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Mac Pro
Apple Server
Diagnostics
User Guide
For Version 3X108
KKApple Inc.
© 2010 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
Under the copyright laws, this manual may not be copied, in whole or in part, without the written consent of Apple.
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Apple
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Cupertino, CA 95014 408-996-1010 www.apple.com
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Simultaneously published in the United States and Canada.
019-1973/2010-11
Contents
5 |
Chapter 1: Overview and Requirements |
7 |
Overview of Server Diagnostics Configurations |
9 |
Requirements |
9 |
General Requirements |
9Storage Device Requirements
10Local and Remote Requirements
10NetBoot Server Requirements
11Chapter 2: Setup and Installation
11 Setting Up a Storage Device for Server Diagnostics Installation
13Installing Server Diagnostics EFI
14Restoring Server Diagnostics EFI
14 Installing Server Diagnostics Mac OS X
16 Setting Up a NetBoot Server
18Deleting the Server Diagnostics NetBoot Image
19Chapter 3: Starting Up Server Diagnostics
19Changing the Startup Disk
20Changing the Startup Disk in System Preferences
20Changing the Startup Disk Using the Command-Line Interface
21Changing the Startup Disk Using Apple Remote Desktop
21Changing the Startup Disk Temporarily at Startup
22Disabling the Firmware Password
24 Chapter 4: Using Server Diagnostics
24Setting Server Diagnostics to Host, Client, or Local Mode
25Remotely Testing a Client Server
27 Testing the Local Server Using Server Diagnostics EFI
27Testing the Local Server Using Server Diagnostics Mac OS X
28Using Server Diagnostics EFI
29Customizing Server Diagnostics EFI Test Settings
30Clearing the Test Log
30 Viewing the Hardware Profile
30 Shutting Down or Restarting the Server
3
30Viewing Saved Logs
31Taking Screenshots
31Using Server Diagnostics Mac OS X
32Customizing Server Diagnostics Mac OS X Test Settings
33Working with Test Groups
34Viewing Logs
35Setting Log Preferences
36Shutting Down or Restarting the Server
36Quitting Server Diagnostics Mac OS X While a Test Is Running
37Appendix: Server Diagnostics Test Reference
37Comparison of Available Tests
38Server Diagnostics EFI Tests
38Startup Tests
39AirPort Tests
39Ethernet Controller Tests
40Hard Drive Tests
40 Memory Tests
43Power Supply Tests
43Processor Tests
43Sensor Tests
43SMC PID Sensor Tests
43USB Tests
44Server Diagnostics Mac OS X Tests
44Startup Tests
44AirPort Tests
45Bluetooth Tests
45Ethernet Controller Tests
46Hard Drive Tests
47Sensor Tests
47SMC PID Sensor Tests
48USB Tests
48 Video Controller Tests
4 |
Contents |
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Overview and Requirements |
1 |
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Apple Server Diagnostics tests your server for hardware issues.
Apple Server Diagnostics, also referred to as Server Diagnostics, runs a customizable set of tests to help you diagnose issues with the following components:
ÂÂ AirPort
ÂÂ Bluetooth®
ÂÂ Boot ROM
ÂÂ Ethernet controller ÂÂ Fan
ÂÂ Hard drive ÂÂ Memory ÂÂ Processor ÂÂ Sensor
ÂÂ USB ports
ÂÂ Video controller
5
You can run Apple Server Diagnostics in Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI), which is referred to as Server Diagnostics EFI, or in Mac OS X Server, which is referred to as
Server Diagnostics Mac OS X.
By running Server Diagnostics EFI, you can diagnose hardware issues that prevent Mac OS X Server from successfully starting up. You can also run tests without interference from Mac OS X Server.
However, Server Diagnostics Mac OS X provides an enhanced interface and has more extensive sensor, hard drive, and video controller tests. For a comparison and description of available tests, see “Server Diagnostics Test Reference” on page 37.
You can test the server by running Server Diagnostics on the server. You can also run Server Diagnostics remotely on a computer with a network connection to the server.
Note: This guide describes how to use Apple Server Diagnostics version 3X108, which is included on the Admin Tools disc (Mac OS X Server version 10.6 or later).
6 |
Chapter 1 Overview and Requirements |
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Overview of Server Diagnostics Configurations
You can install and run Server Diagnostics in a variety of ways, so choose the method that best suits your needs. There are several options, each with advantages and disadvantages:
Option |
Considerations |
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Use the preinstalled Server Diagnostics EFI |
Advantages: |
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ÂÂ |
You can use Server Diagnostics EFI. |
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ÂÂ |
You don’t need a portable storage device. |
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ÂÂ |
No installation is necessary. |
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Disadvantages: |
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ÂÂ |
You need physical access to the server. |
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ÂÂ |
Damage to the startup volume may prevent |
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access to Server Diagnostics EFI. |
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ÂÂ |
You can’t save logs or screenshots locally. |
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ÂÂ |
You must restore Server Diagnostics if you |
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erase the volume it’s installed on. |
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Install Server Diagnostics EFI on a portable |
Advantages: |
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storage device |
ÂÂ |
You can use Server Diagnostics EFI. |
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ÂÂ |
You can use the same portable storage device |
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to test multiple servers. |
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ÂÂ |
You can save logs and screenshots locally. |
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Disadvantages: |
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ÂÂ |
You need physical access to the server. |
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ÂÂ |
You need a volume on the portable storage |
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device that has 100 MB of available space and |
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that doesn’t have Mac OS X or Mac OS X Server |
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installed. |
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ÂÂ |
The portable storage device must be physically |
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connected to the server. |
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Host a NetBoot server |
Advantages: |
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ÂÂ |
You can use Server Diagnostics EFI. |
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ÂÂ |
You don’t need to install Server Diagnostics |
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on an internal volume on the server or on a |
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portable storage device. |
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ÂÂ |
You can use a single Server Diagnostics install |
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image to test multiple servers. |
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Disadvantages: |
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ÂÂ |
You need physical access to the server. |
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ÂÂ |
You need a server to host NetBoot service and |
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the Server Diagnostics install image. |
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ÂÂ |
The server must be on the same subnet as the |
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NetBoot server. |
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ÂÂ |
You can’t save logs or screenshots locally. |
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Chapter 1 Overview and Requirements |
7 |
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Option |
Considerations |
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Start up the Server Diagnostics EFI located on the |
Advantages: |
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Admin Tools disc |
ÂÂ |
You can use Server Diagnostics EFI. |
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ÂÂ |
You can use the same disc to test multiple |
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servers. |
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Disadvantages: |
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ÂÂ |
You need network access to the server. |
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ÂÂ |
You can’t save logs locally. |
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Install Server Diagnostics Mac OS X on a portable |
Advantages: |
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storage device |
ÂÂ |
You can use Server Diagnostics Mac OS X. |
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ÂÂ |
You can use a single portable storage device to |
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test multiple servers. |
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Disadvantages: |
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ÂÂ |
You need an empty volume on the portable |
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storage device with 10 GB of available space. |
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ÂÂ |
You must install Mac OS X Server on the empty |
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volume. |
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ÂÂ |
The portable storage device must be physically |
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connected to the server. |
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Install Server Diagnostics Mac OS X on an internal |
Advantages: |
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volume |
ÂÂ |
You can use Server Diagnostics Mac OS X. |
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ÂÂ |
You don’t need physical access to the server to |
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run Server Diagnostics Mac OS X remotely (if |
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you have Apple Remote Desktop). |
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Disadvantages: |
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ÂÂ |
You need an empty volume on the server with |
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10 GB of available space. |
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ÂÂ |
You must install Mac OS X Server on the empty |
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volume. |
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8 |
Chapter 1 Overview and Requirements |
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Requirements
Before you can run Server Diagnostics, you must meet general, storage device, and local and remote requirements.
General Requirements
To run Server Diagnostics, you need the following:
ÂÂ A Mac Pro with Mac OS X Server v10.6 or later installed
ÂÂ The Mac OS X Server Install DVD and Admin Tools disc included with the Mac Pro (both discs should be version 10.6 or later)
Storage Device Requirements
Depending on whether you want to run Server Diagnostics EFI, Server Diagnostics Mac OS X, or both, you need empty volumes on the server or on a portable storage device.
To run Server Diagnostics Mac OS X, the storage device must use the GUID Partition Table partition scheme. If you’re running only Server Diagnostics EFI on the storage device, you don’t need to use the GUID Partition Table partition scheme.
You can run both versions of Server Diagnostics by having two empty volumes on the same server or portable storage device. You need at least one of the following:
In order to |
You need |
Run Server Diagnostics EFI |
A volume on the server that has at least 100 MB |
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of available space, but doesn’t have Mac OS X or |
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Mac OS X Server installed |
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Run Server Diagnostics Mac OS X |
An empty volume on the server with at least |
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10 GB of available space, which will be used for |
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a dedicated Mac OS X Server installation |
Test multiple servers and run Server Diagnostics EFI
A USB 2.0 flash drive, or USB 2.0 or FireWire hard drive with a volume that has at least 100 MB of available space but doesn’t have Mac OS X or Mac OS X Server installed
Test multiple servers and run Server Diagnostics Mac OS X
A USB 2.0 or FireWire hard drive that has an empty volume with at least 10 GB of available space
Chapter 1 Overview and Requirements |
9 |
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Local and Remote Requirements
To run Server Diagnostics locally on the server, you need to connect a keyboard, mouse, and display.
To run Server Diagnostics remotely, you need the following:
ÂÂ A Macintosh computer with Mac OS X v10.6 or later installed. This computer is referred to as the host computer.
ÂÂ A server with Mac OS X Server v10.6 or later installed. This server is referred to as the client server.
ÂÂ A network connection with DHCP active or a direct Ethernet connection from the host computer to the client server.
ÂÂ The client server must have Server Diagnostics installed on an internal volume or on a connected portable storage device; or it must be able to run Server Diagnostics from a NetBoot server.
ÂÂ The host computer must run Server Diagnostics Mac OS X. The client server can run Server Diagnostics EFI or Server Diagnostics Mac OS X.
ÂÂ If the client server is running Server Diagnostics Mac OS X, you must be able to log in to the root account. The root account gives a system administrator complete access to the server.
NetBoot Server Requirements
To host Server Diagnostics EFI on a NetBoot server, your NetBoot server must:
ÂÂ Have Mac OS X Server v10.5 (10.5.8 or later recommended) or Mac OS X Server v10.6 (10.6.4 or later recommended) installed.
ÂÂ Be on the same subnet as the server being tested.
ÂÂ Have 100 MB of hard disk space available for a Server Diagnostics NetBoot image.
10 |
Chapter 1 Overview and Requirements |
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Setup and Installation |
2 |
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Before you can run Server Diagnostics, you must set up your testing environment and install Server Diagnostics.
Make sure you meet Server Diagnostics requirements before attempting setup and installation. For information, see “Requirements” on page 9.
Server Diagnostics EFI is preinstalled on the server. The instructions in this chapter show you how to install Server Diagnostics in a different location or set up
a NetBoot server.
Setting Up a Storage Device for Server Diagnostics Installation
To set up an internal volume or portable storage device for Server Diagnostics installation, you need at least 100 MB of available space for Server Diagnostics EFI or at least 10 GB of available space for Server Diagnostics Mac OS X, which requires installing Mac OS X Server. These requirements are described in detail in “Storage Device Requirements” on page 9.
If you’re installing Server Diagnostics Mac OS X on a volume, the storage device should use the GUID Partition Table partition map scheme.
To view the storage device’s partition map scheme, open Disk Utility and select the storage device. Make sure you select the storage device and not a volume within the storage device.
At the bottom of the Disk Utility window, Partition Map Scheme should be GUID Partition Table.
To repartition an in-use storage device, run Disk Utility from the Mac OS X Install DVD or the Mac OS X Server Install DVD or run Disk Utility while your server is connected to another computer and is in target disk mode. These methods erase the contents of your server’s hard disk and require you to reinstall and reconfigure Mac OS X Server.
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WARNING: The following instructions could erase all data on your storage device. Back up critical data before performing the following instructions.
To create and format empty storage device volumes:
1Insert the Mac OS X Server Install DVD.
2Restart the server and hold down the server’s Option key while it restarts.
3When a list of startup disks appears, select Mac OS X Server Install Disc and click the arrow button.
If it isn’t listed and you’re connecting to a computer over AirPort, select the AirPort network in the pop-up menu under the startup disk list.
4Select a language and click Next (right-arrow).
5Choose Utilities > Disk Utility.
6Select the storage device you want to set up.
Make sure you select a storage device, and not volumes within the storage device. Volumes within a storage device are indented one level.
7Click the Partition tab.
8If the partition map scheme of the storage device isn’t GUID Partition Table and you’re going to install Server Diagnostics Mac OS X, choose something besides “Current” in the Volume Scheme pop-up menu, then click Options, select GUID Partition Table, and click OK.
Changing the volume scheme erases all data on the storage device.
9Review the partition sizes and adjust them to meet Server Diagnostics storage requirements.
To do this |
Do this |
Display a partition’s size |
Click the partition and review the Size field. |
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Set the size of the partition |
Edit the Size field. |
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Create more partitions |
Select a partition and click the Add (+) button. |
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Delete partitions |
Select it and click the Delete (–) button. |
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Name a partition |
Select it and enter a name in the Name field. |
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Because this name is used when selecting which |
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volume to start up Mac OS X from, choose a |
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name that identifies the volume as being used |
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for Server Diagnostics. |
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10If you’re installing Server Diagnostics EFI on a volume, select the volume and choose MS-DOS (FAT) from the Format pop-up menu.
12 |
Chapter 2 Setup and Installation |
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If you’re installing Server Diagnostics Mac OS X on a volume, select the volume and choose Mac OS Extended (Journaled).
11Click Partition.
12Choose Disk Utility > Quit Disk Utility, and then choose Mac OS X Installer > Quit Mac OS X Installer.
After you finish setting up volumes, you can install Server Diagnostics EFI or Server
Diagnostics Mac OS X. For information, see the following topics: ÂÂ “Installing Server Diagnostics EFI” on page 13
ÂÂ “Installing Server Diagnostics Mac OS X” on page 14
Installing Server Diagnostics EFI
Before you install Server Diagnostics EFI, make sure your storage device has a volume that has at least 100 MB of available space and that is formatted as MS-DOS (FAT). The volume will be erased, so make sure all important data on the volume is backed up. For more information, see “Setting Up a Storage Device for Server Diagnostics Installation” on page 11.
To perform these instructions, you need the Admin Tools disc v10.6 or later included with the server.
If you perform this task to install Server Diagnostics EFI on an internal volume on the server, you need administrator access to the server. If you perform this task to install Server Diagnostics EFI on a portable storage device, you can use any computer that you have administrator access to.
If you want to connect a host computer directly to the server and the host computer doesn’t provide DHCP service on the port used to connect to the server, you must create a file on the server that assigns an IP address to the server. However, if the host computer provides DHCP service, don’t create this file. For information about how to find out if a computer is providing DHCP service, see Network Services Administration at www.apple.com/server/macosx/resources.
To install Server Diagnostics EFI:
1Insert the Admin Tools disc.
2On the server, open AppleServerDiagnosticsEFI.pkg (located in /Diagnostics/ on the disc).
3Follow the onscreen instructions, and at the Select Destination step, choose a volume that has at least 100 MB of available space and doesn’t have Mac OS X Server installed.
4If you’re asked to authenticate, authenticate as a user with administrator privileges.
Chapter 2 Setup and Installation |
13 |
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5If you want to connect a host computer directly to the server and the host computer doesn’t provide DHCP service on the port used to directly connect to the server, do the following:
a Open TextEdit (located in /Applications/).
b In a new file, enter an IP address that’s not in use by the host computer.
For example, enter: 123.123.123.123
If TextEdit doesn’t open with a new blank file, choose File > New.
cChoose Format > Make Plain Text.
dChoose File > Save As.
eName the file axd_set_ip_address, and then change the location of the file to the volume with Server Diagnostics EFI installed.
fSelect “If no extension is provided, use ‘.txt’,” and then click Save.
Restoring Server Diagnostics EFI
Server Diagnostics EFI is preinstalled on the startup volume. If you erase the startup volume, you’ll erase Server Diagnostics EFI. If you install Server Diagnostics EFI instead of restoring it, you can’t start up Server Diagnostics EFI by holding down the D key at startup.
To restore Server Diagnostics EFI:
1Insert the Admin Tools disc.
2On the server, open AppleServerDiagnosticsHD.pkg (located in /Diagnostics/ on the disc).
3Follow the onscreen instructions, and at the Select Destination step, choose a volume that has Mac OS X Server installed.
4If you’re asked to authenticate, authenticate as a user with administrator privileges.
Installing Server Diagnostics Mac OS X
Before you install Server Diagnostics Mac OS X, make sure that your storage device uses the GUID Partition Table partition scheme and that it has an empty volume with 10 GB of available space. For more information, see “Setting Up a Storage Device for Server Diagnostics Installation” on page 11.
14 |
Chapter 2 Setup and Installation |
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If you perform this task to install Server Diagnostics Mac OS X on an internal volume on the server, you need administrator access to the server. If you perform this task to install Server Diagnostics Mac OS X on a portable storage device, you can use any computer you have administrator access to.
Installing Server Diagnostics Mac OS X involves three steps: ÂÂ Install Mac OS X Server with minimal options selected.
ÂÂ Copy Server Diagnostics Mac OS X from the Admin Tools disc to /Applications/.
ÂÂ Configure Mac OS X Server.
By dedicating a minimal installation of Mac OS X Server for use with Server Diagnostics Mac OS X, you reduce the risk of server processes interrupting Server Diagnostics testing.
To install Server Diagnostics Mac OS X:
1Insert the Mac OS X Server Install DVD.
2Restart the server and hold down the server’s Option key while it restarts.
3When a list of startup disks appears, select Mac OS X Server Install Disc and click the arrow button.
If it isn’t listed and you’re connecting to a computer over AirPort, select the AirPort network in the pop-up menu under the startup disk list.
4Continue through the installer until you reach the step where you select the disk to install Mac OS X Server on.
5Select a volume that’s at least 10 GB.
If the volume isn’t empty, choose Utilities > Disk Utility. Select the volume. In the Erase pane, click Erase. After the volume is erased, choose Disk Utility > Quit Disk Utility.
6Click Customize, deselect all checkboxes, click OK, and then click Install.
When the Installer finishes installing Mac OS X Server, the computer restarts and the
Mac OS X Server setup assistant opens.
7Continue through the setup assistant and enter information that’s requested.
In the Users and Groups step, select Configure Manually. Don’t enable services.
When you finish entering information in the setup assistant, the login window appears.
8Log in with the user name“root”and the password of the user you created in the setup assistant.
You must set up and run Server Diagnostics Mac OS X as root. Otherwise, you can’t test the server you’ve installed Server Diagnostics Mac OS X on.
9Insert the Admin Tools disc.
Chapter 2 Setup and Installation |
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