Fixed cycle of cancellation

G81 Fixed cycle of drilling

G82 Fixed cycle of drilling

G83 Fixed cycle of deep hole drilling G84 Fixed cycle of tapping G85 Fixed cycle of precision boring G86 Fixed cycle of precision boring G87 Fixed cycle of reverse precision boring G88 Fixed cycle of precision boring G89 *G90 03 Absolute value programming

G91 Increment value programming G98 10 Return to original plane from fixed cycle

G99 Return to R point plane from fixed cycle

Macro program instruction (4340 is not developed yet, testing edition)

Fixed cycle of precision boring

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

Note: Item with * is the default mode value of all groups of G codes for the system.

1.2.2 Interpolation (G00, G01, G02, G03)

1) Quick positioning (G00) Format :

G00 X

value according to the mode value of G90 or G91

G00 instruction is used to allow each axis to move to the appointed position at the set quick move speed. The motion of each axis is not related, which means that the track of tool is a line or a polyline. Under the G00 instruction, the speed of all axes: X, Y, and Z axes are moved at speed set by parameters, which is not controlled by the current F value. When all motion axes arrive at end point, the CNC will consider it as the end of program segment and turn to execute the next one.

Example of G00 program: Starting point is X-50, Y-75. ; instruction G00 X150. Y25.; and the tool will move in track as

follows:



Y_Z_:



Y_Z_ ;

coordinate value, determine whether it is absolute position value or increment position

E nd p oi nt

S tar tin g po in t

- 38 -

End point of N2 program segment

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

2) Linear interpolation (G01) Format:

G01 XY_Z_F_;

Y_Z_ :



G90 or G91 at that time

refer to as the coordinate value, it is absolute value or increment value according to the status of

F : Speed

G01 instruction enables the current interpolation mode to be linear interpolation. The tool moves from the current position to position appointed by IP, and the track is a line. F specifies the speed of tool moving along the line, unit in mm/min.

Example of G01 program:

Suppose the current tool is at X-50. Y-75., the following program segment will allow the tool to

move in track as the following picture:

N1 G01 X150. Y25. F100 ;

N2 X50. Y75.;

End point of N1 program segment

Starting point

3) Circular interpolation (G02/G03)

The following instructions can allow the tool to move along the circular track:

In X--Y plane

G17 { G02 / G03 } X__ Y__ { ( I__ J__ ) / R__ } F__ ;

In X--Z plane

G18 { G02 / G03 } X__ Z__ { ( I__ K__ ) / R__ } F__ ;

In Y--Z plane

G19 { G02 / G03 } Y__ Z__ { (J__ K__ ) / R__ } F__ ;

S/N

1 Plane selection

2 Direction of circular arc

5 Feed rate F the speed moving along the circular arc

Content Instruction Meaning

G17 Specify the circular interpolation on X--Y plane G18 Specify the circular interpolation on Z--X plane G19 Specify the circular interpolation on Y--Z plane G02 CW circular interpolation G03 CCW circular interpolation

End point

position

Distance between starting

point and center

Radius of circular arc R Radius of circular arc

G90 mode Instruction of 2 axes among

X, Y, Z

G91 mode Instruction of 2 axes among

X, Y, Z Instruction of 2 axes among I, J, K

coordinate value of end point in current work piece coordinate system Distance from starting point to end point (with direction) Distance from starting point to center (with direction)

Here, the direction of circular arc, for X--Y plane, is that when viewing the plane from positive to

negative of Z axis. Likewise, for X-Z or Y-Z plane, the viewing direction should be from the positive of Y or X to the negative of Y or X (applicable to right handed coordinate system, as follows).

- 39 -

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

The end point of circular arc is determined by address X, Y, and Z. In G90 mode (absolute value mode), address X, Y, and Z give the coordinate value of end point of circular arc at the current coordinate system. In G91 mode (increment value mode), address X, Y, and Z give the distance between the current point of tool to end point at the direction of each coordinate axis.

In X direction, address I gives the distance from current point of tool to center. In Y and Z directions, this distance is specified by address J and K. The sign of I, J, and K values is determined by their motion directions.

To program a segment of circular arc, other than using specified end point and center positions, we can also use specified radius and end point position, use address R to specify the radius value, replacing the address to specify center position. Positive R value is used to program a circular arc of less than 180˚, and a negative R value is to program a circular arc of more than 180˚. To program a circle, you can only use the method of specified center.

The track in above picture is programmed in absolute value mode and increment value mode

respectively:

(1) Absolute value mode

G00 X200.0 Y40.0 Z0; G90 G03 X140.0 Y100.0 I-60.0

F300.0;

G02 X120.0 Y60.0 I-50.0;

G00 X200.0 Y40.0 Z0 ; G90 G03 X140.0 Y100.0 R60.0 F300.0 ; G02 X120.0 Y60.0 R50.0 ;

(2) Incremental mode

G91 G03 X-60.0 Y60.0 I-60.0 F300.0; G02 X-20.0 Y-40.0 I-50.0 ;

G91 G03 X-60.0 Y60.0 R60.0 F300.0 ; G02 X-20.0 Y-40.0 R50.0;

The feed speed of circular interpolation is specified by F, and it is the speed the tool moves along the

circular arc at tangent direction.

- 40 -

1.2.3 Pause instruction (G04)

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

Purpose: produce a pause between two program segments

Format: G04 P-

G04 X-

Address P specifies the pause time, if there is no decimal, the minimum unit for instruction is 0.001s. Address X specifies the pause time, if there is no decimal, the minimum unit for instruction is 1s. For example: G04 P 1000: pause 1000 milliseconds, equal to 1s

G04 X 1: pause 1s

1.2.4 Plane selection (G17, G18, G19)

This group of instructions is to choose the plane on which the circular interpolation and tool radius

compensation are done. The methods are as follows:

G17………select XY plane G18………select ZX plane G19………select YZ plane

If G17, G18, and G19 are in program segment without instruction, the plane does not change.

For example:

G18 X_ Z_ ; ZX plane

X_ Y_ ; plane does not change (ZX plane)

In addition, moving instruction is not related to the plane selection. For example, under the following instruction, Z axis is not on XY plane and Z axis movement has nothing to do with XY plane.

G17 Z_ ;

For related instructions for plane selection, please refer to the relevant contents of circular

interpolation and tool compensation instructions.

1.2.5 Instructions of Coordinate System (G53~G59, G591~G599, G92)

1) Machine tool coordinates (G53) Format: G53 X

Y_Z_:



coordinate system specified by IP_ at quick feed speed. If the instruction is executed in G91 mode, the tool is moved at the increment value of selected coordinate system. G53 instruction is a modeless instruction, which means that it works only in the current program segment.

set by the parameters. Without any special explanation, the reference points of all axes and the origin of machine tool coordinate system are coincided.

2) Preset work piece coordinate system (G54~G59, G591~G599)

Preset offset of 1# work piece coordinate system: X-150.000 Y-210.000 Z-90.000

the absolute coordinate value or relative position

If the instruction is executed in G90 mode, the tool moves to the coordinate of machine tool

The distance between origin of machine tool coordinate system and the reference point is

According to the clamp position of work piece on machine tool, the system can preset as many as 6 work piece coordinate systems (9 coordinate systems for new edition). Set the offset of each origin of work piece coordinate system from that of machine tool coordinate system via the LCD panel, and then use the G54~G59, G591~G599 instructions to choose them. G54~G59, G591~G599 instructions are mode instructions, and they are corresponding to 1#~5# preset work piece coordinate systems respectively, as the following shows:

Y_Z_;



- 41 -

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

Preset offset of 4# work piece coordinate system: X-430.000 Y-330.000 Z-120.000

Coordinate value of end

Content of program segment

N1 G90 G54 G00 X50. Y50.; X-100, Y-160 Select 1# coordinate system, and quick

N2 Z-70.; Z-160 N3 G01 Z-72.5 F100; Z-160.5 Linear interpolation, F is 100 N4 X37.4; X-112.6 (Linear interpolation) N5 G00 Z0; Z-90 Quick positioning N6 X0 Y0 A0; X-150, Y-210 N7 G53 X0 Y0 Z0; X0, Y0, Z0 Select machine tool coordinate system N8 G57 X50. Y50. ; X-380, Y-280 Select 4# coordinate system N9 Z-70.; Z-190 N10 G01 Z-72.5; Z-192.5 Linear interpolation, F is 100

N11 X37.4; X392.6 N12 G00 Z0; Z-120 N13 G00 X0 Y0 ; X-430, Y-330

point at the machine tool coordinate system

Explanation

positioning

(mode value)

Seen from the above examples, we got to know that the purpose of G54~G59 instructions is to move the origin of coordinate system used by NC to the coordinate of preset value in machine tool coordinate system. For presetting methods, please refer to the operation parts of this manual.

Switch on the machine and return to the origin of machine tool, the workpiece coordinate systems 1~6 are then created. G54 is the initial mode when electrified. The absolute position is the coordinate value of current coordinate system.

In NC programming of machine tool, except otherwise specified, the IP in interpolation instructions and other instructions related to coordinate value refers to the coordinate position in current coordinate system (the coordinate system used when the instructions are executed). In most conditions, the current coordinate system is one of that of G54~G59. It is rare to use the machine tool coordinate system directly.

- 42 -

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

3) Programmable work piece coordinate system (G92) Format: (G90) G92 X_Y_Z_ ;

This instruction builds a new work piece coordinate system, in which the coordinate value of

current point where the tool is located is the value of IP_ instruction. G92 instruction is a modeless instruction, but the work piece coordinate system built by this instruction is of mode type. Actually, this instruction also gives an offset indirectly, which is the coordinate value of origin of new work piece coordinate system in original one. Viewed from functions of G92, we know that the offset is the difference of tool coordinate value in original work piece coordinate system and the IP_ instruction value. If G92 instruction is used for many times, the offset will be added for each using of G92 instruction. For each preset work piece coordinate system (G54~G59), this added offset is valid.

New coordinate system of parts is set by using the above instructions, for example, the coordinate value of tool tip is IP_. Once the coordinate is confirmed, the position of absolute value instruction is the coordinate value of this coordinate system.

Tool

As the picture shows, take the tool tip as the starting point of program, and start G92 instruction at the beginning of program.

Reference point As the picture shows, take a reference point on

tool holder as the tool start point, and start G92 instruction at the beginning of program. If moved in accordance with absolute value instruction in program, the reference point will move to the specified position. Tool length compensation should be added and the value is the distance between reference point and tool tip.

Use G92 X600.0 Z1200.0 instruction to set the coordinate system (take a reference point on tool holder as the tool start point).

Note: a. If G92 is used in tool offset to set the coordinate system, the tool length compensation is the

coordinate system set by G92 before adding tool offset.

b. For tool radius compensation, tool offset should be cancelled when using G92 instruction.

For example:

Preset offset of 1# work piece coordinate system: X-150.000 Y-210.000 Z-90.000 Preset offset of 4# work piece coordinate system: X-430.000 Y-330.000 Z-120.000

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Content of program segment

Coordinate value of end point at the machine tool coordinate system

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

Explanation

N1 G90 G54 G00 X0 Y0 Z0; X-150, Y-210, Z-90

N2 G92 X70. Y100. Z50.; X-150, Y-210, Z-90

N3 G00 X0 Y0 Z0; X-220, Y-310, Z-140

N4 G57 X0 Y0 Z0; X-500, Y-430, Z-170

N5 X70. Y100. Z50.; X-430, Y-330, Z-120 Position quickly to the origin

Choose 1# coordinate system and position quickly to the origin

Tool does not move, build up new coordinate system, and the coordinate value of current point in new coordinate system is X70, Y100, Z50

Quick position to the origin of new coordinate system

Choose 4# coordinate system and position quickly to the origin (offset)

4) Local coordinate system (G52)

G52 can build a local coordinate system, which is equal to sub coordinate system of G54~G59

coordinate systems.

Format: G52 X_Y_Z_ ;

In this instruction, IP_ gives a offset relatively to the current G54~G59 coordinate system, which means that IP_ specifies the position coordinate of origin of local coordinate system in the current G54~G59 coordinate system, even when a G52 instruction has created a local coordinate system before the G52 instruction is executed. It is also very simple to cancel the local coordinate system, just use the G52 IP0.

1.2.6 Reference point related instructions (G27, G28, G29)

The establishment of machine tool coordinate system is done by operation of returning to reference point every time when NC is electrified. Reference point is a fixed point on machine tool, and its position is determined by the mounting position of block switches of all axes and the origin position of all axes servo motor. After the machine tool returned to reference point, the coordinate value of reference point in machine tool coordinate system is X0, Y0, Z0.

Return to reference point automatically (G28)

Format: G28 IP_;

This instruction makes the instruction axis return to reference point of machine tool through the

intermediate point specified by IP at quick positioning feed rate. The intermediate point can be specified in absolute value mode or increment value mode, which is determined by the current mode. Generally, this instruction is used to move the work piece out of the processing area after the program with the purpose of offloading the done parts and feeding the parts waiting to be processed.

When executing G28 instruction before returning to reference point manually, the motion from

intermediate point for each axis is the same as that of returning to reference point manually, and the direction of motion from the intermediate point is positive.

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The coordinate value in G28 instruction is saved by NC as intermediate point. On the other hand,

if an axis is not included in G28 instruction, the intermediate point coordinate value of this axis saved by NC will use the previous value specified in G28 instruction.

For example: N0010 X20.0 Y54.0; N0020 G28 X-40.0 Y-25.0; Coordinate value of intermediate point (-40.0,-25.0) N0030 G28 Z31.0; Coordinate value of intermediate point (-40.0,-25.0,31.0)

The coordinate value of intermediate point is mainly used by G29 instruction.

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

(Reference point)



Note:

In tool offset mode, tool offset is also effective to G27 instruction. For the safety, it is usually to

cancel the tool offset (radius offset and length offset) before executing G28 instruction.

Return from reference point automatically (G29) Format: G29 IP-;

This instruction makes the instruction axis return from reference point through the intermediate point to appointed position at quick positioning feed rate. The position of intermediate point is determined by previous G28 instruction. Generally, this instruction is used after G28 when the instructed axis is located at reference point or the second reference point.

In increment value mode, the instruction value is the distance between intermediate point and end point (instruction position).

G28, G29 application examples:

(Reference point)

Change tool in Point R

Intermediate point

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ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

G28 X1300.0 Y700.0 ; (program of A→B) ……………………… G29 X1800.0 Y300.0 ; (program of B→C) The above examples clearly show that in program, it is not required to calculate the detailed

movement from the intermediate point to reference point.

Note: when changing the coordinate system of parts after passing through the intermediate point to reference point via the G28 instruction, the intermediate point is also moved to the new coordinate system. After that, when execute the G29 instruction, the positioning is done in appointed position via intermediate point in new coordinate system.

Reference point return check (G27)

Format: G27 IP_;

This instruction makes the instruction axis move to the position specified by IP at quick positioning feed rate, and then checks whether the point is the reference point. If so, send out complete signal for the return of reference point of this axis (light the indicator for reference point arrives). If not, send out an alarm and stop the program.

1.2.7 Tool compensation (G40, G41, G42, G43, G44, G49)

1) Tool radius compensation

The tool has a size (length, diameter). When processing a part of certain shape, the moving track of

tool will be different due to the difference of tool. If the size data of tool is preset in CNC, the tool track will then be generated by CNC automatically in the same program, even for different tools. The tool size data are called as compensation amount (or offset).

the first tool

processing shape

the second tool

compensation amount of first tool

compensation amount of second tool

As the following picture, use the tool of radius R to cut work piece A, the central path of tool is B,

and the distance between B and A is R. tool leaves a certain distance away from work piece A, this is

called as compensation. The programmers build work programs with the tool radius compensation

mode. During the processing, they determine the tool radius and set it in CNC, and the tool path will be

changed to compensation path B.

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ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

Tool compensation central path

Vector

Compensation and

2) Compensation amount (D code)

This system can set as many as 18 D00-D18 compensations. Compensation refers to the two digits

after the D code in program. The compensation should be set in [Tool compensation] menu.

The range of compensation is set as follows:

Input in mm Input in inch

Compensation 0-±999.999mm 0-±999.999inch

3) Compensation vector

The compensation vector is the 2-dimensional vector, equal to the compensation specified by D code. The calculation of compensation vector is done within the control unit, and in every program segment its direction is changed according to the tool path. This compensation vector is done in control unit so that it is convenient to calculate how much compensation should be given for the tool movement. Compensation path (central track of tool) is the result of programming path adding or subtracting (determined by compensation direction) the tool radius.

Compensation vector is always related to the tool. During the programming, it is very important to

know the status of vector.

4) Plane selection and vector

Calculation of compensation is done in plane selected by G17, G18, and G19, which is called compensation plane. For example, when choosing XY plane, the program uses (X, Y) or (I, J) to execute the compensation calculation and vector calculation. The coordinate value of axis not in compensation plane is not influenced.

When using controller of three axes at the same time, only the tool path projected to the compensation plane is compensated.

The change of compensation plane should be done after canceling the compensation mode. If it is

done in compensation mode, the system will give an alarm and the machine will stop at the same time.

G code Compensation plane G17 X-Y plane G18 Z-X plane G19 Y-Z plane

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ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

5) G40, G41 and G42

Use G40, G41, and G42 instructions to cancel or execute the tool radius compensation vector. These instructions are combined with G00, G01, G02, and G03 instructions, defining a mode to determine the value of compensation vector, direction, and the moving direction of tool.

G code Function G40 Cancel tool radius compensation G41 Tool radius left compensation G42 Tool radius right compensation

G41 or G42 allows the system to enter the compensation mode, and the G40 allows the system to

cancel the compensation mode.

the compensation program is as follows:

40.0

R40.0

O0007 ;

G0G40G49G80G90;

G0 X0 Y0;

R20

N1 G91 G17 G00 G41 Y20.00 D07 ;

N2 G01 Y40.00 F25.00:

N3 X40.00 Y30.00:

N4 G02 X40.00 Y-40.00 R40.00:

N5 X-20.00 Y-20.00 R20.00:

N6 G01 X-60.00:

N7 G40 Y-20.00:

N8 M30

Program segment (1) is called as start-up, and the G41 instruction in this segment turns the

compensation cancellation mode to compensation mode. In the end of this segment, the tool center is

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compensated at the direction of tool radius perpendicular to the next program path. The tool

compensation is specified by D07, which means the compensation number is set as 7, and the G41

represents the tool path left compensation.

6) Details of tool radius compensation C

This section is to describe the tool radius compensation C in details. a. Cancellation mode

when the system is electrified/reset or the program has executed M02, M30 instructions, the

system is in tool compensation cancellation mode.

Vector in this mode is always 0, and the central path of tool and the programming path are consistent. In cancellation mode, G40 should be specified before the end of program.

b. Starting compensation

In cancellation mode, the system enters the compensation mode when the program segment satisfying the following conditions starts to run.

 Contain G41 or G42 instruction, or control to enter the G41 or G42 mode  Offset number of tool compensation is 0.  For the movement of any axis (except I, J, K) on compensation plane, the movement should not

be zero.

In program segments at the beginning of compensation, there should be no circular instruction G02 and G03; otherwise, it will have an alarm (P/S34). In the starting segment of compensation, read into two program segments, the first one of which is read and executed, and the second one is read into the tool compensation buffer area.

Read into two program segments in single program segment mode, execute the first one, and then

stop.

In continuous execution, it is usually pre-read into two program segments, so there are three program segments in CNC. One is the program segment being executed, and the other two as below are entering into the buffer area.

Note: the definition of following common glossaries “inside” and “outside” is that: when the inclination at the crossing point of two moving program segments is larger or equal to 180°, it is called as “inside”, and when the inclination is within 0-180°, it is called as “outside” (see the following picture):

Work piece side

Inside

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

Outside

Program path

Work piece side

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Move along the inside of corner (a≥180°)

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

(i): Line →Line

Program path

r: compensation

L: Tool center path

In the following picture, the meanings of SL and C are: S: Single block stop point L: Line C: Circular arc

(b) Move along the outside of corner at obtuse angle (180°>a≥90°)

(ii): Line → Circular arc

Tool center path

Program path

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ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

(i): Line →Line

Program path

L: Tool center path

(i): Line →Line

Program path

Tool center path

(ii): Line → Circular arc

Tool center path

Program path

Tool center path

Program path

(d) Move along the outside of corner at less than 1°, line →line (a<1°)

Tool center path

Program path

a<1°

c. Compensation mode

In compensation mode, if you do not appoint two or more non-moving instructions (auxiliary function or pause, etc.) continuously, the compensation will be executed properly; otherwise, there will be over cutting or short of cutting. Compensation plane cannot be modified when in compensation mode; otherwise, it will give out alarm and the tool will stop.

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Move along the inside of corner (a≥180°)

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

(i) Line →Line

Program path

Crossing point

Tool center path

(iii) Circular arc →Line

Program path

Tool center path

Crossing point

(v) processing <1° inside and enlarging compensation vector (I) Line →Line

Considering the following conditions with the same method (II) Circular arc →Line (III) Line →Circular arc (Iv) Circular arc →Circular arc

(ii) Line →Circular arc

Crossing point

Tool center path

(iv) Circular arc →Circular arc

Crossing point

Tool center path

Tool tip center path

Compensation vector

Program path

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(b) Move along the outside of corner at obtuse angle (180°>a≥90°) (i) Line →Line

Program path

Crossing point

Tool center path

(ii) Circular arc →Line

Program path

Crossing point

Tool center path

Program path

Crossing point

Tool center path

(ii) Line →Circular arc

(iv) Circular arc →Circular arc

(ii) Line →Circular arc

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

Program path

Tool center path

Program path

Tool center path

Program path

Tool center path

(iv) Circular arc →Line

Crossing point

Program path

Tool center path

(iv) Circular arc →Circular arc

Program path

Tool center path

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(d) special conditions

(i) end point of circular arc is not on circular arc

Supposed circular arc

Program path end point of circular arc

Extended line of circular arc

Center Tool center path

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

When the circular arc is not on end point, the extended line is as shown in the left picture. Suppose a circular arc comes across the end point, and the compensation takes the supposed circular arc as vector, the tool center path is different from the offset path while considering the extended line of circular arc.

(ii) when without crossing point

alarm and stop

when the compensation is huge

center of circular arc B

Center of circular arc A when the compensation is small program path

(iii) the center of circular arc is consistent with starting point of end point

stop

tool center path

program path

In the left picture when the tool radius is small, there will be a crossing point for the compensation path of circular arc. However, when the radius become bigger, the crossing point may disappear. The tool will stop at the end point of previous program segment and an alarm may occur.

As shown in the left picture, an alarm may occur and the tool will stop at the end point of previous program segment.

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ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

d. Compensation mode

In compensation mode, the system enters the compensation cancellation mode when the program satisfying any following conditions is executed, and the action of this program segment is called as compensation cancellation.

 Instruction G40

 The number of tool radius compensation is 0.

When executing the compensation cancellation, circular arc instruction (G03 and G02) cannot be

used; otherwise, it will give out an alarm (P/S34) and the tool will stop.

(a) Move along the inside of corner (a≥180°) (i) Line →Line

Program path

Tool center path

(II) Circular arc →Line

Program path

Tool center path

(b) Move along the inside of corne (90

(I) Line →Line

Program path

Tool center path

˚≤a≤

180°)

(II) Circular arc →Line

Program path

Tool center path

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(i) Line →Line

Program path

Tool center path

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

(II) Circular arc →Line

Program path

Tool center path

(d) Move along the outside of acute angle less than 1

˚, line

a<1˚

→line (a<1

Tool center path

Program path

˚ =

e. Change compensation direction in compensation mode Tool radius compensation G codes (G41 and G42) determine the direction of compensation. The sign

of compensation is as follows:

Sign of compensation G码

G41 Left compensation Right compensation

G42 Right compensation Left compensation

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tion vector

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

In special occasion, it is able to change the compensation direction in compensation mode, but it is unable to change the starting program segment and the later program segments. When changing the compensation direction, there is no way of saying inside and outside. The following compensation is supposed to be positive.

(i) Line →Line

Program path

Tool center path

(iii) Circular arc →Line

Tool center path

Program path

(II) Circular arc →Line

Program path

Tool center path

(iv) Circular arc →Circular arc

Tool center path

Program path

 If the compensation is executed normally, but there is no crossing point

When using G41 and G42 to change the offset direction from program segment A to B, if it is not

required to compensate the crossing point of path, make a vector at the starting point of program segment B that is vertical to program segment B.

 Line----Line

Program path

Tool center path

Program path

Tool center path

Single segment A

Compensa

Single segment A

Single segment B

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 Line----Circular arc

Program path

Single segment A

 Circular arc ---- Circular arc

Single segment A

Tool center path

Single segment B

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

Single segment B

The end point of circular

Program path

Tool center path

arc is not on circular arc

Center

 In tool radius compensation, when the length of tool center path is over a circle

Usually, this situation would not happen. However, when G41 and G42 are changed, or when I, J,

or K instruction G40 is used, this situation may happen.

Program path

At this time, the tool center path is not a circular arc but a section of arc between P1 and P2 In some conditions, it may give an alarm may because of affecting the check. If you want the tool to move along the circle, it should be instructed by segment.

f. Temporary compensation cancellation

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In compensation mode, if the following instructions are appointed, the compensation will be cancelled temporarily. The system will resume the compensation mode automatically later. For detailed operations, please refer to details of compensation cancellation and compensation starting.

 G28 returns to reference point automatically

In compensation mode, if it is instruction G28, the compensation will be cancelled at intermediate

point and the compensation mode is resumed automatically after the reference point is returned.

Intermediate point

Origin

 G29 returns from reference origin automatically

In compensation mode, if it is instruction G29, the compensation will be cancelled at intermediate

point, and the compensation mode will be resumed automatically in the next program segment.

When executing instruction immediately after G28

Intermediate point

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

If the instruction is not executed right after G28

Origin

Intermediate point

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path

g. Tool radius compensation G code in compensation mode

In compensation mode, when appointing tool radius compensation G code (G41, G42), it will form

a vector that may form right angle with previous program segment, and it is nothing to do with the processing inside and outside. However, if you appoint this G code in circular arc instruction, you will not get the correct circular arc.

When using tool radius compensation G (G41, G42) to change the compensation direction, please

refer to (5).

Line---line

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

G24 mode

Circular arc---line

G42 mode

h. Instructions for canceling compensation vector temporarily

In compensation mode, if G92 (absolute coordinate programming) is appointed, the compensation

vector will be cancelled. After that, the compensation vector will be resumed automatically.

It is different from compensation cancellation mode, the tool is moved from the crossing point

directly to instruction point of compensation vector cancellation. When resuming in compensation mode, the tool is also moved directly to the crossing point.

including G42 instruction program segment

including G42

point of intersection

tool center

point of intersection

G41 mode

Program path

G50 program segment N7

Note: SS represents the point when the tool stops twice in single segment mode.

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i. Program segment in which the tool does not move

There is no tool movement in the following program segments. In these segments, the tool would

not move even there is crossing point in tool radius compensation mode.

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

 Instructions at the beginning of compensation

If there is no tool movement for the instructions at the beginning of compensation, it will not generate the compensation vector.

M05:………………… M code output S21:………………… S code output G04 X10000:……… Pause

（

G17）Z100:……… No moving instruction in compensation plane Not move G90:………………… Only G code G01 G91 X0:………… Movement is 0

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

 Instructions in compensation mode

When only one program segment without tool movement is instructed in compensation mode, the vector and tool center path are the same as those when without this program segment.(refer to item (3) Compensation mode) At this time, the tool movement program segment is executed at the stop point of single program segment.

Program segment N7 is executed here

However, when the movement of program segment is 0, even only one program segment is

appointed, the tool is still as though having no moving instruction. This will be described in details later.

Two program segments without tool movement instructions should not be executed successively.

Otherwise, it will form a vector with length as compensation and the direction vertical to the moving direction of previous program segment, which will lead to the over cutting.

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moves to this position

center is

moved to X

Program segment N7 and N8 are executed here

Note: SSS means to operate tool using program segment and stop for 3 times.

 When instructing with compensation cancellation

When the program segment instructing with compensation cancellation does not have tool movement instruction, it will form a vector with length as compensation and the direction vertical to the moving direction of previous program segment, and the vector will be cancelled in the next moving instruction.

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

j. In compensation plane, a program segment contains G40 and I-J-K instructions.

 the previous program segment is G41 or G42

Suppose the CNC has instructed the end point of previous program segment to execute movement at I, J or K direction.

Use G40 program segment, the tool

N1 (G42 mode)

In G42 program segment, the tool

Program path

Note: the crossing point of tool path calculated by CNC has nothing to do with the appointed processing inside or outside.

Tool center path

Program path

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ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

When crossing point cannot be calculated, the tool at end point of previous program segment is moved to a position that is vertical to the previous program segment.

Tool center path

Program path

 If length of tool center path is over one circle

Tool center path

Program path

In the above picture, the tool center path is not moved along the circle but the circular arc from P1

to P2.

Under certain circumstances, it may as a result cause interference for the check and give an alarm (P/S41). This will be described later. (To move along the circle, the circular arc instruction should be separated.)

k. Corner moving

If there are two or more vectors at the end of a program segment, it means the tool is moved at

straight line from a vector to the other vector, which is called corner moving.

If these vectors are almost the same, the corner moving is not executed, and the later vector can be neglected.

This vector is neglected.

If Vx≤ V limit△ △

Vy≤ V limit△ △

If VX≤ V△ △ limit and VZ≤ V△ △ limit, the later vector is neglected. V△ limit uses the

parameter.

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If these vectors are inconsistent and generate a movement along the corner, this movement is the later program segment.

the move belongs to program segment N7, and therefore the feed rate is equal to that of program segment N7. If the program segment N7 is G00 mode, the tool is moved at quick feed rate. If it is G01, G02 or G03 mode, the tool is moved at cutting feed rate.

However, if the path of next program segment exceeds the half circle, the above functions are not

executed. The reason is that:

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

Program path

Tool center path

thIf the vector is not neglected, the tool path is as follows: P0→P1→P2→P3 (Circular arc)→P4→P5→P6→P7 But if the distance between P2 and P3 is neglected, the P3 will be neglected. The tool path is as follows: P0→P1→P2→P4→P5→P6→P7, circular arc cutting of program segment N6 is neglected.

l. Interference check

Over cutting of tool is called as “Interference”. Interference enable users to pre-check the over cutting of tool, but this function cannot check out all interferences. Interference check is also done even there is no over cutting.

 Basic conditions of interference

 The tool path direction is different from that of program path. (the inclination of paths is

90˚-270˚.)

 When processing circular arc, apart from the above conditions, the inclination of starting point

and end point of tool center path has a great difference from that of the program path (above 180˚)

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Example 1

Tool center path

Program path The difference of two path

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

directions is big (180˚)

Tool center path

Program path

The difference of two path directions is big (180˚)

Example 2

Tool center path

Program path

Center

(G41)

N5 G01 G91 X8000 Y2000 D01； N6 G02 Y-1600 X3200 12000 J-8000 D02； N7 G01 X2000 Y-5000： (H01 tool radius compensation r1=2000)

(H02 tool radius compensation r2=6000) In above examples, the circular arc in program segment N6 is within the first quadrant, but after the tool compensation, it is in the fourth quadrant.

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 Pretreatment of interference

 Interference incurred by vector movement

When tool compensation program segment A, B and C are executed, it will produce vector V1, V2,V3, and V4 between A and B, and V5, V6, V7, and V8 between B and C. First, check the latest vector. If there is interference, they will be cleared automatically. If the vector to be neglected is at the end of corner, they cannot be cleared.

Interference check: Between V4 and V5——Interference——V4, V5 cleared Between V3 and V6——Interference——V3, V6 cleared Between V2 and V7——Interference——V2, V7 cleared Between V1 and V8——Interference——V1, V8 cannot be cleared

If a vector has no interference during the check, the later vector is not checked. If the program

segment B is moved along circular arc, the vector interference will produce straight line movement.

(Example 1) tool moves from V1 to V8 in straight line

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

Tool center path

Program path

If you use the single

segment to stop tool at point

A, the tool center will be moved to V3.

V4, V5: interfere V3, V6: interfere V2, V7: interfere V1, V8: Not interfere

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(Example 2) Tool straight line movement is as follows: Tool path: V1→V2→VY→V8

Tool center path

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

Program path

If you use the single

segment to stop tool at

point A, the tool center will be moved to V3.

V4, V5: interfere V3, V6: interfere V2, V7: Not interfere

Then, start the operation

and move the tool to V7 or

V8.

 If there is still interference after treatment (1), the tool will stop and give an alarm. If interference occurs after

treatment (1) or there is only one vector at the beginning of the check, the tool will stop after the execution of previous program segment, and give an alarm (P/S41).

(If executed by single program segment, the tool will stop at the end of the program segment.)

Tool center path

Program path

V2, V5: interfere V1, V5: interfere

After the interference has neglected vector V2 and V5, the interference still occurs between V1 and V6. The alarm will be shown and the tool will be stopped immediately.

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 In fact, there is no interference, but doing the interference check

For example:

 Recess depth is smaller than compensation

Tool center path

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

Program path

Stop

Actually, there is no interference, but because the tool is in program segment B, the program direction is opposite to the path of tool radius compensation, the tool stops and shows an alarm.

 Depth of cut-off trench is smaller than compensation

As example (1), the direction of tool path is opposite to that of program path.

m. It is unable to execute compensation by MDI When using single segment to execute the stop during the auto execution of NC program (absolute instruction programming), insert the MD1 operation and then start the auto execution again. The tool path is as follows: At this time, transmit the vector of starting point of the next program segment, and generate other vectors according to the next two program segments. Therefore, compensation from point Pc could be executed properly.

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ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

When Pa, Pb, Pc are programmed by absolute instruction, use single segment to execute the stop

after the execution of program segment from Pa to Pb, and move the tool in MDI mode. Vector Vb1 and Vb2 are transferred to V b1‵ and V b2‵ , so vector Vc1 and Vc2 of Pb→Pc and Pc→Pd are calculated again.

However, because vector Vb2 does not have re-calculation, compensation can be executed correctly after the Pc point. n. Manual operation

For manual operation in tool tip radius compensation, please refer to the manual operation in operation chapter. o. If tool length compensation is executed in tool radius compensation, the compensation of tool radius is

regarded as the compensation change.

p. Notices for compensation

 Instruction compensation

D code is used to specify the compensation number. Once specified, H code is valid until another H

code is specified or the compensation is cancelled. Apart from specifying the compensation in tool radius compensation, H code can also be used to specify the offset of tool.

 Change compensation

Usually when changing tool, the compensation should be changed in cancellation mode. If compensation is changed in compensation mode, calculate the new compensation at the end point of program segment.

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ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

Positive/Negative of compensation, and tool center path

If the compensation is negative (-), the G41 and G42 in program are exchanged. If the tool center

moves along the outside of work piece, it will move along the inside, and vice versa.

Generally, the compensation is (+) when programming. When tool path is programmed as picture

(a), if the compensation is (-), the tool center movement is as picture (b), and vice versa. In this way, the same program can be cut into male or female type, and the gap between them can be adjusted by choosing the compensation. (applicable to the compensation start and cancellation is A type)

 Compensate over cutting by tool radius

 when processing by circular inside of smaller tool radius

When the corner radius is smaller than tool radius, the inside compensation of tool will produce

over cutting, giving the alarm. CNC stops at the starting position of single segment program.

Tool center path

Program

path

give an alarm and the operation is stopped

in single segment operation,

an alarm is given and the operation is stopped

If CNC does not stop, it will cause the over cutting

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ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

 when processing the cut-off trench smaller than radius of tool

Because the tool radius compensation forces the tool center path to move reversely to program path, it will then generate the over cutting.

Program path

If the operation does not stop, it will

cause the over cutting

 when p r oces s ing in c as e of se g ment differ enc e sma ller than t oo l r adiu s

If there is segment difference smaller than tool radius, use the circular processing instruction to process the segment difference, and the normal tool center path of compensation will be opposite to the program direction. At this time, neglect the compensation vector and the tool is moved to the second vector in straight line. The single program is stopped here. If it is not in single segment mode, the operation will continue. If the segment difference is a straight line, it will not give an alarm but executing the correct cutting, leaving the parts that are not cut.

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ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

 If the initial vector of tool is not neglected, it will generate the over cutting

It is usually at the beginning of processing and when the tool radius compensative is effective, the tool move along Z axis a certain distance away from the workpiece. In this situation, if you want to divide the move along Z axis into quick feed and cutting feed, please follow the procedures as follows:

Program segment N3 (Z axis moving instruction) is divided as

follows:

N1 G91G00X50000Y50000H01： N3 Z-250000： N5 G01Z-5000F1： N6 Y10000F2：

Moving instructions in N3 and N5

If the sele ct ed plane does not co ntain the two moving in s t ruc t io n pro gr am se g ment s, N6 ca nno t ent er t he buffer area and t he to ol cent er pat h is calculate d by N1 as t he a bo ve pictu r e sho ws. I f the c o mp ens a tion ve c to r is no t ca lcu lat ed a t t he beginning of compens a tio n, it will t hen g e ne r ate t he over cut ting. It is necessa r y to modify the abo v e example as fo llows :

Whe n ex e cu ting N1 , pr ogr a m s e gment N2 and N3 ente r t he buffer are a , and tak e advant age o f the r ela t io ns hip o f N1 a n d N2 to execut e t he cor rect co mpe ns a tion.

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N1 G91G00X50000Y40000H01： N2 Y1000： N3 G01Z-25000F1: N5 G01Z-5000F1： N6 Y10000F2: Moving instructions in N3 and N5

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

The moving

direction of instruction N2 is the same as

that of N6

Length compensation G43 G44 G49

G43 G43

Z_H_ or H_ G44 G44 In accordance with the above instruction, move the end position of Z axis an offset, and preset the

difference of supposed tool length in programming and actual used tool length in offset storage; therefore, it is not required to change the program, users just need to change the compensation value to use tool of different length to process the parts.

G43, G44 specify the different offset directions, with H code for specifying the offset number.

 Offset direction

G43: Positive offset G44: Negative offset

No matter it is absolute value instruction or increment value instruction, add the terminal coordinate

value of Z axis moving instruction in program with offset specified by H code while in G43, or deduct offset specified by H code while in G44, and then take the calculated result as the coordinate value of end point.

In case the Z axis movement is omitted, it can be taken as the following conditions. When the offset

is a positive value, G43 instruction is to move an offset in positive direction, and G44 is to move an offset in negative direction.

G43 G91 H_ G44 When the offset is a negative value, it is moved in reverse direction. G43, G44 are mode G codes, and are valid before encountering other G codes of the same group.

 Designation of offset

H code specifies the offset number, and the corresponding offset is added or deducted with moving

instruction value of Z axis in the program, forming the new Z axis moving instruction. The offset number can specify H00-H18.

Enter the cuter compensation menu, and preset the corresponding offset number in offset storage.

mm input Inch input

Offset 0~±999.999 0~±99.9999

Offset number 00, which means the corresponding offset of H00 is 0. The corresponding offset of

H00 cannot be set.

 Cancel cutter length compensation; use G49 or H00 to cancel the cutter compensation. After

G49 or H00 instruction, cancel the compensation immediately.

 Example of cutter length compensation

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ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

 Cutter length compensation (Processing #1, #2, and #3 holes)

Compensation

N1 G91 G00 X120.0 Y80.0 :…………………(1) N2 G43 Z-32.0 H01:……………………… (2) N3 G01 Z-21.0:…………………………… (3) N4 G04 P2000:…………………………… (4) N5 G00 Z21.0:…………………………… (5) N6 X30.0 Y-50.0 :………………………… (6) N7 G01 Z-41.0 :…………………………… (7) N8 G00 Z41.0 :…………………………… (8) N9 X50.0 Y30.0 :………………………… (9) N10 G01 Z-25.0 :………………………… (10) N11 G04 P2000 :………………………… (11) N12 G00 Z57.0 H00 :……………………… (12) N13 X-200.0 Y-60.0 :……………………… (13) N14 M30:

Note: When changing offset number to change the offset, it only changes for the new offset value, not adding new offset and old compensation value.

H01………………………Offset 20.0 H02………………………Offset 30.0 G90 G43 Z100 0 H01………Z moved to 120..0 G90 G43 Z100 0 H02………Z moved to 130.0

Actual position

Programmin

Offset-4.0

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ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

1.2.8 Hole processing cycle (G73~G89)

Fixed cycle of hole processing allows functions that should be done with many program segments in

other methods to be done in just one program segment. Table 7.1 lists all fixed cycles of hole processing. Generally, one fixed cycle of hole processing finishes the following 5 operations (see Picture 7.1):

1. X, Y axis quick positioning

2. Z axis positioned to R point quickly

3. Hole processing

4. Down-hole motion

5. Z axis returns to R point

6. Z axis returns to original point quickly

Table 7.1 Fixed cycle of hole processing

G code

G73 By times, cutting feed - Quick positioning feed High speed deep-hole

G80 - - - Cancel fixed cycle

G81 Cutting feed - Quick positioning feed Common drilling cycle

G82 Cutting feed Pause Quick positioning feed Drilling or rough boring

G83 By times, cutting feed - Quick positioning feed Deep hole drilling cycle

G84 Cutting feed Pause-Spindle reverse Cutting feed Right screw tapping

G85 Cutting feed - Cutting feed Boring cycle

G86 Cutting feed Spindle stop Quick positioning feed Boring cycle

G88 Cutting feed Pause-Spindle stop Manual Boring cycle

G89 Cutting feed Pause Cutting feed Boring cycle

Working Motion

(Z negative)

Down-hole motion

Return Motion

(Z positive)

Application

drilling

Picture 7.1

Original point

1. Positioning

2. Z axis

moves to R

point quickly

6. Z axis returns to original point quickly

3. hole

processing

5. Z axis returns to R point

4. hole

bottom

motion

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The instructions that influence the execution of instruction for hole processing fixed cycle include

G90/G91 and G98/G99 instructions. Picture 7.2(a) and 7.2(b) show the influence of G90/G91 on instruction for hole processing fixed cycle.

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

G90 (absolute value instruction)

Picture 7.2 (a)

Original point

R point

Z point

G98/G99 determines whether the fixed cycle returns to R point or the original point after the hole

processing. In G98 mode, Z axis returns to the original point after the hole processing, while in G99 mode, it returns to R point.

Generally, if the hole to be processed is on a flat plane, we can use G99 instruction, because in G99 mode, returning back to R point will perform the positioning of next hole. In general programming, R point is very close to the surface of work piece, which can shorter the time for processing the part. However, if the surface of work piece is higher than boss or bar of hole being processed, it is possible that the tool and work piece may collide if G99 is used. Therefore, G98 should be used to ensure that Z axis returns to original point and starts positioning the next hole. This way may be safer. See Picture 7.3 (a) and 7.3 (b).

G91 (Increment instruction)

Picture 7.2 (b)

Original point

R point

Z point

G99 (return to R point)

Picture 7.3 (a)

Original point

R point next hole positioning

Z point

Hole processing parameters are given after G73/G74/G76/G81~G89, and the format is:

G××X___ Y___ Z___ R___ Q___ P___ F___ K___ ;

G×× : Hole processing methods X___ Y___ Z___ : position parameters of hole being processed R___ Q___ P___ F___ : Processing parameters of hole

K___ : repeat time

G98 (return to original point)

Picture 8.3 (b)

Original point

Next hole positioning

R point

Z point

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Processing method G See table 7.1

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

Location parameter X, Y

Location parameter Z

Hole processing parameter R

Hole processing parameter Q

Hole processing parameter P

Hole processing parameter F

Repeat time K

Because the hole processing way specified by G×× is in mode way, the hole processing mode will continue if you do not change the current hole processing mode or cancel the fixed cycle. G instructing that uses G80 or 01 can cancel the fixed cycle. Hole processing parameters are also in mode way, it does not change before being changed or the fixed cycle is cancelled, even when the hole processing mode is changed. We can specify or change any of the hole processing parameters when specifying a fixed cycle or in any time when executing the fixed cycle. Repeat time K is not a mode value, it is only given when repeat is needed. Feed rate F is a mode value, which could be retained even when the fixed cycle is cancelled. If NC system is reset when executing the fixed cycle, the mode and parameters of processing hole, as well as the repeat time K would be cancelled.

Specify the location of hole in way of increment value or absolute value, the track and speed of tool to hole being processed is the same as those of G00

Specify the location of hole bottom along the direction of Z axis in way of absolute value, and the distance from R point to hole bottom in way of increment value

Specify the location of R point along the direction of Z axis in way of absolute value, and the distance from original point to R point in way of increment value

To specify the feed amount of deep hole drilling cycle G73 and G83, and the

offset of fine boring cycle G76 and reverse boring cycle G87 (it is increment

value instruction no matter in G90 or G91 mode) Used in fixed cycle that has pause action in hole bottom operation to specify the pause time, unit in second To specify the cutting feed rate of fixed cycle; in fixed cycle, the motion from original point to R point and from R point to original point is run at quick feed, the motion from R point to Z point is run at cutting feed speed specified by F, but the motion from Z point to R point may be run at rate specified by F or the quick feed rate in accordance with the fixed cycle Specify the repeat time of fixed cycle at the current positioning point. If K is not specified, NC will consider k=1; if K=0, the fixed cycle will not be performed at the current point.

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ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

The following examples would make you understand the above contents better:

S/N Content of Program Note

S____ M03

Specify the rotating speed and instruct the main axis to rotate clockwise

G81X__Y__Z__R__F__K __

Y__ X axis does not move, Y axis goes to appointed point quickly for processing the

G82X__P__K__ Hole processing mode is changed. Hole processing parameter Z, R, and F

G80X__Y__ Fixed cycle is cancelled, and all hole processing parameters except F are

G85X__Y__Z__R__P__ For fixed cycle is cancelled when executing 5, all necessary processing

X__Z__

G89X__Y__

G01X__Y__ Fixed cycle mode is cancelled, all hole processing parameters except F are

Go to appointed point of X and Y quickly, and process in hole processing mode specified by G81 with processing parameters specified by Z, R, F for K times. At the beginning of executing fixed cycle, Z, R, and F are the necessary hole processing parameters.

hole, the hole processing parameters and processing mode retain the mode value in 2. The K value in 2 does not work.

remain the mode value. Give the value of hole processing parameter P and specify the repeat time K.

cancelled.

parameters except F should be specified again, even they have no any change comparing with the original value.

X axis is located to instruction point for processing the hole, and the hole processing parameter Z is changed in this program segment.

Locate to XY instruction point to process the hole, and the hole processing mode is changed to G98. R and P are specified by 6, while Z is specified by 7.

cancelled.

In the following diagrams, we use the following modes to show the feed of each segment: Move at quick feeding rate Move at cutting feeding rate Manual feed

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rotation

G73 (High-speed deep hole drilling cycle)



Format: G73 X_ Y_ Z_ R_ Q_ F_

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

Picture 8.4 (b)

R point

Picture 8.4 (a)

R point

Z point

In high-speed deep hole drilling cycle, the feed from R point to Z point is done by segment. After each cutting feed, Z axis will be uplifted a certain distance before performing the cutting feed of next segment. The uplift distance of Z axis is d, which is specified by 531# parameter. The depth of each feed is specified by hole processing parameter Q. This fixed cycle is mainly used in processing the hole with small Calibre-Depth Ratio (such asΦ5, 70 in depth). After the cutting feed of each segment, the action of Z axis uplifting is to cut the scraps.

G74 (Reverse thread tapping cycle)



Format: G74 X_ Y_ Z_ R_ F_(D_)

X_Y_: thread position Z_: depth of thread R_: original point of feeding and cutter withdrawal F_(D_): Calculate the feed rate according to the pitch or give out the pitch distance directly by D_

Picture 8.10 (b)

Main axis reverse

Pause

Main axis positive

Main axis reverse

R point

Z point

Pause

Picture 8.10 (a)

Main axis reverse

Pause

Main axis positive

Main axis reverse

R point

Z point

Pause

Note: In G74 and G84 cycles, the function of feed rate override and feed hold will be neglected, which means the

feed rate will be kept at 100%. It should not be stopped in midway before a fixed cycle is executed. Before the cycle, it is required to instruct to rotate in main axis tapping direction.

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Original point

iginal point

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

G80 (Cancel fixed cycle)



Once G80 instruction is executed, fixed cycle (G73, G74, G76, G81~G89) will be cancelled, parameters of R

point and Z point, as well as all hole processing parameters except F will be cancelled. In addition, G code in 01 group will also have the same function.

G81 (Drilling cycle)



Format: G81 X_ Y_ Z_ R_ F_

Picture 8.7 (a)

Picture 8.7 (b)

R point

Z point

R point

Z point

G81 is the most simple fixed cycle, it is executed as follows: X, Y locating, Z axis moved to R point quickly and fed to Z point at F speed, and then returned to original point (G98) or R point (G99) quickly, without hole bottom action.

G82 (Drilling cycle, rough boring cycle)



Format: G82 X_ Y_ Z_ R_ P_F_

Picture 8.8 (a)

Picture 8.8 (b)

the bottom of hole can improve the precision of hole depth.

R point

pause

Z point

R point

pause

Z point

G82 has a pause action at the hole bottom, and apart from this, it is the same as G81. The pause at

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Z point

G83 (Deep hole drilling cycle)



ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

Format: G83 X_ Y_ Z_ R_ Q_ F_

Similar to G73 instruction, the feeding from R point to Z point in G83 instruction is also done by segment. The difference is that after the feed of each segment, Z axis is returned to R point, and then moved at quick feeding rate to d above the feeding origin of the next segment and start the feeding motion of next segment. The feeding distance of each segment is specified by hole processing parameter Q, which is always the positive value. The value of d is given by 532# machine parameters. See Picture

8.9 :

Picture 8.8 (b)

R point

G84 (Tapping cycle)



Picture 8.8 (a)

R point

Format: G84 X_ Y_ Z_ R_ F_(D_)

X_Y_: thread position

Z_: depth of thread

R_： original point of feeding and cutter withdrawal

F_(D_): Calculate the feed rate according to the pitch or give out the pitch distance directly by D_

Main axis positive rotation

R point

Z point

Pause

Picture 8.10 (a)

Main axis positive rotation

Pause

Main axis reverse rotation

Main axis positive rotation

R point

Z point

Pause

Picture 8.10 (b)

Main axis positive rotation

Pause

Main axis reverse rotation

Note: In G74 and G84 cycles, the function of feed rate override and feed hold will be neglected, which means the feed rate will be kept at 100%. It should not be stopped in midway before a fixed cycle is executed. Before the cycle, it is required to instruct to rotate in main axis tapping direction.

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）G85 (Boring cycle)

Format: G85 X_ Y_ Z_ R_ F_

This fixed cycle is very simple, it is executed as follows: X, Y locating, Z axis moved to R point quickly and fed to Z point at speed specified by F, and then returned to R point at specified speed, or if in G98 mode, returned to R point and then to the original point quickly.

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

Picture 8.14 (b)

R point

Z point

G86 (Boring cycle)



Format: G86 X_ Y_ Z_ R_ F_

This fixed cycle is executed similarly to G81. what is different is that in G86 when the tool is fed to

hole bottom, the main axis will stop, and when it returns to R point or original point quickly, the main axis will rotate at the original speed in the same direction.

R point

Z point

Picture 8.14 (b)

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ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

rotation

the pause

rotation

the pause

G88 (Boring cycle)



Fixed cycle G88 is provided with manual return function for fixed cycle of drilling (as picture

shows):

R point

Main axis stops after

G89 (Boring cycle)



Picture 8.14 (a)

Main axis

Z point

R point

Main axis stops after

Picture 8.14 (b)

Main axis

Z point

Pause at hole bottom is added in this fixed cycle basing on G85. See Picture 8.15:

Notices for using fixed cycle of hole processing



a. When programming, it is required to make S and M codes to instruct the main axis to rotate before the

fixed cycle instruction.

M03 ; main axis is rotated clockwise . . G□□…… ; Correct . . M05 ; main axis stops G□□……; incorrect (it is required to have instruction M03 or M04 before this

program segment)

b. In mode of fixed cycle, the program segment included X, Y, Z, R will execute the fixed cycle. If a

program segment does not include any of the above address, the fixed cycle is not executed in this program segment, address X in G04 is excluded. In addition, address P in G04 could not change the P value in hole processing parameters.

G00 X__ ; G81 X__ Y__ Z__ R__ F__ K__ ; ; (do not execute the hole processing)

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F__; (do not execute the hole processing, F value is upgraded) M__; (do not execute the hole processing, only execute the auxiliary function) G04 P__; (do not execute the hole processing, use G04 P__ to change the hole processing

data P)

c. Hole processing parameter Q and P should be specified in program segment, in which the fixed cycle is

executed; otherwise, the Q and P values of instruction would be invalid.

d. When executing the fixed cycle (such as G76 and G84) that contains main axis control, as the tool

starts cutting and feeding, it is possible that the main axis may not have achieved the appointed rotation speed. In this situation, it is required to add G04 pause instruction during the hole processing.

e. As it is described, the G code of 01 group can also be used to cancel the fixed cycle. Therefore, do not

write the fixed cycle instruction and G code of 01 group in the same program segment.

f. If an M code is specified in program segment for executing fixed cycle, M code will be executed at the

same time when the fixed cycle is executing the positioning. The signal of completion of M instruction execution will be given out as Z axis returns to R point or the original point. When using K parameter to instruct repeating the execution of fixed cycle, the M code in the same program

segment is executed when executing the fixed cycle at the first time. g. In mode of fixed cycle, tool offset instruction G45~G48 will be neglected (not executed). h. When the switch of single program segment is set in upper position, the fixed cycle will stop after

executing X, Y positioning, feeding to R point quickly and returning from hole bottom (to R point or

original point). This is to say you have to press the cycle activate button for 3 times to complete the

hole processing. Within these 3 times of pause, the first two times are in feed holding state, while the

last one is in stop state. i. When executing G74 and G84 cycles, if you press feed holding button when Z axis is moving from R

point to Z point and from Z point to R point, the feed holding indicator will be on immediately, but the machine would not stop and go to holding state until Z axis returns to R point. In addition, in G74 and G84 cycles, feed rate switch is not valid, and the feed rate is fixed at 100%.

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

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Examples of using tool length compensation and fixed cycle



ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

Reference point

Returning position

#1~6 Drill ¢10 hole #7~10 Drill ¢20 hole #11~13 Bore ¢95 hole (50MM in depth)

Position of starting point

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ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

The value of offset in number 11 is 200.0, number 15 is 190.0, and number 31 is 150.0. The program

is as follows:

N001 G92 X0 Y0 Z0 ; the coordinate system is set at the reference point. N002 G90 G00 Z250.0 T11 M6; change the tool. N003 G43 Z0 H11 ; perform plane tool length compensation at the original point. N004 S30 M3 ; main axis is started. N005 G99 G81 X400.0 Y-350.0

Z-153.0 R-97.0 F120.0 ; process #1 hole after the positioning. N006 Y-550.0 ; process #2 hole after the positioning, and then return to plane of R point. N007 G98 Y-750.0 ; process #3 hole after the positioning, and then return to plane of original point. N008 G99 X1200.0 ; process #4 hole after the positioning, and then return to plane of R point. N009 Y-550.0 ; process #5 hole after the positioning, and then return to plane of R point. N010 G98 Y-350.0 ; process #6 hole after the positioning, and then return to plane of original point. N011 G00 X0 Y0 M5 ; return to reference point and the main axis stops. N012 G49 Z250.0 T15 M6 ; Cancel the tool length compensation, and change the tool. N013 G43 Z0 H15 ; perform tool length compensation on plane of original point. N014 S20 M3 ; main axis starts. N015 G99 G82 X550.0 Y-450.0 ;

Z-130.0 R-97.0 P30 F70; process #7 hole after the positioning, and then return to plane of R point. N016 G98 Y-650.0 ; process #8 hole after the positioning, and then return to plane of original

point.

N017 G99 X1050.0 ; process #9 hole after the positioning, and then return to plane of R point. N018 G98 Y-450.0 ; process #10 hole after the positioning, and then return to plane of original

point.

N019 G00 X0 Y0 M5 ; return to reference point and the main axis stops. N020 G49 Z250.0 T31 M6 ; Cancel the tool length compensation, and change the tool. N021 G43 Z0 H31 ; perform tool length compensation on plane of original point. N022 S10 M3 ; main axis starts. N023 G85 G99 X800.0 Y-350.0 ;

Z-153.0 R47.0 F50 ; process #11 hole after the positioning, and then return to plane of R point. N024 G91 Y-200.0 ; process #12, #13 hole after the positioning, and then return to plane of R point.

Y-200.0 ; N025 G00 G90 X0 Y0 M5 ; return to reference point and the main axis stops. N026 G49 Z0 ; Cancel the tool length compensation. N027 M30 ; % Program stops.

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ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

1.3 Auxiliary function (M, S, T)

The machine tool uses S code to program the rotation speed of main axis, and T code to program

the tool selection. Other programmable auxiliary functions are achieved by M code.

1.3.1 M code

List of M code:

M code

M01 Stop program M03 Rotate main axis clockwise M04 Rotate main axis anti-clockwise M05 Stop main axis M06 Change tool instruction M08 Open the cooling M09 Close the cooling

M32 Enable the lubrication

M33 Disable the lubrication M30 Program ended and returned to the beginning M98 Call for sub-program M99 Sub-program ended and returned/repeat the operation M56 Expansion M code output control (refer to the definition of output interface connection) M57 Expansion M code output control (refer to the definition of output interface connection) M58 Expansion M code output control (refer to the definition of output interface connection) M59 Expansion M code output control (refer to the definition of output interface connection) M10 Expansion M code output control (refer to the definition of output interface connection) M11 Expansion M code output control (refer to the definition of output interface connection) M20 Expansion M code output control (refer to the definition of output interface connection) M21 Expansion M code output control (refer to the definition of output interface connection) M12 Expansion M code output control (refer to the definition of output interface connection) M13 Expansion M code output control (refer to the definition of output interface connection) M14 Expansion M code output control (refer to the definition of output interface connection) M15 Expansion M code output control (refer to the definition of output interface connection) M16 Expansion M code output control (refer to the definition of output interface connection) M17 Expansion M code output control (refer to the definition of output interface connection) M18 Expansion M code output control (refer to the definition of output interface connection) M19 Expansion M code output control (refer to the definition of output interface connection) M40 Expansion M code output control (refer to the definition of output interface connection) M41 Expansion M code output control (refer to the definition of output interface connection) M42 Expansion M code output control (refer to the definition of output interface connection) M43 Expansion M code output control (refer to the definition of output interface connection) M44 Expansion M code output control (refer to the definition of output interface connection) M45 Expansion M code output control (refer to the definition of output interface connection) M46 Expansion M code output control (refer to the definition of output interface connection) M47 Expansion M code output control (refer to the definition of output interface connection) M48 Expansion M code output control (refer to the definition of output interface connection) M49 Expansion M code output control (refer to the definition of output interface connection) M50 Expansion M code output control (refer to the definition of output interface connection) M51 Expansion M code output control (refer to the definition of output interface connection) M66 Expansion M code output control (refer to the definition of output interface connection)

Function

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ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

M67 Expansion M code output control (refer to the definition of output interface connection) M64 Expansion M code output control (refer to the definition of output interface connection) M65 Expansion M code output control (refer to the definition of output interface connection) M62 Expansion M code output control (refer to the definition of output interface connection) M63 Expansion M code output control (refer to the definition of output interface connection) M60 Expansion M code output control (refer to the definition of output interface connection) M61 Expansion M code output control (refer to the definition of output interface connection) M88 Pn

Test whether the level signal of waiting IO (IN n) is m (high, low) Lm M89 Pn

Output OUT n, level is m, output in t milliseconds delay Lm Qt

In machine tool, the function of M code can be classified as two categories: one is to control the execution of program, and the other is used for IO operation to control the execution of auxiliary devices such as main axis and cooling system.

M code for controlling program

The M codes for controlling program include M00, M30, M98, and M99. Their functions are

explained as follows:

M00………program stops. NC stops the execution of program when executing to M00. After the

reset, you can press start button to continue executing the program.

M30………program ends and returns to the beginning of program.

M98………Call the subprogram. M99………Subprogram ends and returns to the main program.

Other M codes

M03………main axis is rotated clockwise. Use this instruction to make the main axis to rotate

anti-clockwise (CCW) at the current appointed rotation speed.

M04………main axis reversal; use this instruction to make the main axis to rotate clockwise (CW)

at the current appointed rotation speed.

M05………main axis stops. M06………start changing tool; M06 T02 is to change the No. 2 tool M08………Cooling open M09………Cooling closed M32………lubrication opened M33………lubrication closed

M88………specify input IO to judge the level; if it's the same, the execution will continue; or otherwise stop and wait. If level signal is not specified, it’s default as low level signal. For example, M88 P0 L1 waiting IN0 is high level; otherwise, wait all the time.

M89………specify output IO to judge the appointed level; if level signal is not specified, it’s default as low level. If Q value is specified, this operation will output IO signal with Q milliseconds delay. For example: M89 P5 L0, specifies OUT5 to output low level.

Note:



When the moving instruction and M are in the same program segment, M instruction is executed first.



If the program has many M codes in the current line, only one code is valid, which is the one defined at the very end.

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ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

1.3.2 S code

The rotation speed instruction of main axis is given by S code, which is mode state, meaning once the

rotation speed is specified, it will be effective all the time until the mode value of the other S code is changed.

The maximum value of S instruction is restricted by the maximum main axis rotation speed set by

parameter P5.020.

S instruction has three output modes, which are influenced by parameter P2.049 (main axis specifies

the interface axis number), P1.061 (frequency-changing control mode), as follows:

P2.049 set as non 0:

It means the current main axis is at AB-phase pulse control mode. At this time, the S value is set

by main axis coder to determine the pulse frequency.

P2.049set as 0, P2.061set as 1:

Frequency-changing control mode, the communication with frequency-changing uses 4 IO (OUT23~OUT20) shifts. Four shifts form 16 codes, which means the S instruction value is S00~S15;

P2.049 set as 0, P2.061 set as 0:

Frequency-changing analog control mode, the ratio of S value and the maximum rotation speed set by parameter P5.020 plus 10V, and change over to get the analog voltage value; S instruction can output analog value after having specified to execute M03 or M04;

1.3.3 T code

Tool library of machine tool uses arbitrary way of tool selection. The two digit T code (T××) specifies the tool number, and it is not necessary to know which tool set the tool is in. The range of address T can be any integer among 1~99. Warning: Tool table should be set correctly. If it is inconsistent with the actual condition, it will damage the

machine tool and bring unexpected results.

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ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

1.4 Macro

1.4.1 Variable instruction

The address values in program are not described in fixed values but in variable. When running the program, variable is quoted with the purpose of increasing the universal property of program. This is called the variable instruction.

Instruction format:

#△△△=○○○○○○○○○ or # =△△△ [Expression]

Details:

(1) Expression of variable:

(a) # m ...... M=value formed by 0~9 #100

(b) # [f]…… f represents the following

meanings Numerical value m 123 Variable #543 Expression #110+#119

-(symbol) expression -#120 Function expression SIN [#110]

 Standard operational signs include +, -, ×, /  When function expression is neglected, the function cannot be executed.  The sign of variable should not be negative, for example,#-100 is illegal.  The following are the wrong expressions of variable:

Wrong Correct #6/2 → #-[#1] → #――5 →

(2) Kind of variable

Kind Variable address

Global variable

Local variable System variable

#100~#199 #500~#999

#1~#32 can be called within the same program

Not available

# [6/2] # [-#1] # [- [-5]]

Description of function

 Can be called by main program and sub

program

 #100~#199 is non-maintained variables and

will be cleared to 0 once the system is electrified again.

 #500~#999 is maintained variable, and the

value will be retained after the system power down.

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(3) quotation of variable

(a) (b) specified as variable directly

G01X#1Y#100 (c) take complementary number for the variable directly G01X-#2 (d) variable defines the variable #3=-#105; take the complementary number of #105 value and assign it

#4=1000; assign 1000 to #4 directly (e) use expression to assign the value #1=#3+#2-100; the value of #1 is the result of #3+#2-100

 Assigning value by function and by expression should not be in the same line, they should be

written separately.

 For [ ] (bracket) calculation, as many as 5 layers can be embedded.

#543=-[[[[[#120]/2+15.]*3-#100]/ #520+#125+#128]* #130+#132

 The value of variable should be within 0~±9999999 (7-digit effective figure). If it exceeds the

maximum value, the error of calculation will be big.

Except O, N and ／ (slash)

directly to #3

X[#1+#3+1000]; the value of X is the calculation result of expression [#1+#3+1000]

Wrong Correct

X#1=#3+100 → #1=#3+100

X#1

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

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ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

1.4.2 Macro program call

using calling function of macro

Function and purpose

The call of macro program is the same as that of sub program. When the macro program is calling, it can transfer some variable values to sub program. This is different from the call of M98 sub-program. The following G codes are instructions for calling macro programs:

G code

G65 simple call of macro program

G66 macro program calling mode A (Moving instruction call)

G661 macro program calling mode B (each segment call)

G67 cancel the macro program calling mode

Details:

1) Specified by G66 (or G661) instruction, and before G67 (Cancel) instruction, the macro program specified after the execution of single segment with move instruction (or each single segment) will be called.

In the same program, G66 (or G661), G67 instructions should be used correspondingly in pair.

Function

Calling command of macro program

Function and purpose

Calling command of macro program includes simple call, and call mode (A&B) of single segment

fixed call.

1. Simple call

To sub-program

To main program

The macro program is the same as sub-program, ended with M99.

Format specification:

G65 P_ L_ < argument >; P_ : No. of sub program L_ : Repeat time

The function of < argument > in G65 is one of the methods that the main program uses address to transfer parameters to sub program. This method uses local variable to transfer, and the description of argument is as follows:

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ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

Argument format:

Format description:

A_B_C_...X_Y_Z_

Details:

1) Except G,L,N,O,P, all addresses can be specified as argument.

2) Addresses that are not required to be transferred can be neglected.

3) The address information occurs in G65 instruction is considered as the argument of G65. For example: G65P0002N100G01G90X100.Y200.F400R1000,G01 instructions are not executed, and all addresses are considered as the argument of G65.

4) The comparison of addresses specified by argument and the local variable number is as follows:

Address Variable No. G65, G66, G661 A #1 ○ B #2 ○ C #3 ○ D #7 ○ E #8 ○ F #9 ○ G × × H #11 ○ I #4 ○ J #5 ○ K #6 ○ L × × M #13 ○ N × × O × × P × × Q #17 ○ R #18 ○ S #19 ○ T #20 ○ U #21 ○ V #22 ○ W #23 ○ X #24 ○ Y #25 ○ Z #26 ○

○: Available ×: Not available

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2. Mode call A (Move instruction call)

To sub-program

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

To sub-program

To main program

Between G66 and G67, when the single segment with move call is executed, the appointed macro

sub-program will be called and executed. The time of execution is the time specified by L.

Format description:

G66 P_ L_< argument >; P_ : No. of sub program L_ : Repeat time

Details:

1) Specified by G66 instruction, and before G67 (Cancel) instruction, the macro sub-program specified by G66 will be called automatically after the execution of program segment with move instruction.

2) In the same program, G66 and G67 instructions should be specified in pair. If G66 instruction is not executed first before G67, the system will give a warning.

3) The address information occurs in G66 instruction segment is considered as the argument of G65. For example: G66P0002N100G01G90X100.Y200.F400R1000,G01 instructions are not executed, and all addresses are considered as the argument of G66.

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(Example) Drilling cycle

To sub-program

To main program

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

argument R

sub-program

speed F

argument Z

 G66 instruction executes the sub-program for the first time, and the later move instruction will

call and execute the sub-program automatically.

 Once the G67 instruction takes effect, the sub-program will not be executed any more.

3. Mode call B (Call in every single segment)

Between G661 and G67 instructions, each single segment of instruction will call the appointed macro sub-program unconditionally.

Format description:

G661 P_ L_< argument >; P_ : No. of sub program L_ : Repeat time

Details:

1) In G661 mode, except O, N and G codes of single segment of each instruction, all are used as argument.

2) The address information occurs in G661 instruction segment is considered as the argument of G661. For example: G661P0002N100G01G90X100.Y200.F400R1000,G01 instructions are not executed, and all addresses are considered as the argument of G661.

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ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

1.4.3 Variable

Function and purpose

Variable is a useful function for macro, which is divided into four kinds, local variable, global non-maintained variable, global maintained variable, and system variable. These variables make it convenient and universal when compiling the macro.

Use of multivariable

 Macro calls the variable, and the variable number can be multiple or specified by expression. As

the following examples show:

#1＝10 #10＝20 #20＝30 #5＝#[#[#1]];

#10=5 #10=20 #20=30 #5=1000 #[#[#1]]=#5

 Examples of specifying the multivariable:

#10=5 #5=100 #6=##10

 use expression to replace as number:

#10=5 #[#10+1]=1000 #[#10-1]=-1000 #[10*3]=100 #[#10/2]=-100

Undefined variable

Once the system is started, the undefined variable is default as null. The local variables that argument does not specify are also considered as null variable. The #0 of system is also the null variable. The null variable is considered as 0 in calculation, and #0 is generally not allowed to act as the left value of expression to join in the calculation. However, if the programmers make a mistake, the program will not report the error, but it will not have any effect.

 Calculation

#1=#0; ……………#1=<Null> #2=#0+1; ……………#2=1 #3=1+#0; ……………#3=1 #4=#0*10;……………#4=0 #5=#0+#0;……………#5=0

For #1=10,#[#[#1]]=#[#10] For #10=20,#[#10]=#20 Hence #5=#20 or #5=30

For #1=10,#[#[#1]]=#[#10] For #10=20,#[#10]=#20 Hence #20=#5 or #20=1000

##10 is the same as #[#10]

#6=1000 #4=-1000 #15=100 #2=-100

It should be noted that <Null> in calculation is equal to 0. <Null> + <Null>=0; <Null> + <Fixed number> = < Fixed number > < Fixed number > + <Null> = < Fixed number >

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 Quotation of variable

#1=<Null> G0X#1Y1000; ……………………equals toG0X0Y1000 G0X#1+10Y1000;…………………equals toG0X10Y1000

 Conditional expression

Null variable is equal to 0 to carry out the logical conditional calculation when judging the condition.

ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

Kinds of variable

Common variable

Every address can use the common variable. The common variable has 600 groups, in which #100 ~ #199 represent the non-maintained common variable group in case of power down, and #500~ #999 represent the maintained common variable group in case of power down.

Local variable (#1~ #32)

When calling the sub program, the local variable can be defined by <argument>, and can only be used in program. The local variable of program of each macro is independent, and therefore can be repeated (maximum for 4 times).

G65 Pp1 Ll1 < argument >; p1 : No. of sub program

l1 : Repeat time < argument > is Aa1 Bb1 Cc1…Zz1 etc. Comparison of addresses specified by <argument> and the local variable in program is as follows:

Address Variable No. Sub program Address Variable No. Sub program A #1 ○ N × × B #2 ○ O × × C #3 ○ P × × D #7 ○ Q #17 ○ E #8 ○ R #18 ○ F #9 ○ S #19 ○ G × × T #20 ○ H #11 ○ U #21 ○ I #4 ○ V #22 ○ J #5 ○ W #23 ○ K #6 ○ X #24 ○ L × × Y #25 ○ M #13 ○ Z #26 ○

Argument address represented by “×” cannot be used. Argument address represented by “○” can be used.

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ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

1) In macro program calling, you can use <argument> to define the local variable in sub program.

To sub-program

To main program

2) Local variable can be used freely in the sub program where it belongs to.

To sub-program

To main program

In face-milling processing, argument J means the distance of face-milling is 10mm, but in order to do the equal-distance processing, the distance is changed to 8.333mm. In addition, local variable #30 is the calculation result of repeated processing.

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ADT-CNC4840 Milling Controller

3) local variable can be used independently in macro calling of each layer for as many as 4 layers. The main program (macro layer is 0) is provided with special local variable. However, in case the layer is 0, the local variable cannot use the argument.

Local variable (0)

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adtech ADT-CNC4840 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual