CALIBRATION PROCEDURE
NI PXI-5422
This document contains step-by-step instructions for writing a calibration procedure for the NI PXI-5422 arbitrary waveform generator.
Conventions ............................................................................................ |
1 |
Introduction............................................................................................. |
2 |
What Is Calibration? ........................................................................ |
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Self-Calibration ........................................................................ |
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External Calibration.................................................................. |
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Why Should You Calibrate? ............................................................ |
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How Often Should You Calibrate?.................................................. |
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Software and Documentation Requirements........................................... |
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Software ........................................................................................... |
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Documentation................................................................................. |
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Self-Calibration Procedures .................................................................... |
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MAX ................................................................................................ |
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FGEN Soft Front Panel.................................................................... |
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NI-FGEN ......................................................................................... |
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External Calibration Options .................................................................. |
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Complete Calibration....................................................................... |
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Optional Calibration ........................................................................ |
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External Calibration Requirements......................................................... |
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Test Equipment ................................................................................ |
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Test Conditions ................................................................................ |
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External Calibration Procedures ............................................................. |
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Writing Your Calibration Procedure................................................ |
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Calibration Procedures in LabVIEW........................................ |
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Calibration Procedures in LabWindows/CVI........................... |
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Calibration Procedures in C...................................................... |
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Verifying NI PXI-5422 Specifications ............................................ |
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Verifying the Oscillator Frequency Accuracy.......................... |
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Verifying the DC Gain and Offset Accuracy ........................... |
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Adjusting the NI PXI-5422.............................................................. |
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Initializing the External Calibration Session ............................ |
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Adjusting the Analog Output .................................................... |
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Adjusting the Oscillator Frequency........................................... |
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Adjusting the Calibration ADC................................................. |
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Closing the External Adjustment Session ................................. |
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Calibration Utilities ................................................................................. |
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MAX................................................................................................. |
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FGEN SFP ........................................................................................ |
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NI-FGEN .......................................................................................... |
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Where to Go for Support ......................................................................... |
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The following conventions are used in this manual: |
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The » symbol leads you through nested menu items and dialog box options |
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to a final action. The sequence File»Page Setup»Options directs you to |
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pull down the File menu, select the Page Setup item, and select Options |
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from the last dialog box. |
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avoid injury, data loss, or a system crash. When this symbol is marked on |
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a product, refer to the Read Me First: Safety and Radio-Frequency |
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Interference document for information about precautions to take. |
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as menu items and dialog box options. Bold text also denotes parameter |
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or value that you must supply. |
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programs, subprograms, subroutines, device names, functions, operations, |
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variables, filenames, and extensions. |
This document contains instructions for calibrating the NI PXI-5422 arbitrary waveform generator. This calibration procedure is intended for metrology labs. It describes specific programming steps for writing an external calibration procedure for the NI PXI-5422.
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Calibration consists of verifying the output accuracy of a device and correcting for any output error. Verification is measuring the performance of a device and comparing the results to the specifications of the device. NI calibrates every NI PXI-5422 at the factory. During the factory calibration process, the calibration constants are stored in an onboard EEPROM. These values are loaded from this EEPROM and used as needed by the NI PXI-5422.
The NI PXI-5422 supports two types of calibration: self-calibration (or internal calibration) and external calibration.
Self-calibration, also known as internal calibration, uses a software command and requires no external connections. Self-calibration improves output accuracy by compensating for variables, such as temperature and time, that may have changed since the last external calibration. Self-calibration retains the traceability of the external calibration.
External calibration is generally performed at either NI or a metrology lab. This procedure replaces all calibration constants in the EEPROM and is equivalent to a factory calibration at NI. Because the external calibration procedure changes all EEPROM constants, it invalidates the original calibration certificate. If an external calibration is done with a traceable instrument, a new calibration certificate can be issued.
The accuracy of electronic components drifts with time and temperature, which can affect output accuracy as a device ages. Calibration verifies that the NI PXI-5422 still meets its specified accuracy and NI standards. If adjustments are necessary, calibration makes the adjustments to restore the accuracy.
Self-calibration can be performed as necessary to compensate for environmental changes.
Caution Although you can use self-calibration repeatedly, self-calibrating the
NI PXI-5422 more than a few times a day may cause excessive wear on the relays over time.
© National Instruments Corporation |
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NI PXI-5422 Calibration Procedure |
The output accuracy requirements of your application determine how often you should externally calibrate the NI PXI-5422. NI recommends that you perform a complete external calibration at least once every two years.
You can shorten this interval based on the accuracy demands of your application. Refer to the External Calibration Options section for more information.
This section describes the software and documentation required for both self-calibration and external calibration.
Calibrating the NI PXI-5422 requires installing NI-FGEN version 2.2 or later on the calibration system. You can download NI-FGEN from the Instrument Driver Network at ni.com/idnet. NI-FGEN supports programming the Self-Calibration Procedures and the External Calibration Procedures in the LabVIEW, LabWindows™/CVI™, and C application development environments (ADEs). When you install NI-FGEN, you only need to install support for the ADE that you intend to use.
NI-FGEN 2.2 or later includes all the functions and attributes necessary for calibrating the NI PXI-5422. For LabWindows/CVI, the NI-FGEN function panel (niFgen.fp) provides help about the functions available. LabVIEW support is in the niFgen.llb file, and all calibration functions appear in the function palette.
Calibration functions are C function calls or LabVIEW VIs in NI-FGEN. In this document, the C function call is shown first, followed by the corresponding LabVIEW VI, or NI-FGEN LabVIEW property node,
in parentheses. The C function calls are valid for any compiler capable of
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calling a 32-bit DLL. Many of the functions use constants defined in the niFgen.h file. To use these constants in C, you must include niFgen.h in your code when you write the calibration procedure. Refer to Table 1 for file locations.
File Name and Location |
Description |
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IVI\Bin\niFgen_32.dll |
The NI-FGEN library, which provides the |
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functionality for calibrating the |
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NI PXI-5422. |
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IVI\Lib\msc\niFgen.lib |
Allows you to create applications that call |
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functions in the niFgen_32.dll: |
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• For Microsoft Visual C/C++, link to |
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msc\niFgen.lib. |
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• For LabWindows/CVI, link to the library |
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appropriate to your current compatibility |
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mode (msc for Microsoft Visual C/C++). |
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IVI\Include\niFgen.h |
A header file for the accessible functions in |
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the niFgen_32.dll. You must include this |
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file in any C code that you write to call these |
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functions. |
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<LabVIEW>\instr.lib\niFgen\niFgen.llb |
Contains VIs that correspond to the functions |
(LabVIEW) |
in the niFgen_32.dll. |
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IVI\Drivers\niFgen\niFgen.fp |
Contains the function panels for the function |
(CVI) |
in the niFgen32.dll. |
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The calibration process is described in the Self-Calibration Procedures and the External Calibration Procedures sections, including step-by-step instructions on calling the appropriate calibration functions.
© National Instruments Corporation |
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NI PXI-5422 Calibration Procedure |
For information about NI-FGEN and the NI PXI-5422, you may find the following documents helpful:
•NI Signal Generators Getting Started Guide
•NI Signal Generators Help
•NI PXI-5422 Specifications
•NI-FGEN Instrument Driver Quick Reference Guide
The NI Signal Generators Getting Started Guide provides instructions for installing and configuring NI signal generators.
The NI Signal Generators Help includes detailed information about
the NI PXI-5422 and the NI-FGEN functions. You can access this help file by selecting Start»Programs»National Instruments»NI-FGEN» Documentation»NI Signal Generators Help. For the latest versions
of NI documentation, refer to ni.com/manuals.
The NI PXI-5422 is capable of performing self-calibration, which adjusts the gain and offset of the main and direct analog paths. Self-calibration exclusively uses an onboard A/D converter (ADC) to measure the output voltage. You can implement self-calibration on the NI PXI-5422 by following procedures similar to the Verifying the DC Gain and Offset Accuracy and the Adjusting the Analog Output procedures. However, output impedance, oscillator frequency, and the calibration ADC cannot be adjusted during self-calibration.
You can initiate self-calibration interactively from Measurement &
Automation Explorer (MAX) or from the FGEN Soft Front Panel (SFP).
Alternately, you can initiate self-calibration programmatically using
NI-FGEN.
MAX
To initiate self-calibration from MAX, complete the following steps:
1.Launch MAX.
2.Select My System»Devices and Interfaces»NI-DAQmx Devices.
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3.Select the device that you want to calibrate.
4.Initiate self-calibration in one of the following ways:
•Click Self-Calibrate in the upper right corner.
•Right-click the device name under Devices and Interfaces, and select Self-Calibrate from the drop-down menu.
To initiate self-calibration from the FGEN SFP, complete the following steps:
1.Select the device that you want to calibrate using the Device Configuration dialog box (Edit»Device Configuration).
2.Open the Calibration dialog box (Utility»Calibration).
3.Click Perform self-calibration.
To self-calibrate the NI PXI-5422 programmatically using NI-FGEN, complete the following steps:
1.Call niFgen_init (niFgen Initialize VI) to open an NI-FGEN session using the following parameters:
•resourceName: The name of the device that you want to calibrate. You can find this name under Devices and Interfaces in MAX.
•IDQuery: VI_TRUE
•resetDevice: VI_TRUE
•vi: A pointer to a ViSession. The variable passed by reference through this parameter receives the value that identifies the session created by this function. This value acts as the session handle and is passed as the first parameter to all subsequent NI-FGEN functions.
2.Call niFgen_SelfCal (niFgen Self Cal VI) using the following parameter:
•vi: The session handle returned from niFgen_init
3.Call niFgen_close (niFgen Close VI) to close the NI-FGEN session using the following parameter:
•vi: The session handle returned from niFgen_init
© National Instruments Corporation |
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NI PXI-5422 Calibration Procedure |
External calibration involves both verification and adjustment. Verification is the process of testing the device to ensure that the output accuracy is within certain specifications. You can use verification to ensure that the adjustment process was successful or to determine if the adjustment process needs to be performed.
Adjustment is the process of measuring and compensating for device performance to improve the output accuracy. Performing an adjustment updates the calibration date, resetting the calibration interval. The device is guaranteed to meet or exceed its published specifications for the duration of the calibration interval.
This document provides two sets of test limits for most verification stages, the calibration test limits and the published specifications. The calibration test limits are more restrictive than the published specifications. If all of the output errors determined during verification fall within the calibration test limits, the device is guaranteed to meet or exceed its published specifications for a full calibration interval (two years). For this reason, you must verify against the calibration test limits when performing verification after adjustment.
If all of the output errors determined during verification fall within the published specifications, but not within the calibration test limits, the device meets its published specifications. However, the device may not remain within these specifications for another two years. The device will meet published specifications for the rest of the current calibration interval.
In this case, you can perform an adjustment if you want to improve the output accuracy or reset the calibration interval. If some output errors determined during verification do not fall within the published specifications, you must perform an adjustment to restore the device operation to its published specifications.
The Complete Calibration section describes the recommended calibration procedure. The Optional Calibration section describes alternate procedures that allow you to skip adjustment if the device already meets its calibration test limits or published specifications.
Performing a complete calibration is the recommended way to guarantee that the NI PXI-5422 meets or exceeds its published specifications for a two-year calibration interval. At the end of the complete calibration procedure, you verify that the output error falls within the calibration test limits. Figure 1 shows the programming flow for complete calibration.
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Self-Calibrate |
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Document |
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Verify |
Pre-Adjustment |
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Results |
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Adjust |
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(Cal Dates and |
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Temperatures |
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Updated) |
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Document |
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Verify |
Post-Adjustment |
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Meets |
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Calibration |
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Test Limits? |
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Review |
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Calibration/ |
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Verification/ |
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Adjustment |
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Verification |
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Procedure or |
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Complete |
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Return Device |
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© National Instruments Corporation |
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NI PXI-5422 Calibration Procedure |
You can choose to skip the adjustment steps of the calibration procedure if the output error is within the calibration test limits or the published specifications during the first verification. If all of the output errors determined during the first verification fall within the calibration test limits, the device is guaranteed to meet or exceed its published specifications for a full calibration interval. In this case, you can update the calibration date, effectively resetting the calibration interval, without actually performing an adjustment. Refer to the Adjusting the NI PXI-5422 section for more information.
If all of the output errors determined during the first verification fall within the published specifications, but not within the calibration test limits, adjustment is also optional. However, you cannot update the calibration date because the device will not necessarily operate within the published specifications for an additional two years.
Note Regardless of the results of the first verification, if you choose to perform an adjustment you must verify that the output error falls within the calibration test limits at the end of the calibration procedure.
Figure 2 shows the programming flow for the optional calibration.
NI PXI-5422 Calibration Procedure |
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Self-Calibrate |
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Document |
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Verify |
Pre-Adjustment |
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Results |
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Yes |
Meets |
No |
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Calibration |
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Test Limits? |
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Yes |
Meets |
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Published |
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Specifications? |
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Update Calibration |
Results |
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Within |
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Dates and |
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Published Specs |
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Temperatures |
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(Adjustment |
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Without Adjusting |
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Optional) |
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Adjust |
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Adjust |
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Temperatures |
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Updated) |
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Verify |
Document |
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Post-Adjustment |
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Calibration/ |
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Meets |
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Verification |
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Calibration |
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Complete |
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Test Limits? |
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Review |
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Verification/ |
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Adjustment |
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Procedure or |
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Return Device |
© National Instruments Corporation |
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NI PXI-5422 Calibration Procedure |
This section describes the test equipment and test conditions required for calibration.
External calibration requires different equipment for each applicable specification. Refer to Table 2 for a list of equipment.
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Applicable |
Minimum |
Recommended |
Instrument |
Specification |
Specifications |
Instrument |
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Digital multimeter |
DC gain and offset |
DC accuracy ≤ ±50 ppm |
NI PXI-4070 |
(DMM) |
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Resolution ≤1 µV |
Agilent HP 34401A |
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Keithley 2000 |
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Male banana to |
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female BNC adapter |
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Male BNC to |
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50 Ω, RG-223 |
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female SMB cable |
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Spectrum analyzer or |
Frequency accuracy |
Ability to measure |
NI PXI-5660 |
frequency meter |
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10 MHz or higher |
Agilent HP 8560E |
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sine waves |
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Frequency accuracy |
Agilent HP 53131A |
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or HP 53132A |
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to ±500 ppb |
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with timebase option |
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001, 010, or 012 |
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Male BNC to |
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50 Ω, RG-223 |
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female SMB cable |
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Follow these guidelines to optimize the connections and the environment during calibration:
•Keep connections to the NI PXI-5422 short.
•Keep relative humidity below 80%.
•Maintain a temperature between 18 °C and 28 °C.
•Observe the 15-minute warm-up time.
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The complete external calibration procedure consists of self-calibrating, verifying the performance of the NI PXI-5422, adjusting the calibration constants, and verifying again after the adjustments. In some cases, the complete calibration procedure may not be required. Refer to the External Calibration Options section for more information.
The external calibration procedure automatically stores the calibration date to allow traceability.
Before you begin to write your calibration program, review the programming flows in Figures 1 and 2.
To write calibration procedures in LabVIEW, you must use the VIs included in the niFgen.llb file. After installation, these VIs appear within the NI-FGEN Calibration palette under Functions» Instrument I/O»Instruments Drivers»NI-FGEN»Calibration.
To write calibration procedures in LabWindows/CVI, you must use the functions included in the niFgen.fp file. After installation, you can locate the calibration functions under the Calibration class node.
To write calibration procedures in C, you must include the niFgen.h file in the code that calls the calibration functions, and you must link the niFgen.lib file into the build of your executable.
© National Instruments Corporation |
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NI PXI-5422 Calibration Procedure |
Note Always self-calibrate the NI PXI-5422 before beginning a verification procedure.
This section provides instructions for verifying the NI PXI-5422 specifications. This section also includes instructions for updating the calibration cycle.
Verification determines whether the device is performing within its specifications prior to external adjustment. Verification and external adjustment together comprise a complete calibration. To verify that the NI PXI-5422 still meets its specifications, you must use NI-FGEN to control the NI PXI-5422.
The steps in the verification procedures describe the code that you use to generate the appropriate signals, as well as the NI-FGEN function calls that you make to verify specifications.
You can verify the following specifications for the NI PXI-5422:
•Oscillator frequency accuracy
•DC gain and offset accuracy
The verification procedure for each of these specifications includes setting up, programming, and cleaning up.
Note If any of these tests fail immediately after you perform an external adjustment, verify that you have met the required test conditions before you return the NI PXI-5422 to NI for repair.
Refer to Table 2 for information about which instrument to use for verifying each specification. Refer to Figure 3 for the names and locations of the NI PXI-5422 front panel connectors.
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NI PXI-5422
16-Bit 200 MS/s AWG
ACCESS ACTIVE
CH 0
CLK
IN
PFI 0
PFI 1
DIGITAL DATA & CONTROL
© National Instruments Corporation |
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NI PXI-5422 Calibration Procedure |
This test verifies the frequency accuracy of the oscillator on the
NI PXI-5422. The verification involves generating a 10 MHz sine wave with the NI PXI-5422 and measuring the sine wave frequency with one of the instruments from Table 2.
To verify the frequency accuracy of the oscillator on the NI PXI-5422, complete the following steps:
1.Connect the NI PXI-5422 CH 0 front panel connector to the instrument measuring the frequency accuracy with a male BNC to female SMB cable.
2.Call niFgen_init (niFgen Initialize VI) using the following parameters:
•resourceName: The name of the device that you want to verify. You can find this name under Devices and Interfaces in MAX.
•IDQuery: VI_TRUE
•resetDevice: VI_TRUE
•vi: A pointer to a ViSession. The variable passed by reference through this parameter receives the value that identifies the session created by this function. This value acts as the session handle and is passed as the first parameter to all subsequent NI-FGEN functions.
3.Call niFgen_SetAttributeViReal64 to set the sample rate (niFgen property node: Arbitrary Waveform Output»Sample Rate) using the following parameters:
•vi: The session handle returned from niFgen_init
•channelName: "0"
•attributeID: NIFGEN_ATTR_ARB_SAMPLE_RATE
•value: 200000000
4.Call niFgen_SetAttributeViReal64 to set the gain (niFgen property node: Arbitrary Waveform Output»Arbitrary Waveform Gain) using the following parameters:
•vi: The session handle returned from niFgen_init
•channelName: "0"
•attributeID: NIFGEN_ATTR_ARB_GAIN
•value: 1
Note You can adjust this value based on which measuring device you use.
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5.Call niFgen_SetAttributeViReal64 to set the offset (niFgen property node: Arbitrary Waveform Output»Arbitrary Waveform Offset) using the following parameters:
•vi: The session handle returned from niFgen_init
•channelName: "0"
•attributeID: NIFGEN_ATTR_ARB_OFFSET
•value: 0
Note You can adjust this value based on which measuring device you use.
6.Call niFgen_SetAttributeViBoolean to set the analog filter state (niFgen property node: Output Attributes»Analog Filter Enabled) using the following parameters:
•vi: The session handle returned from niFgen_init
•channelName: "0"
•attributeID: NIFGEN_ATTR_ANALOG_FILTER_ENABLED
•value: VI_TRUE
7.Generate an array of waveform samples. The waveform should have 20 samples per cycle with a total of 500 samples. This configuration results in 25 sine wave cycles. Because you set the sample rate to 200 MS/s and because you are using 20 samples per cycle, the resulting waveform is a 10 MHz sine wave.
Note The sample values of this waveform must fall between –1.0 and 1.0.
8.Call niFgen_CreateArbWaveform (niFgen Create Arbitrary Waveform VI) using the following parameters:
•vi: The session handle returned from niFgen_init
•wfmSize: The size in samples (500) of the waveform you created in step 7
•wfmData: The array of waveform samples that you created in step 7
•wfmHandle: The variable passed by reference through this parameter receives the value (waveform handle) that identifies the waveform created by this function.
9.Call niFgen_InitiateGeneration (niFgen Initiate Generation VI) to initiate the waveform generation using the following parameter:
•vi: The session handle returned from niFgen_init
10.Measure the frequency out of the NI PXI-5422.
© National Instruments Corporation |
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NI PXI-5422 Calibration Procedure |
A frequency error of 45 Hz for a 10 MHz signal corresponds to an error of 4.5 ppm. This limit accounts for the initial accuracy and the frequency deviation caused by temperature and aging. Refer to Table 3 for frequency ranges.
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Table 3. |
Frequency Ranges |
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Calibration Test Limit |
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Published Specifications ±25 ppm |
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Low |
High |
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Low |
High |
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9,999,955 Hz |
10,000,045 Hz |
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9,999,750 Hz |
10,000,250 Hz |
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11.Call niFgen_AbortGeneration (niFgen Abort Generation VI) to abort the waveform generation using the following parameter:
•vi: The session handle returned from niFgen_init
12.Call niFgen_close (niFgen Close VI) to close the instrument driver session, to destroy the instrument driver session and all of its properties, and to release any memory resources NI-FGEN uses. Use the following parameter:
•vi: The session handle returned from niFgen_init
This test verifies the DC gain and offset accuracy of the NI PXI-5422 into a high-impedance load by generating a number of DC voltages and offsets, measuring the voltage with a DMM, and comparing the NI PXI-5422 to the error limits.
The DC gain and offset accuracy verification procedure has three sub-procedures that verify the following:
•Main analog path gain
•Main analog path offset
•Direct path gain
Verifying the Main Analog Path Gain
To verify the gain of the NI PXI-5422 main analog path, complete the following steps:
1.Connect the NI PXI-5422 CH 0 front panel connector to the DMM for measuring DC gain and offset accuracy.
2.Call niFgen_init (niFgen Initialize VI) using the following parameters:
•resourceName: The name of the device that you want to verify. You can find this name under Devices and Interfaces in MAX.
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•IDQuery: VI_TRUE
•resetDevice: VI_TRUE
•vi: A pointer to a ViSession. The variable passed by reference through this parameter receives the value that identifies the session created by this function. This value acts as the session handle and is passed as the first parameter to all subsequent NI-FGEN functions.
3.Call niFgen_SetAttributeViBoolean to set the analog filter state (niFgen property node: Output Attributes»Analog Filter Enabled) using the following parameters:
•vi: The session handle returned from niFgen_init
•channelName: "0"
•attributeID: NIFGEN_ATTR_ANALOG_FILTER_ENABLED
•value: VI_FALSE
4.Call niFgen_SetAttributeViReal64 to set the load impedance (niFgen property node: Output Attributes»Load Impedance) using the following parameters:
•vi: The session handle returned from niFgen_init
•channelName: "0"
•attributeID: NIFGEN_ATTR_LOAD_IMPEDANCE
•value: 10000000000
5.Call niFgen_SetAttributeViInt32 to set the analog path (niFgen property node: Output Attributes»Analog Path) using the following parameters:
•vi: The session handle returned from niFgen_init
•channelName: "0"
•attributeID: NIFGEN_ATTR_ANALOG_PATH
•value: NIFGEN_VAL_MAIN_ANALOG_PATH
6.Call niFgen_SetAttributeViReal64 to set the output impedance (niFgen property node: Basic Operation»Output Impedance) using the following parameters:
•vi: The session handle returned from niFgen_init
•channelName: "0"
•attributeID: NIFGEN_ATTR_OUTPUT_IMPEDANCE
•value: 50
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NI PXI-5422 Calibration Procedure |