Honeywell KLN 94 User Manual

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Pilot’s Guide

KLN 94

 

Bendix/King®

 

GPS Navigation System

 

ORS 01, 02 and 03

WARNING

Prior to export of this document, review for export license requirement is needed.

COPYRIGHT NOTICE

Copyright ©2000-2002 Honeywell International Inc. All rights reserved.

Reproduction of this publication or any portion thereof by any means without the express written permission of Honeywell International Inc. is prohibited. For further information contact the Manager, Technical Publications; Honeywell; One Technology Center; 23500 West 105th Street; Olathe, Kansas 66061. Telephone: (913) 782-0400.

KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide

006-18207-0000

Operational Revision Status

ORS 01, 02 and 03

July 2002

The ORS level is annunciated on the Turn-on page each time power is applied to the KLN 94 (see figure 3-3). Features limited to specific ORS levels are so designated in the text of this manual. The operational differences between ORS levels are described below.

ORS 02: Operational characteristics are similar to ORS 01 with the exception of the following primary differences:

(1)Enhanced waypoint scanning on the Nav 4 map page encircles the waypoint whose identifier is contained in the waypoint scan field. In addition, pressing the ENT button brings up the waypoint page for the selected waypoint. See section 3.11.4.11.

(2)Procedure turns and holding patterns associated with approaches, DPs, and STARs are displayed on the map. See section 3.11.4.12.

(3)New airport map icons now distinguish between airports having hard surface runways vs. soft surface runways and show the orientation of the longest runway if available. See section 3.11.4.7.

(4)New highway map icons are used for the Atlantic International and Pacific International databases. See section 3.11.4.7.

(5)There is a new message that appears if the database card is removed while the KLN 94 is operational. See Appendix B.

(6)The default value for intersections has been changed from 2NM to OFF on the SET 7 page.

(7)A software problem was fixed which now allows updating of the Aeronautical database with a computer via diskettes or the Internet. See sections 2.4.1 and 2.4.2.

(8)The Database page has been modified to display the region for the Land database. See section 3.2.

(9)Approaches which have the format of “RNAV # 18L” can now be accomodated. The “#” is a letter or number that designates there is more than one approach of a given type (i.e. RNAV) to the same runway. This format has been adopted by the FAA and other international aviation agencies.

Example 1: There could be RNAV Y 18L and RNAV Z 18L approaches at the same airport.

Example 2: There could be RNAV 1 09L and RNAV 2 09L approaches at the same airport

ORS 03: Operational characteristics are similar to ORS 02 with the exception that Special Use Airspace inner rings may be displayed on the Nav 4 map page. See section 3.11.4.4.

NOTE: A white border is used around data on some of the figures in this Pilot's Guide to indicate that the data inside the border is flashing.

WARNING: The KLN 94 displays GPS-derived altitude on the AUX 1 page. Due to many factors, GPS altitude may typically be several hundred feet in error. Do not use the GPS-derived altitude for navigation.

IMPORTANT: Special installation procedures must be followed in order for the KLN 94 to be certified for IFR En route, Terminal and Non-precision Approach use. If these procedures are followed, the KLN 94 can be used for IFR use. Consult the aircraft’s KLN 94 Flight Manual Supplement for the operating limitations of this unit.

IMPORTANT: The KLN 94 has two software configuration numbers, one for the boot software and one for the application software. It may be useful for you to obtain these software configuration numbers to aid maintenance personnel if service is required on your KLN 94. The boot software configuration number is displayed on a label located on the KLN 94’s top cover. The bottom of the label reads “BOOT SOFTWARE MOD” followed by the four digit configuration number. The application software configuration number is available on the top line of the Auxiliary (AUX) 14 page. It reads “SW REVISION” followed by a four digit configuration number. These software configuration numbers should have been recorded in the aircraft’s logbook at the time of KLN 94 installation or time of a later software update.

Revision History and Instructions

Manual

KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide

Revision

2, July 2002

Part Number

006-18207-0000

This revision incorprates software changes for ORS 03.

R-1

Revision History and Instructions

Manual

KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide

Revision

1, March 2001

Part Number

006-18207-0000

This revision incorprates software changes for ORS 02.

R-2

Revision History and Instructions

Manual

KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide

Revision

0, September 2000

Part Number

006-18207-0000

This is the original version of this publication.

R-3

This page intentionally left blank.

R-4

KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide

Table of Contents

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION ............................................................................

 

i

KLN 94 SNEAK PREVIEW ...............................................................

 

ii

HOW-TO INDEX ..........................................................................

 

iv

1. KLN 94 System Components ..................................................

 

1-1

2. Database ........................................................................

 

2-1

2.1. Functions of the Database ................................................

 

2-1

2.2. Database Contents and Coverage Areas .........................

 

2-1

2.3. ICAO Identifiers .................................................................

 

2-4

2.4. Updating the Database .....................................................

 

2-4

2.4.1. Computer Updating of the Database (diskettes)

...2-6

2.4.2. Computer Updating of the Database (internet) ......

2-8

2.4.3. Card Exchange Updating of the Database ............

2-8

2.5. User Defined Database .....................................................

 

2-9

2.6. Database Update Service Options ...................................

 

2-9

3. Basic GPS Operation ................................................................

 

3-1

3.1. Coverage Area ..................................................................

 

3-1

3.2. Turn-on and Self Test .......................................................

 

3-1

3.3. Display Format ..................................................................

 

3-9

3.4. Basic Operation of Panel Controls ..................................

 

3-12

3.4.1. Page Selection ......................................................

 

3-12

3.4.2. Data Entry ..............................................................

 

3-14

3.4.3. The Duplicate Waypoint Page ..............................

 

3-16

3.5. Message Page ................................................................

 

3-18

3.6 Scratchpad Messages .....................................................

 

3-18

3.7. Initialization and Time to First Fix ...................................

 

3-19

3.8. Selecting and Scanning Waypoints ................................

 

3-21

3.8.1. Selecting Waypoints by Identifier ..........................

 

3-21

TOC-1

Table of Contents

3.8.2. Selecting Waypoints by Scanning .........................

3-23

3.8.3. Selecting Waypoints by Name or City ..................

3-24

3.9. “Nearest” Functions ........................................................

3-27

3.9.1. Viewing the Nearest Waypoints ............................

3-28

3.9.1.1

Nearest Airport Criteria ................................

3-28

3.9.1.2

Continuous Display of Nearest Airport ........

3-29

3.9.2. Viewing the Nearest Special Use Airspaces ........

3-30

3.9.3. Viewing the Nearest Flight Service Station

 

Frequencies

.....................................................................

3-31

3.9.4. Viewing the Nearest Center Frequencies .............

3-32

3.10. Direct To Operation .......................................................

3-33

3.10.1. Initiating ............................................a Direct To

3-34

3.10.2. Cancelling .........................................a Direct To

3-36

3.10.3. Waypoint ..........Alerting for Direct To Operation

3-36

3.11. Navigation Pages ..........................................................

3-37

3.11.1. The Navigation ..........................1 (NAV 1) Page

3-37

3.11.2. The Navigation ..........................2 (NAV 2) Page

3-39

3.11.3. The Navigation ..........................3 (NAV 3) Page

3-40

3.11.4. The Navigation 4 (NAV 4) Page – Moving Map .3-40

3.11.4.1 ............Selecting The NAV 4 (Map) Page

3-40

3.11.4.2 .................................NAV 4 Page Format

3-41

3.11.4.3. ...Selecting What Is Shown On The Map

3-42

3.11.4.4.

Configuring Aeronautical Data For

 

The Map ....................................................................

 

3-42

3.11.4.5. ..................................

Runway Diagrams

3-44

3.11.4.6. .......Configuring Land Data On The Map

3-44

3.11.4.7. ....................Symbols Used On The Map

3-46

3.11.4.8. ................

Selecting The Map Orientation

3-46

TOC-2

KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide

Table of Contents

 

 

3.11.4.9. Changing the Map Range Scale

.............3-47

3.11.4.10

Decluttering The Screen .........................

3-48

3.11.4.11.

Waypoint Scan Feature .........................

3-48

3.11.4.12. Holding Patterns and Procedure Turns .3-50

3.12. Waypoint Pages ............................................................

3-51

3.12.1. Airport Pages .......................................................

3-51

3.12.1.1. The Airport 1 (APT 1) Page .......................

3-51

3.12.1.2. The Airport 2 (APT 2) Page .......................

3-52

3.12.1.3. The Airport 3 (APT 3) Page .......................

3-53

3.12.1.4. The Airport 4 (APT 4) Page ......................

3-54

3.12.1.5. The Airport 5 (APT 5) Page ......................

3-55

3.12.1.6. The Airport 6 (APT 6) Page .......................

3-57

3.12.1.7. The Airport 7 (APT 7) Page ......................

3-58

3.12.1.8. The Airport 8 (APT 8) Page .......................

3-59

3.12.2. VOR Pages .........................................................

3-60

3.12.2.1. The VOR 1 Page ......................................

3-60

3.12.2.2. The VOR 2 Page ......................................

3-61

3.12.3. NDB Page ...........................................................

3-61

3.12.3.1. The NDB 1 Page ......................................

3-61

3.12.4. Intersection Pages ...............................................

3-62

3.12.4.1. The Intersection 1 (INT 1) Page ...............

3-62

3.12.4.2. The Intersection 2 (INT 2) Page ...............

3-63

3.12.5. User Waypoint Pages ........................................

3-63

3.12.5.1. The User 0 (USR 0) Page .........................

3-63

3.12.5.2. The User 1 (USR 1) Page ........................

3-64

3.12.5.3. The User 2 (USR 2) Page ........................

3-64

3.12.5.4. The User 3 (USR 3) Page .........................

3-64

TOC-3

Table of Contents

3.13. Special Use Airspace Alerting ......................................

3-66

3.14. Remote Mounted Annunciators ....................................

3-69

3.15 QuickTune™ Nav/Comm Frequency Selection .........

3-70

3.15.1. Quicktune™ Operation with One

 

Compatible NAV/COMM .................................................

3-71

3.15.2. Quicktune™ Operation with More Than One

 

Compatible NAV/COMM .................................................

3-72

3.16. Using the Take-home Mode .........................................

3-72

3.17 Sample Trip ...................................................................

3-74

3.17.1 Pre-departure ......................................................

3-74

3.17.2 En route ...............................................................

3-75

3.17.3 Terminal Area ......................................................

3-76

4. Flight Plan Operation ...............................................................

4-1

4.1. Creating and Modifying Flight Plans .................................

4-1

4.1.1. Creating a Flight Plan .............................................

4-1

4.1.2. Viewing Distance and Desired Track Between

 

Stored Flight Plan Waypoints ............................................

4-4

4.1.3. Activating a Numbered Flight Plan .........................

4-4

4.1.4. Adding a Waypoint to a Flight Plan ........................

4-5

4.1.5. Deleting a Waypoint from a Flight Plan ..................

4-6

4.1.6. Deleting Flight Plans ..............................................

4-7

4.1.7. Storing FPL 0 as a Numbered Flight Plan ..............

4-7

4.2. Operating from the Active Flight Plan ...............................

4-8

4.2.1. General Procedures ................................................

4-8

4.2.2. Turn Anticipation and Waypoint Alerting ...............

4-10

4.2.3. Viewing the Waypoint Pages for the Active

 

Flight Plan Waypoints ......................................................

4-11

4.2.4. Combining Direct To and Flight Plan Operation ...

4-12

4.2.4.1 Direct To Operation From The Map .............

4-12

TOC-4

KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide

Table of Contents

 

 

4.2.4.2 Direct To Operation From Any Page ...........

4-12

4.2.4.3 Direct To Operation From The FPL 0 Page 4-13

4.2.4.4 Cancelling Direct To Operation ....................

4-13

4.2.5. Viewing Distance, ETE, ETA, or Desired Track to

 

Flight Plan Waypoints ......................................................

 

4-14

4.2.6 Changing The System Time Zone

........................

4-15

5. Intermediate Operation ............................................................

 

5-1

5.1. Altitude pages ...................................................................

 

5-1

5.2. Advisory VNAV Operation .................................................

 

5-3

5.2.1. VNAV for Direct To Operation .................................

 

5-3

5.2.2. VNAV for Flight Plan Operation ..............................

 

5-6

5.3. Altitude Alerting .................................................................

 

5-6

5.4. Creating User-defined Waypoints ....................................

 

5-9

5.4.1. Creating a Waypoint at Your Present Position .....

5-10

5.4.2. Creating a Waypoint at a Certain

Latitude/

 

Longitude ......................................................................

 

5-11

5.4.3. Creating a Waypoint Referenced from Another

 

Waypoint ......................................................................

 

5-12

5.5. Navigation Modes ...........................................................

 

5-14

5.5.1. Selecting the Leg Mode or the OBS mode ...........

5-14

5.5.2. The Leg Mode .......................................................

 

5-14

5.5.3. The OBS Mode ......................................................

 

5-15

5.5.4.Switching From the Leg Mode to the OBS mode .5-17

5.5.5.Effects of Switching From OBS Mode to

Leg Mode ......................................................................

5-17

5.5.6. Going Direct To a Waypoint While in the

 

OBS Mode .....................................................................

5-18

5.5.7. Activating a Waypoint While in the OBS Mode .....

5-18

5.6. Changing the CDI Scale Factor ......................................

5-19

5.7. Avionics Bus Voltage Alerting ........................................

5-20

TOC-5

Table of Contents

5.8. The Auxilary (AUX) Pages ..............................................

5-21

5.9. Determining the Status of the GPS Signals ....................

5-21

5.10. Calculator (AUX 4 – AUX 11) pages ............................

5-24

5.10.1. The Auxilary 4

(AUX 4) Trip Planning Page .......

5-24

5.10.2. The Auxilary 5

(AUX5) Trip Planning Page ........

5-26

5.10.3.The Auxilary 6 (AUX 6) Pressure Altitude Page .5-27

5.10.4.The Auxilary 7 (AUX 7) Density Altitude Page ...5-28

5.10.5. The Auxilary 8 (AUX 8)

True Airspeed Page

......5-29

5.10.6. The Auxilary 9 (AUX 9)

Wind Page ....................

5-30

5.10.7. The Auxilary 10 (AUX 10) Alarm Page ...............

5-30

5.10.8.The Auxilary 11 (AUX 11) Sunrise/Sunset Page 5-31

5.11.Viewing and Deleting User Waypoints and Waypoint

Remarks (AUX 12 and AUX 13 pages)

.................................5-32

5.11.1. The AUX 12 Page ...............................................

5-32

5.11.2. The AUX 13 Page ...............................................

5-33

5.12. Viewing the KLN 94 Software Status (AUX14 page) .5-34

5.13. The Fuel Management (AUX 15 – AUX 19) Pages

.....5-34

5.13.1. The Auxilary 15 (AUX 15)Fuel Management

 

Page ......................................................................

5-35

5.13.2 The Auxilary 16 (AUX 16) Fuel Management

 

Page ......................................................................

5-36

5.13.3. The Auxilary 17 (AUX 17)Fuel Management

 

Page ......................................................................

5-36

5.13.4.The Auxilary (AUX 18)Fuel Management Page .5-37

5.13.5.The Auxilary (AUX 19) Fuel Management Page 5-37

5.14. The Air Data (AUX 20 – AUX 21) Pages ......................

5-37

5.14.1. The Auxilary 20

(AUX 20)

Air Data Page ...........

5-38

5.14.2. The Auxilary 21

(AUX 21)

Air Data Page ............

5-38

5.15 Viewing and Setting the Date and TimePage ................

5-39

TOC-6

KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide

Table of Contents

 

 

 

5.16. Manual Magnetic Variation Selection ...........................

 

5-41

5.17. Setting the Units of Measure ........................................

 

5-42

6. APPROACHES and DP/STARs ..............................................

 

6-1

6.1. Procedure (PROC) Pages ...............................................

 

6-1

6.2. Non-Precision Approach Operations ................................

 

6-2

6.2.1. Approach Mode Annunciations ..............................

 

6-3

6.2.2. General Procedure for Non-Precision Approaches 6-4

6.2.3. Selecting and Loading An Approach .....................

 

6-6

6.2.4. Interpreting What You See .....................................

 

6-9

6.2.5. Changing Or Deleting An Approach Once

 

Loaded Into The Flight Plan ............................................

 

6-11

6.2.6. GPS Approach Examples ....................................

 

6-13

6.2.7.

Approach Example 1: No Procedure Turn .........

6-13

6.2.8.

Approach Example 2: Radar Vectors

................

6-20

6.2.9. Approach Example 3: Course Reversal with

 

Off-Airport IAF ...............................................................

 

6-24

6.2.10.

Approach Example 4: Course Reversal with

 

On-Airport IAF .................................................................

 

6-26

6.2.11.

Approach Example 5: DME Arc ......................

 

6-30

6.2.12. ILS and other Non-Approved Approaches .........

6-35

6.2.13. Using GPS Distance as a Substitute for DME

 

on Localizer-type Approaches .........................................

 

6-36

6.2.14.

Approach Problems ...........................................

 

6-37

6.3. DP/STAR PROCEDURES .............................................

 

6-39

6.3.1. Selecting a DP ......................................................

 

6-40

6.3.2.

Selecting a STAR ................................................

 

6-42

6.3.3. Editing a DP or STAR ..........................................

 

6-43

6.3.4. Example of a DP Procedure ................................

 

6-45

6.3.5. Example of a STAR Procedure ............................

 

6-47

TOC-7

Table of Contents

APPENDIX A - NAVIGATION TERMS .........................................

A-1

APPENDIX B - MESSAGE PAGE MESSAGES ..........................

B-1

APPENDIX C - SCRATCHPAD MESSAGES ..............................

C-1

APPENDIX D - ABBREVIATIONS ................................................

D-1

STATE ABBREVIATIONS .......................................................

D-1

CANADIAN PROVINCE ABBREVIATIONS ...........................

D-2

COUNTRY ABBREVIATIONS ................................................

D-2

ARTCC ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................

D-8

OTHER ABBREVIATIONS USED ON KLN 94 PAGES .......

D-17

APPENDIX E - LAT/LON CONVERSIONS ..................................

E-1

APPENDIX F - GPS PRIMER ........................................................

F-1

BACKGROUND .......................................................................

F-1

GPS POSITION DETERMINING CONCEPT .........................

F-1

GPS DATA SIGNALS ..............................................................

F-1

GPS SYSTEM SEGMENTS ....................................................

F-2

RAIM ........................................................................

F-3

GPS XPRESS™ CARD 8-CHANNEL RECEIVER .................

F-3

APPENDIX G- OPERATIONAL COMPARISON WITH KLN 89B G-1

TOC-8

KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide

Introduction

 

 

INTRODUCTION

Congratulations for choosing the Bendix/King KLN 94 GPS! Celestial navigation will now be a way of life for you. The phenomenal accuracy of GPS, along with the KLN 94’s user-friendly operation and color graphics display will make flying a delight. Not only will the KLN 94 help you to navigate more easily and more accurately, its trip planning features, air data calculations, and other useful features will make you feel like you’re flying with a true flight management system.

In addition, KLN 94 may be IFR approved for En route, Terminal, and Non-precision Approach operations. We think you’ll find that having an abundance of navigational data (not to mention a moving map!) available to you will make non-precision approaches more precise and more enjoyable.

This Pilot’s Guide will be of great help to you. It is written in plain, simple English and it assumes you are not an experienced user of GPS or other type of long range navigation equipment. If you are experienced, so much the better. This Pilot’s Guide also includes hundreds of sample screen figures and other illustrations to make your learning easier. It is designed so that you can start at the front and progress in the order presented; however, you may want to skip around and learn things in your own order. Also, on page iv, there is an index of frequently used procedures which will help you find the page that describes how to do exactly what you want to do. There are also several appendices in the back of the manual that you may find useful from time to time.

If you are an experienced KLN 89B user, Appendix G outlines the KLN 94’s new features and operational enhancements.

Be sure to keep this Pilot’s Guide handy with you in the airplane. It is designed to fit easily in the glove box, or in the seat pocket.

One last thing. Don’t get so involved in learning to use the KLN 94 that you forget to fly the airplane. Be careful, and remember to keep a close eye out for other aircraft.

i

Introduction

KLN 94 SNEAK PREVIEW

If you absolutely can’t wait to use your KLN 94 until you’ve read this Pilot’s Guide, this section is for you. This short section will teach you just enough to get going and then learn by doing. This operational preview assumes the KLN 94 has been properly installed, the unit was previously operational in the same general geographical location, and that no peripheral equipment interfaced with the KLN 94 (such as external HSI’s, CDI’s, autopilots, moving map display, etc.) is to be used at this time. If you are using this operational preview in flight, do so only in good VFR conditions and only with an alternate means of navigation available to cross-check position.

1.Turn the unit on by pressing the On/Off/Brightness knob (the small knob in lower left hand corner). After the screen changes to full color, rotate the knob to adjust the display brightness to the desired level.

2.For about 50 seconds the Power On Page is displayed while the unit

runs a self-test. (If the unit is in the Take-Home mode a Take-Home page is displayed. Press the F button to acknowledge the TakeHome mode). Afterwards, the Self-test Page is displayed. If the KLN 94 is receiving an altitude from an encoding altimeter, the present

indicated altitude will be displayed on line 2. The bottom line should display Pass with the cursor over a flashing Ok?. Press the Fbutton to approve the Self-test Page.

3.The Initialization Page will now be displayed. If the date and time are incorrect by more than 10 minutes, refer to section 3.2 of this Pilot’s Guide. The right side of the screen should show the identifier of the

nearest airport to the initial position, along with a radial and distance from that airport waypoint. Press F with the cursor flashing over Ok? to approve the Initialization Page.

4.If your KLN 94 has been configured for VFR use only, the VFR page will now be displayed to notify you of the VFR limitation. Press Fto approve this page.

5.The Database Page is now displayed showing the date the database expires or the date it expired. Press Fto acknowledge the information displayed on this page.

ii

KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide

Introduction

 

 

6.Use the right outer knob to turn to the NAV page type. Watch the page bar at the very bottom of the screen. As the outer knob is turned the selected page type becomes reverse video (white letters on a blue background). Turn until NAV is selected. Then use the right inner knob to select the NAV 2 page if not already there. The NAV 2 page shows your present position relative to a nearby VOR. It may take a couple minutes for the GPS receiver to “wake-up” and determine a position. Verify that this position is correct before proceeding.

7.Press the Dbutton. A page with the words DIRECT TO: is now displayed on the screen.

In step 8 you will enter the ICAO identifier of the airport. The identifier will have a “K” prefix for a Continental U.S. airport, a “C” prefix for a Canadian airport, or a “P” prefix (in some cases) for an Alaskan airport if the identifier is all letters. For example, LAX becomes KLAX. For these countries if the identifier contains any numbers, there is no prefix. For example, TX04 is entered TX04. For other areas of the world the airport identifier should be entered identically to how it is charted.

8.Rotate the right inner knob until the first character of the airport identifier is displayed. Turn the right outer knob one step clockwise to move the flashing segment to the second character position. Rotate the right inner knob to select the second character of the identifier. Use this procedure to enter the complete airport identifier.

9.Press F. The display will change to a page showing the identifier,

name, city, and state/country of the airport just entered. Confirm that the correct airport is displayed. Press F a second time to approve the airport data.

10.A Navigation page (specifically the NAV 1 page) is now on the screen. The left side of the display (blue background) shows distance, groundspeed, desired track (DTK is the course to be flown), and actual track (TK is the actual course the aircraft is currently tracking over the ground). The large middle section of the display shows the active waypoint, a course deviation indicator (CDI), bearing to the waypoint, and estimated time en route (ETE). Beneath the CDI are located a digital display of the deviation and the CDI scale.

iii

Introduction

HOW-TO INDEX

This index will help you quickly find important procedures at a glance. The list is alphabetized by action words.

TO:

SEE Section:

Activate one of the previously created numbered flight plans . . . . .

. . . . . . . .4.1.3

Add a waypoint to a flight plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . .4.1.4

Add an individual waypoint in the DP or STAR procedure . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . .6.3.3

Calculate distance, time, and ESA for a flight plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . .5.10.1

Calculate distance, bearing, and time from waypoint to waypoint . . .

. . . . . .5.10.1

Calculate fuel requirements for a flight plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . .5.10.2

Calculate fuel requirements from waypoint to waypoint . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . .5.10.2

Calculate sunrise/sunset times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . .5.10.8

Calculate the density altitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . .5.10.4

Calculate the pressure altitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . .5.10.3

Calculate the true airspeed (TAS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . .5.10.5

Calculate the winds aloft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . .5.10.6

Cancel Direct To operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . .3.10.2

Change between distance and desired track display on a numbered flight

plan page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . .4.1.2

Change between distance, ETE, ETA, and desired track on the FPL 0 page .4.2.5

Change course modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . .5.5

Change or delete an entire DP or STAR procedure from the active

 

flight plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.6.3.3

Change the baro setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . .5.1

Change the CDI scale factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . .5.6

Change the default first waypoint character . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.3.4.2

Change the NAV 2 page present position reference waypoint . . . . . . . . . . .

3.11.2

Change the present fuel on board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.13.1

Change the selected course in OBS mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.5.5.3

Create a flight plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . .4.1

Create a user-defined waypoint at your present position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.5.4.1

Create a user-defined waypoint using the radial/distance method . . . . . . . .

.5.4.3

Create a user-defined waypoint with latitude/longitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.5.4.2

Delete a flight plan which is no longer required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.4.1.6

Delete a user-defined waypoint from the AUX 12 page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.11.1

Delete a waypoint from a flight plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.4.1.5

iv

KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide

Introduction

 

 

TO:

SEE Section:

Delete a waypoint remark from the AUX 13 page . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . .5.11.2

Delete an approach from FPL 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . .6.2.5

Delete an individual waypoint in a DP or STAR procedure . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . .6.3.3

Display the nearest airport continuously . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . .3.9.1.2

Enable the voltage alert feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . .5.7

Enter a user-defined waypoint remark on the USR 3 page . . . . . . . . .

. . . .3.12.5.4

Enter a waypoint identifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . .3.4.2

Enter an airport remark on the APT 6 page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . .3.12.1.6

Enter the local magnetic variation manually on the SET 2 page . . . . .

. . . . . . .5.16

Fly direct to a waypoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . .3.10

Fly direct to a waypoint in the active flight plan (FPL 0) . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . .4.2.4

Initialize the position from the SET 1 page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . .3.7

Perform a manual RAIM calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . .6.2.14

Recenter the D-Bar by going direct to the active waypoint . . . . . . . .

. . . . . .3.10.1

Replace an existing approach, or delete an approach . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . .6.2.5

Select a DP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . .6.3.1

Select a STAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . .6.3.2

Select a VOR or NDB by navaid name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . .3.8.3

Select a waypoint by identifier from a waypoint page . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . .3.8.1

Select a waypoint by scanning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . .3.8.2

Select an airport by scanning the airport name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . .3.8.3

Select an approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . .6.2.3

Set the alarm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . .5.10.7

Set the date on the SET 2 page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . .5.15

Set the time on the SET 2 page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . .5.15

Specify the nearest airport criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . .3.9.1.1

Store the active flight plan as a numbered flight plan . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . .4.1.7

Turn on and initialize the KLN 94 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . .3.2

Update the KLN 94 database by computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . .2.4.1

Use altitude alerting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . .5.3

Use VNAV on a Direct To . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . .5.2

View a message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . .3.5

View the waypoints in the flight plan that are not the active waypoint. . . . . . .4.2.3

View VNAV status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.5.2

v

Chapter 1 System Components

165AKXor155AKX

MODECHAN OBSPULL25KPULL

IDENT TEST TIMER

PULL PULL

STBYNAVSTBY COMM

HEADING

232-RS

SYSTEM

MANAGEMENT

COMPATIBLE

COMPUTER

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COMPATIBLE

 

ALTITUDE

POWER

AIRCRAFT

ANTENNAGPS92KA

DEPENDENT INSTALLATION

INSTALLATIONSAPPROACH IFR FOR REQUIRED

INSTALLATIONS ALL FOR REQUIRED

SYSTEM94 KLN

TSO155AKX G INPUT

QuickTune™ INPUT FUEL

232-RS

NRSTALTOBSMSG

PUSHONBRT INPUT AIR

PROC

CODE GRAY

33V-11

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

232-RS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ı

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CLR D

232-RS OUTPUT

ENT

MNU

RNG

SCAN PULL

CRSR

TSO 94 KLN GPS

LEFT/RIGHT

D-BAR

SELECTED COURSE

 

NAV

GPS

 

MESSAGE

ALERT WPT

MFDs 850 & 550 KMD MOVING OTHER AND DISPLAYS MAP

 

SWITCH/ GPS/NAV

 

 

 

ANNUNCIATOR

ANNUNCIATORS

REMOTE

229 KI

582 KNI

 

 

 

 

24

 

 

 

 

UP

 

DN

AUTOPILOT

 

 

 

21

 

W

 

 

 

 

 

ı

 

S

 

 

 

 

RNRC ı

HDGALT

193KC

GSHDGALTYD

 

 

 

 

 

A

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5

 

 

 

FD 30

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

 

 

 

33

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

12

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

N

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

E

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6

3

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

OR

RMI

PC

APR NAV

 

APR NAV

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

BC

 

BC

 

 

 

 

A D F

 

 

 

 

TEST

 

 

 

 

 

 

2

W

3

 

 

AP ENG

 

AP

 

 

NAV NAV

2

4

 

0

3

 

 

 

 

 

 

B

 

 

 

3

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

 

 

3N

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

S

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

E

 

6

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A D F

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

GS

 

 

525AKI

 

24

W

30

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

21

 

 

33 NAV

HSI

ı

 

 

 

HDG

S

 

6

 

 

 

 

 

 

N

 

 

 

15

 

 

3

 

 

 

 

12

E

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

GS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

OR

 

 

 

OBS

2

W

 

 

 

206KI

B

 

3

 

 

CDI

S

F

TO V GS

3

N

 

 

2

 

 

3

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

N A

 

 

 

 

 

1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

6

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

E

 

 

 

 

OR

825 KI

EHSI

1-0

KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide

Chapter 1 System Components

 

 

1. KLN 94 SYSTEM COMPONENTS

A basic KLN 94 system consists of a panel mounted KLN 94 GPS and a KA 92 GPS antenna. An altitude input is required to obtain full navigation and operational capabilities. Additional system components may be added or interfaced to the KLN 94 which increase its features and capabilities. Some of these optional components include an external course deviation indicator (CDI) or horizontal situation indicator (HSI), autopilot, and external annunciators. Typically, an altitude input and an external indicator are required for IFR approach certification.

The KLN 94 panel mounted unit contains the GPS sensor, the navigation computer, a color LCD Display, and all controls required to operate the unit. It also includes the database card which slides into the left side of the front panel.

The KA 92 GPS “patch” antenna is available for use with the KLN 94. It is designed to always be mounted on the top of the aircraft.

The KLN 94 has analog outputs to drive the left-right deviation bar of most mechanical CDI’s and HSI’s. In addition, the NAV mode of the Bendix/King KAP 140, KFC 150, KAP 150, KAP 150H, KAP 100, KFC 200, KAP 200, KFC 225, KFC 250, KFC 275, KFC 300, and KFC 325 flight control systems may be coupled to the KLN 94. ORS 03 and higher KLN 94 units have a DC roll steering output capable of interfacing with all KFC 225 and some versions of KAP 140 flight control systems. Many other autopilots may also be coupled to the KLN 94. Actual autopilot performance and capability when coupled to the KLN 94 may vary significantly from one autopilot model to another.

Altitude may be provided to the KLN 94 from an encoding altimeter or blind encoder. Altitude is used as an aid in position determination when not enough satellites are in view.

Depending on where the KLN 94 is mounted in the instrument panel, some IFR installations may require remote annunciators to be mounted in the aircraft panel in order to indicate the status of certain KLN 94 functions. En route and terminal IFR certifications require annunciators for message (MSG) and waypoint alert (WPT). Non-precision approach certifications may also require an annunciator to display when the approach mode is armed or active.

1-1

Chapter 1 System Components

Each KLN 94 system includes a configuration module which is attached to the KLN 94 mounting rack. The module allows the KLN 94 to be configured for the unique characteristics of your equipment installation. Parameters that are set by the configuration module include:

Whether the KLN 94 may be used for IFR operations or not, and if it may be used for non-precision approach IFR operations.

Whether or not the altitude alert function in enabled. See section 5.3.

Whether or not an external fuel management system is interfaced to the KLN 94. See section 5.13.

Whether or not an external air data computer is interfaced to the KLN 94. See section 5.14.

The conditions for the aircraft bus voltage alert to activate. See section 5.7.

Whether there are Communication and Navigation radios interfaced with the QuickTune™ feature which allows tuning of the radio from the KLN 94. See section 3.15.

The configuration information is stored both in the module and in the KLN 94 internal memory. If the KLN 94 detects a difference between the configuration stored in the module and the configuration stored in the internal memory (which should only occur following the exchange of a KLN 94), the configuration information will automatically be updated to the configuration specified in the configuration module.

If an error is detected in the configuration data, a warning page stating Configuration Mem Error will be displayed during the KLN 94 start-up sequence, and the configuration memory will be set to arbitrary default values. See an authorized Honeywell Service center to correct the configuration memory error.

1-2

KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide

Chapter 1 System Components

 

 

This page intentionally left blank

1-3

Honeywell KLN 94 User Manual

Chapter 2 Data Base

75°

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

75°

 

 

60°

 

 

 

EUROPE

 

EAST EUR

 

 

 

60°

Region

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CANADA

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Geographical

 

15°

LATIN AM

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

15°

 

45°

USA

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

45°

 

 

30°

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

30°

 

 

 

PACIFIC

 

 

 

 

 

 

MID EAST

 

PACIFIC

 

Database

0-2

0°

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0°

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

15°

 

 

 

 

AFRICA

 

 

 

 

 

15°

 

 

 

 

SOUTH AM

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

30°

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

30°

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

94

 

60°

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

60°

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

KLN1-2

 

45°

SOUTH PAC

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SOUTH PAC

45°

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Figure

 

 

165° 150° 135° 120° 105°

90°

75° 60° 45°

30° 15°

0°

15°

30°

45° 60°

75°

90°

105° 120° 135° 150° 165° 180°

 

 

 

Americas Database

 

Atlantic Database

 

Pacific Database

 

Overlap in Pacific & Atlantic

coverage area

 

coverage area

 

coverage area

 

Database coverage areas

 

 

 

KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide

Chapter 2 Data Base

 

 

2. DATABASE

2.1. FUNCTIONS OF THE DATABASE

The database provides four primary functions. First, it makes pilot interface with the GPS sensor much easier. Rather than having to manually look up and then enter the latitude and longitude for a specific waypoint, it allows you to merely enter a simple waypoint identifier. The database automatically looks up and displays the latitude and longitude associated with the identifier. It should be obvious that the database saves a lot of tedious latitude/longitude entry and also greatly reduces the potential for data input mistakes.

The second function of the database is that it serves as a very convenient means to store and easily access aeronautical information. Want to know the name of the airport, the tower frequency, or the airport elevation? Just turn the knobs and display the information right on the screen.

Thirdly, the KLN 94 database stores the waypoints in their proper sequence that comprise most approaches, arrival procedures, and departure procedures. This allows you to select an approach, STAR, and DP by name as a whole, rather than entering them waypoint by waypoint.

And last but not least, the database furnishes the aeronautical and land data that is displayed on the color moving map display. It is a great aid in providing situational awareness to the pilot.

2.2. DATABASE CONTENTS AND COVERAGE AREAS

There are three database coverage areas available for the KLN 94. They are referred to as the “Americas” database, the “Atlantic International” database, and the “Pacific International” database.

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and Aeronautical Radio, Inc. (ARINC) break the world into the ten geographic regions shown in figure 2-1. The KLN 94 Americas database contains aeronautical information for the group of ICAO regions consisting of Canada, USA, Latin America, and South America. The KLN 94 Atlantic International database provides information for the ICAO regions Europe, Africa, East Europe, and Mid East. Likewise, the Pacific International database contains information for East Europe, Mid East, Pacific, and South Pacific.

The KLN 94 database contains three types of data - aeronautical, cartographic (land), and user. Only the aeronautical data is sourced from Jeppesen Sanderson, Inc. It includes information for airports, navigational aids, navigational procedures (approaches, STARs, and DPs), and other aviation specific data. The cartographic data includes land items such as roads and rivers that can be displayed on the moving map display. User data is the list of waypoints created by the pilot.

2-1

Chapter 2 Data Base

The following is a listing of the KLN 94 database contents:

AERONAUTICAL DATA AIRPORTS

Identifier Name

City, State or Country

Use type (if heliports, military, or private) Latitude and Longitude

Elevation

Runway numbers, lengths, surfaces, and lighting Fuel availability

Approach types available (precision, non-precision, or none) Radar approach/departure environment

Time difference relative to UTC.

Airport Communication & Approach frequencies: ATIS

Clearance delivery Tower

Ground control Unicom Multicom Approach (IFR) Departure (IFR)

Class B, Class C, TRSA, CTA, TMA (VFR) Center (when used for approach)

Arrival

Radar

Director

AWOS (automatic weather observing station) ASOS (automatic surface observation system) AAS (aeronautical advisory service)

AFIS (aerodrome flight information service) ATF (aerodrome traffic frequency)

CTAF (common traffic advisory frequency) RDO (radio frequency)

MF (mandatory frequency) Ramp control

PCL (pilot-controlled lighting)

GCO (ground communication outlet) ILS & LOC type approach

VORs

Identifier Name Frequency

Latitude and Longitude Magnetic variation

2-2

KLN 94 Pilot’s Guide

Chapter 2 Data Base

 

 

NDBs (En Route and Terminal)

Identifier Name Frequency

Latitude and Longitude

(Note - Outer Compass Locators may be stored as an NDB by their NDB identifier or as an intersection by their intersection name)

DMEs associated with ILS/LOC type approaches – Stored with Intersections by the approach identifier (e.g. IJFK)

Identifier

Latitude and Longitude

Intersections (low altitude, high altitude, DP/STAR, approach, and outer markers). Also includes DMEs associated with ILS/LOC type approaches. See DMEs

Identifier

Latitude and Longitude

DP/STAR/Approach Procedures

All compatible pilot-nav DP/STAR procedures

All compatible non-precision and precision approaches. Includes all public GPS-only approaches. Only those non-precision approaches designated on the Airport 8 page with “GPS” may be used to actually execute an approach with the KLN 94.

Miscellaneous

Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC and FIR) frequencies

Flight Service Stations (location of points of communication and associated frequencies)

Minimum Safe Altitudes

Special Use Airspace (SUA) boundaries-Outer and inner* rIngs (Prohibited, Restricted, Alert, Class B, Class C, CTA, TMA, TRSA, Caution, Danger, MOA, Training, Warning)

*ORS 01 and 2 have outer rings only.

LAND DATA

Lakes, rivers, oceans

Roads

Population areas (cities, towns)

Railroads

Political boundaries

Obstacles (towers)

500 USER DEFINED WAYPOINTS

Identifier

Latitude and Longitude

2-3

Chapter 2 Data Base

2.3. ICAO IDENTIFIERS

Waypoints are stored in the KLN 94 database almost exclusively by their ICAO identifiers. ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) is an internationally accepted reference for the data. In almost all cases the proper ICAO identifiers may be taken directly from Jeppesen-Sanderson or NOS aeronautical charts.

Airport identifiers in the contiguous United States, Alaska, and Canada are special cases in the ICAO system. Many airport identifiers for these areas have four letters beginning with a prefix letter that corresponds to the geographic area in which it is located. The prefix letter for the contiguous U.S. is “K”. Thus, the identifier for Orlando Executive Airport is KORL while the VOR identifier is ORL. The prefix letter for Canada is “C” and for Alaska is “P”.

NOTE: There are several exceptions in Alaska. In many cases, airports with three letter identifiers receive the prefix “P”, but there are many that don’t. The most reliable method of determining an Alaska airport identifier is to look it up from the airport name or city. See section 3.8.3, “Selecting Waypoints by Name or City”.

Incidentally, you can program the KLN 94 to default to a certain letter (such as “K”) when you are entering a waypoint identifier. See section 3.4.2, “Data Entry” to learn about this handy feature.

Not all airport identifiers receive the prefix letter. Airport identifiers which are combinations of letters and numbers do not apply to the prefix rule. Examples of airport identifiers not using the prefix are 3C2, 70R5, and M33.

So remember, if you are entering or looking for an airport identifier that is all letters (no numbers) then it will begin with a “K” prefix in the contiguous U.S., a “P” in Alaska (in some cases), or a “C” in Canada. If there are numbers in the identifier then a prefix is not used. For other areas of the world the airport identifier stored in the KLN 94 database is identical to how it is charted.

2.4. UPDATING THE DATABASE

The information stored in the database would eventually become obsolete if there wasn’t some means to update it. For example, new airports open, navaids can move or change frequency, communication frequencies can change, new roads are built, and on and on.

NOTE: By FAA regulation, you are required to have a current navigation database in order to use the KLN 94 for a non-precision approach.

2-4

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