Honeywell 880 User Manual

Honeywell International Inc. Commercial Electronic Systems 5353 W. Bell Rd.

Glendale, Arizona 85308-3912 U.S.A.

(CAGE 55939)

PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather

Radar System

Pilot’s Guide

		Revised January 2006
Printed in U.S.A.	Pub. No. A28--1146--102--03	September 1996

PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System

Table of Contents

Section		Page
1.	INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	1-1
2.	SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	2-1
3.	OPERATING CONTROLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	3-1
	WI880 Weather Radar Indicator Operation . . . . . .	3-1
	WC880 Weather Radar Controller Operation . . . .	3-11
	WC884 Weather Radar Controller Operation . . . .	3-20
	Hidden Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	3-26
	Forced Standby Override . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	3-26
	Roll Offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	3-27
	Roll Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	3-27
	Pitch Offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	3-27
	Pitch Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	3-28
4.	NORMAL OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	4-1
	Preliminary Control Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	4-1
	Standby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	4-4
	Radar Mode - Weather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	4-4
	Radar Mode - Ground Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . .	4-6
	Test Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	4-6
5.	RADAR FACTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-1
	Radar Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-1
	Tilt Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-5
	Stabilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-18
	Dynamic Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-18
	Accelerative Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-18
	Pitch and Roll Trim Adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-19
	Stabilization Precheck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-21
	Roll stabilization check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-25
	Pitch offset adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-28
	Roll gain adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-29
	Pitch gain adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-30
	Interpreting Weather Radar Images . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-31
	Weather Display Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-35
	Variable Gain Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-37

A281146102- 00	Table of Contents
	TC- 1

PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System

Table of Contents (cont)

Section		Page
5.	RADAR FACTS (cont)
	Rain Echo Attenuation Compensation Technique
	(REACT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-37
	Shadowing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-40
	Turbulence Probability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-40
	Turbulence Detection Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-42
	Turbulence Detection Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-45
	Hail Size Probability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-47
	Spotting Hail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-48
	Azimuth Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-53
	Radome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-54
	Weather Avoidance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-55
	Configurations of Individual Echoes (Northern
	Hemisphere) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-60
	Line Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-65
	Additional Hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-68
	Ground Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-69
6.	MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LEVEL	6-1
	(MPEL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.	IN--FLIGHT TROUBLESHOOTING . . . . . . . . . . . . .	7--1
	Test Mode With TEXT FAULTS Enabled . . . . . . . . .	7-2
	Fault Code and Text Fault Relationships . . . . . . . . .	7-5
8.	HONEYWELL PRODUCT SUPPORT . . . . . . . . . .	8-1
9.	ABBREVIATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	9-1
APPENDICES
A	FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION (FAA)	A--1
	ADVISORY CIRCULARS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
	Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	A--1
	Cancellation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	A--1
	Related Reading Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	A--1
	Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	A--2
	Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	A--2

Table of Contents	A28-1146-102-01
TC-2	REV 1

PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System

Table of Contents (cont)

A FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION (FAA)
ADVISORY CIRCULARS (CONT)
SUBJECT: THUNDERSTORMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	A--4
Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	A--4
Related Reading Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	A--4
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	A--4
Hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	A--4
National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL)
Thunderstorm Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	A--11
B ENHANCED GROUND--PROXIMITY WARNING	B--1
SYSTEM (EGPWS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
System Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	B--1
EGPWS Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	B--1
Related EGPWS System Operation . . . . . . . . . .	B--3
EGPWS Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	B--3
EGPWS Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	B--4
EGPWS Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	B--6
INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	Index--1

List of Illustrations

Figure		Page
2--1	PRIMUSR 880 Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	2-2
2--2	Typical PRIMUSR 880 Weather Radar
	Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	2-5
3--1	Typical PRIMUSR 880 Digital Weather Radar
	Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	3-1
3--2	WI--880 Weather Radar Indicator Front Panel
	View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	3-2
3--3	WI--880 Weather Radar Indicator Display Screen
	Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	3-3
3--4	WC--880 Weather Radar Controller Configurations .	3-11
3--5 WC--884 Weather Radar Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . .		3-20
4--1	Indicator Test Pattern 120° Scan (WX), With TEXT
	FAULT Enabled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	4-2
4--2	EFIS Test Pattern (Typical) 120° Scan Shown
	(WX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	4-3
4--3	WI--880 Indicator Test Pattern With TEXT FAULT
	Enabled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	4-4

A28-1146-102-01	Table of Contents
REV 1	TC-3

PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System

Table of Contents (cont)

List of Illustrations (cont)

Figure			Page
5	--1	Positional Relationship of an Airplane and Storm
		Cells Ahead as Displayed on Indicator . . . . . . . . .	5-2
5	--2	Antenna Beam Slicing Out Cross Section of Storm
		During Horizontal Scan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-3
5--3		Sea Returns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-4
5	--4	Radar Beam Illumination High Altitude
		12--Inch Radiator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-5
5	--5	Radar Beam Illumination High Altitude
		18--Inch Radiator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-5
5	--6	Radar Beam Illumination Low Altitude
		12--Inch Radiator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-6
5	--7	Radar Beam Illumination Low Altitude
		18--Inch Radiator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-6
5--8		Ideal Tilt Angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-11
5--9		Earth’s Curvature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-11
5--10		Convective Thunderstorms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-12
5--11		Unaltered Tilt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-12
5--12		Proper Tilt Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-13
5--13		Tilt Management With Heading Changes . . . . . . . .	5-13
5--14		Fast Developing Thunderstorm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-14
5--15		Low Altitude Tilt Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-14
5--16		Antenna Size and Impact on Tilt Management . . . .	5-15
5--17		Rules of Thumb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-15
5--18		Manual Tilt at Low Altitudes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-17
5--19		Symmetrical Ground Returns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-22
5--	20	Ground Return Indicating Misalignment
		(Upper Right) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-22
5--	21	Ground Return Indicating Misalignment
		(Upper Left) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-23
5--22		Roll Stabilization Inoperative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-24
5--23		Roll Offset Adjustment Display -- Initial . . . . . . . . . .	5-26
5--24		Roll Offset Adjustment Display -- Final . . . . . . . . . .	5-27
5--25		Weather Radar Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-31
5--26		Radar and Visual Cloud Mass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-33
5--27		Squall Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-34
5--28		REACT ON and OFF Indications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-39
5--	29	Probability of Turbulence Presence in a Weather
		Target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-41
5--30		Total Return Vector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-44
5--31		No Turbulence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-44

Table of Contents	A28-1146-102-01
TC-4	REV 1

PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System

Table of Contents (cont)

List of Illustrations (cont)

Figure		Page
5--32	Turbulent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-45
5--33	Weather Display With Turbulence . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-45
5--34	Turbulence Levels (From Airman’s Information
	Manual) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-47
5--35	Hail Size Probability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-48
5--36	Rain Coming From Unseen Dry Hail . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-49
5--37	Familiar Hailstorm Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-50
5--38	Overshooting a Storm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-51
5--39	Short-- and Long--Blind Alley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-52
5--40	Azimuth Resolution in Weather Modes . . . . . . . . . .	5-53
5--41	Weather Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-55
5--42	Typical Hook Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-61
5--43	V--Notch Echo, Pendant Shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-62
5--44	The Classic Pendant Shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-63
5--45	Rain Gradients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-64
5--46	Crescent Shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-65
5--47	Line Echo Wave Pattern (LEWP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-66
5--48	Bow--Shaped Line of Thunderstorms . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-67
5--49	Ground Mapping Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	5-69
6--1	MPEL Boundary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	6-1
7--1	Fault Annunciation on Weather Indicator With TEXT
	FAULT Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	7-3
7--2	Fault Code on EFIS Weather Display With TEXT
	FAULTS Disabled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	7-4
7--3	Radar Indication With Text Fault Enabled
	(On Ground) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	7-4
A--1	Schematic Cross Section of a Thunderstorm . . . . .	A--6
B--1	EHSI Display Over KPHX Airport With the
	EGPWS Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	B--5
B--2	EGPWS Test Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	B--6

A28-1146-102-01	Table of Contents
REV 1	TC-5

PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System

Table of Contents (cont)

List of Tables

Table				Page
2--1		Dual Control Mode Truth Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		2-3
2--2		PRIMUSR 880 Weather Radar Equipment List . . . .		2-4
3--1		Rainfall Rate Color Coding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		3-4
3--2		Target Alert Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		3-7
3--3		Rainfall Rate Color Coding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		3-13
3	--4	WC--	880 Controller Target Alert Characteristics . . .	3-17
3	--5	WC--	884 Controller Target Alert Characteristics . . .	3-21
3--6		Rainfall Rate Color Coding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		3-24
4--1		PRIMUSR 880 Power--Up Procedure . . . . . . . . . .		4-1
5	--1	Approximate Tilt Setting for Minimal Ground Target
		Display 12--Inch Radiator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		5-8
5	--2	Approximate Tilt Setting for Minimal Ground Target
		Display 18--Inch Radiator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		5-9
5	--3	Approximate Tilt Setting for Minimal Ground Target
		Display 24--Inch Radiator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		5-10
5--4		Pitch and Roll Trim Adjustments Criteria . . . . . . . .		5-20
5	--5	Stabilization In Straight and Level Flight Check
		Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		5-21
5--6		Stabilization in Turns Check Procedure . . . . . . . .		5-23
5--7		In--flight Roll Offset Adjustment Procedure . . . . . .		5-25
5--8		Pitch Offset Adjustment Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . .		5-28
5--9		Roll Gain Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		5-29
5--10		Pitch Gain Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		5-30
5--	11	Display Levels Related to VIP Levels (Typical) . .		5-36
5--12		Severe Weather Avoidance Procedures . . . . . . . .		5-60
5--	13	TILT Setting for Maximal Ground Target Display
		12--Inch Radiator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		5-70
5--	14	TILT Setting for Maximal Ground Target Display
		18--Inch Radiator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		5-71
7--1		Fault Data Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		7-3
7--2		Text Faults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		7-5
7--3		Pilot Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		7-8
B--1		EGPWS Obstacle Display Color Definitions . . . . . .		B--4

Table of Contents	A28-1146-102-01
TC-6	REV 1

PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System

1.Introduction

The PRIMUSR 880 Digital Weather Radar System is a lightweight, X- band digital radar with alphanumerics designed for weather detection (WX) and ground mapping (GMAP).

The primary purpose of the system is to detect storms along the flightpath and give the pilot a visual indication in color of their rainfall intensity and turbulence content. After proper evaluation, the pilot can chart a course to avoid these storm areas.

WARNING

THE	SYSTEM	PERFORMS	THE	FUNCTIONS OF
WEATHER DETECTION OR GROUND MAPPING. IT SHOULD
NOT BE	USED	NOR RELIED	UPON	FOR PROXIMITY

WARNING OR ANTICOLLISION PROTECTION.

In weather detection mode, storm intensity levels are displayed in four bright colors contrasted against a deep black background. Areas of very heavy rainfall appear in magenta, heavy rainfall in red, less severe rainfall in yellow, moderate rainfall in green, and little or no rainfall in black (background). Areas of detected turbulence appear in soft white. The antenna sweep position indicator is a yellow bar.

Range marks and identifying numerics, displayed in contrasting colors, are provided to facilitate evaluation of storm cells.

Select the GMAP function to optimize system parameters to improve resolution and enhance identification of small targets at short ranges. The reflected signal from ground surfaces is displayed as magenta, yellow, or cyan (most to least reflective).

NOTE: Section V, Radar Facts, describes a variety of radar operating topics. It is recommended that you read Section V, Radar Facts, before learning the specific operational details of the PRIMUSâ 880 Digital Weather Radar System.

A281146102- 00	Introduction
	1-1

PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System

The radar indicator is equipped with the universal digital interface (UDI). This feature expands the use of the radar indicator to display information such as checklists, short and long range navigation displays (when used with a Honeywell DATA NAV system) and electrical discharge data from Honeywell’s LSZ850 Lightning Sensor System (LSS).

NOTE: Refer to Honeywell Pub. 28114654, LSZ850 Lightning Sensor System Pilot’s Handbook, for more information.

Introduction	A281146102- 00
1-2

PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System

2.System Configurations

The PRIMUSâ 880 Digital Weather Radar System can be operated in many configurations to display weather or ground mapping information on a radar indicator, electronic flight instrument system (EFIS) display, multifunction display (MFD), or on a combination of these displays. The various system configurations are summarized in the following paragraphs and shown in figure 2- 1.

NOTE: Other configurations are possible but not illustrated.

The standalone configuration consists of two units: receiver transmitter antenna (RTA), and a dedicated radar indicator. In this configuration, the radar indicator contains all the controls to operate the PRIMUSâ 880 Digital Weather Radar System. A single or dual Honeywell EFIS can be added to the standalone configuration. In such a case the electronic horizontal situation indicator (EHSI) repeats the data displayed on the radar indicator. System control remains with the radar indicator.

The second system configuration uses an RTA, and single or dual controllers. The single or dual EFIS is the radar display. Since there is no radar indicator in this configuration, the radar system operating controls are located on the controller. With a single controller, all cockpit radar displays are identical.

The dual configuration gives the appearance of having two radar systems on the aircraft. In the dual configuration, the pilot and copilot each select independent radar mode, range, tilt, and gain settings for display on their respective display. The dual configuration time shares the RTA. On the rightto- leftantenna scan, the system switches to the mode, range, tilt, and gain selected by the left controller and updates the left display. On the reverse antenna scan, the system switches to the mode, range, tilt, and gain setting selected by the right controller and updates the right display. Either controller can be slaved to the other controller to show identical images on both sides of the cockpit.

NOTE: When WAIT, SECTOR SCAN, or FORCED STANDBY are activated, the radar operates as if in single controller configuration. This is an exception to the ability of each pilot to independently select modes.

A281146102- 00	System Configurations
	2-1

PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System

STANDALONE CONFIGURATION

RTA

INDICATOR

WU880

WI880

SINGLE OR DUAL EFIS OPTION
EFIS ONLY CONFIGURATION
RTA	CONTROLLER
WU880			WC880
			TRB	STAB	TGT	SECT
	PULL	WX	RCT		PULL	+
	VAR	SBY	GMAP		ACT
		OFF	FP
	MIN GAIN MAX		TST		TILT -
		RADAR		SLV
			TRB	STAB	TGT	SECT
	PULL	WX	RCT		PULL	+
	VAR	SBY	GMAP		ACT
		OFF	FP
	MIN GAIN MAX		TST		TILT -
		RADAR		SLV
SINGLE OR DUAL EFIS		OPTIONAL
	2ND CONTROLLER
EFIS / MFD CONFIGURATION
RTA	CONTROLLER
WU880			WC880
			TRB	STAB	TGT	SECT
	PULL	WX	RCT		PULL	+
	VAR	SBY	GMAP		ACT
		OFF	FP
	MIN GAIN MAX		TST		TILT -
		RADAR		SLV
			TRB	STAB	TGT	SECT
	PULL	WX	RCT		PULL	+
	VAR	SBY	GMAP		ACT
		OFF	FP
	MIN GAIN MAX		TST		TILT -
		RADAR		SLV
MFD AND		OPTIONAL
	2ND CONTROLLER
SINGLE OR DUAL EFIS					AD46690R2@

PRIMUSâ 880 Configurations

Figure 2- 1

System Configurations	A281146102- 00
2-2

PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System

The third system configuration is similar to the second except that a Honeywell multifunction display (MFD) system is added. As before, single or dual controllers can be used. When a single controller is used, all displays show the same radar data. Dual controllers are used to operate in the dual mode. The MFD can be slaved to either controller to duplicate the data displayed on the selected side. Table 2- 1 is a truth table for dual control modes.

Left	Right
Controller	Controller	Left Side	Right Side	RTA
Mode	Mode	(NOTE 1)	(NOTE 1)	Mode
OFF	OFF	OFF	OFF	OFF
OFF	Standby	”SLV”	Standby	Standby
		Standby
Standby	OFF	Standby	”SLV”	Standby
			Standby
OFF	ON	”SLV”ON	ON	ON
ON	OFF	ON	”SLV”ON	ON
Standby	ON	Standby/	ON/2	ON
		2
ON	Standby	ON/2	Standby/2	ON
ON	ON	ON/2	ON/2	ON
Standby	Standby	Standby	Standby	Standby

Dual Control Mode Truth Table

Table 2- 1

A281146102- 00	System Configurations
	2-3

PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System

NOTES: 1. ON is used to indicate any selected radar mode.

2.“SLV” means that displayed data is controlled by opposite side controller.

3.XXX/2 means that display is controlled by appropriate on--side control for the antenna sweep direction associated with that control. (/2 implies two controllers are on.)

4.In standby, the RTA is centered in azimuth with 15_ upward tilt. Video data is suppressed. The transmitter is inhibited.

5.The MFD, if used, can repeat either left-- or right--side data, depending upon external switch selection.

Equipment covered in this guide is listed in table 2--2 and shown in figure 2--2.

Model	Unit	Part No.
Cockpit Mounted Options
WI--880	Weather Radar Indicator	7007700--401/402/
		403/404
WC--880	Weather Radar Controller	7008471--4XX
WC--884	Weather Radar Controller	7006921--815/816
Remote Mounted Equipment
WU--880	Receiver Transmitter Antenna	7021450--801

NOTE: Typically, either the indicator or one of the remote controllers (one or two) is installed.

PRIMUSR 880 Weather Radar Equipment List

Table 2--2

System Configurations	A28-1146-102-03
2-4	REV 3

PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System

WU880 RTA

WC884 CONTROLLER

WI880 INDICATOR

WC880 CONTROLLER AD46691@

Typical PRIMUSâ 880 Weather Radar Components

Figure 2- 2

A281146102- 00	System Configurations
	2-5/(2-6 blank)

PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System

3.Operating Controls

WI880 WEATHER RADAR INDICATOR OPERATION

All controls used to operate the system display shown in figure 3- 1, are located on the WI880 Weather Radar Indicator front panel. There are three basic controllers that are described in this section, they are (in order of description):

D WI880 Weather Radar Indicator

D WC880 Weather Radar Controller

D WC884 Weather Radar Controller.

AUTO	+1.0
TILT
	50

40	AZ

30

20

1 2 3 4 T

10

Typical PRIMUSâ 880 Digital

Weather Radar Display

Figure 3- 1

The controls and display features of the WI880 Weather Radar Indicator are indexed and identified in figure 3- 2. Brightness levels for all legends and controls on the indicator are controlled by the dimming bus for the aircraft panel.

A281146102- 00	Operating Controls
	3-1

PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System

	6	7
		TRB
	5	RANGE
		STB

4	RCT					8
						AZ
3	TGT					9
						SCT
1
	WXGMAPFP					BRT
2	SBY	TST	PULL	GAIN	TILT +	10
	OFF		VAR
			MIN	MAX	PULL
					ACT -
			12		11
					SBY LX
					OFF	CLR
						TST
					BRT	10

AD46693R1@

WI880 Weather Radar Indicator Front Panel View

Figure 3- 2

1 Display Area

See figure 3- 3 and the associated text which explains the alphanumeric display.

Operating Controls	A281146102- 00
3-2

		PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System
	TARGET/TARGET ALERT:
	T	ARM (GREEN)
	TGT ALERT (YELLOW INVERTED VIDEO)
		TILT ANGLE		ALTITUDE
	FAIL			COMPENSATED
		A		TILT (ACT)
	NOTE STB			ANNUNCIATION
	REACT: RCT			RANGE RING
				MARKERS
	MODE:			(120DEGREE
	STBY			SCAN SHOWN)
	FSBY
	WAIT	COLOR BAR:
	TEST
		1 2 3 4 T WX CALIBRATED GAIN
	WX
		V A R !	WX VARIABLE GAIN
	WX/T
	FLTPLN	1 2 3 GMAP CALIBRATED GAIN
	GMAP	V A R GMAP VARIABLE GAIN
	NOTE:MESSAGES ARE LISTED	1 2 3 4 T WX/T CALIBRATED GAIN
	IN PRIORITY ORDER.	V A R !	WX/T VAR
				AD46694R2@

WI880 Weather Radar Indicator Display Screen Features

Figure 3- 3

2 Function Switch

A rotary switch used to select the following functions:

D OFF- This position turns off the radar system.

D SBY (Standby) - This position places the radar system in standby, a ready state, with the antenna scan stopped, the transmitter inhibited, and the display memory erased. STBY, in white, is shown

in the mode field.

If SBY is selected before the initial RTA warmup period is complete (approximately 90 seconds), the white WAIT legend is shown in the mode field. When warmup is complete the system changes the

mode field to STBY.

D WX (Weather) - This position selects the WX mode of operation. When WX is selected, the system is fully operational and all internal parameters are set for enroute weather detection. The

alphanumerics are white and WX is shown in the mode field.

A281146102- 00	Operating Controls
	3-3

PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System

If WX is selected before the initial RTA warmup period is over (approximately 90 seconds), the white WAIT legend is displayed in the mode field. In wait mode, the transmitter and antenna scan are inhibited and the display memory is erased. When the warmup is complete, the system automatically switches to the WX mode.

The system, in preset gain, is calibrated as listed in table 4- 1.

Rainfall Rate		Color
in/hr	mm/hr
.04- .16	1- 4	Green
.16- .47	4- 12	Yellow
.47- 2	1250	Red
> 2	>5 0	Magenta

Rainfall Rate Color Coding

Table 3- 1

D GMAP (Ground Mapping) - The GMAP position puts the radar system in the ground mapping mode. The system is fully operational and all parameters are set to enhance returns from

ground targets.

NOTE: REACT, TGT, or TURB modes are not selectable in GMAP.

WARNING

WEATHER TYPE TARGETS ARE NOT CALIBRATED WHEN THE RADAR IS IN THE GMAP MODE. BECAUSE OF THIS, DO NOT USE THE GMAP MODE FOR WEATHER DETECTION.

As a constant reminder that GMAP is selected, the alphanumerics are changed to green, the GMAP legend is shown in the mode field, and the color scheme is changed to cyan, yellow, and magenta. Cyan represents the least reflective return, yellow is a moderate

return, and magenta is a strong return.

If GMAP is selected before the initial RTA warmup period is complete, the white WAIT legend is shown in the mode field. In wait mode, the transmitter and antenna scan are inhibited and the memory is erased. When the warmup period is complete, the

system automatically switches to the GMAP mode.

D FP (Flight Plan) - The FP position puts the radar system in the flight plan mode, which clears the screen of radar data so ancillary data

can be displayed. Examples of this data are:

Operating Controls	A281146102- 00
3-4

PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System

DFP (Flight Plan) -- The FP position puts the radar system in the flight plan mode, which clears the screen of radar data so ancillary data can be displayed. Examples of this data are:

—Navigation displays

—Electrical discharge (lightning) data.

NOTE: In the FP mode, the radar RTA is put in standby, the alphanumerics are changed to cyan, and the FLTPLN legend is shown in the mode field.

The target (TGT) alert mode can be used in the FP mode. With target alert on and the FP mode selected, the target alert armed annunciation (green TGT) is displayed. The RTA searches for a hazardous target from 5 to 55 miles and ±7.5° of the aircraft heading. No radar targets are displayed. If a hazardous target is detected, the target alert armed annunciation switches to the alert annunciation (yellow TGT). This advises the pilot that a hazardous target is in his flightpath and the WX mode should be selected to view it.

NOTE: The TGT function is inoperative when a checklist is displayed.

DTST (Test) -- The TST position selects the radar test mode. A special test pattern is displayed to verify system operation. The TEST legend is shown in the mode field. Refer to Section 4, Normal Operations, for a description of the test pattern.

WARNING

UNLESS THE SYSTEM IS IN FORCED STANDBY, THE TRANSMITTER IS ON AND RADIATING X--BAND MICROWAVE ENERGY IN TEST MODE. REFER TO SECTION 6, MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LEVEL (MPEL), AND THE APPENDIX, FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION (FAA) ADVISORY CIRCULARS, TO PREVENT POSSIBLE HUMAN BODY DAMAGE.

FSBY (Forced Standby)

FSBY is an automatic, nonselectable radar mode. As an installation option, the indicator can be wired to the weight--on--wheels (WOW) squat switch. When wired, the RTA is in the FSBY mode when the aircraft is on the ground. In FSBY mode, the transmitter and antenna scan are both inhibited, the display memory is erased, and the FSBY legend is displayed in the mode field. When in the FSBY mode, pushing the STAB button 4 times within 3 seconds, restores normal operation.

A28-1146-102-03	Operating Controls
REV 3	3-5

PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System

WARNING

FORCED STANDBY MODE MUST BE VERIFIED BY THE OPERATOR TO ENSURE SAFETY FOR GROUND PERSONNEL.

3 TGT (Target)

The TGT button is an alternateaction switch that enables and disables the radar target alert feature. Target alert is selectable in all but the 300mile range. When selected, target alert monitors beyond the selected range and 7.5° on each side of the aircraft heading. If a return with target alert characteristics is detected in the monitored area, the target alert legend changes from the green T armed condition to the yellow TGT warning condition. (See the target alert characteristics in table 3- 2 for a target description.) These annunciations advise the pilot of potentially hazardous targets directly in front of the aircraft that are outside the selected range. When a yellow warning is received, the pilot should select longer ranges to view the questionable target. (Note that target alert is inactive within the selected range.)

Selecting target alert forces the system to preset gain. Target alert can be selected only in the WX or FP modes.

NOTE: In order to activate the target alert warning, the target must have the depth and range characteristics described in table 3- 2.

Operating Controls	A281146102- 00
3-6

PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System

Selected Range	Minimum Target	Target Range
(NM)	Depth (NM)	(NM)
5	5	5- 55
10	5	1060
25	5	2575
50	5	50100
100	5	100150
200	5	200250
300	N/A	N/A
FP (Flight Plan)	5	5- 55

Target Alert Characteristics

Table 3- 2

4RCT (Rain Echo Attenuation Compensation Technique (REACT))

The RCT switch is an alternateaction switch that enables and disables REACT.

The REACT circuitry compensates for attenuation of the radar signal as it passes through rainfall. The cyan field indicates areas where further compensation is not possible. Any target detected within the cyan field cannot be calibrated and should be considered dangerous. All targets in the cyan field are displayed as fourth level precipitation, magenta.

REACT is available in the WX mode only and selecting REACT forces the system to preset gain. When engaged, the white RCT legend is displayed in the REACT field.

NOTES: 1. REACT’S three main functions (attenuation compensation, cyan field, and forcing targets to magenta) are switched on and off with the RCT switch.

2.Refer to Section 5, Radar Facts, for a description of REACT.

5 STB (Stabilization)

The STB button toggles pitch and roll stabilization ON and OFF. It is also used with the STB adjust mode and to override forced standby.

The radar antenna is normally attitude stabilized. It automatically compensates for roll and pitch maneuvers (refer to Section 5, Radar Facts, for a description of stabilization). The STB OFF annunciator is displayed on the screen.

A281146102- 00	Operating Controls
	3-7

PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System

The radar antenna is normally attitude stabilized. It automatically compensates for roll and pitch maneuvers (refer to Section 5, Radar Facts, for a description of stabilization). The STB OFF annunciator is displayed on the screen.

6 TRB (Turbulence)

The TRB switch is used to select the turbulence detection mode of operation. The TRB mode can only be selected if the FUNCTION switch is in the WX position and the selected range is 50 miles or less. The weather/turbulence mode is annunciated in the mode field with the WX/T legend. Areas of moderate or greater turbulence are shown in soft white. The turbulence threshold is five meters per second.

WARNINGS

1.TURBULENCE CAN ONLY BE DETECTED WITHIN AREAS OF RAINFALL. THE PRIMUSR 880 DIGITAL WEATHER RADAR

SYSTEM CANNOT DETECT CLEAR AIR TURBULENCE.

2.UNDETECTED TURBULENCE CAN EXIST WITHIN ANY STORM CELL. REFER TO SECTION 5, RADAR FACTS, OF THIS GUIDE FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.

Selecting the 100--, 200--, or 300--mile range turns off turbulence detection. The /T is deleted from the mode annunciation. Subsequently selecting ranges of 50 miles or less re--engages turbulence detection.

A description of the turbulence detection capabilities and limitations is given in Section 5 , Radar Facts, of this guide.

7 RANGE

The RANGE buttons are two momentary--contact buttons used to select the operating range of the radar. The range selections are from 5 to 300 NM full scale. In FP mode, additional ranges of 500 and 1000 NM are available. The up arrow selects increasing ranges, and the down arrow selects decreasing ranges. Each of the five range rings on the display has an associated marker that annunciates its range.

8 AZ (Azimuth)

The AZ button is an alternate--action switch that enables and disables the electronic azimuth marks. When enabled, azimuth marks at 30_ intervals are displayed. The azimuth marks are the same color as the other alphanumerics.

9 SCT (Scan Sector)

Operating Controls	A28-1146-102-03
3-8	REV 3

PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System

10 BRT (Brightness) or BRT/LSS (Lightning Sensor System)

The BRT knob is a singleturn control that adjusts the brightness of the display. Clockwise (cw) rotation increases display brightness and counterclockwise (ccw) rotation decreases brightness.

An optional BRT/LSS fourposition rotary switch selects the separate LSZ850 Lightning Sensor System (LSS) operating modes and the brightness control on some models. Its LSS control switch positions are as follows:

D OFF - This position removes all power from the LSS.

DSBY (Standby) - This position inhibits the display of LSS data, but the system accumulates data in this mode.

DLX (Lightning Sensor System) - In this position the LSS is fully operational and data is being displayed on the indicator.

D CLR/TST (Clear/Test) - In this position accumulated data is cleared from the memory of the LSS. After 3 seconds the test mode is initiated in the LSS. Refer to the LSZ850 Lightning Sensor System Pilot’s Handbook, for a detailed description of LSS operation.

11 TILT

The TILT knob is a rotary control that is used to select the tilt angle of the antenna beam with relation to the horizon. CW rotation tilts beam upward to +15_; ccw rotation tilts beam downward to - 15_.

A digital readout of the antenna tilt angle is displayed on the CRT, with 0.5_ resolution.

D PULL ACT (Altitude Compensated Tilt) Function - When the TILT control knob is pulled out, the system engages the ACT. In ACT the antenna tilt is automatically adjusted with regard to the selected range and barometric altitude. The antenna tilt automatically readjusts with changes in altitude and/or selected range. In ACT, the

tilt control can fine tune the autotilt setting by ±2°.

ACT is annunciated with an A following the digital tilt readout. The digital tilt readout always shows the commanded tilt of the antenna regardless of the tilt command source (ACT command or manual tilt

command).

WARNINGS

1.TO AVOID FLYING UNDER OR OVER STORMS, FREQUENTLY SELECT MANUAL TILT TO SCAN BOTH ABOVE AND BELOW YOUR FLIGHT LEVEL.

2.ALWAYS USE MANUAL TILT FOR WEATHER ANALYSIS.

A281146102- 00	Operating Controls
	3-9

PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System

12 GAIN

The GAIN knob is a singleturn rotary control and push/pull switch that is used to control the receiver gain. Push in on the GAIN switch to enter the system into the preset calibrated gain mode. Calibrated gain is the normal mode and is used for weather avoidance. In calibrated gain, the rotary portion of the GAIN control does nothing. In calibrated gain, the color bar legend is labeled 1,2,3,4 in WX mode or 1,2,3 in GMAP mode.

Pull out on the GAIN switch to enter the system into the variable gain mode with VAR displayed in the color bar. Variable gain is useful for additional weather analysis and for ground mapping. In WX mode, variable gain can increase receiver sensitivity over the calibrated level to show very weak targets or it can be reduced below the calibrated level to eliminate weak returns.

WARNING

HAZARDOUS TARGETS MAY BE ELIMINATED FROM THE DISPLAY WITH LOW SETTINGS OF VARIABLE GAIN.

In the GMAP mode, variable gain is used to reduce the level of the typically very strong returns from ground targets.

Minimum gain is with the control at its full ccw position. Gain increases as the control is rotated cw from full ccw . At full cw position, the gain is at maximum.

In variable gain, the color bar legend contains the variable gain (VAR) annunciation. Selecting RCT or TGT forces the system into calibrated gain.

Operating Controls	A281146102- 00
3-10

PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System

WC880 WEATHER RADAR CONTROLLER OPERATION

The controls and display features of the WC880 Weather Radar Controller are indexed and identified in figure 3- 4. Brightness levels for all legend and controls on the indicator are controlled by the dimming bus for the aircraft panel.

	7		6		5		4	3
					OFF
				TRB	STAB		TGT	SECT
		PULL	WX	RCT	SBY	LX	PULL	+
		VAR	SBY	GMAP OFF			CLR ACT
			OFF	FP			TST
	MIN	MAX		TST			TILT -
			RADAR		SLV	LSS
		GAIN
	8	1			9		10	2
								AD46695R1@
	7		6		5		4	3
					OFF
				TRB	STAB		TGT	SECT
		PULL	WX	RCT			PULL +
		VAR	SBY	GMAP			ACT
			OFF	FP
	MIN	MAX		TST			TILT -
			RADAR		SLV
		GAIN
	8	1			9			2

AD46696R1@

WC880 Weather Radar Controller Configurations

Figure 3- 4 (cont)

A281146102- 00	Operating Controls
	3-11

PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System

6

5

4

3

		TRB	STAB	TGT		SECT
	PULL	WX	RCT	SBY	LX	PULL+
	VAR SBY		GMAP	OFF		CLR ACT
		OFF	FP			TST
MIN	MAX		TST			TILT -
		RADAR SLV			LSS
GAIN
8	1					10	2

AD46697R1@

WC880 Weather Radar Controller Configurations

Figure 3- 4

NOTES: 1. With a controller without builtin range control, range is controlled from the installed EFIS navigation display

2.Controllers are available with and without the LSS function.

3.Whenever single or dual radar controllers are used, the radar data is displayed on the EFIS and/or an MFD or navigation display (ND).

Operating Controls	A281146102- 00
3-12

PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System

1 RADAR

This rotary switch is used to select one of the following functions.

D OFF - This position turns the radar system off.

D SBY (Standby) - This position places the radar system in standby; a ready state, with the antenna scan stopped, the transmitter inhibited, and the display memory erased. STBY is displayed on the

EFIS/MFD.

D WX (Weather) - This position selects the weather detection mode. The system is fully operational and all internal parameters are set

for enroute weather detection.

If WX is selected before the initial RTA warmup period is complete (approximately 45 to 90 seconds), the WAIT legend is displayed on the EFIS/MFD. In WAIT mode, the transmitter and antenna scan are inhibited and the display memory is erased. When the warmup is

complete, the system automatically switches to the WX mode.

The system, in preset gain, is calibrated as described in table 3- 3.

Rainfall Rate		Color
in/hr	mm/hr
.04- .16	1- 4	Green
.16- .47	4- 12	Yellow
.47- 2	1250	Red
> 2	>5 0	Magenta

Rainfall Rate Color Coding

Table 3- 3

DRCT (Rain Echo Attenuation Compensation Technique) - This switch position turns on RCT.

The REACT circuitry compensates for attenuation of the radar signal as it passes through rainfall. The cyan field indicates areas where further compensation is not possible. Any target detected within the cyan field cannot be calibrated and should be considered dangerous. All targets in the cyan field are displayed as 4th level

precipitation, magenta.

RCT is a submode of the WX mode and selecting RCT forces the system to preset gain. When RCT is selected, the RCT legend is

displayed on the EFIS/MFD.

A281146102- 00	Operating Controls
	3-13

PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System

NOTES: 1. REACT’s three functions (attenuation compensation, cyan field, and forcing targets to magenta) are switched on and off with the RCT

switch.

2.Refer to Section 5, Radar Facts, for a description of REACT.

D GMAP (Ground Mapping) - The GMAP position puts the radar system in the Ground Mapping mode. The system is fully operational and all parameters are set to enhance returns from

ground targets.

NOTE: REACT, TGT, or TRB modes are not selectable in GMAP.

WARNING

WEATHER TYPE TARGETS ARE NOT CALIBRATED WHEN THE RADAR IS IN THE GMAP MODE. BECAUSE OF THIS, DO NOT USE THE GMAP MODE FOR WEATHER DETECTION.

As a constant reminder that GMAP is selected, the alphanumerics are changed to green, the GMAP legend is displayed in the mode field, and the color scheme is changed to cyan, yellow, and magenta. Cyan represents the least reflective return, yellow is a

moderate return, and magenta is a strong return.

If GMAP is selected before the initial RTA warmup period is complete (approximately 45 to 90 seconds), the white WAIT legend is displayed in the mode field. In wait mode, the transmitter and antenna scan are inhibited and the memory is erased. When the warmup period is complete, the system automatically switches to

the GMAP mode.

D FP (Flight Plan) - The FP position puts the radar system in the flight plan mode, which clears the screen of radar data so ancillary data

can be displayed. Examples of this data are:

-Navigation displays

-Electrical discharge (lightning) data.

NOTE: In the FP mode, the radar RTA is put in standby, the alphanumerics are changed to cyan, and the FLTPLN legend is displayed in the mode field.

Operating Controls	A281146102- 00
3-14

PRIMUSr 880 Digital Weather Radar System

The target alert mode can be used in the FP mode. With target alert on and the FP mode selected, the target alert armed annunciation (green TGT) is displayed. The RTA searches for a hazardous target from 5 to 55 miles and ±7.5 degrees of dead ahead. No radar targets are displayed. If a hazardous target is detected, the target alert armed annunciation switches to the alert annunciation (amber TGT). This advises the pilot that a hazardous target is in his flightpath and he

should select the WX mode to view it.

NOTE: When displaying checklist, the TGT function is inoperative.

D TST (Test) - The TST position selects the radar test mode. A special test pattern is displayed to verify system operation. The TEST legend is displayed in the mode field. Refer to Section 4,

Normal Operations, for a description of the test pattern.

WARNING

UNLESS THE SYSTEM IS IN FORCED STANDBY, THE TRANSMITTER IS ON AND RADIATING X- BAND MICROWAVE ENERGY IN TEST MODE. REFER TO SECTION 6, MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LEVEL (MPEL).

D FSBY (Forced Standby) - FSBY is an automatic, nonselectable radar mode. As an installation option, the indicator can be wired to the weighton- wheels (WOW) squat switch. When wired, the RTA is in the FSBY mode when the aircraft is on the ground. In FSBY mode, the transmitter and antenna scan are both inhibited, the display memory is erased, and the FSBY legend is displayed in the mode field. When in the FSBY mode, pushing the STAB button 4

times in 3 seconds restores normal operation.

The FSBY mode is a safety feature that inhibits the transmitter on the ground to eliminate the X- Band microwave radiation hazard. Refer to

Section 6, Maximum Permissible Exposure Level (MPEL).

WARNING

FORCED STANDBY MODE MUST BE VERIFIED BY THE OPERATOR TO ENSURE SAFETY FOR GROUND PERSONNEL.

In installations with two radar controllers, it is only necessary to override forced standby from one controller.

If either controller is returned to standby mode while weight is on wheels, the system returns to the forced standby mode.

A281146102- 00	Operating Controls
	3-15