Hitachi HTS541616J9SA00, HTS541640J9SA00, HTS541660J9SA00, HTS541612J9SA00, HTS541680J9SA00 User Manual

Travelstar 5K160 (SATA) Hard Disk Drive Specification

Hitachi Global Storage Technologies

Hard Disk Drive Specification

Hitachi Travelstar 5K160

2.5 inch SATA hard disk drive

Models: HTS541616J9SA00

HTS541612J9SA00

HTS541680J9SA00

HTS541660J9SA00

HTS541640J9SA00

Revision 1.2

12 July 2006

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1st Edition (Revision 1.0) (31 May 2006) 2nd Edition (Revision 1.1) (02 June 2006) 3rd Edition (Revision 1.2) (12 July 2006)

The following paragraph does not apply to the United Kingdom or any country where such provisions are inconsistent with local law: HITACHI GLOBAL STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES PROVIDES THIS PUBLICATION "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Some states do not allow disclaimer or express or implied warranties in certain transactions, therefore, this statement may not apply to you.

This publication could include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. Changes are periodically made to the information herein; these changes will be incorporated in new editions of the publication. Hitachi may make improvements or changes in any products or programs described in this publication at any time.

It is possible that this publication may contain reference to, or information about, Hitachi products (machines and programs), programming, or services that are not announced in your country. Such references or information must not be construed to mean that Hitachi intends to announce such Hitachi products, programming, or services in your country.

Technical information about this product is available by contacting your local Hitachi Global Storage Technologies representative or on the Internet at http://www.hitachigst.com

Hitachi Global Storage Technologies may have patents or pending patent applications covering subject matter in this document. The furnishing of this document does not give you any license to these patents.

©Copyright Hitachi Global Storage Technologies

Note to U.S. Government Users —Documentation related to restricted rights —Use, duplication or disclosure is subject to restrictions set forth in GSA ADP Schedule Contract with Hitachi Global Storage Technologies.

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Table of Contents
GENERAL .............................................................................................................................................		5
1 INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................................		5
1.1	Abbreviations ..........................................................................................................................	5
1.2	References ...............................................................................................................................	5
1.3	General caution.......................................................................................................................	5
1.4	Drive handling precautions ....................................................................................................	5
2 OUTLINE OF THE DRIVE ........................................................................................................................		5
PART 1 FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATION ...........................................................................................		5
3 FIXED DISK SUBSYSTEM DESCRIPTION ..................................................................................................		5
3.1	Control Electronics..................................................................................................................	5
3.2	Head disk assembly data ........................................................................................................	5
4 FIXED DISK CHARACTERISTICS .............................................................................................................		5
4.1	Formatted capacity by model number....................................................................................	5
4.2	Data sheet ...............................................................................................................................	5
4.3	Cylinder allocation..................................................................................................................	5
4.4	Performance characteristics ...................................................................................................	5
5 DATA INTEGRITY ..................................................................................................................................		5
5.1	Data loss on power off.............................................................................................................	5
5.2	Write Cache.............................................................................................................................	5
5.3	Equipment status....................................................................................................................	5
5.4	WRITE safety..........................................................................................................................	5
5.5	Data buffer test .......................................................................................................................	5
5.6	Error recovery .........................................................................................................................	5
5.7	Automatic reallocation............................................................................................................	5
5.8	ECC .........................................................................................................................................	5
6 SPECIFICATION ....................................................................................................................................		5
6.1	Environment ...........................................................................................................................	5
6.2	DC power requirements..........................................................................................................	5
6.3	Reliability ................................................................................................................................	5
6.4	Mechanical specifications .......................................................................................................	5
6.5	Vibration and shock ................................................................................................................	5
6.6	Acoustics..................................................................................................................................	5
6.7	Identification labels ................................................................................................................	5
6.8	Electromagnetic compatibility................................................................................................	5
6.9	Safety.......................................................................................................................................	5
6.10	Packaging ................................................................................................................................	5
6.11	Substance restriction requirements .......................................................................................	5
7 ELECTRICAL INTERFACE SPECIFICATIONS ............................................................................................		5
7.1	Cabling ....................................................................................................................................	5
7.2	Interface connector..................................................................................................................	5
7.3	Signal definitions ....................................................................................................................	5
PART 2 INTERFACE SPECIFICATION ..............................................................................................		5
8 GENERAL .............................................................................................................................................		5
8.1	Introduction.............................................................................................................................	5
8.2	Terminology.............................................................................................................................	5
9 DEVIATIONS FROM STANDARD..............................................................................................................		5
10 PHYSICAL INTERFACE ........................................................................................................................		5
11 REGISTERS .........................................................................................................................................		5
11.1	Register naming convention ...................................................................................................	5
11.2	Command register...................................................................................................................	5
11.3	Device Control Register ..........................................................................................................	5
11.4	Device Register........................................................................................................................	5
11.5	Error Register .........................................................................................................................	5

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11.6		Features Register....................................................................................................................	5
11.7		LBA High Register..................................................................................................................	5
11.8		LBA Low Register ...................................................................................................................	5
11.9		LBA Mid Register ...................................................................................................................	5
11.10		Sector Count Register..........................................................................................................	5
11.11		Status Register ....................................................................................................................	5
12 GENERAL OPERATION DESCRIPTIONS ................................................................................................			5
12.1		Reset Response........................................................................................................................	5
12.2	Diagnostic and Reset considerations......................................................................................		5
12.3		Power-off considerations.........................................................................................................	5
12.4		Sector Addressing Mode..........................................................................................................	5
12.5		Power Management Feature ..................................................................................................	5
12.6	Advanced Power Management (Adaptive Battery Life Extender 3) Feature .......................		5
12.7	Interface Power Management Mode (Slumber and Partial)..................................................		5
12.8		S.M.A.R.T. Function ...............................................................................................................	5
12.9	Security Mode Feature Set .....................................................................................................		5
12.10		Protected Area Function .....................................................................................................	5
12.11		Seek Overlap........................................................................................................................	5
12.12		Write Cache Function..........................................................................................................	5
12.13		Reassign Function ...............................................................................................................	5
12.14		48-bit Address Feature Set .................................................................................................	5
12.15		Software Setting Preservation Feature Set........................................................................	5
12.16		Native Command Queuing..................................................................................................	5
13 COMMAND PROTOCOL ........................................................................................................................			5
13.1		Data In Commands .................................................................................................................	5
13.2		Data Out Commands ..............................................................................................................	5
13.3		Non-Data Commands..............................................................................................................	5
13.4	DMA Data Transfer Commands.............................................................................................		5
13.5		First-parity DMA Commands.................................................................................................	5
14 COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS ..................................................................................................................			5
14.1	Check Power Mode (E5h/98h).................................................................................................		5
14.2	Device Configuration Overlay (B1h) ......................................................................................		5
14.3	Execute Device Diagnostic (90h) ............................................................................................		5
14.4		Flush Cache (E7h)...................................................................................................................	5
14.5	Flush Cache Ext (EAh) ...........................................................................................................		5
14.6	Format Track (50h: Vendor Specific) .....................................................................................		5
14.7	Format Unit (F7h: Vendor Specific) .......................................................................................		5
14.8		Identify Device (ECh)..............................................................................................................	5
14.9		Idle (E3h/97h)..........................................................................................................................	5
14.10		Idle Immediate (E1h/95h) ...................................................................................................	5
14.11		Initialize Device Parameters (91h) .....................................................................................	5
14.12		Read Buffer (E4h)................................................................................................................	5
14.13		Read DMA(C8h/C9h)...........................................................................................................	5
14.14		Read DMA Ext (25h) ...........................................................................................................	5
14.15		Read FPDMA Queued (60h)................................................................................................	5
14.16		Read Log Ext(2Fh)...............................................................................................................	5
14.17		Read Long (22h/23h)............................................................................................................	5
14.18		Read Multiple (C4h) ............................................................................................................	5
14.19		Read Multiple Ext (29h)......................................................................................................	5
14.20		Read Native Max Address (F8h).........................................................................................	5
14.21		Read Native Max Address Ext (27h)...................................................................................	5
14.22		Read Sector(s) (20h/21h) .....................................................................................................	5
14.23		Read Sector(s) Ext (24h)......................................................................................................	5
14.24		Read Verify Sector(s) (40h/41h) ..........................................................................................	5
14.25		Read Verify Sector(s) Ext (42h)...........................................................................................	5
14.26		Recalibrate (1xh) .................................................................................................................	5
14.27		Security Disable Password (F6h)........................................................................................	5
14.28		Security Erase Prepare (F3h) .............................................................................................	5
14.29		Security Erase Unit (F4h)...................................................................................................	5

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14.30	Security Freeze Lock (F5h) .................................................................................................	5
14.31	Security Set Password (F1h)...............................................................................................	5
14.32	Security Unlock (F2h) .........................................................................................................	5
14.33	Seek (7xh) ............................................................................................................................	5
14.34	Sense Condition (F0h : vendor specific)..............................................................................	5
14.35	Set Features (EFh) ..............................................................................................................	5
14.36	Set Max Address (F9h)........................................................................................................	5
14.37	Set Max Address Ext (37h) .................................................................................................	5
14.38	Set Multiple (C6h) ...............................................................................................................	5
14.39	Sleep (E6h/99h)....................................................................................................................	5
14.40	S.M.A.R.T Function Set (B0h).............................................................................................	5
14.41	Standby (E2h/96h)...............................................................................................................	5
14.42	Standby Immediate (E0h/94h) ............................................................................................	5
14.43	Write Buffer (E8h)...............................................................................................................	5
14.44	Write DMA (CAh/CBh)........................................................................................................	5
14.45	Write DMA Ext (35h) ..........................................................................................................	5
14.46	Write DMA FUA Ext (3Dh).................................................................................................	5
14.47	Write FPDMA Queued (61h)...............................................................................................	5
14.48	Write Log Ext (3Fh).............................................................................................................	5
14.49	Write Long (32h/33h)...........................................................................................................	5
14.50	Write Multiple (C5h) ...........................................................................................................	5
14.51	Write Multiple Ext (39h).....................................................................................................	5
14.52	Write Multiple FUA Ext (CEh)...........................................................................................	5
14.53	Write Sector(s) (30h/31h) ....................................................................................................	5
14.54	Write Sector(s) Ext (34h).....................................................................................................	5
15 TIMINGS .............................................................................................................................................		5
16 INDEX	.................................................................................................................................................	5

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List of Figures
Figure 1. Limits of temperature and humidity	5
Figure 2. Mounting hole locations	5
Figure 3. Interface connector pin assignments	5
Figure 4. Parameter descriptions	5
Figure 5 Reset Response Table	5
Figure 6 Default Register Values	5
Figure 7 Diagnostic Codes	5
Figure 8 Reset error register values	5
Figure 9 Device’s behavior by ATA commands	5
Figure 10 Power conditions	5
Figure 11 Initial Setting	5
Figure 12 Usual Operation	5
Figure 13 Password Lost	5
Figure 14 Command table for device lock operation	5
Figure 15 Command table for device lock operation - continued	5
Figure 16 Set Max Set Password data content	5
Figure 17 Set Max security mode transition	5
Figure 18 Seek overlap	5
Figure 19 Preserved Software Setting	5
Figure 20 Command set	5
Figure 21 Command Set - continued	5
Figure 22 Command Set (Subcommand)	5
Figure 23 Check Power Mode Command (E5h/98h)	5
Figure 24 Device Configuration Overlay Command (B1h)	5
Figure 25 Device Configuration Overlay Features register values	5
Figure 26 Device Configuration Overlay Data structure	5
Figure 27 DCO error information definition	5
Figure 28 Execute Device Diagnostic Command (90h)	5
Figure 29 Flush Cache Command (E7h)	5
Figure 30 Flush Cache EXT Command (EAh)	5
Figure 31 Format Track Command (50h)	5
Figure 32 Format Unit Command (F7h)	5
Figure 33 Identify Device Command (ECh)	5
Figure 34 Identify device information	5
Figure 35 Identify device information --- Continued ---	5
Figure 36 Identify device information --- Continued ---	5
Figure 37 Identify device information --- Continued ---	5
Figure 38 Identify device information --- Continued ---	5
Figure 39 Identify device information --- Continued ---	5
Figure 40 Identify device information	5
Figure 41 Number of cylinders/heads/sectors by models for HTS5416XXJ9SA00	5
Figure 42 Idle Command (E3h/97h)	5
Figure 43 Idle Immediate Command (E1h/95h)	5
Figure 44 Initialize Device Parameters Command (91h)	5
Figure 45 Read Buffer Command (E4h)	5
Figure 46 Read DMA Command (C8h/C9h)	5
Figure 47 Read DMA Ext Command (25h)	5
Figure 48 Read FPDMA Queued Command (60h)	5
Figure 49 Read Log Ext Command (2Fh)	5
Figure 50 Log address definition	5
Figure 51 General purpose Log Directory	5
Figure 52 Extended comprehensive SMART error Log	5
Figure 53 Extended Error log data structure	5
Figure 54 Command data structure	5
Figure 55 Error data structure	5
Figure 56 Extended Self-test log data structure	5
Figure 57 Extended Self-test log descriptor entry	5
Figure 58 Command Error information	5
Figure 65 Read Native Max Address Ext Command (29h)	5
Figure 66 Read Sector(s) Command (20h/21h)	5

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Figure 69 Read Verify Sector(s) Ext Command (42h)	5
Figure 70 Recalibrate Command (1xh)	5
Figure 71 Security Disable Password Command (F6h)	5
Figure 72 Password Information for Security Disable Password command	5
Figure 73 Security Erase Prepare Command (F3h)	5
Figure 74 Security Erase Unit Command (F4h)	5
Figure 75 Erase Unit Information	5
Figure 76 Security Freeze Lock Command (F5h)	5
Figure 77 Security Set Password Command (F1h)	5
Figure 78 Security Set Password Information	5
Figure 79 Security Unlock Command (F2h)	5
Figure 80 Security Unlock Information	5
Figure 81 Seek Command (7xh)	5
Figure 82 Sense Condition Command (F0h)	5
Figure 83 Set Features Command (EFh)	5
Figure 84 Set Max Address Command (F9h)	5
Figure 85 Set Max Address Ext Command (37h)	5
Figure 86 Set Multiple Command (C6h)	5
Figure 87 Sleep Command (E6h/99h)	5
Figure 88 S.M.A.R.T. Function Set Command (B0h)	5
Figure 89 Selective self-test test span example	5
Figure 90 Log sector addresses	5
Figure 91 Device Attribute Data Structure	5
Figure 92 Individual Attribute Data Structure	5
Figure 93 Status Flag Definitions	5
Figure 94 Device Attribute Thresholds Data Structure	5
Figure 95 Individual Threshold Data Structure	5
Figure 96 SMART Log Directory	5
Figure 97 S.M.A.R.T. error log sector	5
Figure 98 Error log data structure	5
Figure 99 Command data structure	5
Figure 100 Error data structure	5
Figure 101 Self-test log data structure	5
Figure 102 Selective self-test log data structure	5
Figure 103 S.M.A.R.T. Error Codes	5
Figure 104 Standby Command (E2h/96h)	5
Figure 105 Standby Immediate Command (E0h/94h)	5
Figure 106 Write Buffer Command (E8h)	5
Figure 107 Write DMA Command (CAh/CBh)	5
Figure 108 Write DMA Ext Command (35h)	5
Figure 109 Write DMA FUA Ext Command (3Dh)	5
Figure 110 Write FPDMA Queued Command (61h)	5
Figure 111 Write Log Ext Command	5
Figure 112 Write Long Command (C5h)	5
Figure 113 Write Multiple Command (C5h)	5
Figure 114 Write Multiple Ext Command (39h)	5
Figure 115 Write Multiple FUA Ext Command (CEh)	5
Figure 116 Write Sector(s) Command (30h/31h)	5
Figure 117 Write Sector(s) Ext Command (34h)	5
Figure 118 Timeout Values	5

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List of Tables

Table 1. Formatted capacity by model number.	5
Table 2. Data sheet	5
Table 3. Cylinder allocation	5
Table 4. Performance characteristics	5
Table 5. Mechanical positioning performance	5
Table 6. Full stroke seek time	5
Table 7. Single track seek time	5
Table 8. Latency time	5
Table 9. Drive ready time	5
Table 10. Operating mode	5
Table 11. Drive ready time	5
Table 12. Environmental condition	5
Table 13. Magnetic flux density limits	5
Table 14. DC Power requirements	5
Table 15. Power consumption efficiency	5
Table 16. Physical dimensions and weight	5
Table 17. Random vibration PSD profile breakpoints (operating)	5
Table 18. Swept sine vibration	5
Table 19. Random Vibration PSD Profile Breakpoints (nonoperating)	5
Table 20. Operating shock	5
Table 21. Nonoperating shock	5
Table 22. Weighted sound power	5
Table 23. Interface connector pins and I/O signals	5
Table 24. Register naming convention and correspondence	5
Table 25. Device Control Register	5
Table 26. Device Register	5
Table 27. Error Register	5
Table 28. Status Register	5

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General

1 Introduction

This document describes the specifications of the HITACHI Travelstar 5K160, a 2.5-inch hard disk drive with Serial ATA interface:

Drive name	Model Number	Capacity (GB)	Height	Rotation
Travelstar			(mm)	speed (rpm)
	HTS541616J9SA00	160	9.5	5400
5K160-160
Travelstar	HTS541612J9SA00	120	9.5	5400
5K160-120
Travelstar	HTS541680J9SA00	80	9.5	5400
5K160-80
Travelstar	HTS541660J9SA00	60	9.5	5400
5K160-60
Travelstar	HTS541640J9SA00	40	9.5	5400
5K160-40

Part 1 of this document beginning on page 5 defines the hardware functional specification. Interface specification is separately issued.

1.1Abbreviations

Abbreviation	Meaning
32 KB	32 x 1024 bytes
64 KB	64 x 1024 bytes

“inch

A	amp
AC	alternating current
AT	Advanced Technology
ATA	Advanced Technology Attachment
Bels	unit of sound power
BIOS	Basic Input/Output System
°C	degrees Celsius
CSA	Canadian Standards Association
C-UL	Canadian-Underwriters Laboratory
Cyl	cylinder
DC	direct current
DFT	Drive Fitness Test
DMA	Direct Memory Access
ECC	error correction code
EEC	European Economic Community
EMC	electromagnetic compatibility
ERP	Error Recovery Procedure

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Esd	electrostatic discharge
FCC	Federal Communications Commission
FRU	field replacement unit
G	gravity, a unit of force
Gb	1 000 000 000 bits
GB	1 000 000 000 bytes
GND	ground
h	hexadecimal
HDD	hard disk drive
Hz	hertz
I	Input
ILS	integrated lead suspension
imped	impedance
I/O	Input/Output
ISO	International Standards Organization
KB	1,000 bytes
Kbit/mm	1,000 bits per mm
Kbit/sq-mm	1000 bits per square mm
KHz	kilohertz
LBA	logical block addressing
Lw	unit of A-weighted sound power
m	meter
max. or Max.	maximum
MB	1,000,000 bytes
Mbps	1,000,000 Bit per second
Mb/sec	1,000,000 Bit per second
MB/sec	1,000,000 bytes per second
MHz	megahertz
MLC	Machine Level Control
mm	millimeter
ms	millisecond
us, s	microsecond
Nm	Newton meter
No. or #	number
oct/min	oscillations per minute
O	Output
OD	Open Drain Programmed Input/Output
PIO
POH	power on hours

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Pop.	population
P/N	part number
p-p	peak-to-peak
PSD	power spectral density
RES	radiated electromagnetic susceptibility
RFI	radio frequency interference
RH	relative humidity
% RH	per cent relative humidity
RMS	root mean square
RPM	revolutions per minute
RST	reset
R/W	read/write
sec	second
Sect/Trk	sectors per track
SELV	secondary low voltage
S.M.A.R.T	Self-monitoring, analysis, and reporting technology
Trk.	track
TTL	transistor-transistor logic
UL	Underwriters Laboratory
V	volt
VDE	Verband Deutscher Electrotechniker
W	watt
3-state	transistor-transistor tristate logic

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1.2References

Serial ATA/High Speed Serialized AT Attachment (Reversion 1.0a 7-January-2003)

1.3General caution

Do not apply force to the top cover (See figure below).

Do not cover the breathing hole on the top cover (See figure below).

Do not touch the interface connector pins or the surface of the printed circuit board.

The drive can be damaged by shock or ESD (Electric Static Discharge). Any damages incurred to the drive after removing it from the shipping package and the ESD protective bag are the responsibility of the user

1.4Drive handling precautions

Do not press on the drive cover during handling.

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2Outline of the drive

2.5-inch, 9.5-mm Height

Perpendicular Recording

Formatted capacities of 160GB,120GB, 80GB, 60GB and 40GB

512 bytes/sector

SATA Interface conforming to Serial ATA/High Speed Serialized AT Attachment(Reversion 1.0a 7-January-2003)

Integrated controller

No-ID recording format

Coding : 100/106

Multi zone recording

Enhanced ECC

10 bit 40 symbol non Interleaved Read Solomon code

Non interleave On-The –Fly correction

Included 2 symbol system ECC

Segmented Buffer with write cache

8192 KB - Upper 441 KB is used for firmware

Fast data transfer rate (up to 1.5 Gbit/s)

Media data transfer rate (max):

540 Mb/s

Average seek time: 11 ms for read

Closed-loop actuator servo (Embedded Sector Servo)

Rotary voice coil motor actuator

Load/Unload mechanism

Mechanical latch

0.65 Watts at idle state

Power on to ready

3.5 sec

Operating shock

3185 m/sec2 (325 G)/2ms

1568 m/sec2 (160G)/1ms

Nonoperating shock

9800 m/sec2 (1000 G)/1ms

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Part 1 Functional Specification

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3 Fixed disk subsystem description

3.1Control Electronics

The control electronics works with the following functions:

SATA Interface Protocol

Embedded Sector Servo

No-ID (TM) formatting

Multizone recording

Code: 100/106

System ECC

Enhanced Adaptive Battery Life Extender

3.2Head disk assembly data

The following technologies are used in the drive:

Femto Slider

Perpendicular recording disk and write head

GMR head

Integrated lead suspension (ILS)

Load/unload mechanism

Mechanical latch

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4 Fixed disk characteristics

4.1Formatted capacity by model number

Description	HTS541616J9SA00	HTS541612J9SA00
Physical Layout
Bytes per Sector	512	512
Sectors per Track	480-1272	480-1272
Number of Heads	4	4
Number of Disks	2	2
Logical Layout
Number of Heads	16	16
Number of Sectors/	63	63
Track
Number of Cylinders	16,383	16,383
Number of Sectors	312,581,808	234,441,648
Total Logical Data	160,041,885,696	120,034,123,776
Bytes

Description	HTS541680J9SA00	HTS541660J9SA00	HTS541640J9SA00
Physical Layout
Bytes per Sector	512	512	512
Sectors per Track	480-1272	480-1272	480-1272
Number of Heads	2	2	1
Number of Disks	1	1	1
Logical Layout
Number of Heads	16	16	16
Number of Sectors/	63	63	63
Track
Number of Cylinders	16,383	16,383	16,383
Number of Sectors	156,301,488	117,210,240	78,140,160
Total Logical Data	80,026,361,856	60,011,642,880	40,007,761,920
Bytes

Table 1. Formatted capacity by model number.

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4.2Data sheet

Model			160GB	120GB	80GB	60GB	40GB
Rotational Speed		(RPM)	5400	5400	5400	5400	5400
Data transfer rates (Max)			540	466	540	466	540
(buffer to/from media) (Mbps)
Data transfer rates		(Mbyte/sec)	100	100	100	100	100
ULTRA DMA 100
Recording density		(Kbit/mm) (Max)	35.5	30.2	35.5	30.2	35.5
		(KBPI) (Max)	902	769	902	769	902
Track density	(ktrack/mm)		5.7	5.0	5.7	5.0	5.7
	(KTPI)		146	128	146	128	146
Areal density	(Kbit/sq-mm.- Max)		203.8	152.7	203.8	152.7	203.8
	(Gbit/sq-inch - Max)		131.5	98.5	131.5	98.5	131.5
Number of zones			24	24	24	24	24

Table 2. Data sheet

4.3Cylinder allocation

Data format is allocated by each head characteristics. Typical format is described below.

		80GB/p format
Zone		Cylinder		No. of
				Sectors/Trk
0	0	-	6067	1116
1	6068	-	9101	1104
2	9102	-	13245	1080
3	13246	-	17389	1056
4	17390	-	21163	1032
5	21164	-	26713	1008
6	26714	-	29747	984
7	29748	-	33891	960
8	33892	-	38035	936
9	38036	-	42179	912
10	42180	-	45583	888
11	45584	-	49727	864
12	49728	-	54537	828
13	54538	-	57201	816
14	57202	-	60605	792
15	60606	-	64675	768
16	64676	-	68079	744
17	68080	-	72593	720
18	72594	-	74887	696
19	74888	-	78661	672
20	78662	-	82435	648
21	82436	-	85099	624
22	85100	-	87763	600
23	87764	-	90575	576

Table 3. Cylinder allocation

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4.4Performance characteristics

Drive performance is characterized by the following parameters: Command Overhead

Mechanical Positioning Seek Time Latency

Data Transfer Speed

Buffering Operation (Look ahead/Write Cache)

Note: All the above parameters contribute to drive performance. There are other parameters which contribute to the performance of the actual system. This specification defines the essential characteristics of the drive. This specification does not include the system throughput as this is dependent upon the system and the application.

The following table gives a typical value for each parameter. The detailed descriptions are found in section 5.0.

Function
Average Random Seek Time - Read (ms)	11
Average Random Seek Time - Write (ms)	13
Rotational Speed (RPM)	5400
Power-on-to-ready (sec)	3.5
Command overhead (ms)	1.0
Disk-buffer data transfer (Mb/s) (max)	540
Buffer-host data transfer (Gbit/s) (max)	1.5

Table 4. Performance characteristics

4.4.1Command overhead

Command overhead time is defined as the interval from the time that a drive receives a command to the time that the actuator starts its motion.

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4.4.2Mechanical positioning

4.4.2.1 Average seek time (including settling)

Command Type	Typical (ms)	Max. (ms)
Read	11	14
Write	13	15

Table 5. Mechanical positioning performance

Typical and Max. are defined throughout the performance specification as follows:

Average of the drive population tested at nominal environmental and voltage conditions. Maximum value measured on any one drive over the full range of the environmental and voltage conditions. (See section 6.1, "Environment" on page 23 and section 6.2, "DC power requirements" on page 25)

The seek time is measured from the start of motion of the actuator to the start of a reliable read or write operation. A reliable read or write operation implies that error correction/recovery is not employed to correct arrival problems. The Average Seek Time is measured as the weighted average of all possible seek combinations.

max.

Σ (max. + 1 – n)(Tnin + Tnout)

n=1

Weighted Average = ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

(max. + 1)(max)

Where: max. = maximum seek length n = seek length (1-to-max.)

Tnin	= inward measured seek time for an n-track seek
Tnout	= outward measured seek time for an n-track seek

4.4.2.2Full stroke seek

Command Type	Typical (ms)	Max. (ms)
Read	20.0	25.0
Write	21.0	26.0

Table 6. Full stroke seek time

Full stroke seek time in milliseconds is the average time of 1000 full stroke seeks.

4.4.2.3Single track seek time (without command overhead, including

settling)

Command Type	Typical (ms)	Maximum (ms)
Read	1.0	2.0
Write	1.1	2.2

Table 7. Single track seek time

Single track seek is measured as the average of one (1) single track seek from every track in both directions (inward and outward).

4.4.2.4Average latency

Rotational Speed	Time for one revolution	Average Latency
(RPM)	(ms)	(ms)
5400	11.1	5.5

Table 8. Latency time

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4.4.2.5Drive ready time

Condition		Typical (sec)	Max. (sec)
Power On To Ready		3.5	9.5
Table 9. Drive ready time
Ready	The condition in which the drive is able to perform a media access command
	(for example—read, write) immediately.

Power On To Ready This includes the time required for the internal self diagnostics.

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4.4.3Operating modes

	Operating mode	Description
	Spin-Up	Start up time period from spindle stop or power down.
	Seek	Seek operation mode
	Write	Write operation mode
	Read	Read operation mode
	Performance	The device is capable of responding immediately to idle media access requests. All
		electronic components remain powered and the full frequency servo remains
		operational.
		The device is capable of responding immediately to media access requests. Some
	Active idle	circuitry—including servo system and R/W electronics—is in power saving mode.
		The head is parked near the mid-diameter the disk without servoing.
		A device in Active idle mode may take longer to complete the execution of a
		command because it must activate that circuitry.
	Low power idle	The head is unloaded onto the ramp position. The spindle motor is rotating at full
		speed.
	Standby	The device interface is capable of accepting commands. The spindle motor is
		stopped. All circuitry but the host interface is in power saving mode.
		The execution of commands is delayed until the spindle becomes ready.
	Sleep	The device requires a soft reset or a hard reset to be activated. All electronics,
		including spindle motor and host interface, are shut off.

Table 10. Operating mode

4.4.3.1Mode transition time

From	To	Transition	Transition Time
		Time (typ)	(max.)
Standby	Idle	2.5	9.5

Table 11. Drive ready time

4.4.3.2Operating mode at power on

The device goes into Idle mode after power on or hard reset as an initial state. Initial state may be changed to Standby mode using pin C on the interface connector. Refer to section 7.10 on page 58, "Drive address setting" for details.

4.4.3.3Adaptive power save control

The transient timing from Performance Idle mode to Active Idle mode and Active Idle mode to Low Power Idle mode is controlled adaptively according to the access pattern of the host system. The transient timing from Low Power Idle mode to Standby mode is also controlled adaptively, if it is allowed by Set Features Enable Advanced Power Management subcommand.

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5 Data integrity

5.1Data loss on power off

Data loss will not be caused by a power off during any operation except the write operation.

A power off during a write operation causes the loss of any received or resident data that has not been written onto the disk media.

A power off during a write operation might make a maximum of one sector of data unreadable. This state can be recovered by a rewrite operation.

5.2Write Cache

When the write cache is enabled, the write command may complete before the actual disk write operation finishes. This means that a power off, even after the write command completion, could cause the loss of data that the drive has received but not yet written onto the disk.

In order to prevent this data loss, confirm the completion of the actual write operation prior to the power off by issuing a

Soft reset

Hard reset

Flush Cache command

Standby command

Standby Immediate command

Sleep command

Confirm the command’s completion.

5.3Equipment status

The equipment status is available to the host system any time the drive is not ready to read, write, or seek. This status normally exists at the power-on time and will be maintained until the following conditions are satisfied:

The access recalibration/tuning is complete.

The spindle speed meets the requirements for reliable operation. The self-check of the drive is complete.

The appropriate error status is made available to the host system if any of the following conditions occur after the drive has become ready:

The spindle speed lies outside the requirements for reliable operation. The occurrence of a Write Fault condition.

5.4WRITE safety

The drive ensures that the data is written into the disk media properly. The following conditions are monitored during a write operation. When one of these conditions exceeds the criteria, the write operation is terminated and the automatic retry sequence is invoked.

Head off track External shock Low supply voltage

Spindle speed out of tolerance Head open/short

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5.5Data buffer test

The data buffer is tested at power on reset and when a drive self-test is requested by the host. The test consists of a write/read '00'x and 'ff'x pattern on all buffers.

5.6Error recovery

Errors occurring on the drive are handled by the error recovery procedure.

Errors that are uncorrectable after application of the error recovery procedure are reported to the host system as nonrecoverable errors.

5.7Automatic reallocation

The sectors that show some errors may be reallocated automatically when specific conditions are met. The drive does not report any auto reallocation to the host system. The conditions for auto reallocation are described below.

5.7.1Nonrecovered write errors

When a write operation cannot be completed after the Error Recovery Procedure (ERP) is fully carried out, the sectors are reallocated to the spare location. An error is reported to the host system only when the write cache is disabled and the auto reallocation has failed.

5.7.2Nonrecoverable read error

When a read operation fails after ERP is fully carried out, a hard error is reported to the host system. This location is registered internally as a candidate for the reallocation. When a registered location is specified as a target of a write operation, a sequence of media verification is performed automatically. When the result of this verification meets the required criteria, this sector is reallocated.

5.7.3Recovered read errors

When a read operation for a sector fails and is recovered at the specific ERP step, the sector is reallocated automatically. A media verification sequence may be run prior to the reallocation according to the predefined conditions.

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5.8ECC

The 10 bit 40 symbol non interleaved ECC processor provides user data verification and correction capability. The first 6 symbol of ECC are 4 check symbols for user data and the 2 symbol system ECC. The other 34 symbols are Read Solomon ECC. Hardware logic corrects up to 16 symbols(20 bytes) errors on-the-fly.

2 symbol System ECC is generated when HDC receives user data from HOST, and can correct up to 1 symbol(10bit) errors on-the-fly when one transfers to HOST.

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6 Specification

6.1Environment

6.1.1Temperature and humidity

	Operating conditions
Temperature		5 to 55°C (See note below)
Relative humidity		8 to 90% noncondensing
Maximum wet bulb temperature		29.4°C noncondensing
Maximum temperature gradient		20°C/hour
Altitude		–300 to 3048 m (10,000 ft)
Nonoperating		conditions
Temperature		–40 to 65°C
Relative humidity		5 to 95% noncondensing
Maximum wet bulb temperature		40°C noncondensing
Maximum temperature gradient		20°C/hour
Altitude		–300 to 12,192 m (40,000 ft)

Table 12. Environmental condition

The system is responsible for providing sufficient air movement to maintain surface temperatures below 60°C at the center of top cover and below 63°C at the center of the drive circuit board assembly.

The maximum storage period in the shipping package is one year.

Specification (Environment)

	100
										41'C/95%
	90							31'C/90%
											W etBulb 40'C
	80
(%)	70
											W etBulb29.4'C
Humidity	60		Non Operating
	50
							Operating
Relative	40
	30										65'C/23%
	20									55'C/15%
	10
	0
	-45	-35	-25	-15	-5	5	15	25	35	45	55	65

Temperature (degC)

Figure 1. Limits of temperature and humidity

6.1.2Corrosion test

The hard disk drive must be functional and show no signs of corrosion after being exposed to a temperature humidity stress of 50°C/90%RH (relative humidity) for one week followed by a temperature and humidity drop to 25'C/40%RH in 2 hours.

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6.1.3Radiation noise

The disk drive shall work without degradation of the soft error rate under the following magnetic flux density limits at the enclosure surface.

Frequency (KHz)	Limits (uT RMS)
0–60	500
61–100	250
101–200	100
201–400	50

Table 13. Magnetic flux density limits

6.1.4Conductive noise

The disk drive shall work without soft error degradation in the frequency range from DC to 20 Mhz injected through any two of the mounting screw holes of the drive when an AC current of up to 45 mA (p-p) is applied through a 50-ohm resistor connected to any two mounting screw holes.

6.1.5Magnetic fields

The disk drive will withstand radiation and conductive noise within the limits shown below. The test method is defined in the Noise Susceptibility Test Method specification, P/N 95F3944.

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6.2DC power requirements

Connection to the product should be made in a safety extra low voltage (SELV) circuits. The voltage specifications are applied at the power connector of the drive.

Item	Requirements
Nominal supply	+5 Volt dc
Supply voltage	–0.3 Volt to 6.0 Volt
Power supply ripple (0–20	100 mV p-p max.
MHz)1
Tolerance 2	±5%
Supply rise time	1–100 ms
Watts (RMS Typical) 7
Performance Idle average 3	2.0
Active Idle average	0.85
Low Power Idle average	0.65
Read average 4	1.8
Write average	1.8
Seek average 5	2.2
Standby	0.25
Sleep	0.2
Startup (maximum peak) 6	5.0
Average from power on to	3.8
ready
Table 14. DC Power requirements

Footnotes:

1.The maximum fixed disk ripple is measured at the 5 volt input of the drive.

2.The disk drive shall not incur damage for an over voltage condition of +25% (maximum duration of 20 ms) on the 5 volt nominal supply.

3.The idle current is specified at an inner track.

4.The read/write current is specified based on three operations of 63 sector read/write per 100 ms.

5.The seek average current is specified based on three operations per 100 ms.

6.The worst case operating current includes motor surge.

7.“Typical” mean average of the drive population tested at nominal environmental and voltage conditions.

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6.2.1Power consumption efficiency

Capacity	160GB	120GB	80GB	60GB	40GB
Power Consumption Efficiency	0.0041	0.0054	0.0081	0.0108	0.0163
(Watts/GB)

Table 15. Power consumption efficiency

Note: Power consumption efficiency is calculated as Power Consumption of Low Power Idle Watt/ Capacity (GB).

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6.3Reliability

6.3.1Data reliability

Probability of not recovering data is 1 in 1013 bits read ECC implementation

On-the-fly correction performed as a part of read channel function recovers up to 16 symbols of error in 1 sector (1 symbol is 10 bits).

6.3.2Failure prediction (S.M.A.R.T.)

The drive supports Self-monitoring, analysis and reporting technology (S.M.A.R.T.) function. The details are described in section 11.8, "S.M.A.R.T. Function" on page 84 and in Section 13.32, "S.M.A.R.T. Function Set (B0h)" on page 163.

6.3.3Cable noise interference

To avoid any degradation of performance throughput or error when the interface cable is routed on top or comes in contact with the HDA assembly, the drive must be grounded electrically to the system frame by four screws. The common mode noise or voltage level difference between the system frame and power cable ground or AT interface cable ground should be in the allowable level specified in the power requirement section.

6.3.4Service life and usage condition

The drive is designed to be used under the following conditions:

The drive should be operated within specifications of shock, vibration, temperature, humidity, altitude, and magnetic field.

The drive should be protected from ESD.

The breathing hole in the top cover of the drive should not be covered. Force should not be applied to the cover of the drive.

The specified power requirements of the drive should be satisfied.

The drive frame should be grounded electrically to the system through four screws. The drive should be mounted with the recommended screw depth and torque.

The interface physical and electrical requirements of the drive should satisfy ATA-6.

The power-off sequence of the drive should comply with the 6.4.6.2,"Required power-off sequence.”

Service life of the drive is approximately 5 years or 20,000 power on hours, whichever comes first, under the following assumptions:

Less than 333 power on hours per month.

Seeking/Writing/Reading operation is less than 20% of power on hours.

This does not represent any warranty or warranty period. Applicable warranty and warranty period are covered by the purchase agreement.

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6.3.5Preventive maintenance

None.

6.3.6Load/unload

The product supports a minimum of 600,000 normal load/unloads.

Load/unload is a functional mechanism of the hard disk drive. It is controlled by the drive micro code. Specifically, unloading of the heads is invoked by the following commands:

COMRESET Standby

Standby immediate Sleep

Load/unload is also invoked as one of the idle modes of the drive.

The specified start/stop life of the product assumes that load/unload is operated normally, not in emergency mode.

6.3.6.1Emergency unload

When hard disk drive power is interrupted while the heads are still loaded the micro code cannot operate and the normal 5-volt power is unavailable to unload the heads. In this case, normal unload is not possible. The heads are unloaded by routing the back EMF of the spinning motor to the voice coil. The actuator velocity is greater than the normal case and the unload process is inherently less controllable without a normal seek current profile.

Emergency unload is intended to be invoked in rare situations. Because this operation is inherently uncontrolled, it is more mechanically stressful than a normal unload.

The drive supports a minimum of 20,000 emergency unloads.

6.3.6.2Required Power-Off Sequence

The required host system sequence for removing power from the drive is as follows: Step 1: Issue one of the following commands.

Standby

Standby immediate Sleep

Note: Do not use the Flush Cache command for the power off sequence because this command does not invoke Unload.

Step 2: Wait until the Command Complete status is returned.

In a typical case 350 ms are required for the command to finish completion; however, the host system time out value needs to be 30 seconds considering error recovery time. Refer to section 14.0, "Time-out values," on page 193.

Step 3: Terminate power to HDD.

This power-down sequence should be followed for entry into any system power-down state, system suspend state, or system hibernation state. In a robustly designed system, emergency unload is limited to rare scenarios, such as battery removal during operation.

6.3.6.3Power switch design considerations

In systems that use the Travelstar 5K160 consideration should be given to the design of the system power switch.

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