hp 49g+/ hp 48gII graphing calculator
advanced user's reference manual
H
Edition 1
HP part number F2228-90010
Printed Date: 2005/9/17
Notice
REGISTER YOUR PRODUCT AT: www.register.hp.com
THIS MANUAL AND ANY EXAMPLES CONTAINED HEREIN ARE PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND WITH REGARD TO THIS MANUAL, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, NON-INFRINGEMENT AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
HEWLETT-PACKARD CO. SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY ERRORS OR FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IN CONNECTION WITH THE FURNISHING, PERFORMANCE, OR USE OF THIS MANUAL OR THE EXAMPLES CONTAINED HEREIN.
© Copyright 1993-1998, 2005 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
Reproduction, adaptation, or translation of this manual is prohibited without prior written permission of HewlettPackard Company, except as allowed under the copyright laws.
Hewlett-Packard Company
4995 Murphy Canyon Rd,
Suite 301
San Diego, CA 92123
Acknowledgements
Hewlett-Packard would like to thank the following for their contribution:
Gene Wright, Tony Hutchins, Wlodek Mier-Jedrzejowicz, Jordi Hidalgo, Ted Kerber, Joe Horn, Richard Nelson and Jake Schwartz.
Printing History
Edition 1 September 2005
Contents
Contents........................................................................................................................................................................................ |
1 |
1. RPL Programming................................................................................................................................................................. |
1-1 |
Understanding Programming ............................................................................................................................................. |
1-1 |
The Contents of a Program ......................................................................................................................................... |
1-1 |
Calculations in a Program ........................................................................................................................................... |
1-2 |
Entering and Executing Programs...................................................................................................................................... |
1-3 |
Viewing and Editing Programs .......................................................................................................................................... |
1-6 |
Creating Programs on a Computer ..................................................................................................................................... |
1-7 |
Using Local Variables........................................................................................................................................................ |
1-7 |
Creating Local Variables............................................................................................................................................. |
1-7 |
Evaluating Local Names ............................................................................................................................................. |
1-8 |
Defining the Scope of Local Variables ....................................................................................................................... |
1-9 |
Compiled Local Variables......................................................................................................................................... |
1-10 |
Creating User-Defined Functions as Programs......................................................................................................... |
1-10 |
Using Tests and Conditional Structures ........................................................................................................................... |
1-11 |
Testing Conditions .................................................................................................................................................... |
1-11 |
Using Conditional Structures and Commands .......................................................................................................... |
1-13 |
Using Loop Structures...................................................................................................................................................... |
1-17 |
Using Definite Loop Structures ................................................................................................................................ |
1-17 |
Using Indefinite Loop Structures.............................................................................................................................. |
1-21 |
Using Loop Counters ................................................................................................................................................ |
1-24 |
Using Summations Instead of Loops ........................................................................................................................ |
1-25 |
Using Flags....................................................................................................................................................................... |
1-25 |
Types of Flags........................................................................................................................................................... |
1-26 |
Setting, Clearing, and Testing Flags ......................................................................................................................... |
1-26 |
Recalling and Storing the Flag States ....................................................................................................................... |
1-27 |
Using Subroutines ............................................................................................................................................................ |
1-28 |
Single-Stepping through a Program ................................................................................................................................. |
1-29 |
Trapping Errors ................................................................................................................................................................ |
1-32 |
Causing and Analyzing Errors .................................................................................................................................. |
1-32 |
Making an Error Trap ............................................................................................................................................... |
1-33 |
Input ................................................................................................................................................................................. |
1-35 |
Data Input Commands............................................................................................................................................... |
1-35 |
Using PROMPT … CONT for Input ........................................................................................................................ |
1-35 |
Using DISP FREEZE HALT … CONT for Input .................................................................................................... |
1-37 |
Using INPUT … ENTER for Input .......................................................................................................................... |
1-38 |
Using INFORM and CHOOSE for Input.................................................................................................................. |
1-42 |
Beeping to Get Attention .......................................................................................................................................... |
1-45 |
Stopping a Program for Keystroke Input ......................................................................................................................... |
1-46 |
Using WAIT for Keystroke Input ............................................................................................................................. |
1-46 |
Using KEY for Keystroke Input ............................................................................................................................... |
1-46 |
Output ....................................................................................................................................................................... |
1-46 |
Data Output Commands............................................................................................................................................ |
1-47 |
Labeling Output with Tags ....................................................................................................................................... |
1-47 |
Labeling and Displaying Output as Strings .............................................................................................................. |
1-48 |
Pausing to Display Output ........................................................................................................................................ |
1-48 |
Using MSGBOX to Display Output ......................................................................................................................... |
1-49 |
Using Menus with Programs ............................................................................................................................................ |
1-49 |
Using Menus for Input .............................................................................................................................................. |
1-50 |
Using Menus to Run Programs ................................................................................................................................. |
1-50 |
Turning Off the hp49g+/hp48gII from a Program ........................................................................................................... |
1-52 |
2. RPL Programming Examples ................................................................................................................................................ |
2-1 |
Fibonacci Numbers ............................................................................................................................................................ |
2-1 |
Contents -1
FIB1 (Fibonacci Numbers, Recursive Version).......................................................................................................... |
2-1 |
FIB2 (Fibonacci Numbers, Loop Version) ................................................................................................................. |
2-2 |
FIBT (Comparing Program-Execution Time)............................................................................................................. |
2-3 |
Displaying a Binary Integer ............................................................................................................................................... |
2-5 |
PAD (Pad with Leading Spaces) ................................................................................................................................ |
2-5 |
PRESERVE (Save and Restore Previous Status) ....................................................................................................... |
2-6 |
BDISP (Binary Display) ............................................................................................................................................. |
2-7 |
Median of Statistics Data ................................................................................................................................................. |
2-10 |
%TILE (Percentile of a list)...................................................................................................................................... |
2-10 |
MEDIAN (Median of Statistics Data) ...................................................................................................................... |
2-11 |
Expanding and Collecting Completely ............................................................................................................................ |
2-14 |
MULTI (Multiple Execution) ................................................................................................................................... |
2-14 |
EXCO (Expand and Collect Completely)................................................................................................................. |
2-15 |
Minimum and Maximum Array Elements ....................................................................................................................... |
2-16 |
MNX (Minimum or Maximum Element—Version 1).............................................................................................. |
2-16 |
MNX2 (Minimum or Maximum ElementVersion 2).............................................................................................. |
2-18 |
Applying a Program to an Array...................................................................................................................................... |
2-20 |
Converting Between Number Bases ................................................................................................................................ |
2-22 |
Verifying Program Arguments ........................................................................................................................................ |
2-24 |
NAMES (Check List for Exactly Two Names) ........................................................................................................ |
2-24 |
Converting Procedures from Algebraic to RPN .............................................................................................................. |
2-27 |
Bessel Functions .............................................................................................................................................................. |
2-29 |
Animation of Successive Taylor's Polynomials............................................................................................................... |
2-30 |
SINTP (Converting a Plot to a Graphics Object)...................................................................................................... |
2-31 |
Techniques used in SINTP ....................................................................................................................................... |
2-31 |
SETTS (Superimposing Taylor's polynomials) ........................................................................................................ |
2-32 |
TSA (Animating Taylor's Polynomials) ................................................................................................................... |
2-33 |
Programmatic Use of Statistics and Plotting.................................................................................................................... |
2-34 |
Trace Mode ...................................................................................................................................................................... |
2-37 |
Inverse-Function Solver................................................................................................................................................... |
2-38 |
Animating a Graphical Image .......................................................................................................................................... |
2-39 |
3. Full Command and Function Reference................................................................................................................................ |
3-1 |
ABCUV.............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-4 |
ABS ................................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-4 |
ACK ................................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-4 |
ACKALL ............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-4 |
ACOS ................................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-5 |
ACOS2S ........................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-6 |
ACOSH ............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-6 |
ADD................................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-7 |
ADDTMOD ....................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-8 |
ADDTOREAL ................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-8 |
ALGB................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-8 |
ALOG ................................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-8 |
AMORT ............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-8 |
AND................................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-8 |
ANIMATE.......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-9 |
ANS ................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-10 |
APPLY............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-10 |
ARC................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-10 |
ARCHIVE........................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-11 |
ARG................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-11 |
ARIT ................................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-12 |
ARRY→ .......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-12 |
→ARRY .......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-12 |
ASIN ................................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-12 |
ASIN2C ........................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-14 |
ASIN2T ........................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-14 |
Contents - 2
ASINH.............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-14 |
ASN ................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-14 |
ASR ................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-15 |
ASSUME......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-16 |
ATAN ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-16 |
ATAN2S .......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-17 |
ATANH ............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-17 |
ATICK.............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-18 |
ATTACH.......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-18 |
AUGMENT...................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-19 |
AUTO............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-19 |
AXES ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-20 |
AXL .................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-20 |
AXM ................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-20 |
AXQ ................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-20 |
BAR ................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-20 |
BARPLOT ....................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-21 |
BASIS.............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-22 |
BAUD............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-22 |
BEEP ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-22 |
BESTFIT ......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-22 |
BIN ................................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-22 |
BINS ................................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-23 |
BLANK............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-23 |
BOX ................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-23 |
BUFLEN.......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-24 |
BYTES............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-24 |
B→R ................................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-24 |
C2P.................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-24 |
CASCFG ......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-25 |
CASCMD ........................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-25 |
CASE............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-25 |
CEIL................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-25 |
CENTR............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-26 |
CF .................................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-26 |
%CH ................................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-26 |
CHINREM ....................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-27 |
CHOLESKY .................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-27 |
CHOOSE ........................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-27 |
CHR ................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-27 |
CIRC................................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-28 |
CKSM .............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-28 |
CLEAR ............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-28 |
CLKADJ .......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-28 |
CLLCD............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-29 |
CLOSEIO ........................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-29 |
CLΣ .................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-29 |
CLVAR ............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-29 |
CMPLX............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-29 |
CNRM.............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-30 |
→COL.............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-30 |
COL→.............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-30 |
COL– ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-30 |
COL+ ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-31 |
COLCT ............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-31 |
COLLECT ....................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-31 |
COLΣ ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-31 |
COMB.............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-32 |
Contents - 3
CON................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-32 |
COND.............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-33 |
CONIC............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-33 |
CONJ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-34 |
CONLIB........................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-34 |
CONST ........................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-35 |
CONSTANTS................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-35 |
CONT .............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-35 |
CONVERT...................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-35 |
CORR.............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-35 |
COS................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-36 |
COSH.............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-36 |
COV................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-37 |
CR.................................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-37 |
CRDIR............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-37 |
CROSS ........................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-37 |
CSWP ............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-38 |
CURL............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-38 |
CYCLOTOMIC............................................................................................................................................................... |
3-38 |
CYLIN.............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-38 |
C→PX ............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-38 |
C→R................................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-39 |
DARCY ........................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-39 |
DATE............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-39 |
→DATE........................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-39 |
DATE+ ............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-40 |
DBUG.............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-40 |
DDAYS............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-40 |
DEC................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-41 |
DECR .............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-41 |
DEDICACE..................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-41 |
DEF ................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-41 |
DEFINE........................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-41 |
DEG................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-42 |
DEGREE......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-42 |
DELALARM.................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-42 |
DELAY ............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-42 |
DELKEYS ....................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-42 |
DEPND ........................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-43 |
DEPTH............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-44 |
DERIV ............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-44 |
DERVX............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-44 |
DESOLVE....................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-44 |
DET ................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-44 |
DETACH ......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-44 |
DIAG→............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-45 |
→DIAG............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-45 |
DIAGMAP ....................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-45 |
DIFF................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-45 |
DIFFEQ........................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-46 |
DIR................................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-47 |
DISP ................................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-47 |
DISPXY........................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-47 |
DISTRIB.......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-48 |
DIV................................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-48 |
DIV2................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-48 |
DIV2MOD ....................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-48 |
DIVIS ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-48 |
Contents - 4
DIVMOD.......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-48 |
DIVPC.............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-48 |
dn ..................................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-48 |
DO.................................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-48 |
DOERR ........................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-49 |
DOLIST ........................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-49 |
DOMAIN.......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-50 |
DOSUBS......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-50 |
DOT ................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-50 |
DRAW ............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-51 |
DRAW3DMATRIX ......................................................................................................................................................... |
3-51 |
DRAX............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-51 |
DROITE........................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-52 |
DROP .............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-52 |
DROP2............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-52 |
DROPN ........................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-52 |
DTAG............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-52 |
DUP ................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-53 |
DUP2 ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-53 |
DUPDUP......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-53 |
DUPN .............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-53 |
D→R................................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-54 |
e ....................................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-54 |
EDIT................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-54 |
EDITB.............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-55 |
EGCD .............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-55 |
EGV ................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-55 |
EGVL ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-55 |
ELSE................................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-55 |
END ................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-56 |
ENDSUB ......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-56 |
ENG ................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-56 |
EPSX0............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-56 |
EQNLIB ........................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-56 |
EQW ................................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-57 |
EQ→ ................................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-57 |
ERASE ............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-57 |
ERR0 ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-57 |
ERRM.............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-57 |
ERRN .............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-58 |
EULER ............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-58 |
EVAL................................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-58 |
EXLR ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-59 |
EX&LN............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-59 |
EXP.................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-59 |
EXP2HYP ....................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-60 |
EXP2POW ...................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-60 |
EXPAN ............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-60 |
EXPAND ......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-60 |
EXPANDMOD ................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-60 |
EXPFIT............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-60 |
EXPLN............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-60 |
EXPM .............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-60 |
EYEPT............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-61 |
F0λ ................................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-61 |
FACT ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-61 |
FACTOR ......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-62 |
FACTORMOD ................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-62 |
Contents - 5
FACTORS ...................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-62 |
FANNING ....................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-62 |
FAST3D .......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-62 |
FCOEF............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-63 |
FC?.................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-63 |
FC?C............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-63 |
FDISTRIB ....................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-64 |
FFT .................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-64 |
FILER .............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-64 |
FINDALARM .................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-64 |
FINISH ............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-65 |
FIX ................................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-65 |
FLASHEVAL .................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-65 |
FLOOR............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-66 |
FONT6 ............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-66 |
FONT7 ............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-66 |
FONT8 ............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-66 |
FONT→........................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-67 |
→FONT........................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-67 |
FOR................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-67 |
FOURIER ....................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-68 |
FP .................................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-68 |
FREE............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-68 |
FREEZE.......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-68 |
FROOTS......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-69 |
FS? .................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-69 |
FS?C ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-69 |
FUNCTION..................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-70 |
FXND............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-71 |
GAMMA .......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-71 |
GAUSS ........................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-71 |
GBASIS........................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-71 |
GCD................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-71 |
GCDMOD ....................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-71 |
GET ................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-71 |
GETI ................................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-72 |
GOR ................................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-73 |
GRAD.............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-73 |
GRAMSCHMIDT ........................................................................................................................................................... |
3-73 |
GREDUCE ..................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-73 |
GRIDMAP....................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-73 |
→GROB.......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-74 |
GROB.............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-74 |
GROBADD ..................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-74 |
GXOR.............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-75 |
HADAMARD................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-75 |
HALFTAN ....................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-75 |
HALT ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-75 |
HEAD .............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-75 |
HEADER→ ..................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-76 |
→HEADER..................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-76 |
HELP............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-76 |
HERMITE ....................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-76 |
HESS............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-76 |
HEX ................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-76 |
HILBERT......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-77 |
HISTOGRAM ................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-77 |
HISTPLOT...................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-77 |
Contents - 6
HMS–............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-78 |
HMS+ .............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-78 |
HMS→ ............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-79 |
→HMS............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-79 |
HOME.............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-79 |
HORNER ........................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-79 |
i......................................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-80 |
IABCUV........................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-80 |
IBASIS............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-80 |
IBERNOULLI .................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-80 |
IBP ................................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-80 |
ICHINREM...................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-80 |
IDN................................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-80 |
IDIV2................................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-81 |
IEGCD ............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-81 |
IF ...................................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-81 |
IFERR.............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-81 |
IFFT ................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-82 |
IFT.................................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-83 |
IFTE ................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-83 |
ILAP ................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-83 |
IM ..................................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-83 |
IMAGE............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-84 |
INCR................................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-84 |
INDEP.............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-84 |
INFORM.......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-85 |
INPUT.............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-86 |
INT ................................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-86 |
INTEGER ........................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-87 |
INTVX.............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-87 |
INV ................................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-87 |
INVMOD.......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-87 |
IP...................................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-87 |
IQUOT ............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-87 |
IREMAINDER................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-87 |
ISOL................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-87 |
ISOM................................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-88 |
ISPRIME? ....................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-88 |
I→R.................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-88 |
JORDAN ......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-88 |
KER ................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-88 |
KERRM ........................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-88 |
KEY.................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-89 |
KEYEVAL........................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-89 |
→KEYTIME .................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-89 |
KEYTIME→ .................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-89 |
KGET............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-90 |
KILL ................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-90 |
LABEL ............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-90 |
LAGRANGE.................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-90 |
LANGUAGE→................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-91 |
→LANGUAGE................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-91 |
LAP .................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-91 |
LAPL................................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-91 |
LAST................................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-91 |
LASTARG ....................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-91 |
LCD→.............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-92 |
→LCD.............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-92 |
Contents - 7
LCM................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-92 |
LCXM .............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-92 |
LDEC............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-92 |
LEGENDRE ................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-92 |
LGCD .............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-92 |
LIBEVAL ......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-92 |
LIBS................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-93 |
lim .................................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-93 |
LIMIT ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-93 |
LIN ................................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-93 |
LINE................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-93 |
ΣLINE .............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-93 |
LINFIT ............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-94 |
LININ ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-94 |
LINSOLVE...................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-94 |
LIST→ ............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-94 |
→LIST ............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-94 |
∆LIST............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-95 |
ΠLIST.............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-95 |
ΣLIST............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-95 |
LN .................................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-95 |
LNAME............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-96 |
LNCOLLECT.................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-97 |
LNP1 ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-97 |
LOCAL ............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-97 |
LOG................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-97 |
LOGFIT ........................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-98 |
LQ .................................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-98 |
LR .................................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-98 |
LSQ ................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-99 |
LU .................................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-99 |
LVAR ............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-100 |
MAD............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-100 |
MAIN ............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-100 |
MANT ............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-100 |
MAP............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-100 |
↓MATCH....................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-100 |
↑MATCH....................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-101 |
MATHS ......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-101 |
MATR ............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-101 |
MAX............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-101 |
MAXR............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-102 |
MAXΣ ............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-102 |
MCALC ......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-102 |
MEAN............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-103 |
MEM .............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-103 |
MENU............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-103 |
MENUXY ...................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-104 |
MERGE......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-104 |
MIN ................................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-104 |
MINEHUNT .................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-104 |
MINIFONT→ ................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-105 |
→MINIFONT ................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-105 |
MINIT............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-105 |
MINR ............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-106 |
MINΣ.............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-106 |
MITM ............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-106 |
MKISOM ....................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-106 |
Contents - 8
MOD .............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-106 |
MODSTO ...................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-107 |
MODULAR.................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-107 |
MROOT......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-107 |
MSGBOX ...................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-107 |
MSLV............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-107 |
MSOLVR....................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-107 |
MULTMOD.................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-108 |
MUSER ......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-108 |
→NDISP........................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-108 |
NDIST............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-108 |
NDUPN ......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-109 |
NEG ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-109 |
NEWOB......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-109 |
NEXT ............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-110 |
NEXTPRIME ................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-110 |
NIP ................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-110 |
NOT ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-110 |
NOVAL .......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-111 |
NΣ .................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-111 |
NSUB............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-111 |
→NUM........................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-111 |
NUM............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-112 |
NUMX............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-112 |
NUMY............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-112 |
OBJ→ ............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-113 |
OCT ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-113 |
OFF................................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-113 |
OLDPRT........................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-114 |
OPENIO ........................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-114 |
OR.................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-114 |
ORDER ......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-115 |
OVER ............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-115 |
P2C................................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-115 |
PA2B2 ........................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-115 |
PARAMETRIC.............................................................................................................................................................. |
3-116 |
PARITY ......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-116 |
PARSURFACE ............................................................................................................................................................ |
3-117 |
PARTFRAC .................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-118 |
PATH ............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-118 |
PCAR............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-118 |
PCOEF.......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-118 |
PCONTOUR................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-118 |
PCOV ............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-119 |
PDIM.............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-119 |
PERM ............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-120 |
PEVAL........................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-120 |
PGDIR ........................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-120 |
PICK .............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-121 |
PICK3 ............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-121 |
PICT............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-121 |
PICTURE ...................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-121 |
PINIT.............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-122 |
PIX? ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-122 |
PIXOFF ......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-122 |
PIXON ........................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-122 |
PKT................................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-122 |
PLOT ............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-123 |
Contents - 9
PLOTADD..................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-123 |
PMAX ............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-123 |
PMIN ............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-123 |
PMINI ............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-124 |
POLAR.......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-124 |
POLYNOMIAL.............................................................................................................................................................. |
3-125 |
POP............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-125 |
POS............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-125 |
POTENTIAL ................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-125 |
POWEXPAND.............................................................................................................................................................. |
3-125 |
POWMOD..................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-125 |
PR1................................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-125 |
PREDV.......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-126 |
PREDX.......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-126 |
PREDY.......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-127 |
PREVAL........................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-127 |
PREVPRIME................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-127 |
PRLCD.......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-128 |
PROMPT ...................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-128 |
PROMPTSTO .............................................................................................................................................................. |
3-128 |
PROOT ......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-128 |
PROPFRAC ................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-129 |
PRST............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-129 |
PRSTC.......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-129 |
PRVAR.......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-129 |
PSDEV.......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-130 |
PSI................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-130 |
Psi.................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-130 |
PTAYL........................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-130 |
PURGE ......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-131 |
PUSH ............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-131 |
PUT ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-131 |
PUTI .............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-132 |
PVAR............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-133 |
PVARS.......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-133 |
PVIEW........................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-134 |
PWRFIT ........................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-134 |
PX→C ........................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-134 |
→Q ................................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-135 |
→Qπ .............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-135 |
qr.................................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-135 |
QR ................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-136 |
QUAD............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-136 |
QUOT............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-136 |
QUOTE ......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-136 |
QXA............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-137 |
RAD............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-137 |
RAND ............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-137 |
RANK ............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-137 |
RANM............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-138 |
RATIO ........................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-138 |
RCEQ............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-139 |
RCI................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-139 |
RCIJ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-139 |
RCL ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-139 |
RCLALARM.................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-140 |
RCLF............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-140 |
RCLKEYS..................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-141 |
Contents - 10
RCLMENU.................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-141 |
RCLVX .......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-141 |
RCLΣ ............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-141 |
RCWS ........................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-142 |
RDM............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-142 |
RDZ ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-142 |
RE .................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-143 |
RECN ............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-143 |
RECT............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-143 |
RECV............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-144 |
REF................................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-144 |
REMAINDER................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-144 |
RENAME....................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-144 |
REORDER.................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-144 |
REPEAT........................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-144 |
REPL ............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-144 |
RES ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-145 |
RESTORE .................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-146 |
RESULTANT ................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-146 |
REVLIST ....................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-146 |
REWRITE ..................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-147 |
RISCH ........................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-147 |
RKF................................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-147 |
RKFERR ....................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-147 |
RKFSTEP ..................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-148 |
RL................................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-148 |
RLB................................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-148 |
RND ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-149 |
RNRM............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-149 |
ROLL ............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-150 |
ROLLD .......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-150 |
ROMUPLOAD .............................................................................................................................................................. |
3-150 |
ROOT ............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-150 |
ROT ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-151 |
ROW–............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-151 |
ROW+............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-151 |
ROW→ .......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-151 |
→ROW .......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-152 |
RPL>.............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-152 |
RR.................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-152 |
RRB ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-153 |
rref.................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-153 |
RREF............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-153 |
RREFMOD.................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-153 |
RRK ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-153 |
RRKSTEP..................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-154 |
RSBERR ....................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-155 |
RSD ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-155 |
RSWP............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-156 |
RULES .......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-156 |
R→B .............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-156 |
R→C.............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-156 |
R→D.............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-157 |
R→I................................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-157 |
SAME ............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-157 |
SBRK............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-157 |
SCALE........................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-158 |
SCALEH........................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-158 |
Contents - 11
SCALEW....................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-158 |
SCATRPLOT................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-158 |
SCATTER..................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-159 |
SCHUR ......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-159 |
SCI................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-160 |
SCLΣ ............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-160 |
SCONJ.......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-160 |
SCROLL ....................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-160 |
SDEV............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-161 |
SEND ............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-161 |
SEQ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-161 |
SERIES......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-162 |
SERVER ....................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-162 |
SEVAL........................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-162 |
SF .................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-162 |
SHOW ........................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-162 |
SIDENS......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-163 |
SIGMA........................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-163 |
SIGMAVX ..................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-163 |
SIGN.............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-163 |
SIGNTAB...................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-164 |
SIMP2 ........................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-164 |
SIMPLIFY ..................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-164 |
SIN................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-164 |
SINCOS ........................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-164 |
SINH.............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-164 |
SINV .............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-165 |
SIZE............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-165 |
SL................................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-165 |
SLB................................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-166 |
SLOPEFIELD............................................................................................................................................................... |
3-166 |
SNEG ............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-167 |
SNRM............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-167 |
SOLVE .......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-167 |
SOLVEQN .................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-167 |
SOLVER ....................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-168 |
SOLVEVX..................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-168 |
SORT ............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-168 |
SPHERE ....................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-168 |
SQ.................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-168 |
SR.................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-169 |
SRAD ............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-169 |
SRB ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-169 |
SRECV.......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-169 |
SREPL .......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-170 |
START .......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-170 |
STD ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-171 |
STEP ............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-172 |
STEQ............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-172 |
STIME ........................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-172 |
STO ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-172 |
STOALARM.................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-173 |
STOF............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-173 |
STOKEYS..................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-174 |
STORE.......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-174 |
STOVX.......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-174 |
STO+............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-174 |
STO–............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-174 |
STO*.............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-175 |
Contents - 12
STO/ .............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-175 |
STOΣ ............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-176 |
STR→............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-176 |
→STR............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-176 |
STREAM ....................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-176 |
STURM.......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-177 |
STURMAB .................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-177 |
STWS ............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-177 |
SUB ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-177 |
SUBST .......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-178 |
SUBTMOD.................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-178 |
SVD ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-178 |
SVL ................................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-178 |
SWAP............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-179 |
SYSEVAL...................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-179 |
SYLVESTER ................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-179 |
SYST2MAT................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-179 |
%T.................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-179 |
TABVAL ........................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-180 |
TABVAR........................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-180 |
→TAG............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-180 |
TAIL ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-180 |
TAN................................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-180 |
TAN2CS2...................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-181 |
TAN2SC........................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-181 |
TAN2SC2...................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-181 |
TANH............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-181 |
TAYLOR0...................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-181 |
TAYLR........................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-181 |
TCHEBYCHEFF .......................................................................................................................................................... |
3-182 |
TCOLLECT................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-182 |
TDELTA ........................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-182 |
TESTS........................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-182 |
TEVAL ........................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-182 |
TEXPAND..................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-183 |
TEXT.............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-183 |
THEN............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-183 |
TICKS............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-183 |
TIME .............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-183 |
→TIME .......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-183 |
TINC .............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-184 |
TLIN ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-184 |
TLINE ............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-184 |
TMENU.......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-184 |
TOT................................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-185 |
TRACE .......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-185 |
TRAN............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-185 |
TRANSIO ...................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-185 |
TRIG .............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-186 |
TRIGCOS...................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-186 |
TRIGO ........................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-186 |
TRIGSIN........................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-186 |
TRIGTAN ...................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-186 |
TRN ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-186 |
TRNC............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-186 |
TRUNC.......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-187 |
TRUTH .......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-187 |
TSIMP............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-188 |
Contents - 13
TSTR ............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-188 |
TVARS .......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-188 |
TVM............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-188 |
TVMBEG....................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-189 |
TVMEND....................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-189 |
TVMROOT ................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-189 |
TYPE ............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-189 |
UBASE.......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-190 |
UFACT .......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-190 |
UFL1→MINIF............................................................................................................................................................... |
3-191 |
UNASSIGN................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-191 |
UNASSUME................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-191 |
UNBIND ........................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-191 |
→UNIT .......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-191 |
UNPICK ........................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-191 |
UNROT ......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-191 |
UNTIL............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-192 |
UPDIR ........................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-192 |
UTPC............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-192 |
UTPF ............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-192 |
UTPN............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-193 |
UTPT ............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-193 |
UVAL ............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-194 |
V→................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-194 |
→V2............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-195 |
→V3............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-195 |
VANDERMONDE........................................................................................................................................................ |
3-195 |
VAR ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-196 |
VARS............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-196 |
VER ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-196 |
VERSION ..................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-196 |
VISIT ............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-196 |
VISITB........................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-197 |
VPOTENTIAL............................................................................................................................................................... |
3-197 |
VTYPE .......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-197 |
WAIT ............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-197 |
WHILE........................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-198 |
WIREFRAME ............................................................................................................................................................... |
3-198 |
WSLOG......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-199 |
ΣX .................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-200 |
ΣX2 ................................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-200 |
XCOL............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-201 |
XGET............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-201 |
XMIT.............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-201 |
XNUM............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-202 |
XOR............................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-202 |
XPON ............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-202 |
XPUT............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-203 |
XQ.................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-203 |
XRECV.......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-203 |
XRNG............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-203 |
XROOT ......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-204 |
XSEND.......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-204 |
XSERV.......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-205 |
XVOL............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-205 |
XXRNG ......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-205 |
ΣXY................................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-205 |
ΣY .................................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-206 |
Contents - 14
ΣY2 ................................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-206 |
|
YCOL............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-206 |
|
YRNG ............................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-206 |
|
YSLICE.......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-207 |
|
YVOL ............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-207 |
|
YYRNG.......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-208 |
|
ZEROS.......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-208 |
|
ZFACTOR..................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-208 |
|
ZVOL ............................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-208 |
|
^ |
(Power) ................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-209 |
| |
(Where) .................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-209 |
√ |
(Square Root)...................................................................................................................................................... |
3-210 |
∫ |
(Integrate) .............................................................................................................................................................. |
3-211 |
? |
(Undefined) .......................................................................................................................................................... |
3-212 |
∞ |
(Infinity)............................................................................................................................................................. |
3-212 |
Σ |
(Summation) ........................................................................................................................................................ |
3-212 |
Σ+ |
(Sigma Plus) .................................................................................................................................................... |
3-212 |
Σ – |
(Sigma Minus) ................................................................................................................................................. |
3-213 |
π |
(Pi) .......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-213 |
∂ |
(Derivative) ........................................................................................................................................................... |
3-213 |
! |
(Factorial)............................................................................................................................................................... |
3-214 |
% |
(Percent)............................................................................................................................................................... |
3-214 |
_ |
(Unit attachment) ................................................................................................................................................ |
3-215 |
« » (Program delimeters)...................................................................................................................................... |
3-215 |
|
< |
(Less than) ........................................................................................................................................................... |
3-215 |
≤ (Less than or Equal)............................................................................................................................................. |
3-216 |
|
> |
(Greater than)...................................................................................................................................................... |
3-217 |
≥ (Greater than or Equal)........................................................................................................................................ |
3-218 |
|
≠ |
(Not equal)............................................................................................................................................................. |
3-219 |
* |
(Multiply) ................................................................................................................................................................ |
3-219 |
+ |
(Add) ..................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-220 |
– |
(Subtract) ............................................................................................................................................................... |
3-222 |
/ |
(Divide)................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-223 |
= |
(Equal) .................................................................................................................................................................. |
3-223 |
== |
(Logical Equality) ............................................................................................................................................ |
3-224 |
! |
(Store) .................................................................................................................................................................... |
3-225 |
→ |
(Create Local)...................................................................................................................................................... |
3-225 |
4. Computer Algebra Commands .............................................................................................................................................. |
4-1 |
|
Introduction........................................................................................................................................................................ |
4-1 |
|
CAS Operations ................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-1 |
|
CAS Settings ...................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-2 |
|
|
Selecting CAS Settings ............................................................................................................................................... |
4-2 |
|
The CAS directory, CASDIR...................................................................................................................................... |
4-2 |
|
Points to note when choosing settings ........................................................................................................................ |
4-3 |
Using the CAS.................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-4 |
|
|
Examples and Help ..................................................................................................................................................... |
4-4 |
|
Compatibility with Other Calculators ......................................................................................................................... |
4-4 |
|
Extending the CAS...................................................................................................................................................... |
4-4 |
|
Dealing with unexpected CAS results or messages .................................................................................................... |
4-4 |
ABCUV............................................................................................................................................................................ |
4-12 |
|
ACOS2S.......................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-12 |
|
ADDTMOD...................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-12 |
|
ADDTOREAL ................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-13 |
|
ALGB ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-13 |
|
ARIT................................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-13 |
|
ASIN2C ........................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-14 |
|
ASIN2T............................................................................................................................................................................ |
4-14 |
|
ASSUME......................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-14 |
|
Contents - 15
ATAN2S.......................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-15 |
AUGMENT ..................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-15 |
AXL.................................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-15 |
AXM................................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-16 |
AXQ................................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-16 |
BASIS.............................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-16 |
C2P.................................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-17 |
CASCFG......................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-17 |
CASCMD ........................................................................................................................................................................ |
4-17 |
CHINREM....................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-17 |
CHOLESKY.................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-18 |
CIRC................................................................................................................................................................................ |
4-18 |
COLLECT ....................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-19 |
CONSTANTS................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-19 |
CURL............................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-19 |
CYCLOTOMIC............................................................................................................................................................... |
4-20 |
DEDICACE..................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-20 |
DEF ................................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-20 |
DEGREE......................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-21 |
DERIV ............................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-21 |
DERVX............................................................................................................................................................................ |
4-21 |
DESOLVE....................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-22 |
DIAGMAP ....................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-22 |
DIFF................................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-23 |
DISTRIB.......................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-23 |
DIV................................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-23 |
DIV2................................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-23 |
DIV2MOD ....................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-24 |
DIVIS ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-24 |
DIVMOD ......................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-25 |
DIVPC ............................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-25 |
DOMAIN ......................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-25 |
DROITE .......................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-26 |
dn..................................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-26 |
EGCD.............................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-27 |
EPSX0............................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-27 |
EULER ............................................................................................................................................................................ |
4-28 |
EXLR ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-28 |
EXP&LN.......................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-28 |
EXP2HYP ....................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-28 |
EXP2POW...................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-29 |
EXPAND ......................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-29 |
EXPANDMOD................................................................................................................................................................ |
4-30 |
EXPLN ............................................................................................................................................................................ |
4-30 |
FACTOR ......................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-30 |
FACTORMOD................................................................................................................................................................ |
4-31 |
FACTORS ...................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-31 |
FCOEF............................................................................................................................................................................ |
4-31 |
FDISTRIB ....................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-32 |
FOURIER ....................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-32 |
FROOTS......................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-33 |
FXND............................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-33 |
GAUSS ........................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-33 |
GBASIS........................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-34 |
GCD................................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-34 |
GCDMOD ....................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-35 |
GRAMSCHMIDT ........................................................................................................................................................... |
4-35 |
GREDUCE ..................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-35 |
HADAMARD................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-36 |
Contents - 16
HALFTAN........................................................................................................................................................................ |
4-36 |
HELP ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-36 |
HERMITE........................................................................................................................................................................ |
4-37 |
HESS............................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-37 |
HILBERT......................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-37 |
HORNER ........................................................................................................................................................................ |
4-38 |
IABCUV........................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-38 |
IBASIS............................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-38 |
IBERNOULLI .................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-39 |
IBP ................................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-39 |
ICHINREM...................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-40 |
IDIV2................................................................................................................................................................................ |
4-40 |
IEGCD ............................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-40 |
ILAP ................................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-41 |
IMAGE............................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-41 |
INT ................................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-41 |
INTEGER ........................................................................................................................................................................ |
4-42 |
INTVX.............................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-42 |
INVMOD.......................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-42 |
IQUOT ............................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-43 |
IREMAINDER................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-43 |
ISOM................................................................................................................................................................................ |
4-43 |
ISPRIME? ....................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-44 |
JORDAN ......................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-44 |
KER ................................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-45 |
LAGRANGE.................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-45 |
LAP .................................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-45 |
LAPL................................................................................................................................................................................ |
4-46 |
LCM ................................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-46 |
LCXM............................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-46 |
LDEC ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-47 |
LEGENDRE.................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-47 |
LGCD............................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-48 |
LIMIT................................................................................................................................................................................ |
4-48 |
lim..................................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-48 |
LIN ................................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-48 |
LINSOLVE ...................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-49 |
LNAME............................................................................................................................................................................ |
4-49 |
LNCOLLECT .................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-49 |
LOCAL............................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-50 |
LVAR ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-50 |
MAD................................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-51 |
MAIN................................................................................................................................................................................ |
4-51 |
MATHS............................................................................................................................................................................ |
4-51 |
MATR .............................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-52 |
MENUXY......................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-52 |
MKISOM.......................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-53 |
MODSTO ........................................................................................................................................................................ |
4-53 |
MODULAR...................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-53 |
MSLV............................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-54 |
MULTMOD...................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-54 |
NEXTPRIME .................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-55 |
P2C.................................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-55 |
PA2B2 ............................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-55 |
PARTFRAC .................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-56 |
PCAR............................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-56 |
PMINI............................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-56 |
POLYNOMIAL................................................................................................................................................................ |
4-57 |
POTENTIAL.................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-57 |
Contents - 17
POWEXPAND................................................................................................................................................................ |
4-57 |
POWMOD....................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-58 |
PREVAL.......................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-58 |
PREVPRIME.................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-58 |
PROPFRAC ................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-59 |
PTAYL............................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-59 |
QUOT.............................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-59 |
QXA................................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-60 |
RCLVX ............................................................................................................................................................................ |
4-60 |
REF ................................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-60 |
REMAINDER.................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-61 |
REORDER ..................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-61 |
RESULTANT.................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-61 |
REWRITE ....................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-62 |
RISCH ............................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-62 |
RREF............................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-62 |
rref ................................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-63 |
RREFMOD ..................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-63 |
SERIES........................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-64 |
SEVAL............................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-64 |
SIGMA............................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-65 |
SIGMAVX ....................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-65 |
SIGNTAB........................................................................................................................................................................ |
4-65 |
SIMP2 ............................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-66 |
SIMPLIFY ....................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-66 |
SINCOS .......................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-67 |
SOLVE ............................................................................................................................................................................ |
4-67 |
SOLVEVX....................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-68 |
STORE............................................................................................................................................................................ |
4-68 |
STOVX............................................................................................................................................................................ |
4-68 |
STURM ........................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-69 |
STURMAB...................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-69 |
SUBST ............................................................................................................................................................................ |
4-69 |
SUBTMOD ..................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-70 |
SYLVESTER .................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-70 |
SYST2MAT .................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-71 |
TABVAL .......................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-71 |
TABVAR ......................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-71 |
TAN2CS2 ....................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-72 |
TAN2SC.......................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-72 |
TAN2SC2 ....................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-73 |
TAYLOR0 ....................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-73 |
TCHEBYCHEFF............................................................................................................................................................ |
4-73 |
TCOLLECT..................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-74 |
TESTS............................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-74 |
TEXPAND....................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-74 |
TLIN................................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-74 |
TRIG................................................................................................................................................................................ |
4-75 |
TRIGCOS ....................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-75 |
TRIGO............................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-76 |
TRIGSIN ......................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-76 |
TRIGTAN........................................................................................................................................................................ |
4-76 |
TRUNC ........................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-77 |
TSIMP ............................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-77 |
UNASSIGN..................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-77 |
UNASSUME................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-78 |
UNBIND .......................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-78 |
VANDERMONDE.......................................................................................................................................................... |
4-78 |
VER ................................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-79 |
Contents - 18
VPOTENTIAL................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-79 |
XNUM.............................................................................................................................................................................. |
4-79 |
XQ.................................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-80 |
ZEROS............................................................................................................................................................................ |
4-80 |
? ....................................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-81 |
∞....................................................................................................................................................................................... |
4-81 |
5. Equation Reference ............................................................................................................................................................... |
5-1 |
Columns and Beams (1) ..................................................................................................................................................... |
5-3 |
Elastic Buckling (1, 1) ................................................................................................................................................ |
5-4 |
Eccentric Columns (1, 2)............................................................................................................................................. |
5-4 |
Simple Deflection (1, 3).............................................................................................................................................. |
5-5 |
Simple Slope (1, 4)...................................................................................................................................................... |
5-5 |
Simple Moment (1, 5) ................................................................................................................................................. |
5-6 |
Simple Shear (1, 6)...................................................................................................................................................... |
5-6 |
Cantilever Deflection (1, 7)......................................................................................................................................... |
5-7 |
Cantilever Slope (1, 8) ................................................................................................................................................ |
5-7 |
Cantilever Moment (1, 9)............................................................................................................................................ |
5-8 |
Cantilever Shear (1, 10) .............................................................................................................................................. |
5-8 |
Electricity (2) ..................................................................................................................................................................... |
5-9 |
Coulomb's Law (2, 1)................................................................................................................................................ |
5-10 |
Ohm's Law and Power (2, 2)..................................................................................................................................... |
5-10 |
Voltage Divider (2, 3) ............................................................................................................................................... |
5-11 |
Current Divider (2, 4)................................................................................................................................................ |
5-11 |
Wire Resistance (2, 5)............................................................................................................................................... |
5-11 |
Series and Parallel R (2, 6)........................................................................................................................................ |
5-12 |
Series and Parallel C (2, 7)........................................................................................................................................ |
5-12 |
Series and Parallel L (2, 8)........................................................................................................................................ |
5-13 |
Capacitive Energy (2, 9) ........................................................................................................................................... |
5-13 |
Inductive Energy (2, 10) ........................................................................................................................................... |
5-13 |
RLC Current Delay (2, 11) ....................................................................................................................................... |
5-14 |
DC Capacitor Current (2, 12).................................................................................................................................... |
5-14 |
Capacitor Charge (2, 13)........................................................................................................................................... |
5-14 |
DC Inductor Voltage (2, 14) ..................................................................................................................................... |
5-14 |
RC Transient (2, 15).................................................................................................................................................. |
5-15 |
RL Transient (2, 16).................................................................................................................................................. |
5-15 |
Resonant Frequency (2, 17) ...................................................................................................................................... |
5-16 |
Plate Capacitor (2, 18) .............................................................................................................................................. |
5-16 |
Cylindrical Capacitor (2,19)...................................................................................................................................... |
5-16 |
Solenoid Inductance (2, 20) ...................................................................................................................................... |
5-17 |
Toroid Inductance (2, 21).......................................................................................................................................... |
5-17 |
Sinusoidal Voltage (2, 22) ........................................................................................................................................ |
5-18 |
Sinusoidal Current (2, 23)......................................................................................................................................... |
5-18 |
Fluids (3) .......................................................................................................................................................................... |
5-18 |
Pressure at Depth (3, 1)............................................................................................................................................. |
5-19 |
Bernoulli Equation (3, 2) .......................................................................................................................................... |
5-19 |
Flow with Losses (3, 3)............................................................................................................................................. |
5-20 |
Flow in Full Pipes (3, 4)............................................................................................................................................ |
5-21 |
Forces and Energy (4) ...................................................................................................................................................... |
5-21 |
Linear Mechanics (4, 1) ............................................................................................................................................ |
5-22 |
Angular Mechanics (4, 2).......................................................................................................................................... |
5-23 |
Centripetal Force (4, 3) ............................................................................................................................................. |
5-23 |
Hooke's Law (4, 4).................................................................................................................................................... |
5-23 |
1D Elastic Collisions (4, 5) ....................................................................................................................................... |
5-24 |
Drag Force (4, 6)....................................................................................................................................................... |
5-24 |
Law of Gravitation (4, 7) .......................................................................................................................................... |
5-24 |
Mass-Energy Relation (4, 8) ..................................................................................................................................... |
5-24 |
Gases (5) .......................................................................................................................................................................... |
5-25 |
Ideal Gas Law (5, 1).................................................................................................................................................. |
5-25 |
Ideal Gas State Change (5, 2).................................................................................................................................... |
5-26 |
Contents - 19
Isothermal Expansion (5, 3)...................................................................................................................................... |
5-26 |
Polytropic Processes (5, 4)........................................................................................................................................ |
5-26 |
Isentropic Flow (5, 5) ............................................................................................................................................... |
5-26 |
Real Gas Law (5, 6) .................................................................................................................................................. |
5-27 |
Real Gas State Change (5, 7) .................................................................................................................................... |
5-27 |
Kinetic Theory (5, 8) ................................................................................................................................................ |
5-28 |
Heat Transfer (6).............................................................................................................................................................. |
5-28 |
Heat Capacity (6, 1) .................................................................................................................................................. |
5-29 |
Thermal Expansion (6, 2) ......................................................................................................................................... |
5-29 |
Conduction (6, 3) ...................................................................................................................................................... |
5-29 |
Convection (6, 4) ...................................................................................................................................................... |
5-30 |
Conduction + Convection (6, 5) ............................................................................................................................... |
5-30 |
Black Body Radiation (6, 6) ..................................................................................................................................... |
5-31 |
Magnetism (7).................................................................................................................................................................. |
5-31 |
Straight Wire (7, 1) ................................................................................................................................................... |
5-32 |
Force between Wires (7, 2)....................................................................................................................................... |
5-32 |
Magnetic (B) Field in Solenoid (7, 3)....................................................................................................................... |
5-33 |
Magnetic (B) Field in Toroid (7, 4) .......................................................................................................................... |
5-33 |
Motion (8) ........................................................................................................................................................................ |
5-34 |
Linear Motion (8, 1) ................................................................................................................................................. |
5-35 |
Object in Free Fall (8, 2)........................................................................................................................................... |
5-35 |
Projectile Motion (8, 3)............................................................................................................................................. |
5-35 |
Angular Motion (8, 4)............................................................................................................................................... |
5-36 |
Circular Motion (8, 5)............................................................................................................................................... |
5-36 |
Terminal Velocity (8, 6) ........................................................................................................................................... |
5-36 |
Escape Velocity (8, 7)............................................................................................................................................... |
5-36 |
Optics (9) ......................................................................................................................................................................... |
5-37 |
Law of Refraction (9, 1) ........................................................................................................................................... |
5-37 |
Critical Angle (9, 2).................................................................................................................................................. |
5-38 |
Brewster's Law (9, 3)................................................................................................................................................ |
5-38 |
Spherical Reflection (9, 4) ........................................................................................................................................ |
5-39 |
Spherical Refraction (9, 5)........................................................................................................................................ |
5-39 |
Thin Lens (9, 6) ........................................................................................................................................................ |
5-39 |
Oscillations (10)............................................................................................................................................................... |
5-40 |
Mass-Spring System (10, 1)...................................................................................................................................... |
5-41 |
Simple Pendulum (10, 2) .......................................................................................................................................... |
5-41 |
Conical Pendulum (10, 3) ......................................................................................................................................... |
5-42 |
Torsional Pendulum (10, 4) ...................................................................................................................................... |
5-42 |
Simple Harmonic (10, 5) .......................................................................................................................................... |
5-42 |
Plane Geometry (11) ........................................................................................................................................................ |
5-43 |
Circle (11, 1)............................................................................................................................................................. |
5-44 |
Ellipse (11, 2)............................................................................................................................................................ |
5-44 |
Rectangle (11, 3)....................................................................................................................................................... |
5-45 |
Regular Polygon (11, 4)............................................................................................................................................ |
5-45 |
Circular Ring (11, 5)................................................................................................................................................. |
5-46 |
Triangle (11, 6) ......................................................................................................................................................... |
5-46 |
Solid Geometry (12) ........................................................................................................................................................ |
5-47 |
Cone (12, 1) .............................................................................................................................................................. |
5-47 |
Cylinder (12, 2)......................................................................................................................................................... |
5-48 |
Parallelepiped (12, 3)................................................................................................................................................ |
5-48 |
Sphere (12, 4) ........................................................................................................................................................... |
5-49 |
Solid State Devices (13)................................................................................................................................................... |
5-49 |
PN Step Junctions (13, 1) ......................................................................................................................................... |
5-51 |
NMOS Transistors (13, 2) ........................................................................................................................................ |
5-52 |
Bipolar Transistors (13, 3)........................................................................................................................................ |
5-53 |
JFETs (13, 4) ............................................................................................................................................................ |
5-53 |
Stress Analysis (14) ......................................................................................................................................................... |
5-54 |
Normal Stress (14, 1)................................................................................................................................................ |
5-55 |
Shear Stress (14, 2) ................................................................................................................................................... |
5-56 |
Contents - 20
Stress on an Element (14, 3) ..................................................................................................................................... |
5-56 |
Mohr's Circle (14, 4) ................................................................................................................................................. |
5-57 |
Waves (15) ....................................................................................................................................................................... |
5-57 |
Transverse Waves (15,1)........................................................................................................................................... |
5-58 |
Longitudinal Waves (15, 2) ...................................................................................................................................... |
5-58 |
Sound Waves (15, 3)................................................................................................................................................. |
5-58 |
References ........................................................................................................................................................................ |
5-59 |
6. The Development Library ..................................................................................................................................................... |
6-1 |
Section 1 - Introduction...................................................................................................................................................... |
6-1 |
Section 2 – The tools of the development library .............................................................................................................. |
6-1 |
APEEK............................................................................................................................................................................... |
6-1 |
PEEK.................................................................................................................................................................................. |
6-1 |
POKE ................................................................................................................................................................................. |
6-1 |
PEEKARM......................................................................................................................................................................... |
6-2 |
POKEARM ........................................................................................................................................................................ |
6-2 |
A→ ..................................................................................................................................................................................... |
6-2 |
→A..................................................................................................................................................................................... |
6-2 |
→RAM............................................................................................................................................................................... |
6-2 |
A→H .................................................................................................................................................................................. |
6-2 |
H→A .................................................................................................................................................................................. |
6-2 |
CD→ .................................................................................................................................................................................. |
6-3 |
→CD .................................................................................................................................................................................. |
6-3 |
→H..................................................................................................................................................................................... |
6-3 |
H→ ..................................................................................................................................................................................... |
6-3 |
S→H................................................................................................................................................................................... |
6-3 |
H→S................................................................................................................................................................................... |
6-3 |
SREV ................................................................................................................................................................................. |
6-3 |
MAKESTR......................................................................................................................................................................... |
6-4 |
SERIAL.............................................................................................................................................................................. |
6-4 |
→S2.................................................................................................................................................................................... |
6-4 |
XLIB~ ................................................................................................................................................................................ |
6-4 |
CRC.................................................................................................................................................................................... |
6-4 |
S~N .................................................................................................................................................................................... |
6-4 |
R~SB .................................................................................................................................................................................. |
6-5 |
SB~B .................................................................................................................................................................................. |
6-5 |
LR~R.................................................................................................................................................................................. |
6-5 |
LC~C.................................................................................................................................................................................. |
6-5 |
COMP→ ............................................................................................................................................................................ |
6-5 |
→ALG................................................................................................................................................................................ |
6-5 |
→PRG ................................................................................................................................................................................ |
6-6 |
→LST................................................................................................................................................................................. |
6-6 |
Section 3 - CRLIB.............................................................................................................................................................. |
6-6 |
Section 4 - ASM................................................................................................................................................................. |
6-8 |
Section 5 – Disassemblers................................................................................................................................................ |
6-34 |
ASM→ ............................................................................................................................................................................. |
6-34 |
ARM→............................................................................................................................................................................. |
6-35 |
Section 6 – The Entry Point Library: Extable .................................................................................................................. |
6-35 |
nop.................................................................................................................................................................................... |
6-35 |
GETNAME ...................................................................................................................................................................... |
6-35 |
GETADR.......................................................................................................................................................................... |
6-36 |
GETNAMES .................................................................................................................................................................... |
6-36 |
A. Error and Status Messages................................................................................................................................................... |
A-1 |
B. Table of Units ...................................................................................................................................................................... |
B-1 |
C. System Flags........................................................................................................................................................................ |
C-1 |
D. Reserved Variables.............................................................................................................................................................. |
D-1 |
Contents of the Reserved Variables .................................................................................................................................. |
D-2 |
αENTER............................................................................................................................................................................ |
D-2 |
ALRMDAT ....................................................................................................................................................................... |
D-2 |
Contents - 21
βENTER............................................................................................................................................................................ |
D-3 |
CST ................................................................................................................................................................................... |
D-3 |
ENVSTACK ..................................................................................................................................................................... |
D-4 |
EQ ..................................................................................................................................................................................... |
D-4 |
EXITED ............................................................................................................................................................................ |
D-4 |
EXPR ................................................................................................................................................................................ |
D-4 |
IOPAR .............................................................................................................................................................................. |
D-4 |
MASD.INI ........................................................................................................................................................................ |
D-6 |
MHpar............................................................................................................................................................................... |
D-6 |
Mpar.................................................................................................................................................................................. |
D-6 |
n1, n2, … .......................................................................................................................................................................... |
D-6 |
Nmines .............................................................................................................................................................................. |
D-6 |
PPAR ................................................................................................................................................................................ |
D-6 |
PRTPAR ........................................................................................................................................................................... |
D-8 |
REALASSUME................................................................................................................................................................ |
D-8 |
STARTED ........................................................................................................................................................................ |
D-8 |
STARTEQW..................................................................................................................................................................... |
D-9 |
STARTERR ...................................................................................................................................................................... |
D-9 |
STARTOFF ...................................................................................................................................................................... |
D-9 |
STARTRECV ................................................................................................................................................................... |
D-9 |
STARTSEND ................................................................................................................................................................... |
D-9 |
STARTUP......................................................................................................................................................................... |
D-9 |
s1, s2, … ........................................................................................................................................................................... |
D-9 |
TOFF................................................................................................................................................................................. |
D-9 |
VPAR................................................................................................................................................................................ |
D-9 |
ZPAR .............................................................................................................................................................................. |
D-10 |
ΣDAT.............................................................................................................................................................................. |
D-10 |
ΣPAR .............................................................................................................................................................................. |
D-11 |
E. Technical Reference ............................................................................................................................................................. |
E-1 |
Object Sizes ....................................................................................................................................................................... |
E-1 |
Symbolic Integration Patterns............................................................................................................................................ |
E-2 |
Trigonometric Expansions ................................................................................................................................................. |
E-4 |
Source References.............................................................................................................................................................. |
E-5 |
F. Parallel Processing with Lists ............................................................................................................................................... |
F-1 |
G. Keyboard Shortcuts............................................................................................................................................................. |
G-1 |
H. The Menu-Number Table.................................................................................................................................................... |
H-1 |
I. The Command Menu-Path Table............................................................................................................................................ |
I-1 |
J. ASCII Character Codes and Translations............................................................................................................................... |
J-1 |
Index .................................................................................................................................................................................. |
Index-1 |
Contents - 22
1
RPL Programming
If you've used a calculator or computer before, you're probably familiar with the idea of programs. Generally speaking, a program is something that gets the calculator or computer to do certain tasks for you -- more than a built-in command might do. In the hp49g+/hp48gII, a program is an object that does the same thing.
Understanding Programming
An hp49g+/hp48gII program is an object with « » delimiters containing a sequence of numbers, commands, and other objects you want to execute automatically to perform a task.
For example, a program that takes a number from the stack, finds its factorial, and divides the result by 2 would look like this: « ! 2 / » or
«
!
2
/
»
The Contents of a Program
As mentioned above, a program contains a sequence of objects. As each object is processed in a program, the action depends on the type of object, as summarized below.
Actions for Certain Objects in Programs
Object |
Action |
Command |
Executed. |
Number |
Put on the stack. |
Algebraic or `Algebraic` |
Algebraic put on the stack. |
String |
Put on the stack. |
List |
Put on the stack. |
Program |
Put on the stack. |
Global name (quoted) |
Put on the stack. |
Global name (unquoted) |
! Program executed. |
|
! Name evaluated. |
|
! Directory becomes current. |
|
! Other object put on the stack. |
Local name (quoted) |
Put on the stack. |
Local name (unquoted) |
Contents put on the stack |
|
|
As you can see from this table, most types of objects are simply put on the stack — but built-in commands and programs called by name cause execution. The following examples show the results of executing programs containing different sequences of objects.
RPL Programming 1-1
Examples of Program Actions
Program |
|
Results |
|
« 1 2 » |
|
2: |
1 |
|
|
1: |
2 |
« "Hello" {A B}» |
2: |
"Hello" |
|
|
|
1: |
{ A B } |
« '1+2' |
» |
1: |
'1+2' |
« '1+2' |
NUM» |
1: |
3 |
« « 1 2 + » » |
1: « 1 2 + » |
||
« « 1 2 |
+ » EVAL » |
1: |
3 |
|
|
|
|
Programs can also contain structures. A structure is a program segment with a defined organization. Two basic kinds of structure are available:
!Local variable structure. The command defines local variable names and a corresponding algebraic or program object that's evaluated using those variables.
!Branching structures. Structure words (like DO… UNTIL…END) define conditional or loop structures to control the order of execution within a program.
A local variable structure has one of the following organizations inside a program:
«name1 … namen ' algebraic ' »
«name1 … namen « program » »
The command removes n objects from the stack and stores them in the named local variables. The algebraic or program object in the structure is automatically evaluated because it’s an element of the structure – even though algebraic and program objects are put on the stack in other situations. Each time a local variable name appears in the algebraic or program object, the variable’s contents are substituted.
So the following program takes two numbers from the stack and returns a numeric result:
« a b 'ABS(a-b)' »
Calculations in a Program
Many calculations in programs take data from the stack. Two typical ways to manipulate stack data are:
!Stack commands. Operate directly on the objects on the stack.
!Local variable structures. Store the stack objects in temporary local variables, then use the variable names
to represent the data in the following algebraic or program object.
Numeric calculations provide convenient examples of these methods. The following programs use two numbers from the stack to calculate the hypotenuse of a right triangle using the formula x2 + y2.
«SQ SWAP SQ + ƒ »
«x y « x SQ y SQ + ƒ » »
«x y 'ƒ(x^2+y^2)' »
The first program uses stack commands to manipulate the numbers on the stack – the calculation uses stack syntax. The second program uses a local variable structure to store and retrieve the numbers – the calculation uses stack syntax. The third program also uses a local variable structure — the calculation uses algebraic syntax. Note that the underlying formula is most apparent in the third program. This third method is often the easiest to write, read, and debug.
1-2 RPL Programming
Entering and Executing Programs
A program is an object – it occupies one level on the stack, and you can store it in a variable.
To enter a program:
1.Press @%.The PRG annunciator appears, indicating program-entry mode is active.
2.Enter the commands and other objects (with appropriate delimiters) in order for the operations you want the program to execute.
!Press #to separate consecutive numbers.
!Press ™to move past closing delimiters.
3.Optional: Press @ë(newline) to start a new line in the command line at any time.
4.Press `to put the program on the stack.
In Program-entry mode (PRG annunciator on), command keys aren't executed -- they're entered in the command line instead. Only nonprogrammable operations such as ƒand Jare executed.
Line breaks are discarded when you press `.
To enter commands and other objects in a program:
! Press the keyboard or menu key for the command or object. All commands can also be selected from the @µlist.
This guide assumes that Flag -117 is clear, so that you see menus rather than choose boxes wherever possible. Also RPN mode should be set.
or
! Type the characters using the alpha keyboard.
Refer to the hp49g+/hp48gII User’s Guide for how to use the alpha keyboard.
In this guide an abbreviated convention is used whereby invocations of the alpha keyboard are not always shown. In the next example we show:
OVOLKwhere the alpha "VOL" can be entered as shown: O~~VOL ~K(assuming Flag -60 is clear).
To store or name a program:
1.Enter the program on the stack.
2.Enter the variable name (with ' delimiters) and press K.
You can choose descriptive names for programs. Here are some ideas of what the name can describe:
!The calculation or action. Examples: SPH (spherical-cap volume), SORT (sort a list).
!The input and output. Examples: X FX (x to f (x)), RH V (radius-and -height to volume).
!The technique. Example: SPHLV (spherical-cap volume using local variables).
To execute a program:
!Press Jthen the menu key for the program name. or
!Enter the program name (with no delimiters) and press `. or
!Put the program name in level 1 and press N. or
!Put the program object in level 1 and press N.
RPL Programming 1-3
To stop an executing program:
! Press −.
Example: Enter a program that takes a radius value from the stack and calculates the volume of a sphere of radius r using
V = 43 π r3
If you were going to calculate the volume manually after entering the radius on the stack, you might press these keys:
3Q!ì*4`3/*@ï
Enter the same keystrokes in a program. (@ëjust starts a new line.)
@% 3Q!ì*4#3/*
@ë@ï
Put the program on the stack.
`
Store the program in variable VOL. Then put a radius of 4 on the stack and run the VOL program. OVOL K
4 J%VOL%
The program is
« 3 ^ œ * 4 3 / * NUM »
Example: Replace the program from the previous example with one that's easier to read. Enter a program that uses a local variable structure to calculate the volume of a sphere. The program is
« r '4/3*œ*r^3' NUM »
(You need to include NUM because π causes a symbolic result, unless Flag -2 or Flag -3 is set)
Enter the program. (@ëjust starts a new line.)
@% @ér #
O4 /3 *!ì*
r Q3 ™@ë@ï
Put the program on the stack, store it in VOL, and calculate the volume for a radius of 4. OVOLK
4 %VOL%
1-4 RPL Programming
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