thinkpad t21
IBM Mobile Systems
ThinkPad Computer
Hardware Maintenance Manual
April 2002
This manual supports:
ThinkPad T20, T21, T22, T23
(MT 2647/2648)
ThinkPad Dock (MT 2631)
Note
Before using this information and the product it
supports, be sure to read the general information
under “Notices” on page 174.
First Edition (April 2002)
The following paragraph does not apply to the United
Kingdom or any country where such provisions are
inconsistent with local law:
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION
PROVIDES THIS PUBLICATION “AS IS” WITHOUT ANY
WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
LIMITED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Some states
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This publication could include technical inaccuracies or
typographical errors. Changes are periodically made to the
information herein; these changes will be incorporated in
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improvements or changes to the products or the programs
described in this publication at any time.
It is possible that this publication may contain references
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© Copyright International Business Machines
Corporation 2002. All rights reserved.
US Government Users Restricted Rights – Use, duplication
or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract
with IBM Corp.
About this manual
This manual contains service and reference information for
IBM ThinkPad T20, T21, T22, T23 (MT2647, 2648), and
ThinkPad Dock (MT2631) products. Use this manual along
with the advanced diagnostic tests to troubleshoot
problems.
The manual is divided into sections as follows:
v The common sections provide general information,
guidelines, and safety information required in servicing
computers.
v The product-specific section includes service, reference,
and product-specific parts information.
Important
This manual is intended for trained service
personnel who are familiar with ThinkPad products.
Use this manual along with the advanced diagnostic
tests to troubleshoot problems effectively.
Before servicing an IBM ThinkPad product, be sure
to review the safety information under “Safety
notices: multilingual translations” on page 3, “Safety
information” on page 13, and “Laser compliance
statement” on page 18.
© Copyright IBM Corp. 2002 iii
iv ThinkPad T20, T21, T22, T23 (MT 2647/2648)
Contents
About this manual ...........iii
Introduction .............1
Important service information .........1
Strategy for replacing FRUs ........1
How to use error messages ........2
Diskette compatibility matrix .........2
Safety notices: multilingual translations ......3
Safety information............13
General safety............13
Electrical safety ...........14
Safety inspection guide .........15
Handling devices that are sensitive to electorostatic
discharge ............16
Grounding requirements .........17
Laser compliance statement.........18
General descriptions ..........21
Read this first .............21
What to do first ...........21
Related service information .........23
Service web site ...........23
Restoring the preloaded system ......23
Passwords .............26
Power management ..........28
Checkout guide ............32
Testing the computer ..........33
Detecting system information with PC-Doctor. . . 34
Power system checkout .........35
ThinkPad T20, T21, T22 and T23 series.....39
Product overview ............41
Specifications ............43
Status indicators ...........45
FRU Tests .............47
Fn key combinations ..........48
Symptom-to-FRU index ..........49
Numeric error codes ..........49
Error messages ...........52
Beep symptoms ...........53
No-beep symptoms ..........53
LCD-related symptoms .........54
Intermittent problems ..........55
Undetermined problems .........55
FRU replacement notices .........56
Screw notices ............56
Retaining serial numbers.........57
Removing and replacing a FRU........59
1010 Battery pack...........60
1020 Backup battery ..........61
© Copyright IBM Corp. 2002
v
1030 Hard-disk drive ..........63
1040 DIMM ............65
1050 Mini PCI adapter .........66
1060 Ethernet daughter card .......71
1070 Ultrabay 2000 device ........73
1080 Keyboard ...........74
1090 Keyboard CRU insulator .......82
1100 Hinge cover ...........83
1110 Keyboard bezel ..........88
1120 Fan assembly ..........94
1130CPU.............98
1140 PC Card slot assembly .......100
1150 Speaker ...........103
1160 Hard-disk bay ..........105
1170 Ultrabay 2000 slot ........107
1180 System board ..........113
1190 Secure chip ..........117
1200 Microphone cable.........118
2010 LCD assembly..........121
2020 Front bezel...........122
2030 Inverter card ..........123
2040 LCD panel ...........125
2050 Antenna assembly ........128
2060 Sub card ...........131
3010 ThinkPad Dock PCI cover ......133
3020 ThinkPad Dock top cover ......136
Locations ..............140
Front view ............140
Rear view.............141
Bottom view ............142
Parts list . . ............143
T20, T21, T22 and T23 series model matrix 146
Overall .............147
AC adapters ............156
LCD FRUs ............157
Keyboard .............160
Recovery CDs ...........161
Miscellaneous parts ..........170
Optional FRUs ...........171
Common parts list ..........172
Notices . . ............174
Trademarks ............174
vi ThinkPad T20, T21, T22, T23 (MT 2647/2648)
Introduction
Important service information
Important
BIOS and device driver fixes are
customer-installable. The BIOS and device drivers
are posted on the IBM support site
http://www.ibm.com/pc/support
Advise customers to contact the PC Company
HelpCenter at 800-772-2227 if they need assistance
in obtaining or installing any diskette fixes.
Customers in Canada should call IBM HelpPC at
800-565-3344 for assistance or download
information.
Strategy for replacing FRUs
Before replacing parts
Make sure that all diskette fixes are installed before
replacing any FRUs listed in this manual.
Use the following strategy to prevent unnecessary expense
for replacing and servicing FRUs:
v If you are instructed to replace a FRU but the
replacement does not correct the problem, reinstall
the original FRU before you continue.
v Some computers have both a processor board and a
system board. If you are instructed to replace either the
processor board or the system board, and replacing one
of them does not correct the problem, reinstall that
board, and then replace the other one.
v If an adapter or device consists of more than one FRU,
any of the FRUs may be the cause of the error. Before
replacing the adapter or device, remove the FRUs, one
by one, to see if the symptoms change. Replace only
the FRU that changed the symptoms.
Attention: The setup configuration on the computer you
are servicing may have been customized. Running
Automatic Configuration may alter the settings. Note the
current configuration settings (using the View Configuration
option); then, when service has been completed, verify that
those settings remain in effect.
© Copyright IBM Corp. 2002
1
Strategy for replacing a hard-disk drive
Always try to run a low-level format before replacing a
hard-disk drive.
Attention: The drive startup sequence in the computer
you are servicing may have been changed. Be extremely
careful during write operations such as copying, saving, or
formatting. If you select an incorrect drive, data or
programs can be overwritten.
How to use error messages
Use the error codes displayed on the screen to diagnose
failures. If more than one error code is displayed, begin the
diagnosis with the first error code. Whatever causes the
first error code may also cause false error codes. If no
error code is displayed, see if the error symptom is listed
in the Symptom-to-FRU Index for the computer you are
servicing.
Diskette compatibility matrix
The compatibility of each of the drives with the diskettes
for it is as follows:
Diskette
drive
Diskette
capacity
Compatibility
3.5-inch 1.0 MB Read and write
2.0 MB Read and write
4.0 MB Not compatible
Important service information
2 ThinkPad T20, T21, T22, T23 (MT 2647/2648)
Safety notices: multilingual translations
In this manual, safety notices appear in English with a
page number reference to the appropriate multilingual,
translated safety notice found in this section.
The following safety notices are provided in English,
French, German, Italian, and Spanish.
Safety notice 1
Before the computer is powered-on after FRU
replacement, make sure all screws, springs, and other
small parts are in place and are not left loose inside
the computer. Verify this by shaking the computer and
listening for rattling sounds. Metallic parts or metal
flakes can cause electrical shorts.
Avant de remettre l’ordinateur sous tension après
remplacement d’une unité en clientèle, vérifiez que
tous les ressorts, vis et autres pièces sont bien en
place et bien fixées. Pour ce faire, secouez l’unité et
assurez-vous qu’aucun bruit suspect ne se produit. Des
pièces métalliques ou des copeaux de métal pourraient
causer un court-circuit.
Bevor nach einem FRU-Austausch der Computer
wieder angeschlossen wird, muß sichergestellt werden,
daß keine Schrauben, Federn oder andere Kleinteile
fehlen oder im Gehäuse vergessen wurden. Der
Computer muß geschüttelt und auf Klappergeräusche
geprüft werden. Metallteile oder-splitter können
Kurzschlüsse erzeugen.
Prima di accendere l’elaboratore dopo che é stata
effettuata la sostituzione di una FRU, accertarsi che
tutte le viti, le molle e tutte le altri parti di piccole
dimensioni siano nella corretta posizione e non siano
sparse all’interno dell’elaboratore. Verificare ciò
scuotendo l’elaboratore e prestando attenzione ad
eventuali rumori; eventuali parti o pezzetti metallici
possono provocare cortocircuiti pericolosi.
Antes de encender el sistema despues de sustituir una
FRU, compruebe que todos los tornillos, muelles y
demás piezas pequeñas se encuentran en su sitio y no
se encuentran sueltas dentro del sistema.
Compruébelo agitando el sistema y escuchando los
posibles ruidos que provocarían. Las piezas metálicas
pueden causar cortocircuitos eléctricos.
Safety notices
Introduction 3
Safety notice 2
DANGER
Some standby batteries contain a small amount of
nickel and cadmium. Do not disassemble a standby
battery, recharge it, throw it into fire or water, or
short-circuit it. Dispose of the battery as required
by local ordinances or regulations. Use only the
battery in the appropriate parts listing. Use of an
incorrect battery can result in ignition or explosion
of the battery.
Certaines batteries de secours contiennent du
nickel et du cadmium. Ne les démontez pas, ne les
rechargez pas, ne les exposez ni au feu ni à l’eau.
Ne les mettez pas en court-circuit. Pour les mettre
au rebut, conformez-vous à la réglementation en
vigueur. Lorsque vous remplacez la pile de
sauvegarde ou celle de l’horloge temps réel, veillez
à n’utiliser que les modèles cités dans la liste de
pièces détachées adéquate. Une batterie ou une
pile inappropriée risque de prendre feu ou
d’exploser.
Die Bereitschaftsbatterie, die sich unter dem
Diskettenlaufwerk befindet, kann geringe Mengen
Nickel und Cadmium enthalten. Sie darf nur durch
die Verkaufsstelle oder den IBM Kundendienst
ausgetauscht werden. Sie darf nicht zerlegt,
wiederaufgeladen, kurzgeschlossen, oder Feuer
oder Wasser ausgesetzt werden. Die Batterie kann
schwere Verbrennungen oder Verätzungen
verursachen. Bei der Entsorgung die örtlichen
Bestimmungen für Sondermüll beachten. Beim
Ersetzen der Bereitschafts-oder Systembatterie nur
Batterien des Typs verwenden, der in der
Ersatzteilliste aufgeführt ist. Der Einsatz falscher
Batterien kann zu Entzündung oder Explosion
führen.
(continued)
Safety notices
4 ThinkPad T20, T21, T22, T23 (MT 2647/2648)
(continuation of safety notice 2)
Alcune batterie di riserva contengono una piccola
quantità di nichel e cadmio. Non smontarle,
ricaricarle, gettarle nel fuoco o nell’acqua né
cortocircuitarle. Smaltirle secondo la normativa in
vigore (DPR 915/82, successive disposizioni e
disposizioni locali). Quando si sostituisce la
batteria dell’RTC (real time clock) o la batteria di
supporto, utilizzare soltanto i tipi inseriti
nell’appropriato Catalogo parti. L’impiego di una
batteria non adatta potrebbe determinare l’incendio
ol’esplosione della batteria stessa.
Algunas baterías de reserva contienen una
pequeña cantidad de níquel y cadmio. No las
desmonte, ni recargue, ni las eche al fuego o al
agua ni las cortocircuite. Deséchelas tal como
dispone la normativa local. Utilice sólo baterías que
se encuentren en la lista de piezas. La utilización
de una batería no apropiada puede provocar la
ignición o explosión de la misma.
Safety notices
Introduction 5
Safety notice 3
DANGER
The battery pack contains small amounts of nickel.
Do not disassemble it, throw it into fire or water, or
short-circuit it. Dispose of the battery pack as
required by local ordinances or regulations. Use
only the battery in the appropriate parts listing
when replacing the battery pack. Use of an
incorrect battery can result in ignition or explosion
of the battery.
La batterie contient du nickel. Ne la démontez pas,
ne l’exposez ni au feu ni à l’eau. Ne la mettez pas
en court-circuit. Pour la mettre au rebut,
conformez-vous à la réglementation en vigueur.
Lorsque vous remplacez la batterie, veillez à
n’utiliser que les modèles cités dans la liste de
pièces détachées adéquate. En effet, une batterie
inappropriée risque de prendre feu ou d’exploser.
Akkus enthalten geringe Mengen von Nickel. Sie
dürfen nicht zerlegt, wiederaufgeladen,
kurzgeschlossen, oder Feuer oder Wasser
ausgesetzt werden. Bei der Entsorgung die
örtlichen Bestimmungen für Sondermüll beachten.
Beim Ersetzen der Batterie nur Batterien des Typs
verwenden, der in der Ersatzteilliste aufgeführt ist.
Der Einsatz falscher Batterien kann zu Entzündung
oder Explosion führen.
La batteria contiene piccole quantità di nichel. Non
smontarla, gettarla nel fuoco o nell’acqua né
cortocircuitarla. Smaltirla secondo la normativa in
vigore (DPR 915/82, successive disposizioni e
disposizioni locali). Quando si sostituisce la
batteria, utilizzare soltanto i tipi inseriti
nell’appropriato Catalogo parti. L’impiego di una
batteria non adatta potrebbe determinare l’incendio
ol’esplosione della batteria stessa.
(continued)
Safety notices
6 ThinkPad T20, T21, T22, T23 (MT 2647/2648)
Safety notice 4
DANGER
(continuation of safety notice 3)
Las baterías contienen pequeñas cantidades de
níquel. No las desmonte, ni recargue, ni las eche al
fuego o al agua ni las cortocircuite. Deséchelas tal
como dispone la normativa local. Utilice sólo
baterías que se encuentren en la lista de piezas al
sustituir la batería. La utilización de una bateríano
apropiada puede provocar la ignición o explosión
de la misma.
The lithium battery can cause a fire, an explosion,
or a severe burn. Do not recharge it, remove its
polarized connector, disassemble it, heat it above
100°C (212°F), incinerate it, or expose its cell
contents to water. Dispose of the battery as
required by local ordinances or regulations. Use
only the battery in the appropriate parts listing. Use
of an incorrect battery can result in ignition or
explosion of the battery.
La pile de sauvegarde contient du lithium. Elle
présente des risques d’incendie, d’explosion ou de
brûlures graves. Ne la rechargez pas, ne retirez pas
son connecteur polarisé et ne la démontez pas. Ne
l’exposez pas à une temperature supérieure à
100°C, ne la faites pas brûler et n’en exposez pas
le contenu à l’eau. Mettez la pile au rebut
conformément à la réglementation en vigueur. Une
pile inappropriée risque de prendre feu ou
d’exploser.
(continued)
Safety notices
Introduction 7
(continuation of safety notice 4)
Die Systembatterie ist eine Lithiumbatterie. Sie
kann sich entzünden, explodieren oder schwere
Verbrennungen hervorrufen. Batterien dieses Typs
dürfen nicht aufgeladen, zerlegt, über 100 C erhitzt
oder verbrannt werden. Auch darf ihr Inhalt nicht
mit Wasser in Verbindung gebracht oder der zur
richtigen Polung angebrachte Verbindungsstecker
entfernt werden. Bei der Entsorgung die örtlichen
Bestimmungen für Sondermüll beachten. Beim
Ersetzen der Batterie nur Batterien des Typs
verwenden, der in der Ersatzteilliste aufgeführt ist.
Der Einsatz falscher Batterien kann zu Entzündung
oder Explosion führen.
La batteria di supporto e una batteria al litio e puo
incendiarsi, esplodere o procurare gravi ustioni.
Evitare di ricaricarla, smontarne il connettore
polarizzato, smontarla, riscaldarla ad una
temperatura superiore ai 100 gradi centigradi,
incendiarla o gettarla in acqua. Smaltirla secondo
la normativa in vigore (DPR 915/82, successive
disposizioni e disposizioni locali). L’impiego di una
batteria non adatta potrebbe determinare l’incendio
ol’esplosione della batteria stessa.
La batería de repuesto es una batería de litio y
puede provocar incendios, explosiones o
quemaduras graves. No la recargue, ni quite el
conector polarizado, ni la desmonte, ni caliente por
encima de los 100°C (212°F), ni la incinere ni
exponga el contenido de sus celdas al agua.
Deséchela tal como dispone la normativa local.
Safety notices
8 ThinkPad T20, T21, T22, T23 (MT 2647/2648)
Safety notice 5
If the LCD breaks and the fluid from inside the LCD
gets into your eyes or on your hands, immediately
wash the affected areas with water for at least 15
minutes. Seek medical care if any symptoms from the
fluid are present after washing.
Si le panneau d’affichage à cristaux liquides se brise et
que vous recevez dans les yeux ou sur les mains une
partie du fluide, rincez-les abondamment pendant au
moins quinze minutes. Consultez un médecin si des
symptômes persistent après le lavage.
Die Leuchtstoffröhre im LCD-Bildschirm enthält
Quecksilber. Bei der Entsorgung die örtlichen
Bestimmungen für Sondermüll beachten. Der
LCD-Bildschirm besteht aus Glas und kann zerbrechen,
wenn er unsachgemäß behandelt wird oder der
Computer auf den Boden fällt. Wenn der Bildschirm
beschädigt ist und die darin befindliche Flüssigkeit in
Kontakt mit Haut und Augen gerät, sollten die
betroffenen Stellen mindestens 15 Minuten mit Wasser
abgespült und bei Beschwerden anschließend ein Arzt
aufgesucht werden.
Nel caso che caso l’LCD si dovesse rompere ed il
liquido in esso contenuto entrasse in contatto con gli
occhi o le mani, lavare immediatamente le parti
interessate con acqua corrente per almeno 15 minuti;
poi consultare un medico se i sintomi dovessero
permanere.
Si la LCD se rompe y el fluido de su interior entra en
contacto con sus ojos o sus manos, lave
inmediatamente las áreas afectadas con agua durante
15 minutos como mínimo. Obtenga atención medica si
se presenta algúnsíntoma del fluido despues de
lavarse.
Safety notices
Introduction 9
Safety notice 6
DANGER
To avoid shock, do not remove the plastic cover
that protects the lower part of the inverter card.
Afin d’éviter tout risque de choc électrique, ne
retirez pas le cache en plastique protégeant la
partie inférieure de la carte d’alimentation.
Aus Sicherheitsgründen die Kunststoffabdeckung,
die den unteren Teil der Spannungswandlerplatine
umgibt, nicht entfernen.
Per evitare scosse elettriche, non rimuovere la
copertura in plastica che avvolge la parte inferiore
della scheda invertitore.
Para evitar descargas, no quite la cubierta de
plástico que rodea la parte baja de la tarjeta
invertida.
Safety notices
10 ThinkPad T20, T21, T22, T23 (MT 2647/2648)
Safety notice 7
DANGER
Though the main batteries have low voltage, a
shorted or grounded battery can produce enough
current to burn personnel or combustible materials.
Bien que le voltage des batteries principales soit
peu élevé, le court-circuit ou la mise à la masse
d’une batterie peut produire suffisamment de
courant pour brûler des matériaux combustibles ou
causer des brûlures corporelles graves.
Obwohl Hauptbatterien eine niedrige Spannung
haben, können sie doch bei Kurzschluß oder
Erdung genug Strom abgeben, um brennbare
Materialien zu entzünden oder Verletzungen bei
Personen hervorzurufen.
Sebbene le batterie di alimentazione siano a basso
voltaggio, una batteria in corto circuito o a massa
può fornire corrente sufficiente da bruciare
materiali combustibili o provocare ustioni ai tecnici
di manutenzione.
Aunque las baterías principales tienen un voltaje
bajo, una batería cortocircuitada o con contacto a
tierra puede producir la corriente suficiente como
para quemar material combustible o provocar
quemaduras en el personal.
Safety notices
Introduction 11
Safety notice 8
DANGER
Before removing any FRU, power off the computer,
unplug all power cords from electrical outlets,
remove the battery pack, and then disconnect any
interconnecting cables.
Avant de retirer une unité remplaçable en clientèle,
mettez le système hors tension, débranchez tous
les cordons d’alimentation des socles de prise de
courant, retirez la batterie et déconnectez tous les
cordons d’interface.
Die Stromzufuhr muß abgeschaltet, alle Stromkabel
aus der Steckdose gezogen, der Akku entfernt und
alle Verbindungskabel abgenommen sein, bevor
eine FRU entfernt wird.
Prima di rimuovere qualsiasi FRU, spegnere il
sistema, scollegare dalle prese elettriche tutti i cavi
di alimentazione, rimuovere la batteria e poi
scollegare i cavi di interconnessione.
Antes de quitar una FRU, apague el sistema,
desenchufe todos los cables de las tomas de
corriente eléctrica, quite la bateríay,a
continuación, desconecte cualquier cable de
conexión entre dispositivos.
Safety notices
12 ThinkPad T20, T21, T22, T23 (MT 2647/2648)
Safety information
The following section presents the safety information that
you need to be familiar with before servicing an IBM
mobile computer.
General safety
Follow these rules to ensure general safety:
v Observe good housekeeping in the area of the
machines during and after maintenance.
v When lifting any heavy object:
1. Ensure you can stand safely without slipping.
2. Distribute the weight of the object equally between
your feet.
3. Use a slow lifting force. Never move suddenly or
twist when you attempt to lift.
4. Lift by standing or by pushing up with your leg
muscles; this action removes the strain from the
muscles in your back. Do not attempt to lift any
object that weighs more than 16 kg (35 lb) or objects
that you think are too heavy for you.
v Do not perform any action that causes hazards to the
customer, or that makes the equipment unsafe.
v Before you start the machine, ensure that other service
representatives and the customer’s personnel are not in
a hazardous position.
v Place removed covers and other parts in a safe place,
away from all personnel, while you are servicing the
machine.
v Keep your toolcase away from walk areas so that other
people will not trip over it.
v Do not wear loose clothing that can be trapped in the
moving parts of a machine. Make sure that your sleeves
are fastened or rolled up above your elbows. If your hair
is long, fasten it.
v Insert the ends of your necktie or scarf inside clothing or
fasten it with a nonconductive clip, approximately 8
centimeters (3 inches) from the end.
v Do not wear jewelry, chains, metal-frame eyeglasses, or
metal fasteners for your clothing.
Attention: Metal objects are good electrical
conductors.
v Wear safety glasses when you are hammering, drilling,
soldering, cutting wire, attaching springs, using solvents,
or working in any other conditions that might be
hazardous to your eyes.
Safety information
Introduction 13
v After service, reinstall all safety shields, guards, labels,
and ground wires. Replace any safety device that is
worn or defective.
v Reinstall all covers correctly before returning the
machine to the customer.
Electrical safety
Observe the following rules when working on electrical
equipment.
Important
Use only approved tools and test equipment. Some
hand tools have handles covered with a soft
material that does not insulate you when working
with live electrical currents.
Many customers have, near their equipment, rubber
floor mats that contain small conductive fibers to
decrease electrostatic discharges. Do not use this
type of mat to protect yourself from electrical shock.
v Find the room emergency power-off (EPO) switch,
disconnecting switch, or electrical outlet. If an electrical
accident occurs, you can then operate the switch or
unplug the power cord quickly.
v Do not work alone under hazardous conditions or near
equipment that has hazardous voltages.
v Disconnect all power before:
– Performing a mechanical inspection
– Working near power supplies
– Removing or installing main units
v Before you start to work on the machine, unplug the
power cord. If you cannot unplug it, ask the customer to
power-off the wall box that supplies power to the
machine and to lock the wall box in the off position.
v If you need to work on a machine that has exposed
electrical circuits, observe the following precautions:
– Ensure that another person, familiar with the
power-off controls, is near you.
Attention: Another person must be there to switch
off the power, if necessary.
– Use only one hand when working with powered-on
electrical equipment; keep the other hand in your
pocket or behind your back.
Attention: An electrical shock can occur only when
there is a complete circuit. By observing the above
rule, you may prevent a current from passing through
your body.
Safety information
14 ThinkPad T20, T21, T22, T23 (MT 2647/2648)
– When using testers, set the controls correctly and
use the approved probe leads and accessories for
that tester.
– Stand on suitable rubber mats (obtained locally, if
necessary) to insulate you from grounds such as
metal floor strips and machine frames.
Observe the special safety precautions when you work
with very high voltages; these instructions are in the
safety sections of maintenance information. Use
extreme care when measuring high voltages.
v Regularly inspect and maintain your electrical hand tools
for safe operational condition.
v Do not use worn or broken tools and testers.
v Never assume that power has been disconnected from
a circuit. First, check that it has been powered off.
v Always look carefully for possible hazards in your work
area. Examples of these hazards are moist floors,
nongrounded power extension cables, power surges,
and missing safety grounds.
v Do not touch live electrical circuits with the reflective
surface of a plastic dental mirror. The surface is
conductive; such touching can cause personal injury and
machine damage.
v Do not service the following parts with the power on
when they are removed from their normal operating
places in a machine:
– Power supply units
– Pumps
– Blowers and fans
– Motor generators
and similar units. (This practice ensures correct
grounding of the units.)
v If an electrical accident occurs:
– Use caution; do not become a victim yourself.
– Switch off power.
– Send another person to get medical aid.
Safety inspection guide
The purpose of this inspection guide is to assist you in
identifying potentially unsafe conditions. As each machine
was designed and built, required safety items were
installed to protect users and service personnel from injury.
This guide addresses only those items. You should use
good judgment to identify potential safety hazards due to
attachment of non-IBM features or options not covered by
this inspection guide.
Safety information
Introduction 15
If any unsafe conditions are present, you must determine
how serious the apparent hazard could be and whether
you can continue without first correcting the problem.
Consider these conditions and the safety hazards they
present:
v Electrical hazards, especially primary power (primary
voltage on the frame can cause serious or fatal
electrical shock)
v Explosive hazards, such as a damaged CRT face or a
bulging capacitor
v Mechanical hazards, such as loose or missing hardware
To determine whether there are any potentially unsafe
conditions, use the following checklist at the beginning of
every service task. Begin the checks with the power off,
and the power cord disconnected.
Checklist:
1. Check exterior covers for damage (loose, broken, or
sharp edges).
2. Power-off the computer. Disconnect the power cord.
3. Check the power cord for:
a. A third-wire ground connector in good condition.
Use a meter to measure third-wire ground
continuity for 0.1 ohm or less between the external
ground pin and frame ground.
b. The power cord should be the type specified in the
parts list.
c. Insulation must not be frayed or worn.
4. Remove the cover.
5. Check for any obvious non-IBM alterations. Use good
judgment as to the safety of any non-IBM alterations.
6. Check inside the unit for any obvious unsafe
conditions, such as metal filings, contamination, water
or other liquids, or signs of fire or smoke damage.
7. Check for worn, frayed, or pinched cables.
8. Check that the power-supply cover fasteners (screws
or rivets) have not been removed or tampered with.
Handling devices that are sensitive to
electorostatic discharge
Any computer part containing transistors or integrated
circuits (ICs) should be considered sensitive to electrostatic
discharge (ESD.) ESD damage can occur when there is a
difference in charge between objects. Protect against ESD
Safety information
16 ThinkPad T20, T21, T22, T23 (MT 2647/2648)
damage by equalizing the charge so that the machine, the
part, the work mat, and the person handling the part are all
at the same charge.
Notes
1. Use product-specific ESD procedures when they
exceed the requirements noted here.
2. Make sure that the ESD protective devices you
use have been certified (ISO 9000) as fully
effective.
When handling ESD-sensitive parts:
v Keep the parts in protective packages until they are
inserted into the product.
v Avoid contact with other people.
v Wear a grounded wrist strap against your skin to
eliminate static on your body.
v Prevent the part from touching your clothing. Most
clothing is insulative and retains a charge even when
you are wearing a wrist strap.
v Use the black side of a grounded work mat to provide a
static-free work surface. The mat is especially useful
when handling ESD-sensitive devices.
v Select a grounding system, such as those listed below,
to provide protection that meets the specific service
requirement.
Note
The use of a grounding system is desirable but
not required to protect against ESD damage.
– Attach the ESD ground clip to any frame ground,
ground braid, or green-wire ground.
– Use an ESD common ground or reference point
when working on a double-insulated or
battery-operated system. You can use coax or
connector-outside shells on these systems.
– Use the round ground-prong of the AC plug on
AC-operated computers.
Grounding requirements
Electrical grounding of the computer is required for
operator safety and correct system function. Proper
grounding of the electrical outlet can be verified by a
certified electrician.
Safety information
Introduction 17
Laser compliance statement
Some IBM Personal Computer models are equipped from
the factory with an optical storage device such as a
CD-ROM drive or a DVD-ROM drive. They are also sold
separately as options. The drive is certified in the U.S. to
conform to the requirements of the Department of Health
and Human Services 21 Code of Federal Regulations
(DHHS 21 CFR) Subchapter J for Class 1 laser products.
Elsewhere, the drive is certified to conform to the
requirements of the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) 825 and CENELEC EN 60 825 for
Class 1 laser products.
Laser compliance statement
18 ThinkPad T20, T21, T22, T23 (MT 2647/2648)
When a CD-ROM drive, DVD drive or the other laser
product is installed, note the following:
CAUTION:
Opening the CD-ROM drive, DVD-ROM drive or the other
optical storage device could result in exposure to
hazardous laser radiation. There are no serviceable parts
inside those drives. Do not open.
Use of controls or adjustments or performance of
procedures other than those specified herein might
result in hazardous radiation exposure.
O uso de controles, ajustes ou desempenho de
procedimentos diferentes daqueles aqui
especificados pode resultar em perigosa exposição
à radiação.
Pour éviter tout risque d’exposition au rayon laser,
respectez les consignes de réglage et d’utilisation
des commandes, ainsi que les procédures décrites.
Werden Steuer- und Einstellelemente anders als
hier festgesetzt verwendet, kann gefährliche
Laserstrahlung auftreten.
L’utilizzo di controlli, regolazioni o l’esecuzione di
procedure diverse da quelle specificate possono
provocare l’esposizione a.
El uso de controles o ajustes o la ejecuciónde
procedimientos distintos de los aquí especificados
puede provocar la exposición a radiaciones
peligrosas.
Laser compliance statement
Introduction 19
Some CD-ROM drives, DVD-ROM drives, or other optical
storage devices contain an embedded Class 3A or Class
3B laser diode. Note the following:
DANGER
Emits visible and invisible laser radiation when
open. Do not stare into the beam, do not view
directly with optical instruments, and avoid direct
exposure to the beam.
Radiação por raio laser ao abrir. Não olhe fixo no
feixe de luz, não olhe diretamente por meio de
instrumentos óticos e evite exposição direta com o
feixe de luz.
Rayonnement laser si carter ouvert. Évitez de fixer
le faisceau, de le regarder directement avec des
instruments optiques, ou de vous exposer au
rayon.
Laserstrahlung bei geöffnetem Gerät. Nicht direkt
oder über optische Instrumente in den Laserstrahl
sehen und den Strahlungsbereich meiden.
Kinyitáskor lézersugár!Nenézzen bele se szabad
szemmel, se optikai eszközökkel. Kerülje a
sugárnyalábbal valóérintkezést !.
Aprendo l’unità vengono emesse radiazioni laser.
Non fissare il fascio, non guardarlo direttamente
con strumenti ottici e evitare l’esposizione diretta al
fascio.
Radiaciónláser al abrir. No mire fijamente ni
examine con instrumental óptico el haz de luz.
Evite la exposición directa al haz.
Laser compliance statement
20 ThinkPad T20, T21, T22, T23 (MT 2647/2648)
General descriptions
This chapter includes descriptions for any ThinkPad model
that has the PC-Doctor DOS diagnostics program. Some
descriptions might not apply to your particular computer.
Read this first
Before you go to the checkout guide, be sure to read this
section.
Important notes
v Only certified trained personnel should
service the computer.
v Read the entire FRU removal and replacement
page before replacing any FRU.
v Use new nylon-coated screws when you
replace FRUs.
v Be extremely careful during such write
operations as copying, saving, or formatting.
Drives in the computer that you are servicing
sequence might have been altered. If you select
an incorrect drive, data or programs might be
overwritten.
v Replace FRUs only for the correct model.
When you replace a FRU, make sure the model
of the machine and the FRU part number are
correct by referring to the FRU parts list.
v A FRU should not be replaced because of a
single, unreproducible failure. Single failures
can occur for a variety of reasons that have
nothing to do with a hardware defect, such as
cosmic radiation, electrostatic discharge, or
software errors. Consider replacing a FRU only
when a problem recurs. If you suspect that a
FRU is defective, clear the error log and run the
test again. If the error does not recur, do not
replace the FRU.
v Be careful not to replace a nondefective FRU.
What to do first
When you do return a FRU, you must include the following
information in the parts exchange form or parts return form
that you attach to it:
__ 1. Name and phone number of servicer
__ 2. Date of service
__ 3. Date on which the machine failed
© Copyright IBM Corp. 2002
21
__ 4. Date of purchase
__ 5. Failure symptoms, error codes appearing on the
display, and beep symptoms
__ 6. Procedure index and page number in which the
failing FRU was detected
__ 7. Failing FRU name and part number
__ 8. Machine type, model number, and serial number
__ 9. Customer’s name and address
Note for warranty:
During the warranty period, the customer may be
responsible for repair costs if the computer damage was
caused by misuse, accident, modification, unsuitable
physical or operating environment, or improper
maintenance by the customer. The following list provides
some common items that are not covered under warranty
and some symptoms that might indicate that the system
was subjected to stress beyond normal use.
Before checking problems with the computer, determine
whether the damage is covered under the warranty by
referring to the following:
The following are not covered under warranty:
v LCD panel cracked from the application of excessive
force or from being dropped
v Scratched (cosmetic) parts
v Distortion, deformation, or discoloration of the cosmetic
parts
v Cracked or broken plastic parts, broken latches, broken
pins, or broken connectors caused by excessive force
v Damage caused by liquid spilled into the system
v Damage caused by the improper insertion of a PC Card
or the installation of an incompatible card
v Damage caused by foreign material in the diskette drive
v Diskette drive damage caused by pressure on the
diskette drive cover or by the insertion of a diskette with
multiple labels
v Damaged or bent diskette eject button
v Fuses blown by attachment of a nonsupported device
v Forgotten computer password (making the computer
unusable)
v Sticky keys caused by spilling a liquid onto the keyboard
The following symptoms might indicate damage
caused by nonwarranted activities:
v Missing parts might be a symptom of unauthorized
service or modification.
v If the spindle of a hard-disk drive becomes noisy, it may
have been subjected to excessive force, or dropped.
Read this first
22 ThinkPad T20, T21, T22, T23 (MT 2647/2648)
Related service information
This section provides information about the following:
v “Service web site”
v “Restoring the preloaded system”
v “Passwords” on page 26
v “Power management” on page 28
Service web site
When the latest maintenance diskette and the system
program service diskette become available, a notice will be
posted on http://www.ibm.com/pc/partner/infotips
Restoring the preloaded system
If the data on a hard-disk drive is damaged or accidentally
erased, you can restore the software that was shipped with
the computer. This software includes the pre-installed
operating system, applications, and device drivers.
To restore the pre-installed software, you can use either
the Product Recovery program or a recovery CD.
Ordering the recovery CD
When the hard-disk drive is replaced because of a
failure, no Product Recovery program is on the new
hard disk. In this case, you must use the Product
Recovery CD for the computer. Order the recovery
CD and the hard-disk drive at the same time so that
you can recover the new hard-disk drive with the
pre-installed software when they arrive. For
information on which CD to order, see “Recovery
CDs” on page 161
The Product Recovery program is in the service partition, a
section of the hard-disk drive that is not displayed by
Windows Explorer.
Attention: All of the files on the primary hard-disk
partition (usually drive C) will be lost in the recovery
process. Be sure to back up copies of the files you have
saved on your drive C before you begin.
Creating a Recovery Repair diskette
If the operating system cannot boot normally, or if you
cannot get access to the Product Recovery program, you
can use the Recovery Repair diskette to boot the
computer. Make a Recovery Repair diskette and save it for
future use. To make a Recovery Repair diskette, do the
following:
1. Shut down and restart the computer.
Related service information
General descriptions 23
2. At the prompt, press F11. (The option to press F11
appears for only a few seconds. You must press F11
quickly.) The Product Recovery program main menu
opens.
Note: If you are prompted to select the operating
system, select one you want to recover. Then
the Product Recovery program main menu
opens.
3. Select System Utilities from the main menu. Press
Enter.
4. Select Create a Recovery Repair diskette. Press
Enter.
5. Follow the on-screen instructions.
6. When the process is completed, label the diskette
“Recovery Repair diskette” and save it for future use.
Product Recovery program
Note: The recovery process might take up to 2 hours.
To use the Product Recovery program to restore the
pre-installed software, do the following:
1. Save all files and shut down the desktop.
2. Turn off the computer.
3. Turn on the computer. If you are using Windows XP,
three messages (F1, F11, and F12) appear on the
screen for a few seconds. One of them is “Press F11
to invoke the IBM Product Recovery program”.
While the message is displayed, quickly press F11.
If you are using Windows 2000 or another operating
system, the startup screen is displayed first, and then
the message “To start the Product Recovery
program, press F11” at the top of the screen. Here
again it appears very briefly; watch for it, and press
F11 before it disappears.
Note: If this message is not displayed, you can use a
Recovery Repair diskette to get access to the
Product Recovery program. (For using a
Recovery Repair diskette, see “To use the
Recovery Repair diskette:” on page 26.)
4. From the list displayed on the screen, select the
operating system you want to recover.
5. Select the recovery options you want, and follow the
instructions on the screen.
6. When the Product Recovery program finishes running,
the computer will restart with the pre-installed operating
system, drivers, and software.
Related service information
24 ThinkPad T20, T21, T22, T23 (MT 2647/2648)
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